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LinHARirCK^/QF THE S^K

LIBRAKY OF RHETORIC AND — n1 CRITICISM

HE GIFT OF FRED NEWTON SCOTT

UE 415

Carte

I

THE ORBIS PIGTUS

or

JOHN AMOS COMENIUS.

This work is, indeed, the first children's picture book. ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, QTH EDITION, vi. 182.

SYRACUSE, N. Y.: C. W. BARDEEN, PUBLISHER, 1887.

Copyright, 1887, by C. W. BARDEEN.- It may not be generally known that Comenius was once solicited to become President of Harvard College. The follow ing is a quotation from Vol. II, p. 14, of Cotton Mather's MAGNALIA: "That brave old man, Johannes Amos Commenius, the fame of whose worth has been TRUMPETTED as far as more than three languages f whereof everyone is indebted unto his JANUA^ could carry it, was indeed agreed withal, by one Mr. Winthrop in his travels through the LOW COUNTRIES, to come over to New Eng land, and illuminate their Colledge and COUNTRY, in the quality of a President, which was now become vacant. But the solicita tions of the Swedish Ambassador diverting him another way, that incomparable Moravian became not an American." This was on the resignation of President Dunster, in 1654 — NOTE OF PROF. PAYNE, COMPAYRE'S HISTORY OF EDUCATION, BOSTON, 1886, P. 125. EDITOR'S PREFACE.

When it is remembered that this work is not only an educational classic of prime importance, but that it was the first picture-book ever made for children and was for a century the most popular text-book in Europe, and yet has been for many years unattaina ble on account of its rarity, the wonder is, not that it is reproduced now but that it has not been repro duced before. But the difficulty has been to find a satisfactory copy. Many as have been the editions, few copies have been preserved. It was a book chil dren were fond of and wore out in turning the leaves over and over to see the pictures. Then as the old copper-plates became indistinct they were replaced by wood-engravings, of coarse execution, and often of changed treatment. Von Raumer complains that the edition o1 1 7 5 5 substitutes for the original cut of the Soul, (No. 43, as here given, ) a picture of an eye, and in a table the figures I. I. II. I. I. II., and adds that it is difficult to recognize in this an expressive psycholog ical symbol, and to explain it. In an edition I have, published in Vienna in 1779, this cut is omitted alto gether, and indeed there are but 82 in place of the 157 found in earlier editions, the following, as num bered in this edition, being omitted : 1, the alphabet, 2, 36, 43, 45, 66, 68, 75, 76, 78-80, 87, S3, 92-122, 124, 126, 128, 130-141. 0")

. „ iV THE ORBIS PICTUS. On the other hand, the Vienna edition contains a curious additional cut. It gives No. 4, the Heaven. practically as in this edition, but puts another cut under it in which the earth is revolving about the sun ; and after the statement of Comenius, "Coelum ro- t*tur, et ambit terram, in media stantem " interpolates : " prout veteres crediderunt; recentiores enim defendunt motum terrae circa solem " [as the ancients used to think; for later authorities hold that the motion of the earth is about the sun.] Two specimen pages from another edition are in serted in Payne's Compayre's History of Education, ('between pp. 126, 127,). The cut is the representa tive of No. 103 in this edition, but those who com pare them will see not only how much coarser is the execution of the wood-cut Prof. Payne has copied, but what liberties have been taken with with the de sign. The only change in the Latin text, however, is from Designat Figuras rtrum in the original, to Figuram rerum designat. In this edition the cuts are unusually clear copies of the copper-plates of the first edition of 1658, from which we have also taken the Latin text. The text for the English translation is from the English edi tion of 1727, in which for the first time the English words were so arranged as to stand opposite their Latin equivalents. The cuts have been reproduced with great care by the photographic process. I thought best not to per mit them to be retouched, preferring occasional in distinctness to modern tampering with the originals that would make them less authentic. EDITOR S PREFACE. V The English text is unchanged from that of the 1727 edition, except in rare instances where substitu tions have been made for single words not now per missible. The typography suggests rather than imi tates the quaintness of the original, and the paper was carefully selected to produce so far as practica ble the impression of the old hand-presses. In short my aim has been to put within the reach of teachers at a moderate price a satisfactory repro duction of this important book; and if the sale of the Orbis Pictus seems to warrant it, I hope subsequently to print as a companion volume the Vestibulum and Janua of the same author, of which I have choice copies. C. W. BARDEEN. Syracuse, Sept. 28, 1887. COMMENTS UPON THE ORBIS PICTUS.

During four years he here prosecuted his efforts i» behalf of education with commendable success, and wrote, among other works, his celebrated Orbis Pic- tus, which has passed through a great many editions,- and survived a multitude of imitations. — SMITH'S HISTORY OF EDUCATION, N. Y., 1842, p. 129. The most eminent educator of the seventeenth cen tury, however, was John Amos Comenius His Orbis Sensualium Pictus, published in 1657, enjoyed a still higher renown. The text was much the same with the Janua, being intended as a kind of element ary encyclopedia ; but it differed from all previous text books, in being illustrated with pictures, on copper and wood, of the various topics discussed in it. This book was universally popular. In those portions of Germany where the schools had been broken up by the " Thirty years' war," mothers taught their chil dren from its pages. Corrected and amended by later editors, it continued for nearly two hundred years, to be a text-book of the German schools. — HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF EDUCATION, BY PHILOBIB- LIUS, N. Y., 1860, p.- 2 10. The " Janua " would, therefore, have had but a. short-li ved popularity with teachers, and a still shorter with learners, if Comenius had not carried out his- (vi) COMMENTS UPON THE ORBIS PICTUS. Vll principle of appealing to the senses, and called in the artist. The result was the " Orbis Pictus," a book which proved a favorite with young and old, and maintained its ground in many a school for more than a century 1 am sorry I cannot give a speci men of this celebrated book with its quaint pictures. The artist, of course, was wanting in the technical skill which is now commonly displayed even in the cheapest publications, but this renders his deline ations none the less entertaining. As a picture of the life and manners of the seventeeth century, the work has great historical interest, which will, I hope, secure for it another English edition. — QUICK'S EDU CATIONAL REFORMERS, 1868; Syracuse edition, p. 79. But the principle on which he most insisted is that the teaching of words and things must go to gether, hand in hand. When we consider how much time is spent over new languages, what waste of energy is lavished on mere preparation, how it takes so long to lay a foundation that there is no time to lay a building upon it, we must conclude that it is in the acceptance and development ot this principle that the improvement of education will in the future consist. Any one who attempts to inculcate this great reform will find that its first principles are con tained in the writings of Comenius. — ENCYCLOPAE DIA BRITANNICA, gth edition, vii. 674. The first edition of this celebrated book was pub lished at Nuremberg in 1657; soon after a transla tion was made into English by Charles Hoole. The last English edition appeared in 1777, and this was reprinted in America in 1812. This was the first il- THE ORBIS PICTUS. lustrated school-book, and was the first attempt at what now passes under the name of "object lessons.' — SHORT HISTORY OF EDUCATION, W. H. PAYNE, Syra cuse, 1881, p. 103. - Of these, the " Janua " and the "Orbis" were trans lated into most European and some of the Oriental languages. It is evident that these practices of Co- menius contain the germs of things afterwards con nected with the names of Pestalozzi and Stow. It also may be safely assumed that many methods that are now in practical use, were then not unknown to earliest teachers. — GILL'S SYSTEMS OF EDUCATION, London, 1876, p. 13. The more we reflect on the method of Comenius, the more we shall see it is replete with suggestive- ness, and we shall feel surprised that so much wis dom can have lain in the path of schoolmasters for two hundred and fifty years, and that they have never stooped to avail themselves of its treasures. — BROWN ING'S INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL THEORIES, 1882, New York edition, p. 67. The " Orbis Pictus," the first practical application of the intuitive method, had an extraordinary suc cess, and has served as a model for the innumerable illustrated books which for three centuries have in vaded the schools. — COMPAYRE'S HISTORY OF PEDA GOGY, Payne's translation, Boston, 1886, p. 127. He remained at Patak four years, which were char acterized by surprising literary activity. During this short period he produced no less than fifteen different works, among them his "World Illustrated" (Orbis Pictus), the most _ famous of all his writings. COMMENTS UPON THE ORBIS PICTUS. IX It admirably applied the principle that words and things should be learned together. .. .The "World Illustrated " had an enormous circulation, and re mained for a long time the most popular text-book in Europe. — PAINTER'S HISTORY OF EDUCATION, N.Y., 1886, p. 206. Or, si ce livre n'eet qu'un equivalent le la veri- table intuition; si, ensuite, le contenu du tout parait fort defectueux, au point de vue de la science de nos jours; si, enfin, un effort exagere pour 1' integrite de la conception de 1" enfant a cree, pour les choses modernes, trop de denominations latines qui parais- sent douteuses, 1' Orbis pictus etait pourtant, pour son temps, une oeuvre tr£s originale et tres spirituelle, qui fit faire un grand progres A la pedagogie et ser- vit longtemps de livre d' ecole utile et de module & d' innomorables livres d' images, souvent pires. — HISTORIE D' EDUCATION, FREDERICK DITTES, Redolfi's French translation, Paris, 1880, p. 178. Here Comenius wrote, among others, his second celebrated work the " Orbis Pictus." He was not, however, able to finish it in Hungary for want of a skilful engraver on copper. For such a one he car ried it to Michael Endter, the bookseller at Nurem berg, but the engraving delayed the publication of the book for three years more. In 1657 Comenius expressed the hope that it would appear during the next autumn. With what great approbation the work was received at its first appearance, is shown by the fact that within two years, in 1659, Endter had published a second enlarged edition. — KARL VON X THE ORBIS P1CTUS. RAUMER, translated in Barnard's Journal of Educa tion, v. 260. The " Janua" had an enormous sale, and was pub lished in many languages, but the editions and sale of the "Orbis Pictus" far exceeded those of the " Janua," and, indeed, for some time it was the most popular text-book in Europe, and deservedly so. — LAURIE'S JOHN AMOS COMENIUS, Boston edition, p. 185. JOH. AMOS COMENII Orbis Sensualium Pictus: HOC E8T Omnium principalium in Mundo Rerum, & in Vita Actionum, PlCTURA & NOMENCLATURA. JOH. AMOS COMENIUS'S VISIBLE WORLD: OR, A Nomenclature, and Pictures OF ALL THE CHIEF THINGS that are in the WORLD, and of MENS EMPLOYMENTS therein; In above 15o COPPER CUTS. WRITTEN By the Author in Latin and High Dutch, being one of his last ESSAYS ; and the most suitable to Chil- drens Capacity of any he hath hitherto made. Translated into English By CHARLES HOOLE, M. A. For the Use of Young Latin Scholars. The ELEVENTH EDITION Corrected, and the English made to answer Word for Word to the La1in. Nihilestin intellectu, quodnonprius fuitin sensu. Arist. London; Printed for, and sold by John and Benj. Sprint, at the Bell in Little Britain, 1728. Gen. ii. 19, 20. The Lord God brought unto Adam every Beast of the Field, and every Fowl of the Air, to see what he would call them. And Adam gave Names to all Cat tle, and to the Fowl of the Air, and to every Beast ot the Field. Gen. ii. 19, 20. Adduxit Dominus Deus ad A da m cuncta A nimantia Ter ra, 6* universa volatilia Casli, ut videret quomodo vocaret ilia. Appellavitque Adam Nomin&us suis cuncta Animan- tia, &f universa volatilia Coeli, 6r> omnes Bestias Agri. I. A. Comenii opera Didactica par. 1. p. 6, Amst. 1657. fol. Didacticae nostrae prora & puppis esto : Investigare, •& invenire modum, quo Docentes minus doceant, Dis- centes vero plus discant : Scholae minus habeant Stre- pitus, nauseae, vani laboris ; plus autem otii, delicia- rum, solidique profectus : Respublica Christiana minus tenebrarum confusionis dissidiorum ; plus lucis, ordinis, pacis & tranquilitatis. THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO THE READER.

"Instruction is the means to expel Rudeness, with which young wits ought to be well furnished in Schools; But so, as that the teaching be 1. True, 2. Full, 3. Clear, and 4. Solid. 1. It will be true, if nothing be taught but such as. is beneficial to ones life ; lest there be a cause of complaining afterwards. We know not necessary things, because we have not learned things neces sary. 2. It will be full, if the mind be polished for wis dom, the tongue for eloquence, and the hands for a neat way of living. This will be that grace of one's life, to be wise, to act, to speak. 3. 4. It will be clear, and by that, firm and solid, if whatever is taught and learned, be not obscure, or confused, but apparent, distinct, and articulate, as the fingers on the hands. The ground of this business, is, that sensual ob jects may be rightly presented to the senses, for fear they may not be received. I say, and say it again aloud, that this last is the foundation of all the rest : because we can neither act nor speak wisely, unless we first rightly understand all the things which are (xiii) XIV THE ORBIS PICTUS. to be done, and whereof we are to speak. Now there is nothing in the understanding, which was not be fore in the sense. And therefore to exercise the senses well about the right perceiving the differences of things, will be to lay the grounds for all wisdom, and all wise discourse, and all discreet actions in ones course of life. Which, because it is commonly neglected in schools, and the things which are to be learned are offered to scholars, without being under stood or being rightly presented to the senses, it cometh to pass, that the work of teaching and learn ing goeth heavily onward, and affordeth little benefit. See here then a new help for schools, A Picture and Nomenelature of all the chief things in the world, and of men's actions in their way of living : Which, that you, good Masters, may not be loath to run over with your scholars, I will tell you, in short, what good you may expect from it. It is a little Book, as you see, of no great bulk, yet a brief of the whole world, and a whole language: full of Pictures, Nomenclatures, and Descriptions of things. 1. The Picturts are the representation of all visible things, fto which also things invisible are reduced after their fashion,) of the whole world. And that in that very order of things, in which they are described in the Janua Latina Lingua; and with that fulness, that nothing very necessary or of great concernment is omitted. II. The Nomenclatures are the Inscriptions, or Titles set every one over their own Pictures, express ing the whole thing by its own general term. XV III. The Descriptions are the explications of the parts of the Picture, so expressed by their own proper terms, as that same figure which is added to every piece of the picture, and the term of it, always shew- eth what things belongeth one to another. Which such Book, and in such a dress may (I hope,) serve, I. To entice witty children to it, that they may -. not conceit a torment to be in the school, but dainty fare. For it is apparent, that children ('even from their infancy almost,) are delighted with Pictures, and willingly please their eyes with these lights : ,' And it will be very well worth the pains to have once brought it to pass, that scare-crows may be taken away out of Wisdom's Gardens. II. This same little Book will serve to stir up the Attention, which is to be fastened upon things, and even to be sharpened more and more: which is also a great matter. For the Senses fbeing the main guides of childhood, because therein the mind doth not as yet raise up itself to an abstracted contempla tion of things,) evermore seek their own objects, and if they be away, they grow dull, and wry themselves hither and thither out of a weariness of themselves : but when their objects are present, they grow merry, wax lively, and willingly suffer themselves to be fas tened upon them, till the thing be sufficiently dis cerned. This Book then will do a good piece of service in taking ('especially flickering/ wits, and preparing them for deeper studies. III. Whence a third good will follow ; that chil dren being won hereunto, and drawn over with this XVI THE ORBIS P1CTUS. way of heeding, may be furnished with the knowl edge of the prime things that are in the world, by sport and merry pastime. In a word, this Book will serve for the more pleasing using of the Vestibulum and Janua Linguarum, for which end it was even at the first chiefly intended. Yet if It like any, that it be bound up in their native tongues also, it prom- iseth three good thing of itself. I. First it will afford a device for learning to read more easily than hitherto, especially having a sym bolical alphabet set before it, to wit, the characters of the several letters, with the image of that creature, whose voice that letter goeth about to imitate, pic- tur'd by it. For the young Abe scholar will easily remember the force of every character by the very looking upon the creature, till the imagination being strengthened by use, can readily afford all things ;. and then having looked over a table of the chief sylla bles also ('which yet was not thought necessary to be added to this book ) he may proceed to the viewing of the Pictures, and the inscriptions set over 'em. Where again the very looking upon the thing pic tured suggesting the name of the thing, will tell him how the title of the picture is to be read. And thus the whole book being gone over by the bare titles of the pictures, reading cannot but be learned ; and indeed too, which thing is to be noted, without using any ordinary tedious spelling, that most trouble some torture of wits, which may wholly be avoided by this method. For the often reading over the Book, by those larger descriptions of things, and which are set after the Pictures, will be able per fectly to beget a habit of reading. XV11 II. The same bo0k being used in English, in Eng lish Schools, will serve for the perfect learning of the whole English tongue, and that from the bottom; be cause by the aforesaid descriptions of things, the words and phrases of the whole language are found set orderly in their own places. And a short Eng lish Grammar might be added at the end, clearly resolving the speech already understood into its parts; shewing the declining of the several words, and reducing those that are joined together under certain rules. III. Thence a new benefit cometh, that that very English Translation may serve for the more ready and pleasant learning of the Latin tongue : as one may see in this Edition, the whole book being so translated, that every where one word answereth to the word over against it, and the book is in all things the same, only in two idioms, as a man clad in a double garment. And there might be also some observations and advertisements added in the end, touching those things only, wherein the use of the Latin tongue differeth from the English. For where there is no difference, there needeth no adver tisement to be given. But, because the first tasks of learners ought to be little and single, we have filled this first book of training one up to see a thing of him self, with nothing but rudiments, that is, with the chief of things and words, or with the grounds of the whole world, and the whole language, and of all our understanding about things. If a more perfect de scription of things, and a fuller knowledge of a lan guage, and a clearer light of the understanding be XV111 THE ORBIS PICTUS. sought after fas they ought to be) they are to be found somewhere whither there will now be an easy passage by this our little Encyclopedia of things sub ject to the senses. Something remaineth to be said touching the more chearful use of this book. £j. Let it be given to children into their hands to delight themselves withal as they please, with the sight of the pictures, and making them as familiar to themselves as may be, and that even at home before they be put to school. II. Then let them be examined ever and anon (es pecially now in the school,) what this thing or that thing is, and is called, so that they may see nothing which they know not how to name, and that they can name nothing which they cannot shew. III. And let the things named them be shewed, not only in the Picture, but also in themselves; for ex ample, the parts of the body, clothes, books, the house, utensils, dfc. IV. Let them be suffered also to imitate the Pic tures by hand, if they will, nay rather, let them be encouraged, that they may be willing : first, thus to quicken the attention also towards the things; and to observe the proportion of the parts one towards another; and lastly to practise the nimbleness of the hand, which is good for many thingsTI V. If anything here mentioned, cannot be pre sented to the eye, it will be to no purpose at all to offer them by themselves to the scholars; as colours, relishes, &*c., which cannot here be pictured out with ink. For which reason it were to be wished, that things rare and not easy to be met withal at home, xix might be kept ready in every great school, that they may be shewed also, as often as any words are to be made of them, to the scholars. Thus at last this school would indeed become a school of things obvious to ,the senses, and an en trance to the school intellectual. But enough : Letj us come to the thing it self. THE TRANSLATOR, TO ALL JUDICIOUS AND INDUSTRIOUS SCHOOL-MASTERS.

Gentlemen. There are a few of you (I think,) but have seen, and with great willingness made use of (or at least perused. J many of the Books of this of this well-deserving Author Mr. John Comenius, which for their profitableness to the speedy attainment of a lan guage, have been translated in several countries, out of Latin into their own native tongue. Now the general verdict ('after trial made) that hath passed, touching those formerly extant, is this, that they are indeed of singular use, and very advanta geous to those of more discretion, ('especially to such as already have a smattering of Latin ; to help their memories to retain what they have scatteringly got ten here and there, to furnish them with many words, which (perhaps) they had not formerly read, or so well observed; but to young children (whom we have chiefly to instruct,) as those that are ignorant altogether of things and words, and prove rather a meer toil and burthen, than a delight and furtherance. For to pack up many words in memory, of things not conceived in the mind, is to fill the head with empty imaginations, and to make the learner more XXI to admire the multitude and variety fand thereby, to become discouraged, ) than to care to treasure them up, in hopes to gain more knowledge of what they mean. He hath therefore in some of his latter works seemed to move retrograde, and striven to come nearer the reach of tender wits : and in this present Book, he hath, according to my judgment, descended to the very bottom of what is to be taught, and pro ceeded (as nature it self doth,) in an orderly way; first to exercise the senses well, by representing their objects to them, and then to fasten upon the intellect by impressing the first notions of things upon it, and linking them on to another by a rational discourse. Whereas indeed, we, gen erally missing this way, do teach children as we do parrots, to speak they know not what, nay which is worse, we, taking the way of teaching little ones by Grammar only at the first, do puzzle their imagina tions with abstractive terms and secondary intentions, which till they be somewhat acquainted with things, and the words belonging to them, in the language which they learn, they cannot apprehend what they mean. And this I guess to be the reason, why many great persons do resolve sometimes not to put a child to school till he be at least eleven or twelve years of age, presuming that he having then taken notice of most things, will sooner get the knowledge of the words which are applyed to them in any lan guage. But the gross misdemeanor of such children for the most part, have taught many parents to be hasty enough to send their own to school, if not that they may learn, yet fat least ,) that they might be kept out XX11 THE ORBIS PICTUS. of harm's way; and yet if they do not profit for the time they have been at school, (no respect at all be ing had for their years) the Master shall be sure enough to bear the blame. So that a School-master had need to bend his wits to come within the compass of a child's capacity of six or seven years of age ('seeing we have now such commonly brought to our Grammar-schools to learn the Latin Tongue,) and to make that they may learn with as much delight and willingness, as himself would teach with dexterity and ease. And at pres ent I know no better help to forward his young scholars than this little Book, which was for this purpose contrived by the Author in the German and Latin Tongues. What profitable use may be had thereof, respecting chiefly that his own country and language, he him self hath told you in his preface; but what use we may here make of it in our Grammar-schools, as it is now translated into English, I shall partly de clare ; leaving all other men, according to my wont, to their own discretion and liberty, to use or refuse it, as they please. So soon then as a child can read English perfectly, and is brought to us to school to learn Latin, I would have him together with his Ac cidence, to be provided of this Book, in which he may at least once a day ('beside his Accidence,) be thus exercised. I. Let him look over the pictures with their gen eral titles and inscriptions, till he be able to turn readily to any one of them, and to tell its name either in English or Latin. By this means he shall TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. xxiii have the method of the Book in his head ; and be easily furnished with the knowledge of most things; and instructed how to call them, when at any time he meeteth with them elsewhere, in their real forms. II. Let him read the description at large : First in English, and afterward in Latin, till he can readily read, and distinctly pronounce the words in both Languages, ever minding how they are spelled. And withal, let him take notice of the figures inserted, and to what part of the picture they direct by their like till he be well able to find out every particular thing of himself, and to name it on a sudden, either in Eng lish or Latin. Thus he shall not only gain the most primitive words, but be understandingly grounded in Orthography, which is a thing too generally neg lected by us; partly because our English schools think that children should learn it at the Latin, and our Latin schools suppose they have already learn'd it at the English ; partly, because our common Gram mar is too much defective in this part, and scholars so little exercised therein, that they pass from schools to the Universities and return from thence (some of them,) more unable to write true English, than either Latin or Greek. Not to speak of our ordinary Trades men, many of whom write such false English,that none but themselves can interpret what they scribble in their bills and shop-books. III. Then let him get the Titles and Descriptions by heart, which he will more easily do, by reason of these impressions which the viewing of the pictures hath already made in his memory. And now let him also learn, 1. To construe, or give the words one by XXIV THE ORB1S PICTUS. one, as they answer one another in Latin and Eng lish. 2. To Parse, according to the rules, ( which I presume by this time,) he hath learn'd in the first part of his Accidence; where I would have him tell what part of Speech any word is, and then what ac cidents belong to it; but especially to decline the nouns and conjugate the verbs according to the Ex amples in his Rudiments; and this doing will enable him to know the end and use of his Accidence. As for the Rules of Genders of Nouns, and the Praeter- perfect-tenses and Supines of Verbs, and those of Concordance and Construction in the latter part of the Accidence, I would not have a child much troubled with them, till by the help of this Book he can perfectly practise so much of Etymology, as con cerns the first part of his Accidence only. For that, and this book together, being thoroughly learn'd by at least thrice going them over, will much prepare children to go chearfully forward in their Grammar and School-Authors, especially, if whilst they are employed herein, they be taught also to write a fair and legible hand. There is one thing to be given notice of, which I wish could have been remedied in this Translation; that the Book being writ in high-Dutch doth express many things in reference to that Country and Speech, which cannot without alteration of some Pictures as well as words be expressed in ours: for the Symbol ical Alphabet is fitted for German children rather than for ours. And whereas the words of that Lan guage go orderly one for one with the Latin, our English propriety of Speech will not admit the like. Therefore it will behove those Masters that intend TRANSLATOR S PREFACE. XXV to make use of this Book, to construe it verbatim to their young Scholars, who will quickly learn to do it of themselves, after they be once acquainted with the first words of Nouns, and Verbs, and their man ner of variation. Such a work as this, I observe to have been form erly much desired by some experienced Teachers, and I my self had some years since ('whilst my own Child lived) begun the like, having found it most agreeable to the best witted Children, who are most taken up with Pictures from their Infancy, because by them the knowledge of things which they seem to represent (and whereof Children are as yet ignor ant,) are most easily conveyed to the Understanding. But for as much as the work is now done, though in some things not so completely as it were to be wished, I rejoyce in the use of it, and desist in my own under takings for the present. And because any good thing is the better, being the more communicated ; I have herein imitated a Child who is forward to impart to others what himself has well liked. You then that have the care of little Children, do not much trouble their thoughts and clog their memories with bare Grammar Rudiments, which to them are harsh in getting, and fluid in retaining; because indeed to them they signifie nothing, but a mere swimming notion of a general term, which they know not what it meaneth, till they comprehend particulars, but by this or the like subsidiary, inform them, first with some knowledge of things and words wherewith to express them, and then their Rules of speaking will be better understood and more firmly kept in mind. Else how should a Child conceive what a Rule mean- XXVI THE ORBIS PICTUS. eth, when he neither knoweth what the Latin word im- porteth, nor what manner of thing it is which is sig nified to him in his own native Language, which is given him thereby to understand the Rule? For Rules consisting of generalities, are delivered (as I may sayj at a third hand, presuming first the things, and then the words to be already apprehended touch ing which they are made. I might indeed enlarge upon this Subject, it being the very Basis of our Pro fession, to search into the way of Childrens taking hold by little and little of what we teach them, that so we may apply ourselves to their reach : But I leave the observation thereof to your own daily exer cise, and experience got thereby. And I pray God, the fountain and giver of all wis dom, that hath bestowed upon us this gift of Teach ing, so to inspire and direct us by his Grace, that we may train up Children in his Fear and in the knowledge of his Son Jesus Christ our Lord ; and then no doubt our teaching and their learning of other things subordinate to these, will by the assistance of his blessed Spirit make them able and willing to do- him faithful Service both in Church and Common wealth, as long as they live here, that so they may be eternally blessed with him hereafter. This, I beseech you, beg for me and mine, as I shall daily do for you and yours, at the throne of God's heavenly grace ; and remain while I live Ready to serve you, as I truly love and honour you, and labour willingly in the same Profession with you, CHARLES HOOLE. From my School, in Lothbury, London, Jan. 25, 1658. XXV11 IV. B. Those Heads or Descriptions which concern things beyond the present apprehension of Children's wits, as, those of Geography, Astronomy, or the like, I would have omitted, till the rest be learned, and a Child be better able to understand thtm. The Judgment of Mr. Hezekiah Woodward, some times an eminent Schoolmaster in LONDON,/^«^»«f a work of this Nature ; in his Gate to Science, chap. 2. Certainly the use of Images or Representations is great .- If we could make our words as legible to Children as Pictures are, their information therefrom would be quickned and surer. But so we cannot do, though we must do what we can. And if we had Books, wherein are the Pictures of all Creatures, Herbs, Beasts, Fish, Fowls, they would stand us in great stead. For Pictures are the most intelligible Books that Children can look upon. They come closest to Nature, nay, saith Scaliger, Art exceeds her. AN ADVERTISEMENT CONCERNING THIS EDITION.

AS there are some considerable Alterations in the present Edition of this Book from the former, it may be expected an Account should be given of the Reasons for them. Tis certain from the Author's Words, that when it was first published, which was in Latin and Hungary, or in Latin and High-Dutch; every where one word answer'd to an other over-against it : This might have been observ'd in our English Translation, which wou'd have fully answer'd the design of COMENIUS, and have made the Book much more useful: But Mr. Hoole, (whether out of too much scrupulousness to disturb the Words in some places from the order they were in, or not sufficiently considering the Inconveniences of having the Latin and English so far asunder) has made them so much disagree, that a Boy has sometimes to seek 7 or 8 lines off for the corresponding Word; which is no small trouble to Young Learners who are at first equally unacquainted with all Words, in a Lan guage they are strangers to, except it be such as have Figures of Reference, or are very like in sound ; and thus may perhaps, innocently enough join an Adverb in one Tongue, to a Noun in the other ; whence may (xxviii) AN ADVERTISEMENT, &C. XXIX appear the Necessity of the Translation's being ex actly literal, and the two Languages fairly answering one another, Line for Line. If it be objected, such a thing cou'd not be done (considering the difference of the Idioms) without transplacing Words here and there, and putting them into an order which may not perhaps be exactly classical; it ought to be observed, this is design 'd for Boys chiefly, or those who are just entering upon the Latin Tongue, to whom every thing ought to be made as plain and familiar as possible, who are not, at their first beginning, to be taught the elegant placing of Latin, nor from such short Sentences as these, but from Discourses where the Periods have a fuller Close. Besides, this way has already taken (according to the Advice of very good Judges,) in some other School-Books of Mr. Hoole's translating, and found to succeed abundantly well. Such Condescensions as these, to the capacities of young Learners are certainly very reasonable, and wou'd be most agreeable to the Intentions of the Ingenious and worthy Author, and his design to suit whatever he taught, to their manner of apprehending it. Whose Excellency in the art of Education made him so famous all over Europe, as to be solicited by several States and Princes to go and reform the Method of their Schools ; and whose works carried that Esteem, that in his own Life-time some part of them were not only translated into 12 of the usual Languages of Europe, but also into the Arabic, Turk ish, Persian, and Mogolic (the common Tongue of all that part of the Eait-Indies) and since his death, into XXX THE ORBIS PICTUS. the Hebrew, and some others. Nor did they want their due Encouragement here in England, some Years ago; 'till by an indiscreet use of them, and want of a thorow acquaintance with his Method, or unwilling ness to part from their old road, they began to be almost quite left off: Yet it were heartily to be wish'd, some Persons of Judgment and Interest, whose Example might have an influence upon others, and bring them into Reputation again, wou'd revive the COMENIAN METHOD, which is no other, than to make our Scholars learn with Delight and chear- fulness, and to convey a solid and useful Knowledge of Things, with that of Languages, in an easy, natural and familiar way. Didactic Works (as they are now collected into one volume) for a speedy attaining the Knowledge of Things and Words, join'd with the Discourses of Mr. Lock* and 2 or 3 more out of our own Nation, for forming the Mind and settling good Habits, may doubtless be look'd upon to contain the most reasonable, orderly, and completed System of the Art of Education, that can be met with. Yet, alas ! how few are there, who follow the way they have pointed out? tho' every one who seriously considers it, must be convinc'd of the Advantage ; and the generality of Schools go on in the same old dull road, wherein a great part of Children's time is lost in a tiresome heaping up a Pack of dry and un profitable, or pernicious Notions (for surely little *Mr. Lock's Essay upon Education. Dr. Tabor's Christain Schoolmaster. Dr. Ob. Walker of Education. Mr. Monro's Essay on Education. — His just Measures of the pious Institutions of Youth, &c AN ADVERTISEMENT, &C. XXXI better can be said of a great part of that Heathenish stuff they are tormented with ; like the feeding them with hard Nuts, which when they have almost broke their teeth with cracking, they find either deaf or to contain but very rotten and unwholesome Kernels) whilst Things really perfected of the understanding, and useful in every state of Life, are left unregarded, to the Reproach of our Nation, where all other Arts are improved and flourish well, only this of Educa tion of Youth is at a stand ; as if that, the good or ill management of which is of the utmost consequence to all, were a thing not worth any Endeavors to im prove it, or was already so perfect and well executed that it needed none, when many of the greatest Wisdom and Judgment in several Nations, have with a just indignation endeavor'd to expose it, and to establish a more easy and useful way in its room. 'Tis not easy to say little on so important a subject, but thus much may suffice for the present purpose. The Book has merit enough to recommend it self to those who know how to make a right use of it. It was reckon'd one of the Author's best performances ; and besides the many Impressions and Translations it has had in parts beyond Sea, has been several times re printed here. It was endeavor'd no needless Altera tions shou'd be admitted in this Edition, and as little of any ascou'd consist with the design of making it plain and useful; to shun the offence it might give to some ; and only the Roman and Italic Character alternately made use of, where transplacing of Words cou'd be avoided. London, J. H. July 13, 1727.

flj

Orbis Sensualium Pictus,

A World of Things Obvious to the Senses drawn in Pictures.

Invitation. I. Invitatio.

The Master and the Boy. Magister <5f Puer. M. Qome, Boy, learn to M. \feni, Puer, disce sa- . be wise. pere. P. What doth this mean, P. Quid hoc est, Saperef to be wise ? M. To understand right- M. Intelligere recte, to do rightly, and to speak agere recte, et eloqui recte out rightly all that are omnia necessaria. necessary. P. Who will teach me P. Quis docebit me hoc? this? M. I, by God's help. M. Ego, cum DEO. P. How? P. Quomodo ? M. I will guide thee M. Ducam te per thorow all. omnia. I will shew thee all. Ostendam tibi omnia. I will name thee all. Nominabo tibi omnia. P. See, here I am ; lead P. En, adsum ; duc me me in the name of God. in nomine DEI. M. Before all things, M. Ante omnia, debes thou oughtest to learn the discere simplices Sonos ex plain sounds, of which quibus Sermo humanus man's speech consisteth; constat ; quos Animalia which living creatures sciunt formarc, & tua Lin know how to make, and gua scit imitari, & tua thy Tongue knoweth how Manus potest pingere. to imitate, and thy hand can picture out. Afterwards we will go Postea ibimus Mundum, into the World, and we will & spectabimus omnia. view all things. Here thou hast a lively Hic habes vivum et vo- and Vocal Alphabet. cale Alphabetum. (3) Comix cornicatur, ;i :i A a The Crow crieth. Agnus balat, b 6 6 6 B b The Lamb blaiteth.

Cicada stridet, ci ci C C The Grasshopper chirpeth.

Upupa dicit, du du D d The Whooppoo saith. Infans ejulat, 666 E e The Infant crieth. Vtntus flat, fi fi F f The Wind blovreth. Anser gingrit, gaga Gg The Goose gagleth. Os halat, ha'h ha'h H h The Mouth breatheth out. Mus mintrit, 1 i i I i The Mouse chirpeth. Anas tetrinnit, kha, kha K k The Duck quaketh. Lupus ululat, lu ulu L The Wolf howleth. [mum Ursus murmurat, mum- M m The Bear grumbleth.

Felis clamat, nau nau N n The Cat crieth. Auriga clamat, 666 Oo The Carter crieth. Pullus pipit, pi pi The Chicken peepeth.

Cuculus cuculat, kuk ku Qq The cuckow singeth.

Canis ringitur, err R r The dog grinneth. Serpens sibilat, s1 Ss The Serpent hisseth.

Graculus clamat, tac tac T t The Jay crieth. Bubo ululat, n u U u The Ow/hooteth. Lepus vagit, va W w The Hare squeaketh.

Rana coaxat, coax X x. The Frog croaketh.

Asinus rudit, y y y Yy The Asse brayeth. Tabanus dicit, ds ds Zz The Bree2e or Horte-flie saith. (5) -God II. Deus.

God is of himself from Deus est ex seipso, ab everlasting to everlasting. aeterno in aeternum. A most perfect and a Perfectissimum & beatis- most blessed Being. simum Ens. In his Essence Spiritual, Essentid Spirituals & and One. unus. In his Personality,Three. Hypostasi Trinus. In his Will, Holy, Just, Voluntate, Sanctus, Just Merciful and True. us, Clemens, Verax. In his Power very great. Potentid maximus. In his Goodness, very Bonitate Optimus. good. In his Wisdom, 1mmeas Sapientid, immensus. urable. Lux inaccessa; A Light inaccessible ; & tamen omnia in omni and yet all in all. bus. Every where, and no Ubique & nullibi. •where. The chiefest Good, and Summura Bonum, et so the only and inexhausted lus et inexhaustus F0ns Fountain of all good omnium Bonorum. things. As the Creator, so the Ut Creator, ita Guberna- Governour and Preserver of tor et Conservator omnium all things, which we call rerum,quas vocamus Mun- the World. dum.

The World. Mundus.

The Heaven, \. Calum, 1. hath Fire, and Stars. habet /£•««n <5f Sttllas. The Clouds, 2. Nubes, 2. hang in the Air. pendent in Aere. Birds, 3. Aves, 3. fly under the Clouds. volant sub nubibus. Fishes, 4. Pisces, 4. swim in the Water. natant in Aqua. The Earth hath Hills, 5. Terra habet Montes, 5. Woods, 6. Fields, 7. Sylvas, 6. Campos, 7. Beasts, 8. and Men, 9. Animalia, 8. Homines, 9. (7 ) Thus the greatest Bodies Ita maxima Corpora of the World, the four Ele Mundi, quatuor Elementa, ments, are full of their own sunt plena Habitatoribus Inhabitants. suis.

The Heaven. Coelum.

The Heaven, 1. Calum, 1. is wheeled about, and rotatur, & encompasseth the Earth,2. ambit Terram, 2. standing in the middle. stantem in medio. The Sun, 3. Sol, 3- wheresoever it is, shineth ubi ubi est, fulget perpetually, howsoever perpetuo, ut ut densa dark Clouds, 4. Nubila, 4. may take it from us ; eripiant eum a nobis; and causeth by his Rays, 5. facitque suis Radiis, 5. Light, and the Lucem, Lux Diem. Light, Day, On the other side, over Ex opposito, sunt Tene- against it, is Darkness, 6. ora, 6. inde Nox. and thence Night. In the Night Nocte shineth the Moon, 7. splendet Luna, 7. and the Stars, 8. & Stella, 8. glister and twinkle. micant, scintillant. In the Evening, 9. Vesperi, 9. is Twilight: est Crepusculum: In the Morning, 10. Mane Aurora, 10. the breaking, and & Diluculum. dawning of the Day.

Fire. V. Ignis.

The .faVrgloweth, burn- Ignis ardet, eth and consumeth to urit, cremat. ashes. A spark of it struck out Scintilla ejus elisa of a Flint (or Firestone), 2. e Silice, (Pyrite) 2. by means of a Steel, 1. Ope C haly bis, 1. and taken by Tender in et excepta a Fomite a Tynder-box, 3. in Suscitabulo, 3. lighteth a Match, 4. accendit Sulphuratum, 4. and after that a Candle, 5 . et inde Candelam, 5. (9) or stick, 6. vel Lignum, 6. and causeth aflame, 7. et excitat Flammam, j. or bla2e, 8. vel Incendium, 8. which catcheth hold of quod corripit the Houses. dificia. Smoak, 9. Fumus, 9. ascendeth therefrom, ascendit inde, which, sticking to the qui, adhaerans Chimney, 10. Camino, 10. turneth into Soot. abit in Fuliginem. Of a Fire-brand, Ex Tcr/r, •(or burning stick) (ligno ardente,) is made a Brand, \ i. nt 7"/Vw, 11. (or quenched stick). (lignum extinctum.) Of a hot Coal Ex Pruna, (red hot piece (candente particuld of a Fire-brand) Torris,) is made a Coal, 12. fit Car bo, 12. (or a dead Cinder). (Particula mortua.) That which remaineth, Quod remanet, is at last Ashes, 13. tandem est Cinis, 13. and Embers (or hot Ashes). & Favilla (ardens Cinis.)

Aer,

A cool Air, \. Aura, 1. breatheth gently. spirat leniter. The Wind, 2. Ventus, 2. bloweth strongly. flat valide. A Storm, 3. Procella, 3. throweth down Trees. sternit Arbores. A Whirl-wind, 4. Turbo, 4. * turneth it self in a round agit se in gyrum. compass. A Wind under Ground,^. Ventus subterraneus, causeth an Earthquake. excitat Terra motum. An Earthquake causeth Terrae motus facit gapings of the Earth, Labes (& ruinas.) 6. (and falls of Houses.) 6. The Water. VII. Aqua.

The Water springeth scatet out of a Fountain, i. 6 Fonte, \ . floweth downwards defluit in a Brook, 2. in Tor rente, 2. runneth in a Beck, 3. 1na1m in Rivo, 3. standeth in a Pond, 4. stat in Stagno, 4. glideth in a Stream, 5. fluit in Flumine, 5. is whirled about gyratur in a Whirl-pit, 6. in Vortice, 6. and causeth Fens, j. & facit Paludes, 7. The River hath .ffan/fc, 8. Flumen habet Ripas. The Sea maketh Shores,g. Mare facit Littora, 9. Bays, 10. Capet, n. •Sin/«, 10. Promontoria, n. Islands, 1 2. Almost Islands, Insulat, 12. Peninsulas, 13. 1 3. Necks of Land, \ 4. 1st Amos, 14. Straights, 15. Fret a, 15. and hath in it Rocks, 16. & habet Scopulos, 16. (12) The Clouds. VIII. Nubes.

A Vapour, 1. ascendeth Vapor, 1. ascendit ex from the Water. Aqud. From it a Cloud, 2. Inde Nubes, 2. is made, and a white Mist, fit, et Nebula, 3. 3. near the Earth. prope terram. Rain- 4. Pluvia, 4. and a small Shower distil- et Imber, leth out of a Cloud, drop stillat e Nube, by drop. guttatim. Which being frozen, is Quae gelata, Grando, 5. Hail, 5. half frozen is Snow, semigelata, Nix, 6. 6. being warm is Mel-dew. calefacta, Rubigo est. In a rainy Cloud, In nubepluviosd, oppo- set over against the Sun sitd soli Iris, 7. apparet. the Rainbow, 7. appeareth. A drop falling into the Gttft* incident in aquam, water maketh a Bubble, 8. facit BuUam, 8. many Bubbles make multae Bulla faciunt froth, 9. spumam, 9. Frozen Water is called Aqua congelata let, 10. Glades, 10. Dew congealed, Ros congelatus, r 13 is called a white Frost. dicitur Pruina. Thunder is made of a Tonitru fit ex brimstone-like vapour, Vapore sulphureo, which breaking out of a quod erumpens 6 Nube Cloud, with Lightning, n. cum Fulgure, n. thundereth and striketh tonat & fulminat. with lightning.

The Earth. IX. Terra.

In the Earth are In Terra sunt high Mountains, \. Alti Montes, 1. Deep VaUies, ^. Profundae valles, 2. Hills rising, 3. Elevati Colles, 3. Hollow Caves, 4. cavae Speluncae, 4. Plain Fields, 5. Plani campi, 5. Shady Woods, 6. Opacae Sylvae, 6. The Fruits of the Earth. X. Terrae F0etus.

A meadow, 1. yieldeth Pratum, \. fert Gramma, grass with Flowers and cum Floribus & Herbis Herbs, which being cut quae defecta down, are made Hay, 2. fiunt Fanum, 2. A Field, 3. yieldeth Corn, Arvwn, 3. fert Fruges, and Pot herbs, 4. & Ctera, 4. Mushrooms, 5. ^«n^», 5- Straw-berries, 6. Frag a, 6. Myrtle-trees, &c. Myrtitti, &c. come up in Woods. Proveniunt in Sylvis. Metals, Stones, and Min Metalla, Lapides, erals Mineralia, grow vender the earth. nascuntur sub terra.

Metals. Metalla.

Lead, 1. Plumbum, 1. is soft, and heavy. est molle & grave. Iron, 2. is hard, Ferrum, 2. est durum, and Steel, 3. harder. & Calybs, 3. durior. They make Tankards Faciunt Cantharos, 4. (or Cans), 4. of Tin. e Stanno. Kettles, 5. of Copper, Ahena, 5, e Cupro, Candlesticks, 6. of Latin, Candelabra,^, ex Orichako, Dollers, 7. of Silver, Thaleros, 7. ex Argento, Ducats and Crown-piects, 8. Scutatos et Coronatos, 8. Quick-silver is always li Ex, Auro. quid, and eateth thorow Argentum Vvvum, semper Metal* of Gold. liquet, & corrodit Metalla.

Stones. Lapides.

Sand, 1. and Gravel, 2. Arena, 1. & Sabulum, 2. is Stone broken into bits. est Lapis comminutus. A great Stone, 3. Saxwn, 3. is a piece of est pars a Rock (or Crag) 4. Petra (Cautis) 4. A Whetstone, 5. Cos, 5. a Flint, 6. a Marole, 7. &c. .SYir.*, 6. M armor, 7. &c. are ordinary Stones. sunt obscuri Lapides. A Load-stone, 8. Mag nes, 8. draweth Iron to it. adtrahit ferrum. Jewels, g. Gemma, 9. are clear Stones, as sunt pellucidi Lapilli, ut The Diamond white, Adamas candidus, The Ruby red, Rubinus rubeus, The Sapphire blue, Sapphirus caeruleus, The Emerald green, Smaragdus viridis, The Jacinth yellow, &c. Hyacynthus luteus, &c. And they glister et micant being cut into corners. angulati. Pearls and Unions, 10. Margarita & Uniones, 10. gr0w in Shell-fish. crescunt in Conchis. Corals, n. Corallia, n. in a Sea-shrub. in Marind arbusculd. Amber, 12. is gathered Succinum,12. colligitur from the Sea. 6 mart. Glass, 13. is like Vitrum, 13. simile est Chrystal. Chrystallo.

Tree. XIII. Arbor.

A Plant, \. groweth Planta, 1. procrescit from a .&<»

Fruits that have no Poma, shells are pull'd from decerpuntur, fruit-bearing trees. a fructiferis arboribus. The Apple, 1. is round. Malum, 1. est rotundum. f 19 ) The Pear, 2. and Fig, 3. Pyrum, 2. & ;are something long. sunt oblonga. The Cherry, 4. Cerasum, 4. hangeth by a long start. pendet longo Pediolo. ThePIumt, 5. Prunum, 5. and Peach, 6. & Persicum, 6. by a shorter. breviori. The Mulberry, 7. Morum, 7. toy a very short one. brevissimo. The Wall-nut, 8. ./V/«e Juglans, 8. the Ha2el-nut, 9. Avellana, 9. and Chest-nut, 10. & Castanea, 10. are wrapped in a A«.r£ involuta sunt Cortici and a Shell. & Putamini. Barren trees are 1 1. Steriles arbores sunt n. The Firr, the Alder, Abies, Alnus, The Birch, the Cypress, Betula, Cupressus, The .5m-/*, the ^^A, Fagus, Fraxinus, The Sallow, the Linden-tree, Salix, Tilia,&c. -&c., but most of them af sed pleraeque umbriferae. fording shade. But the Juniper, 12. At Juniperus, 12. and Bay-tree, 13. yield & Laurus, 13. ferunt Berries. Baccas. The /Yn

Flowers. Flores-

Amongst the Flowers Inter flores the most noted, notissimi, In the beginning of Primo vere, the Spring are the Violet, 1. the Crow-toes, 2. Viola, 1. Hyacinthus,2. the Daffodil, 3. Narcissus, 3. Then the Lillies, 4. Tum Lilia, 4. white and yellow alba & lutea, and blew, 5. & cosrulea, 5. and the Rose, 6. tandem Rosa, 6. and the Clove-gilliflowers, 7. & Caryophillum, 7. &c. &c. Of these Garlands, 8. Ex his Serta, 8. and Nosegays, 9. are & Servia, 9. tyed round with twigs. vientur. There are added also Adduntur etiam sweet herbs, 10. Herba odorata, 10. as Marjoram, ut Amaracus, Flower gentle, Rue, Amaranthus, Ruta, Lavender, Lavendula, Rosemary. Rosmarinus, (Libanotis). (n) Hysop, Spike, Hypossus, Nard, Basil, Sage, Ocymum, Salvia, Mints, &c. Menta, &c. Amongst Field-flowers, Inter Campestres 1a. the most noted are Flores, n. notissimi sunt the May-lillie, Lilium Convallium, Germander, the Blew-Bottle, Chamosdrys, Cyanus, Chamomcl, &c. Chamcemelum, &c. And amongst Herbs, Et Herbae, Trefoil. Cytiius (Trifolium) Wormwood, Sorrel, Absinthium, Acetosa, the Nettle, &c. Urtica, &c. The Tulip, 12. Tulipa, 12. is the grace of flowers, est decus Florum, but affording no smell. sed expers odoris. Potherbs. XVI. Olera.

Pot-herbs Olera -grow in Gardens, nascuntur in hortis, as Lettice, 1. ut Lactuca, 1. Colewort, 2. Brassica, 2. •Onions, 3. Cepa, 3. (»*) Garlic k, 4. Gourd, 5. Allium, 4. Cucurbita, 5. The Parsnep, 6. , 6. The Turnep, 7. 7. The Radish, 8. Raphanus minor, 8. Horse-radish, 9. Raphanus major, 9. Par sly, 10. Petrosclinum, 10. Cucumbers, \ 1 . Cucumeres, 1 1 . and Pompions, 12. Pcpones, 12, Corn. XVII. Fruges.

Some C, 2, Barley, 3. Siligo, 2. Hordeum, 3. in which the Ear hath in quibus Spica habet awnts, or else it is without Aristas, aut est mutica, fo- awnes, and it nourisheth vetque grana in gluma. the Corn in the Husk. Some instead of an ear, Quaedam pro Spica, have a ri2om (or plume) habent Paniculam, conti- containing the corn by nentem grana fasciatim, bunches,as Oats, 4. Millet,^. ut, Avena, 4. Milium, 5. Turkey-wheat, 6. Frumentum Saracenicum, 6, Pulse have Cods, Legumina habent Siliquas, which enclose the corns quae includunt grana in two Shales, valvulis, as Pease, 7. ut, Pisum, 7. Beans, 8. Vetches, 9. and Faba, 8. Vicia, 9. those that are less than & minores his these Lentils and Urles (or Lentes & Cicera. Tares). Shrubs. XVIII. Frutices.

A plant being greater, Planta major and harder than an herb, & durior herba, is called a Shrub : dicitur Frutex : such as are ut sunt In Banks and Ponds, In ripis & stagnis, Juncus, 1. the Bulrush, 2. Scirpus, 2. or Cane without knots [Canna] enodis bearing Cats-tails, ferens fyphos, and the Reed, 3. & A r undo, 3. which is knotty and hol nodosa et cava low within. intus. Elsewhere, 4. Alibi, 4. the Rose, Rosa, the Bastard-Corinths, Ribes, the Elder, the Juniper. Sambucus, Juniperus, Also the Vine, 5. which Item Vitis, 5. putteth forth branches, 6. quae emittit Palmites, 6. and these tendrels, 7. et hi Capreolos, 7. Vine-leaves, 8. Pampinos, 8. and Bunches of grapes, 9. et Racemos, 9. on the stock whereof quorum Scapo hang Grapes, pendent Uva, which contain Grape-stones. continentes Acinos. XIX. Living-Creatures: and First, Birds.

Animalia: & primu1n, Aves. A living Creature liveth, Animal vivit, perceiveth, moveth itself; sentit, movet se; is born, dieth, nascitur, moritur, is nourished, nutritur, and groweth : standeth, & crescit ; stat, or sitteth, or lieth, aut sedet, aut cubat, or goeth. aut graditur. A Bird, (Fisher, 1. Avis, (hic Halcyon, \. here the King's making in mari nidulans.) her nest in the Sea.) is covered with Feathers,*. tegitur Plumis, 2. flyeth with Wings, 3. volat Pennis, 3. hath two Pinions, 4. habet duas ^4/aj, 4. as many Feet, 5. totidem Pedes, 5. a Tail, 6. Caudam, 6. and a Bill, 7. & Rostrum, 7. The Shee, 8. layetk Eggs, Famella, 8. ponitOvz, 10. 10. in a nest, 9. in nido, 9. and sitting upon them, et incubans iis, hatcheth young ones, n. excludit Pullos, n. An Egg is cover'd Ovum tegitur with a Shell, 12. /«/a, 1 2. under which is sub qua est the White, 13. Albumen, 1 3 . in this the Yolk, 14. in hoc Vi tell us, 14.

Tame Fowls. XX. Aves Domesticae.

The Cock, 1. (which Gallus, 1 . •crowetl1 in the Morning.) (qui carnat mane.) ( a6 hath a Comb, 2. habet Cristam, 2. and Spurs, 3. & Calcaria, 3. being gelded, he is called castratus dicitur a Capon, and is crammed Capo & saginatur in a Coop, 4. in Ornithotrophico, 4. A Hen, 5. Gallina, 5. scrapeth the Dunghil, ruspatu r fimetum, and picketh up Corns: & colligit grana : as also the Pigeons, 6. sicut & Columba, 6, (which are brought up in (quae educantur in Colum a Pigeon-l1ouse, 7.) bario, 7.) and the Turkey-cock, 8. & Gallopavus, 8. with his Turkey-hen, 9. cum sua Meleagride, 9. The gay Peacock, 10. Formosus Pavo, 10. prideth in his Feathers. superbit pennis. The Stork, 1 1. Ciconia, n. buildeih her nest nidificat on the top of the House, in tecto. The Swallow, 12. Hirundo, 12. the Sparrow, 13. Passer, 13. the Mag-pie, 14. /Vra, 14. the Jackdaw, 15. Monedula, 15. and the Bat, 16. & Vespertilio, 16. (or Flettermouse) (Mus alatus) use to flie about Houses. volitant circa Domus.

Singing-Birds Oscines.

The Nightingal, \. sing- Luscinia (Philomela), 1. eth the sweetlyest of all. can tat suavissime omnium. The Lark, 2. singeth Alauda, 2. cantillat as she flyeth in the Air. volitans in acre; The Quail, 3. Coturnix, 3. sitting on the ground; sedens humi; others on the boughs of Caeterae, in ramis arbor- trees, 4. as the Canary-bird, um, 4. ut Luteola peregrina. the Chaffinch, Fringilla, the Goldfinch, Carduelis, the Siskin, Acanthis, the Linnet, Linaria, the little Titmouse, parvus Parus, the Wood-wall, Galgulus, the Robin-red-breast, Rubecula, the Hedge-sparrow, &c. Curruca, &c. The party colour'd Par- Discolor Psittacus, 5. ret, 5. the Black-bird, 6. Merula, 6. the Stare, 7. Sturnus, 7. with the Mag-pie cum Pica, and the Jay, learn & Monedula, discunt to frame men's words. humanas voces for1nare A great many are wont Pleraeque solent to be shut in Cages, 8. includi Caveis, 8. XXII. Birds that haunt the Fields and Woods.

Aves Campestres & Sylvestres. The Ostrich, 1. Struthio, 1. is the greatest Bird. ales est maximus. The Wren, 2. Regulus, 2. (Trochilus) is the least. minimus. The Owl, 3. Noctua, 3. is the most despicable. despicatissimus. The Whoopoo, 4. Upupa, 4. is the most nasty, sordidssimus, for it eateth dung. vesciturenim stercoribus. The Bird of Paradise, 5. Manucodiata, 5. is very rare. rarissimus. The Pheasant, 6. Phasianus, 6. the Bustard, 7. Tarda (Otis), 7. the deaf wild Peacock, 8. surdus, Tetrao, 8. the Moor-hen, 9. Attagen, 9. the Partrige, 10. Perdix, 10. the Woodcock, n. Gallinago (Rusticola), 11. and the Thrush, 12. & Turdus, 12, are counted Dainties. habentur in deliciis. Among the rest, Inter reliquas, the best are, potissimee sunt, the watchful Crane, 13. Grus, 13. pervigil. the mournful Turtle, 14. Turtur, 14. gemens. the Cuckoiv, 15. Cuculus, 15. the Stock-dove, Palumbes, the Speight, the Picus, Gotrrulus, the Crow, &c., 16. Comix, &c., 1 6. Ravenous Birds. XXIII. Aves Rapaces.

The Eagle, \ . Aquila, 1. the King of Birds Rex Avium, looketh upon the Sun, intuetur Solem. The Vulture, 2. Vultur, 2. and the Raven, 3. & Corvus, 3. r 3° feed upon Carrion. pascuntur morticinis, [cadaveribus.] The Kite, 4. pursueth Milvus, 4. insectatur Chickens. pullos gallinaceos. The Falcon, 5. . Falco, 5, the Hobbie, 6. Nisus, 6. and the Hawk, 7. & Accipiter, 7. catch at little Birds. captant aviculas. The Gerfalcon, 8. catch- Astur, 8. captat eth Pigeons and greater columbas & aves majores. Birds. Water-Fowl. XXIV. Aves Aquaticae.

The white Swan, 1. Oler, 1.candidus, the Goose, 2. Anser, 2. and the Duck, 3. & Anas, 3. swim up and down. natant. The Cormorant, 4, Mcrgus, 4. diveth. se mergit. And to these the water- Adde his Fulicam, hen.and the Pelican, &c.,10. Pelecanum, &c., 10. The Osprey, 5. Haliasetui, 5. and the Sea-mew, 6. & Gavia, 6. flying downwards devolantes, use to catch Fish, captant pisces, but the Heron, 7. sed Ardea, 7. standing on the Banks. stans in ripis. The Bittern, 8. putteth Butio, 8. his Bill in the water, and inferit rostrum aquae, belloweth like an Ox. & mugit ut bos. The Water-wagtail, 9. Motacilla, 9. waggeth the tail. motat caudam.

Flying Vermin. XXV. Insecta volantia.

The Bee, \ . maketh honey Apis, \. facit mel which the Drone,2. devour- quod Fucus, 2. depascit eth. The Wasp, 3. Vespa, 3. and the Hornet, 4. & Crabro, 4. molest with a sting; infestant oculeo ; and the Gad-Bee & Oestrum (or Breese), 5. (Asilus), 5. especially Cattel; imprimis pecus. (2 but the Fly, 6. autem Musca, 6. and the Gnat, 7. us. & Culex, 7. nos. The Cricket, 8. singeth. Gryllus, 8. cantillat. The Butterfly, 9. is a Papillio, 9. est winged Caterpillar. alata Eruca. The Beetle, 10. covereth Scarabaus, 10. tegit her wings with Cases. alas vaginis. The Glow-worm, n. Cicindela [Lampyris], n. shineth by night. nitet noctu.

XXVI. Four-Footed Beasts: and First those about the House.

Quadrupeda : & primum Domestica. The Dog, \ . Cants, 1. with the Whelp, 2. cum Catello, 2. is keeper of the House. est custos Domfts. The Cat, 3. Felts (Catus) 3. (33) riddeth the House purgat domum of Mice, 4. a- Muribus, 4. which also a quod etiam Mouse-trap, 5. doth. Muscipula, 5. facit. A Squirrel, 6. Sciurus, 6. The Ape, 7. Simia, 7. and the Monkey, 8. & Cercopithecus, 8. are kept at home habentur domi for delight. delectamento. The Dormouse, 9. and Glis, 9. & 0ther greater Mice, 10. caeteri Mures majores, 10. as, the Weesel, the Marten, ut, Mustela, Martes, and the Ferret, Viverra, trouble the House, infestant domum. Herd-Cattle. XXVII. Pec0ra.

The Bull, 1. the Cow, 2. Taurus, 1. Vacca, 2. and the Calf, •>,. & Vitulus, 3. are covered with hair. teguntur pilis. The Ram, the Weather, 4. Aries, Vervex, 4. the Ewe,^. and the Lamb, 6. <9w, 5. cum Agno, 6. bear wool. gestant lanam. E f 34; The He-goat, the Gelt- Hircus, Caper, 7. goat, 7. with the She-goat, 8. cum Capra, 8. and Kid, 9. have & Hado, 9. habent. shag-hair and beards. Villos & aruncos. The /fr,f, the Sow, 10. Porcus, Scrofa, 10. and the Pigs, \ \. cum Porcellis, 11. have bristles, habent .Si/to, but not llorns; at non Cornua ; but also cloven feet sed etiam Ungulas bisulcas as those others (have.) ut ilia. Labouring- Beasts. XXVIII. Jumenta.

Asinus, 1. and the .d/W

The Buff, 1. Urus, 1. and the Buffal, 2. & Bubalus, 2. are wild Bulls. sunt feri Boves. The Elke, 3. Alces, 3. being bigger than an major equo Horse (whose back is im (cujustergusest impene- penetrable) hath knaggy trabilis) habet ramosacor- horns as also theHart, 4. nua; ut & Cervus, 4. but the Roe, 5. and Sed Caprea, 5. the/ftW-tt//Aalmost none. cum Hinnulo, fer6 nulla. The Stone-back, 6. Capricornus, 6. huge great ones. praegrandia; The Wild-goat, 7. Rupicapra, j. hath very little ones, minuta, %.«* by which she hangeth quibus suspendit her self on a Rock. se ad rupem. The Unicorn, 8. Monoceros, 8. hath but one, habet unum, but that a precious one. sed pretiosum. The Boar, 9. assail- Aper, 9. eth one with his tushes. grassatur dentibus. The Hare, 1o. is fearful. Lepus, 10. pa vet. The Cony, n. Cuniculus, 1 1 . diggeth the Earth. perfodit terram ; As also the Mole, 12. Ut & Talpa, 12. which maketh hillocks. quae facit grumos. Wild-Beasts. XXX. Ferae Besitae.

Wild Beasts BestioR have sharp paws, and habent acutos ungues, & teeth, and are flesh eaters. denies, suntque carnivorae, As the Lyon, 1. Ut Leo, 1. the King of four-footed Rex quadrupedum, Beasts, having a mane; jubatus ; with the Lioness. cum Leand. The spotted Panther, 2. Maculosus, Pardo (Pan- thera) 2. (37 ) The Tyger, 3. Tygris, 3. the cruellest of all. immanissima omnium. The Shaggy Bear, 4. Villosus Ursus, 4. The ravenous Wolf, 5. Rapax Lupus, 5. The quick sighted Ounce, Lynx, 6. visu pollens, 6. The tayled fox, 7. Caudata Vulpes, j. the craftiest of all. astutissima omnium. The Hedge-hog, 8. Erinaceus, 8. is prickly. est aculeatus. The Badger, 9. Mclis, 9. delighteth in holes. gaudet latebris. XXXI. Serpents and Creeping things.

Serpentes & Reptilia. Snakes creep Angues repunt •by winding themselves; sinuando se; The Adder, 1. Coluber, I. in the wood; in Sylvd; The Water-snake, 2. Natrix, (hydra) 2. in the water; in Aqu&; The Viper, 3. Viper a, 3. amongst great stones. in saxis; The Asp, 4. in the fields. Aspis, 4, in campis. The Boa,(or Mild-snake) Boa, 5. 5. in Houses. in Domibus. The Slow-worm, 6. Cacilia, 6. is blind. est coeca. The Li22ard, 7. Lacerta, 7. and the Salamander, 8. Salamandra, 8. (that liveth long in fire) (in igne vivax,) habent have feet. pedes. The Dragon, 9. Draco, 9. a winged Serpent, Serpens alat us, killeth with his Breath. necat halitu. The Basilisk, 10. Basiliscus, 10. with his Eyes ; Oculis; And the Scorpion, n. Scorpio, 1 1 . with his poysonous tail. venenatd caudd.

Crawling-Vermin. XXXII. Insecta repentia.

[ Worms gnaw things. \ Vermes, rodunt res. ( 39 The Earth-worm, 1. Lumbricus, 1. the Earth. terram. The Caterpillar, 2. Eruca, 2. the Plant. plantam. The Grashopper, 3. Cicada, 3. the Fruits. Fruges. The Mite, 4. the Corn. Circulio, 4. Frumenta. The Timber-worm, 5. Teredo, (cossis) 5. Wood. Ligna. The Moth, 6. a garment. Tinea, 6. vestem. The Book-worm, 7. Blatta, 7. a Book. Librum. Maggots, 8. Termites, 8. Flesh and Cheese. carnem & caseum. Hand-worms, the Hair. Acari, Capillum. The skipping Flea, 9. Saltans Pulex, 9. the Lowse, 10. Pediculus, 10. and the stinking fcetans Cimex, \ 1. Wall-louse, 1 1. bite us. mordent nos. The Tike, 12. Ricinus, 12. is a blood-sucker. sanguisugus est. The Silk-worm, 13. Bombyx, 13. maketh silk. facit sericum. The Pismire, 14. Formica, 14. is painful. est laboriosa. The Spider, 15. Aranea, 15. weaveth a Cobweb, texit Araneum, nets for flies. retia muscis. The Snail, 16. carri- Cochlea, 16. eth about her Snail-horn. circumfert testam. XXXIII. Creatures that live as well by Water as by Land.

Amphibia. Creatures that live by Viventia land and by water, are in terrd & aqufi, sunt The Crocodile, 1. Crocodilus, \. a cruel and preying Beast immanis & praedatrix bes- of the River Nilus ; tia Nili fluminis ; The Castor or Beaver, 2. Castor, (Fiber) 2. having feet like a Goose, habens pedes anserinos and a scaly tail to swim. & squameam Caudam ad natandum. The Otter, 3. Lutra, 3. The croaking Frog, 4. & coaxans Rana, 4. with the Toad. cum Bufone. The Tortoise, 5. Testudo, 5. covered above and be Operta & infra, neath with shells, testis, as with a target. ceu scuto. XXXIV. River Fish and Pond Fish.

Pisces Fluviatiles & Lacustres. A Fish hath Fins, \. Piscis habet Pinnas, \. with which it swimmeth, quibus natat ; and Gills, 2. & Branchias, 2. by which it taketh breath, quibus respirat ; and Prickles & Spinas instead of bones: besides loco ossium : praeterea, the Male hath a Milt, Mas Lactes, and the Female a Row. Famina Ova. Some have Scales. Quidam habent Squamas, as the Carp, 3. ut Carpio, 3. and the Luce or Pike, 4. Lucius, (Lupus) 4. Some are sleek Alii sunt glabri, as the Eel, 5. ut, Anguilla, 5. and the Lamprey, 6. Mustela, 6. The Sturgeon, 7. Accipenser (Sturio), 7. having a sharp snout, mucronatus, crescit groweth beyond the ultra longitudinem viri. length of a Man. The Sheath-fish, 8. Silurus, 8. (4*) having wide Cheeks, bucculentus, is bigger than he : major illo est : But the greatest, Sed maximus is the Huson, 9. Antaseus (Huso,) 9. Minews, 10. Apua, 10. swimming by shoals, natantes gregatim, are the least. sunt minutissimae. Others of this sort are Alii hujus generis sunt the Perch, the Bley, Perca, Alburnus, the Barbel, Mullus, (Barbus) the Esch, the Trout, Thymallus, Trutta, the Gudgeon, and Trench, \ 1 . Gobius, Tinea, n. The Crab-fish, 12. is cov Cancer, 12. ered with a shell, and it tegitur crusta, hath Claws, and crawleth habetque chelas, & gradi- forwards and backwards. tur porro & retro. The Horse-leech, 13. Hirudo, 13. sucketh blood. sugit sanguinem. XXXV. Sea-fish, and Shell-fish. Marini pisces & Conchae.

The Whale, 1. is the Balana, (Cetus) 1. max greatest of the Sea-fish. imus Piscium marinorum. The Dolphin, 2. Delphinus, 2. the swiftest. velocissimus. The Scate, 3. Raia, •>,. the most monstrous. monstrossimus. Others are the Lamprel,$ Alii sunt Muranula, 4. the Salmon, or the Lax, 5. Salmo, (Esox) 5. There are also fish that Danturetiam volatiles,6. flie, 6. Add Herrings, j. Adde Haleces, 7. which arebroughtpickled, qui salsi, and Place, 8. and Cods, 9. & Passeresfi. cum Asellis,g. which are brought dry; qui adferuntur arefacti ; and the Sea monsters, & monstra marina, the Seal. 10. Phocam, 10. and the Sea-horse, &c. Hippopotamum, &c. Shell-fish, 1 1 . have Shells. Concha, 1 1 . habet testas, The Oyster, 12. Ostrea, 12. affordeth sweet meat. dat sapidam carnem. The Purple-fish, 13. Murex, 13. purple ; purpuram ; The others, Pearls, 14. Alii, 14. Margaritas. Man. XXXVI. Homo.

Adam, 1. the first Man, j Adamus, \. primus Homo, r 44; was made by God after formatus est a Deo his own Image the sixth ad Imaginem suam day of the Creation, of a sextd die Creationis, lump of Earth. e Gleba Terrae. And £ve, 2. Et Eva, 2. the first Woman, was made prima mulier, of the Rib of the Man. formata est e costd viri. These, being tempted Hi, seducti by the Devil under the abolo sub specie shape of a Serpent, 3. Serpentis, 3. when they had eaten of the cum comederent fruit of the forbidden Tree, de fructu vetita arboris, 4. 4. were condemned, 5. damnati sunt, 5. to misery and death, ad miseriam & mortem, with all their posterity, cum omni posteritate sua, and cast out of Paradise, 6. & ejecti e Paradiso 6. XXXVII. The Seven Ages of Man.

Septem States Hominis. A Man is first an Infant, \ . \ Homo est primum Infans, \ . then a -Boy, 2. deinde PZW, 2. then a Youth, 3. tum Adolescens, 3. then a Young-man, 4. inde yuvenis, 4. then a J/a«, 5. posted F», 5. after that an Elderly-man^, dehinc Senex, 6. and at last, a decrepid old tandem Silicernium, 7. man, j. So also in the other Sex, Sic etiam in altero there are, a GYr/, 8. sunt, /"a/a, 8. A Damosel, 9. a Maid, 10. Puella, 9. Virgo, 10. A Woman, 1 1 . Mulier, n. an elderly Woman, 12. and Vetula, 12. a decrepid old Woman, 13. Anus decrepita, 13. XXXVIII. The Outward Parts of a Man.

Membra Hominis Externa. The Head, \. is above, Caput, 1. est supra, the ^

In the Head are j [In Capite sunt the Hair, 1. Capillus, 1. {which is combed (qui pectitur with a Comb, 2.) Pec tine, 2.) two Ears, 3. Aures, 3. binae, the Temples, 4. & Tempora, 4. and the Face, 5. Fades, 5. In the Face are In facie sunt the Fore-head, 6. Frons, 6. both the Eyes, 7. Oculus, 7. uterque, the Nose, 8. Nasus, 8. (with two Nostrils) (cum duabus Naribus) the Mouth, 9. Os, 9. the Cheeks, 10. Gencs, (Malae) 10. and the Chin, 13. & Mentum, 13. The Mouth is fenced . Os septum est with a Mustacho, n. Mystace, u. and Z«>r, 12. & Labiis, 12. r 48 A Tongue and a Palate, Lingua cum Palato, and TVrfyi, 16. Dentibus, 16. in the Cheek-bone. in Maxilla. A Man's Chin Mentum virile is covered with a Beard,\$. tegitur Barba, 14. and the Eye Oculos vero (in which is the White (in quo Albugo and the Apple) & Pupilla) with eye-lids, palpabris, and an eye-brow, 15. & super cilio, 15. The Hand being closed Manus contracta, is a Fist, 17. Pugnus, 17. est being open is a Palm, 18. aperta, Palma, 18. in the midst, is the hollow, in medio £Wa, 19. 19. of the Hand, the extremity is the extremitas, Thumb, 20. Pol lex, 20. with four Fingers, cum quatuor Digitis, the Fore-finger, 21. Indice, 21. the Middle-finger, 22. Medio, 22. the Ring-finger, 23. Annulari, 23. and the Little-finger, 24. & Auriculari, 24. In every one are In quolibet sunt three joynts, a. b. c. articuli tres, a. b. c. and as many knuckles, d.e.f. & totidem Condyli, d. e. f. with a -Afa/7, 25. cum Ungue, 25. (49 ) The Flesh and Bowels. XL Caro & Viscera.

In the Body are the Skin In Corpore sunt Cutis with the Membranes, cum Membranis, the Flesh with the Muscles, Caro cum Musculis, the Chanels, Canales, the Gristles, Cartilagines, the Bones and the Bowels. Ossa & Viscera. The Skin,\. being pull'd Cute, 1. detracta, off, the Flesh, 2. appeareth, Caro, 2. apparet, not in a continual lump, non continual massd, but being distributed, as sed distributa, it were in stuft puddings, tanquam in farcimina, which they call Muscles, quos vocant Musculos, whereof thereare reckoned quorum numerantur four hundred and five, be quadringenti quinque, ing the Chanelsof the Spi canales Spirituum, rits, to move the Members. ad movendum Membra. The Bowels are the in Viscera sunt Membra in- ward Members : terna : As in the Head, the Utin Czpite,Cerebrum, 3. Brains,-!,- being compassed circumdatum Cranio, & about with a Skull, and (5°) the Skin which covereth Pericranio. the Skull. In the Breast, the Heart, In Pectore, Cor, 4. 4. covered with a thin obvolutum Pericardio, Skin about it, and theLungs, & Pulmo, 5. 5. breathing to and fro. respirans. In the Belly, In Ventre, the Stomach, 6. Ventriculus, 6. and the Guts, 7. & Intestina, 7. covered with a Caul. obducta Omento. The Liver, 8. Jecur, (Hepar) 8. and in the left side oppo & d sinistro oppositus site against it, the Milt, 9. ei Lien, 9. the two Kidneys, 10. duo Renes, 10. and the Bladder, \ 1 . cum Vesica, \\. The Breast Pectus is divided from the Belly dividitur d Ventre by a thick Membrane, crassd Membrand, which is called quae vocatur the Mid-riff, 12. Diaphragma, 12.

The Chanels and Bones. XLI. Canales & Ossa.

TheChanelsof the Body are | Canales Corporis sunt the Veins, carrying Vena deferentes the Blood from the Liver; Sanguinem ex Hepate ; The Arteries (carrying) Arteria, Color em Heart and Life from the & Vitam 6 Corde ; Heat ; The Nerves (carrying) Nervi, Sensum Sense and Motion et Motum, per throughout the Body from Corpus a Cerebro. the Brain. You shall find these Invenies haec tria, 1. three, 1. everywhere ubique sociata. joined together. Besides, from the Mouth Porrd, ab Ore into the Stomach is in Ventriculum the Gullet, 2. the Gula, 2. way of the meat and drink; via cibi ac potus ; & and by it to the Lights,the juxta hanc, ad Pulmonem We2and, 5. for breathing; Gutter,*;,- pro respiratione ; from the Stomach to the A ventriculo ad Anum Anus is agreat Intestine, 3. Colon, 3. to purge out the Ordure ; ad excernendum Stercus; from the Liver to the ab Hepate ad Vesicam, Bladder, the Ureter, 4. Ureter, 4. for making water. reddendae urinae. The Bones are Ossa sunt in the Head, the Skull, 6. in Capite, Calvaria, 6. the two Cheek-bones, 7. duae Maxilla, 7. cum with thirty-two Teeth, 8. XXXII. Dentibus, 8. Then the Back-bone, 9. Tum, Spina dorsi, 9. the Pillar of the Body, columna Corporis, consisting of thirty-four constans ex XXXIV. turning Joints, that the Vertebris, ut Corpus Body may bend it self. queat flectere se The Ribs, 10. whereof Costa, 10. there are twenty-four. quarum viginti quatuor. The Breast-bone, 1 1 . Os Pec tor is, 11. the two Shoulder-blades, 12. duae Scapula, 12. the Buttock-bone, 13. Os sessibuli, 13. the bigger Bone in the Lacerti, 15. Arm, 15 and the lesser Bone in the Arm. & Ulna. The Thigh-bone, 14. Tibia, 14. the foremost, 16. Fibula, 16. anterior, and the hindmost Bone, & posterior, 17. in the Leg, 17. The Bones of the Hand, Ossa Manus, 18. 18. are thirty-four, and sunt triginta quatuor, of the Foot, 19. thirty. Pedis, 19. triginta. The Marrow is in the Medulla est in Ossibus, Bones. XLII. The Outward and Inward Senses.

Sensus externi & interni. There are five outward Sunt quinque externi Senses ; Sensus ; The Eye, 1. seeth Col Oculus, 1. videt Colores, ours, what is white or quid album vel atrum, black, green or blew, viride vel coeruleum, red or yellow. rubrum aut luteum, sit. The Ear, 2. heareth Auris, 2. audit Sonos, Sounds, both natural, tum naturales, Voices and Words ; Voces & Verba ; and artificial, tum artificiales, f 53) Musical Tunes. Tonos Musicos. The Nose, 3. scenteth Nasus, 3, olfacit smells anil stinks. odores & foetores. The Tongue, 4. with the Lingua, 4. cum Palato roof of the Mouth tastes gustat Sapores, quid Savours, what is sweet or dulce aut amarum, acre bitter, keen or biting, sow aut acidum, acerbum aut er or harsh. austerum. The Hand, 5. by touch Manns, 5. tangendo ing discerneth the quan dignoscit quantitatem, tity and quality of things; & qualitatem rerum ; the hot and cold, calidum & frigidum, the moist and dry, humidum & siccum, the hard and soft, durum & molle, the smooth and rough, laeve & asperum, the heavy and light. grave & leve. The inward Senses are Sensus interni sunt tres. three. The Common Sense, j. Sensus Communis, 7. under the forepart of the sub sincipite head, apprehendeth apprehendit things taken from res perceptas the outward Senses. a Sensibus externis. The Phantasie, 6. Phantasia, 6. under the crown of the head sub vertice, judgeth of those things, dijudicat res istas, thinketh and dreameth, cogitat, somniat. The Memory, 8. Memoria, 8. under the hinder part of the sub ocdpitio, Stead,la.yeth up every thing recondit singula and fetcheth them out : & depromit : it loseth some, deperdit quaedam, and this is forgetfulness. & hoc est oblivio. Sleep, is Somnus, the rest of the Senses. est requies Sensuum. (54} The Soul of Man. XLIII. Anima hominis.

The Soul is the Life of Anima est vita the Body,one in the whole. corporis, una in toto. Only Vegetative'm Plants; Tantum Vegetativa in Plantis ; Withal Sensitive in Ani Simul Sensitiva in Ani- mals j malibus ; And also rational in Etiam Rationalis in Men. Homine. This consisteth in three Haec consistet in tribus: things; In the Understanding, In Mente (Intellectu) whereby it judgeth qud cognoscit, and understandeth & intelligit, a thing good and evil, bonum ac malum, or true, or apparent. velverum, vel apparens. In the Will, In Voluntate, whereby it chooseth, qua eligit, and desireth, & concupiscit, or rejecteth, and mis- aut rejicit, liketh a thing known. & aversatur cognitum. In the Mind, In Animo, whereby it pursueth quo prosequitur (55) the Good chosen or avoid- Bonum elcctum, eth the Evil rejected. vel fugit Malum rejectum. Hence is Hope and Fear Hinc Spes & Timor, in the desire, in cupidine, and dislike. & aversatione : Hence is Lwe and Joyt Hinc Amor & Gaudium, in the Fruition: in fruitione : But Anger and Grief, Sed Ira ac Dolor, in suffering. in passione. The true judgment of a Vera cognitio rei, thing is Knowledge ; est Scientia ; the false, is Error, falsa, Error, Opinion and Suspicion. Opinio, Suspicio. XLIV. Deformed and Monstrous People.

Deformes & Monstrosi. Monstrous and de Monstrosi, formed People are those & deformes sunt which differ in the Body abeuntes corpore from the ordinary shape, il communi forma. as the huge Gyant, 1. ut sunt, immanis Gigas, the little Dwarf, 2. nanus (Pumilio), 2. One with two Bodies, 3. Bicorpor, 3. One with two Heads, 4. Biceps, 4. and such like Monsters. & id genus monstra. Amongst these are reck His accensentur, oned, The jolt-headed, 5. Capito, 5. The great nosed, 6. Naso, 6. The blubber-lipped, 7. Labeo, 7. The blub-cheeked, 8. Bucco, 8. The goggle-eyed, 9. Strabo, 9. The wry-necked, 10. Obstipus, 10. The great-throated, 1 1 . Strumosus, \ \ . The Crump-backed, 12. Gibbosus, 12. The Crump-footed, 13. Loripes, 13. The steeple-crowned, 1 5 . C/70, 15. add to these adde The Bald-pated, 14. Calvastrum, 14. XLV. The Dressing of Gardens. Hortorum cultura.

We have seen Man: Vidimus hominem ; Now let us go on to Man's Jam pergamus r 57 Jiving, and to Handy-craft- ad Victum hominis, & ad Trades, which tend to it. Artes Mechanicas, quae huc faciunt. The first and most an Primus &antiquissimus cient sustenance, were the Victus, erant Fruits of the Earth. Fruges Terra. Hereupon the first la Hinc primus Labor bour of Adam, was Adami, .the dressing of a garden. Horti cultura. Tl1e Gardener, \. Hortulanus (Olitor), 1. diggeth in a Garden-plot, fodit in Viridario, with a Spade, 2. Ligone, 2. or Mattock, 3. aut Bipalio, v and maketh Beds, 4. facitque Pulvinos, 4. and places wherein to ac Plantaria, 5. plant Trees, 5. on which he setteth quibus inserit Seeds and Plants. Semina & Plantas. The Tree-Gardener, 6. Arborator, 6. planteth Trees, 7. plantat Arbores, 7. in an Orchard, in Pomario, and grafteth Cyons, 8. inseritque Surculos, 8. in Stocks, 9. Viviradicibus, 9. He fenceth his Garden, Sepit hortum •either by care, vel Cura, with a mound, 10. Muro, 10. or a Stone-wall, 1 1 . aut Macerie, II. or a rail, \ 2. aut Vacerra, 12. or Pales, 13. aut P lands, 13. or a Hedge, 14. aut .S<2te, 14. made of Hedge-stakes, flexd 6 sudibus and bindings ; & vitilibus ; Or by Nature, with Vel Natura Brambles and Bryers, 15. Dumis & Vepribus, 15. It is beautified Ornatur with Walks, 16. Ambulacris, 16. and Galleries, 17. & Pergulis, \ 7. It is watered Rigatur with Fountains, 18. Fontanis, 18. and a Watering-pot, 19. & Harpagio, 19.

Husbandry Agricultura.

The Plffui-man, 1. Arator, 1 . yoketh Oxen, 3. jungit Boves, 3. to a Plough, 2. Aratro, 2. and holding the Plow-stilt, & tertens Stivam, 4. 4. in his left hand, laevd, and the Plow-staff, 5. Rallum, 5. in his right hand, dextnt, with which he removeth quit amovet Clods, 6. Glebas, 6. he cutteth the Land, scindit terram (which was manured afore (stercoratam antea with Dung, 8.) Fimo, 8.) with a Share, 7. Vomere, 7. and a Coulter, et Den tali, and maketh furrows, 9. facitque Svleos, 9. Then he soweth Tum seminat the Seed, 10. Semen, 10. and harroweth it in & inoccat with a Harrow, \ 1. Orra, 1 1 . The Reaper, 12. Messor, 12. sheareth the ripe corn metit truges maturas with a Sickle, 13. gather- Falce messoris, 13. eth up the handfuls, 14. colligit Manipulos, 14. (59) undb1ndeththeSheaves, 15. & colligat Mergetes, 15. The Thrasher, 16. 7Wtor, 1 6. thrasheth Corn triturat frumentum on the Barn-floor, 17. in v4r

XLVII. Pecuaria. (b0) Tillage of ground, Cultus Agrorum, and keeping Cattle, & res pecuaria, was in old time the care antiquissimis temporibus, of Kings and Noble-men ; erat cura Regum,Heroum; at this Day only of the hodie tantum infirmae meanest sort of People. Plebis, The Neat-heard, 1. Bubulcus, 1. •calleth out the Heards, 2. evocat Armenta, 2. out of the Beast-houses, 3. £ Bovilibus, 3. with a Horn, 4. Buccina (Cornu), 4, and driveth them to feed. & ducit pastum. The Shepherd, 5. Opilio (Pastor), 5. feedeth his Flock, 6. pascit Gregem, 6. being furnished with a instructus Fistula, 7. Pipe, 7. and a Scrip, 8. & Pera, 8. and a Sheep-hook, 9. ut & Pedo, 9. having with him a great habens secum Molossum, Dog, 10. 10. fenced with a Collar, n. munitum Millo, u. against the Wolves. contra Lupos. Swine, 1 2. are .Stf«, 12. sagi- fed out of a Swine- Trough. nantur ex aqualiculo harcc. The Farmer's Wife, 13. Villica, 13. milketh the Udders mulget Ubera of the OH/, 1 5. vacca, 14. at the Cratch, 15. ad Prasepe, 15. over a milk-pale, 16. super mulctra, 16. and maketh Butter et facit Butyrum of Cream for

The Bees send out Apes emittunt a swarm, 1. and set over Examen, 1. adduntque illi it a Leader, 2. Ducem (Regem), 2. That swarm Examen illud, being ready to fly away is avolaturum, recalled by the Tinkling revocatur tinnitu of a bra2en Vessel, 3. Vasisanei, 3. and is put up & includitur into a new Hive, 4. novo Alveari, 4. They make little Cells Struunt Cellulas with six corners, 5. and sexangulares, 5. fill them with Honey-dew, et complent eas Melliginer and make Combs, 6. & faciunt Favos, 6. out of which the Honey 6 quibus Mel runneth, 7. effluit, 7. The Partitions being Crates melted by fire, liquati igne turn into Wax, 8. abeunt in Ceram, 8. (62) Grinding. XLIX. Molitura

In a Mill, 1. In Mola, a Stone, 2. runneth Lapis, 2. currit upon a stone, 3. super lapidem, 3, A Wheel, 4. Rota, 4. turning them about circumagente, et and grindeth Corn poured conterit grana infusa in by a Hopper, 5. per Infundibulum, 5. and parteth the Bran, 6. separatque Furfurem, 6. falling into the Trough, 7. decidentem in Cistam, 7. from the Meal slipping 4 Farina (Polline) through a Bolter, 8. elabente per Excussoriumfi. Such a Mill was first Talis Molaprimum fuit a Hand-mill, 9. Manuaria, 9. then a Horse-mill, 10. deinde Jumentaria, 10. then a Water-mill, n. tum Aquatica, n. then a. Ship-mill, 12. & Navalis, 12. tandem, and at last a Wind-mill, 13. (.pneumatica), 13.

Bread-baking. Panificium.

The Baker, 1. Pistor, \ . sifteth the Meal cernit Farinam in a Rindge, 2. Cribo, 2. (pollinario) and putteth it into the & indit Mactra, 3. Kneading-trough, 3. Then he poureth water Turn affundit aquam, to it and maketh Dough, 4. & facit Massam, 4. and kneadeth it depsitque with a wooden slice, 5. spatha, 5. ligned. Then he maketh Dein format Loaves, 6. Cakes, 7. Panes, 6. Placentas, 7. Cimnels, 8. Rolls, 9, &c. Similas, 8. Spiras, 9. &c. Afterwards he setteth Post imponii them on a. Peel, 10. Pala, 10. and putteth them thorow & ingerit Furno, 1 1. the Oven-mouth, 12. into the Oven, 1 1 . per Prafurnium, 12. But first hepullethout Sed pri1is eruit the fire and the Coals with ignem & Carbones a Coal-rake, 13. Rutabulo, 13. f which he layeth on a heap quos congerit underneath, 14. infra, 14. And thus is j9m/

Fishing. Piscatio.

The Fisher- man, \. catch- Piscator, 1 . captat eth fish, either on the pisces, sive in littore, Shoar, with an Hook, 2. Hamo, 2. which hangeth by a Line qui pendet//o from the angling-rod, ab arundine, on which theBait sticketh; & cui Esca inhaeret ; or with a Cleek-net, 3. sive Fundd, 3. which hangeth 0n a Pole, 4. quae pendens Pertica, 4. is put into the Water; immittitur aquae ; or in a Boat, 5. sive in Cymba, 5. with a Trammel-net, 6. Reti, 6. or with a Wheel, 7. sive Nassa, 7. which is laid in the Water quaa demergitur by Night. per Noctem.

Fowling,. Aucupium.

The Fowler, 1. maketh Auceps, 1. exstruit a Bed, 2, spreadeth Aream, 2. superstruit a Bird-net, ->,. illi Rete aucupatorium, 3. throweth a Bait, 4. upon obsipat Escam, 4. it, and hiding himself & abdens se in a Hut, 5. in Latibulo, 5. he allureth Birds, allicit Aves, by the chirping of Lure- cantu Illicum, birds, which partly hop qui partim in Area cur- upon the Bed, 6. runt, 6. and are partly shut in partim inclusi sunt Caveis, Cages, 7. and thus he en- 7. atque ita obruit tangleth Birds that fly transvolantes Aves Reti, over, in his net whilst they dum se demittunt : settle themselves down. Or he setteth Snares, 8. Aut tendit Tendiculas, 8. on which they hang and quibus suspendunt & strangle themselves : suffocant seipsas : Or setteth Lime-twigs, 9. Aut exponit Viscatoscal- on a Perch, 1o. amos, 9. Amiti, 10. G (66) upon which if they sit quibus si insident, they enwrap their Feath implicant pennas, ers, so that they cannot fly ut nequeant avolare, away, and fall down to the & decidunt in terram. ground. Or he catcheth them Aut captat with a Pole, 11. Per tic d, n. or a Pit-fall, 12. vel Dedpuld, 12. Hunting. LIII. Venatus.

The Hunter, \. Venator, 1. hunteth wild Beasts venatur Feras, whilst he besetteth a dum cingit Sylvam, Wood with Toyls, 2. Cassibus, 2. stretched out upon tentis super Shoars, 3. Faros, 3. (furcillas.) The Beagle, 4. track- Canis sagax, 4. eth the wild Beast or find- vestigat Feram, eth him out by the scent ; aut indagat odoratu ; the Tumbler,or Greyhound, Vertagus, 5. 5. pursueth it. persequitur. The Wolf, Lupus, falleth in a Pit, 6. incidit in Foveam,f>. (67) the Stag, 7. as he runneth fugiens Cervus, 7. away, into Toyls. in P lag as. The Boar, 8. Aper, 8. is struck through transverberatur with a Hunting-spear, 9. Venabulo, 9. TheBear, 10. Ursus, 10. is bitten by Dogs, mordetur a Canibus, and is knocked & tunditur with a Club, \ \ . Clavd, u. If any thing get away, Si quid effugit, it escapeth, 12. as here evadit, 12. ut hic a Hare and a Fox. Lepus & Vulpes.

Butchery. LIV. Lanionia.

The Butcher, 1. Lanio, 1. 2. mactat Pecudem altilem, 2. (The Lean, 3. (Vescula, 3. are not fit to eat.) non sunt vescenda.) He knocketh them down Prosternit with an Ax, 4. Clavd, 4. or cutteth their Throat. vel jugulat. with a Slaughter-knife, 5. Cunaculo, 5. he flayeth them, 6. excoriat (deglubit,) 6. and cutteth them in pieces, dissecatque and hangeth out the flesh & exponit carnes, to sell in the Shambles, 7. venum in Macello, 7. He dresseth a Swine, 8. Glabrat Suem, 8. with fire igne, or scalding water, 9. vel aqu& fervidd, 9. and maketh Gamons, 10. & facit Pernas, 10. Pistils, n. Petasones, 1 1 . and Flitches, 12. & Succidias, \ 2. Besides several Puddings, PraetereA Farcimina Chitterlings, 13. varia, Faliscos, 13. B I oo dings, 14. Apexabones, 14. Liver ings, 15. Tomacula, 15. Sausages, 16. Botulos, (Lucanicas) 16. The Fat, 17. and Adeps, 17. & Tallow, 18. are melted. Sebum, 18. eliquantur. Cookery. LV. Coquinaria.

Yeoman of the Larder, Promus Condus, 1. 1. bringeth f0rth Provision, profert Obsonia, 2. 2. out of the Larder, 3. 6 Penu, 3. The Cook, 4. taketh them Coquus, 4. accipit ea and maketh several Meats. & coquit varia Esculenta. He first pulleth off the Prius deplumat, Feathers ar.d draweth the & exenterat Aves, 5. Gutts out of the Birds, 5. " He scaleth and splitteth Desquamat & Fish, 6. exdorsuat Pisces, 6. He draweth some flesh Trajectat quasdem carnes with Lard, by means Lardo, ope of a Larding-needle, 7. Creacentri, 7. He caseth Hares, 8. Lepores, 8. exuit, then he boileth them in tum elixat 0//w, 9. Pots, 9. and Kettles, 10. & Cacabis, 10. on the Hearth, 1 1. in ^!w0, n. and scummeth them & despumat with a Scummer, 12. Lingula, 12. He seasoneth.things that Condit elixata, are boyled with Spices, Aromatibus, which he poundeth with a quae comminuit Pestil, 14. in a Morter, 13. Pistillo, 14. \nMortario, 13. or grateth with a Crater, 15. aut terit Raduld, 15. He roasteth some on Q uae dam as sat Verubus, Spits, 16. and with a Jack, 1 6. & Automato, 17. 17. or upon a Grid-iron, 18. vel super Craticulum, 18. Or fryeth them Vel frigit in a Frying-pan, 19. Sartagine, 19. upon a Brand-iron, 20. super Tripodem, 20. Kitchen utensils besides Fiwa Coquinaria prae- are, terea sunt, a Coal -rake, 21. Rutabulum, 21. a Chafing-dish, 22. Foculus (Ignitabulum), 22. a Trey, 23. «0, 23. (in which Dtshes, 24. and (in c|i1a Catini, 24. & Platters, 25. are washed), Patina, 25. eluuntur) a pair of Tongs, 26. Forceps, 26. a Shredding-knife, 27. Culter incisor ius, 27. a Colander, 28. Qualus, 28. a Basket, 29. Cor Ms, 29. and a Besom, 30. & Scopa, 30.

The Vintage. Vindemia.

Wine groweth Vinum crescit in the Vine-yard, \. in Vinea, 1. where Vines are propa ubi Vites propagantur, gated and tyed with Twigs & alljganiur viminibus to Trees, 2. ad A r bores, 2. or to Props, 3. vel ad Palos (ridicas), 3. or Frames, 4. vel ad "jfuga, 4 When the time of Grape- Cum tempus vindemi- gathering is come, they andi adest, abscindunt cut off the Bunches, Botros, and carry them in & comportant Measures of three Bushels, 5. Trimodiis, 5. and throw them into a Vat, conjiciuntque in Lacum,6. 6. and tread them calcant with their Feet, j. Pedibus. 7. or stamp them aut tundunt with a Wooden-Pestil, 8. Ligneo Pilo, 8. and squeeze out the juice & exprimunt succum in a Wine-press, 9. Torculari, 9. which is called Must, 11. qui dicitur Mustum, n. and being received & exceptum in a great Tul,, 10. Orc d, 10. it is poured into infunditur Hogsheads, 12. Vasis (Doliis), 12. it is st0pped up, 15. operculatur, 15. and being laid close in Cel & abditum in Cellis, lars upon Settles, 14. super Cantherios, 14. it becometh Wine. abit in Vinum. It is drawn out of the Promitur e Dolio Hogshead, with a Cock, 13. Siphone, 13. or Faucet, 16. aut Tubulo, 1 6. (in which is a Spigot) the (in quo est Epistomium) Vessel being unbunged. ! Vase relito. Brewing. LVII. Zythopoie.

Where Wine is not to be Ubi Vinum non habetur, had they drink Beer, bibitur Cerevisia (Zythus), which is brewed of Malt, 1. quae coquitur ex Byne, 1. and Hops, 2. & Lupulo, 2. in a Caldron, 3. in Aheno, 3. afterwards it is poured post effunditur into Vats, 4. in Lacus, 4. (7*) and when it is cold, & frigefactum. it is carried in Soes, 5, defertur Labris, 5. into the Cellar, 6. in Cellaria, 6. and is put into Vessels. & intunditur vasibus. Bran

When a Feast Cum Convivium is made ready, apparatur, the table is covered Mensa sternitur with a Carpet, 1 . Tapetibus, 1. and a Table-cloth, 2. & Mappa, 2. by the Waiters, tl Tricliniariis, who besides lay qui praetereA opponunt the Trenchers, 3. Discos (Orbes), 3. Spoons, 4. Cochlearia, 4. Knives, 5. Cultros, 5. with little Forks, 6. cum Fuscinulis, 6. Table-napkins, 7. Mappulas, 7. Bread, 8. Panem, 8. with a Salt-seller, 9. cum Salino, 9. Messes are brought Fercula inferuntur in Platters, 10. in Patinis, 10. . a ./Y

Line and Hemp Linum & Cannabis, being rated in water, macerata aquis, and dryed again, 1. et siccata rursum, 1. are braked contunduntur with a wooden Brake, 2. Frangibulo ligneo, 2. where the Shives, 3. fall ubi Cortices^ 3. decidunt down, then they are hec tum carminantur kled with an Iron Heckle, 4. Carmine ferreo, 4. where the Tow, 5. ubi Stupa, 5. is parted from it. separatur. Flax is tyed to a Distaff, Linum purum alligatur 6. by the Spinster, 7. Colo, 6. d Netrice, 7. which with her left hand quae sinistra pulleth out the Thread, 8. trahit Filum, 8. and with her right hand dexterd, 12. turneth a Wheel, 9. Rhombum (girgillum), 9. or a Spindle, 10. upon vel Fusum, 10. which is a Wharl, u. in quo Verticillus, n. The Spool receiveth Volva accipit the Thread, 13. Fila, 13. (7S) which is drawn thence inde deducuntur upon a Yarn-windle, 14. in A lab rum, 14. hence either Clews, 15. hinc vel Glomi, 15. are wound up, glomerantur, or Hanks, 16. are made. vel Fasciculi, 16. fiunt. Weaving. LX. Textura.

The Webster Textor undoeth the Clews, 1. diducit Glomos, \. into Warp, in Stamen, and wrappeth it about & circumvolvit the Beam, 2. JllgO, 2. and as he sitteth ac sedens in his Loom, 3. in Text ri no, 3. he treadeth upon the calcat Insilia, 4. Treddles, 4. with his Feet. pedibus. He divideth the Warp, 5. Diducit Stamen, 5. with Yarn. Liciis, and throweth the Shuttle, 6. & trajicit Radium, 6. through, in which is the in quo est Trama, W0ofe,a.nd striketh it close. ac densat. f 76J with the Sky, 7. Pec tine, 7. and so maketh atque ita conficit Linen cloth, 8. Linteum, 8. So also the Clothier Sic etiam Pannifex maketh Cloth of Wool. facit Pannum 6 Lana.

Linen Cloths. LXI. Lintea.

Lumen-webs Linteamina are bleached in the Sun, !• insolantur, 1. with Water poured on aqud perfusd, 2. them, 2. till they be white. donec candefiant. Of them the Sempster, 3. Ex iis Sartrix, 3. soweth Shirts, 4. suit Indusia, 4. Handkirchers, 5. Muccinia, 5. Bands, 6. Caps, &c. Collaria, 6. Capitia, &c. These if they be fouled, Hxc, si sordidentur are washed again lavantur rursum, by the Laundress, 7. in a Lot rice, 7. aqud, water, or Lye and Sope. sive Lixivio ac Sapone.

The Taylor. Sartor.

The Taylor, 1. cutteth Sartor, 1. discindit Cloth, 2. with Shears, 3. and Pannum, 2. Forfice, 3. seweth it together with a consuitque /4r« & Needle and double thread, 4. duplicato, 4. Then he presseth the Posteii complanat Seams with a Pressing-iron, turas Ferramento, 5. 5. And thus he maketh Sicque conficit Coats, 6. Tunicas, 6. with Plaits, 7. Plicatas, 7. in which the Border, 8. is in quibus infra est below with Laces, 9. £r/a, 8. cum Institis, 9. Cloaks, 10. Pallia, 10. with a Cape, u. cum Patagio, 1 1. and Sleeve Coats, 12. & Togas Manicatas, \ 2. Doublets, 13. Thoraces, 13. with Buttons, 14. cum Globulis, 14. and Cw/i, 15. & Mania's, 15. Breeches, 16. Caligas, 16. ali- sometimes with Ribbons, 17. quando cum Lemniscis, 17. Stockins, 18. Tibialia, 18. Gloves, 19. Chirothecas, 19. Muntero Caps, 20. &c. Amiculum, 20. &c. So the Furrier Sic Pellio maketh Furred Garments facit Pellicia of Furs. 6 Pellibus. The Shoemaker. LXIII. Sutor.

The Shoemaker, \. Sutor, 1. maketh Slippers, 7. conficit Crepidas (San- Shoes, 8. dalia,) 7. Calccos, 8. (in which is seen (in quibus spectatur above, the Upper-leather, superne Obstragulum, beneath the Sole, in feme Solea, and'on both sides et utrinque the Latchets) Ansa) Boots, 9. Ocreas, 9. and High Shoes, 10. et Perones, 10. of Leather, 5. e Corio, 5. (which is cut with a (quod discinditur Cutting-knife), 6. Scalpro Sutorio, 6.) by means of an Awl, 2. ope Subula, 2. and Lingel, 3. et Fili//V0A', 3. upon a Last, 4. super Modum, 4.

The Carpenter. Faber lignarius.

We have seen Man's food Hominis victum & ami- and clothing : now his ctum, vidimus: sequitur Dwelling followeth. nunc Domicilium ejus. At first they dwelt Primo habitabant in Caves, t. then in in Specubus, 1. deinde in Booths or Huts, 2. Tabernaculis vel Tuguriis,2. and then again in Tents, 3. tum etiam in Tentoriis, 3. at the last in Houses. demum in Domibus. The Woodman Lignator felleth and heweth down sternit & truncat Trees, 5. with an Ax, 4. Arbores, 5. Securi, 4. the Boughs, 6. remaining. remanentibus Sarmentis, 6. He cleaveth Knotty Wood Findit Nodosum, with a Wedge, 7. Lignum Cuneo, 7. which he forceth in quem adigit with a Beetle, 8. Tudite, 8. and maketh Wood-stacks, 9. & componit Strues, 9. The Carpenter Faber Lignarius squareth Timber ascit Ascia, 10. with a Chip-Ax, 10. Afateriem, whence Chips, n. fall, and unde Assula, 11. cadunt, saweth it with a Saw, 12. & serrat Serrd, 12. where the Saw-dust, 13. ubi Scobs, 13. talleih down. decidit. Afterwards he lifteth Post elevat the Beam upon Tressels, 14. Tignum super Canterios, 14- by the help of a Fully, 1 5. ope Trochlea, 15. fasteneth it affigit with Cramp-irons, 16. Ansis, 1 6. and marketh it out & lineat with a Line, 17. Amussi, 17. Thus he frameth Tum compaginat the Walls together, 18. Parietes, 18. and fasteneth the great & configit trabes pieces with Pins, 19. Clavis trabalibus, 19. The Mason. LXV. Faber Murarius,

The Mason, 1. Faber Murarius, I. layeth a Foundation, ponit Fundamentum, and buildeth Walls, 2. & struit Muros, 2. Either of Stones Sive 6 Lapidibus, which the Stone-digger get- quos Lapidarius teth out of the Quarry, 3. eruit in Lapicidina, 3. (S\) and the Stone-cutter, 4. & Latomus, 4. squareth by a Rule, 5. conquadrat ad Normam, 5. Or of Bricks, 6. Sive 6 Later ibus, 6. which are made qui formantur, of Sand and Clay ex Arena & Luto, steeped in water, aqua intritis and are burned in fire. & excoquuntur igne. Afterwards he plaister- Dein crustat eth it with Lime, Calce, by means of a Trowel, ope Tr u lla, 7. and garnisheth with a & vestit Tectorio, 8. Rough-cast, 8. Engines. LXVI. Machinae.

One can carry Unus potest ferre as much by thrusting tantum trudendo a Wheel-bar roni', 3. Pabonem, 3. before him, (having ante se, an Harness, 4. hanging on his neck,) as two men Suspensd a Collo) quan can carry on a Colestaff, \. tum duo possunt ferre or Hand-barrow, 2. Palangd, vel Feretro, 2. f 82 But he can do more that Plus autem potest quipro- rolleth a Weight laid upon volvit Molem impositam Rollers, 6. with a Leaver, 5. Phalangis (Cylindris, 6.) A Wind-beam, 7. Vecte, 5. Ergata, 7. is a post, which is est columella, quae turned by going about it. versatur circumeundo. A Crane, 8. Geranium, 8. hath a Hollow-wheel, habet Tympanum, in which one walking cui inambulans quis draweth weights out of a extrahit pondera navi, Ship, or letteth them down aut demittit in navem. into a Ship. A Rammer, 9. Fistuca, 9. is used to fasten adhibetur ad pangendum Piles, 10. Sublicas, 10. it is lifted with a Rope adtollitur Fune drawn by Pullies, 11. tracto per Trochleas, n. or with hands, vel manibus, if it have handles, 1 2. si habet ansas, 12. A House. LXVII. Domus.

The Porch, 1. Vestibulum, I is before the Door est ante of the House. Domtis. f8 The Door hath Janua habet a Threshold, 2. Limen, 2. and a Lintel, 3. & Superliminare, 3. and Posts, 4. on both sides. & Postes, 4. utrinque. The Hinges, 5. Car dines, 5. are upon the right hand, sunt a dextris, upon which the Doors, 6. d quibus pendent Fores, 6. hang, the Latch, 7. Claustrum, 7. and the Bolt, 8. aut Pessulus, 8. are on the left hand. a sinistris. Before the House Sub aedibus is a Fore-court, 9. est Cavadium, 9. with a Pavement Pavimento • of square stones, 10. Tessellato, 10. born up with Pillars, u. fulcitum Columnis, u. in which is the Chapiter, 12. in quibus Peristylium, \2. and the Base, 13. & Basis, 1 3. They go up into the up Ascenditur in superiores per Stories by Greess, 14. contignationes per Scalas, and Winding-stairs, 15. 14. & Cocklidia, 15. The Windows, 16. Fenestra, 16. appear on the outside, apparent extrinsecus, and the Grates, 17. & Cancelli (clathra), 17. the Galleries, 18. Pergula, 18. the Water tables, 19. Suggrundia, 19. the Butteresses, 20. & Fulcra, 20. to bear up the walls. fulciendis muris. On the top is the Roof, 2 1. In summoest Tectum, a1. covered with Tyles, 22. contectum Jmbricibus (teg- or Shingles, 23. ulis), 22. vel Scandulis, 23. which lie upon Laths, 24. quae incumbunt Tigillis, and these upon Rafters, 25. 24. haec Tignis, 25. The Eaves, 26. 7Vffe adhaeret adhere to the Roof. Stillicidium, 26. The place without a Roof Locus sine Tecto is called an open Gallery, 27. dicilur Subdiale, 27. In the Roof are In Tecto sunt Jettings out, 28. Meniana, 28. and Pinnacles, 29. & Coronides, 29. r s4 A Mine. LXVIII. Metallifodina.

Miners, \. Metalli fossores, I. go into the Grave, 2. ingrediuntur Puteum fod- by a Stick, 3. ina, 2. Bacillo, 3, or by Ladders, 4. sive Gradibus, 4. with Lanthorns, 5. cum Lucernis, 5. and dig out with a & effodiunt Ligone, 6. Pick, 6. the Oar, terrain Metallicam, which being put in Baskets^ quae imposita Corbibus, 7. 7. is drawn out with a /V/f, extrahitur .Ftf//c', 8. 8. by means of a Turn, 9. ope Machincs tractoria, 9. and is carried & defertur to the Melting-house, 10. in Ustrinam, 10. where it is forced with fire, ubi urgetur igne, that the Metal may run ut Metallum, 12. profluat out, 12. the Dross, n. is Scona, 11. abjiciuntur thrown aside. scorsim.

The Blacksmith. Faber Ferrarius.

The Blacksmith, \ . Faber ferrarius, I. in his Smithy (or Forge), 2. in Ustrina (Fabricd), 2. bloweth the fire inflat ignem with a pair of Bellows, 3. Folle, 3. which he bloweth quem adtollit with his Feet, 4. Pede, 4. and so heateth the Iron : atq; itacandefacit Ferrum: And then he taketh it Deinde eximit out with the Tongs, 5. Forcipe, 5. layeth it upon the Anvile, 6. imponit Incudi, 6. and striketh it & cudit with an Hammer, 7. Malleo, 7. where the sparks, 8. fly off. ubi Strictura, 8. exiliunt. And thus are hammer'd Et sic excuduntur, out, Nails, 9. Clavi, 9. Horse-shoes, 10. Solea, 10. Cart-strakes, 1 1 . Canthi. \ \ . Chains, 12. Cateno;, 12. Plates, Locks and Keys, Lamina, Seracum Clavibus, Hinges, &c. Cardines, &c. He quencheth hot Irons Restinguit cadentia, in a Cool-trough. Ferramenta in Lacn. LXX. The Box-maker and the Turner.

Scrinarius & Tornator. The Box-maker, 1. Arcularius, 1 . smootheth hnven Boards, 2. edolat Asseres, 2. with a Plain, 3. Runtina, 3. upon a work-board, 4. he in Tabula, 4. maketh them very smooth deplanat with a little-plain, 5. Planula, 5. he boreth them thorow perforat (terebrat) with an Augre, 6. carv- Terebra, 6. eth them with a Knife, 7. sculpit Cultro, 7. fasteneth them together combinat with Glewz'RACramp-Irons, Glutine & Subscudibus, 8. 8. and maketh Tables, 9. & facit Tabulas, 9. Boards, 10. Mensas, 10. Chests, n. &c. Arcas (Cistas), n. &C. The Turner, 12. Tornio, 12. sitting over the Treddle,\^. sedens in /w/7/, 13. turneth with a Throw, 15. tornat Torno, 15. f 87) upon a Turner's Bench, 14. super Scamno Tornatorio, Bowls, 16. Tops, 17, 14. Globos, 1 6. Conos, 17. Puppets, 1 8. and Icunculas, 18. & such like Turners Work. similia Toreumata, The Potter. LXXI. Figulus.

The Potter, 1. Figulas, \. sitting over a Wheel, 2. sedens super Rota, 2. maketh Pots, 4. format Ollas, 4. Pitchers, 5. Urceos, 5. Pipkins, 6. Tripodes, 6. Platters, 7. Patinas, 7. Pudding-pans, 8. Piwa testacea, 8. 9- Fidelias, 9. 10. &c. Opercula, 10. &c. ef Potter's Clay, 3. ex Argilld, 3. afterwards he baketh them postea excoquit in an Oven, n. in Fur no, \ \. and glazeth them & incrustat with White Lead. Lithargyro. A broken Pot affordeth Fracta Olla dat Pet-sheards, 12. 12. (it) The Parts of a House. LXXII. Partes Domus

A House is divided Domus distinguitur into inner Rooms, in Conclavia, such as are the Entry, 1. ut sunt Atrium, \, the Ste, 2. Hypocaustum, 2. the Kitchen, 3. Cella Penuaria, 4. the Buttery, 4. Canaculum, 5. the Dining Room, 5. Camera, 6. Cubiculum, 7. . the Gallery, 6. cum Secessu (Latrina), 8. the Bed Chamber, 7. with adstructo. a Privy, 8. made by it. Baskets, 9. Cor be s, 9. are of use for carrying inserv1unt rebus things. transferendis, and Chests, 10. (which are Arca, 10. made fast withaA'

Hypocaustum cum Dormitorio. The Stove, 1. Hypocaustum, I. is beautified ornatur with an Arched Roof , 2. Laqueari, 2. and wainscoted Walls, 3. & tabulatis Parietibus, 3, It is enlightened Illuminatur with Windows, 4. Fenes tr is, 4. It is heated Calefit with an Oven, 5. Fornace, 5. Its Utensils are Ejus Utensilia sunt Benches, 6. Scamna, 6. Stools, 7. &//«, 7. Tables, 8. Mensa, 8. with Tressels, 9. cum Fulcris, 9. Footstools, 10. ac Scabellis, 10. and Cushions, \ \ . & Culcitris, 1 1 . There are also Tapestries Appenduntur etiam hanged, 12. Tapetes, 12. For soft lodging Pro levi cubatu, in a Sleeping-room, 13. in Dormitorio, 13. there is a Bed, 14. est Lectus, (Cubile) 14. spread on a Bed-sted, 15. stratus in Sponda, 15. upon a Straw-pad, 16. super Stramentum, 16. with Sheets, 17. cum Lodicibus, 17. and Cover-lids, 18. & Stragulis, 18. The Bolster, 19. Cervical, 19. is under ones head. est sub capite. The Bed is covered Canopeo, 20. with a Canopy, 20. Lectus tegitur. A Chamber-pot, 21. Matula, 2 1 . is for making water in. est vesicae levandae. Wells. LXXIV. Putei.

Where Springs are want Ubi Pontes deficiunt, ing, Wells, 1. are digged. Putei, 1. effodiuntur, and they are compassed & circumdantur about with a Brandrith, 2. Crepidine, 2. lest any one fall in. ne quis incidat. Thence is water drawn Inde aqua hauritur with Buckets, 3. Urnis (situlis), 3. hanging either at a Pole, 4. pendentibus vel Pertica, 4. or a Rope, 5 . vel ^a«

He that desireth to be Qui cupit lavari wash'd in cold water, aqua- frigidd, goeth down into a Jtiver, 1. descendit in Fluvium, \. In a Bathing-house, 2. In Balneario, 2. we wash off the filth abluimus squalores, either sitting in a Tub, 3. sive sedentes in Labro, 3. or going up sive conscendentes into the Hot-house, 4. in Sudatorium, 4. r 92; and we are rubbed & defricamur with a Pumice-stone, 6. Pumice, 6. or a Hair-doth, 5. aut Cilicio, 5. In the Stripping -room, 7. In Apodyterio, 7. we put off our clothes, exuimus Vestes, and are tyed about & praecingimur Castula with an Apron, 8. (Subligari), 8. We cover our Head Tegimus caput with a Cap, 9. Pileolo, 9. and put our feet & imponimus pedes into a Bason, 1o. Telluvio, 10. The Bath-woman, \ \ . Balneatrix, 1 1 . reacheth water in a Bucket, ministrat aquam Situla, 1 2. 12. drawn out of the haustam ex Alveo, 13. Trough, 13. into which it in quem defluit runneth out of Pipes, 14. 6 Canalibus, \\. The Bath-keeper, 15. Balnea tor, 15. lanceth with a Lancet, 16. scarificat Scalprc, 16. and by applying & applicando Cupping-glasses, 17. Cucurbitas, 17. he draweth the Blood extrahit Sanguinem betwixt the skin and the subcutaneum, flesh, which he wipeth quem abstergit away with a Sf>unge, 18. Spongid, 1 8.

The Barbers Shop. Tonstrina.

The Barber, r. Tonsor, 1. in the Barbers-shop, 2. in Tonstrina, 2. cutteth off the Hair tondet Crines and the Beard & Barbam with a pair of Si22ars, 3. Forcipe, 3. or shaveth with a Ra2or, vel radit Nwaculd, which he taketh quam depromit out of his Case, 4. 6 Theca, 4. And he washeth one Et lavat over a Bason, 5. super Pelvim, 5. with Suds running Lixivio defluente out of a Laver, 6. 6 Gulturnio, 6. and also with Sope, 7. ut & Sapone, -j. and wipeth him & tergit with a Towel, 8. Li n teo, 8. combeth him with a Comb, pectit Pectine, 9. 9. and curleth him crispat with a Crisping Iron, 1o. Calamistro, 10. Sometimes he cutteth a Interdum secat Venam Vein with a Pen-knife, 1 1 . Scalpello, 1 1 . where the Blood spirteth ubi Sanguis propullulat, out, 12. 12. (9*) The Chirurgeon cureth Chirurgus curat Wounds. Vulnera. The Stable. LXXVII. Equilc.

The Horse-keeper, I. Stabularias (Equiso), 1. cleaneth the Stable purgat Stabulum from Dung, 2. a Fimo, 2 . He tyeth a Horse, 3. Alligat Equum, 3. with a Halter, 4. Capistro, 4. to the Manger, 5. ad Prasepe, 5. or if he apt to bite, aut si mordax he maketh him fast constrir.git with a Mu22le, 6. Fiscella, 6. Then he streweth Litter, Deinde substernit Stra- 7. under him. menta, 7. He winnoweth Oats Ventilat Avenam, with a Van, 8. Vanno, 8. (being mixt (Paleis mixtam, ac de- with Chaff, and taken out promptam il Cista Pabula- of a Chest, 10.) toria, 10.) and with them feedeth the c&que pascit equum, Horse, as also with Hay, 9. ut & Fano, 9. (95} Afterwards he leadeth Postea ducit him to the Watering-trough, ad Aquarium, \ 1 . n. to water. aquatum. Then he rubbeth him Tum detergit with a Cloth, 12. Panno, 12. combeth him depectit with a Curry-comb, 15. Strigili, 15. covereth him insternit with an Housing-cloth, 14. Gausape, 14. and looketh upon his Hoofs & inspicit Soleas, whether the Shoes, 13. an Calcei ferrei, 13. be fast with the Nails. firmis Clavis haereant. Dials. LXXVII. Horologia.

A Dial Horologium measureth Hours. dimetitur Horas. A Sun-dial, \. Solarium, 1. sheweth by the shadow ostendit umbrd of the Pin, 2. Gnomonis, 2. what a Clock it 1s ; quota sit Hora ; either on a Wall, sive in Pariete, or a Compass, 3, sive in Pyxide Magnetica, 3. An Hour-glass, 4. Clepsydra, 4. (<)*>) sheweth the four parts of ostendit partes horae qua- an hour by the running of tuor, fluxu Arena, Sand, heretofore of water. olim aquae. A Clock. 5. Automaton, 5. numbereth also the numerat etiam Hours of the Night, by Nocturnas Horas, the turning of the Wheels, circulatione Rotarum, the greatest whereof quarum maxima is drawn by a Weight, 6. trahitur A Pondere, 6. and draweth the rest. & trahit caeteras. Then either the Bell, 7. Tum vel Campana, 7. by its sound, being struck sonitu suo, percussd on by the Hammer, or the a Malleolo, vel Index extra. Hand, 8. without, by its Circuitione sua motion about sheweth the indicat horam. hour. The Picture. LXXIX, Pictura.

Pictures, 1. Pictura, 1. delight the Eyes oblectant Oculos and adorn Rooms. & ornant Conclavia. The Painter, 2. Pic tor, 2. painteth an Image pingit Effigicm (97 ) with a Pencil, 3. Penicilio, 3. in a Table, 4. in Tabula, 4. upon a Case-frame, 5. super Pluteo, 5. holding his Pollet, 6. in his tenens Orbem Pictorium, 6. left hand, in sinistra, on which are the Paints in quo Pigmenta which were ground by the quae terebantur a Boy, 7. on a Marble. puero, 7. in mar more. The Carver Sculptor, and Statuary & Statuarius carve Statues, 8. exsculpunt Statuas, 8. of Wood and Stone. 6 Ligno & Lapide. The Graver Collator and the Cutter & Scalptor grave Shapes, 10. insculpit Figuras, 10. and Characters & Characteres, with a Graving Chesil, 9. Co>lo, 9. in Wood, Brass, Ligno, ^Eri, and other Metals. aliisque Metallis. Looking-glasses. LXXX. Specularia.

Looking-glasses, \. Specularia, 1. i f 98; are provided that Men parantur, ut homines may see themselves. intueantur seipsos. Spectacles, 2. Perspicilla, 2. that he may see better, ut cernat acius who hath a weak sight. qui habet visum debilem. Things afar off are seen Remota videntur in a Perspective Glass, 3. per telescopium, 3. as things near at hand. ut proxima. A Flea appeareth Pulex, 4. in a muliplying-glass, 4. in Microscopio apparet like a little hog. ut porcellus. The Rays of the Sun, Radii Solis burn wood accendunt ligna through a Burning-glass, 5. per Vitrum urens, 5. The Cooper. LXXXI. Vietor.

The Cooper, 1. Vietor, 1. having an Apron, 2, tied amictus Pracinctorio, i. about him, maketh Hoops facit Circulos, of Ha2el-rods, 3. 6 Virgis Colurnis, 3. upon a cutting-block, 4. super Sellam incisoriam, 4. with a Spoke-Shave, 5. Scalpro bimanubriato, 5. (99} and Lags, 6. of Timber, & Assulas, 6. ex Ligno. Of Lags he maketh Hogs Ex Assulis conficit heads, 7. and Pipes, 8. Dolia, 7. & C«/af, 8. with two Heads ; Fundo bino; and Tubs, 9. tum Lacus, 9. Aw, 10. Labra, 10. Flaskets, n. Pitynas [Trimodia], n. Buckets, 12. & Situlas, 12. with one Bottom. fun do uno. Then he bindeth them Postea vincit with Hoops, 1 3. Circuits, 13. which he tyeth fast quos ligat with small Twigs, 15. Viminibus, 15. by means of a Cramp-iron, 0pe Falcis vietoria, 14. 14. and he fitteth them on aptat with a Mallet, 16. Tudite, 1 6. and a Driver, 17. ac Tudicula, 17. LXXXII. The Roper, and the Cordwainer.

Restio, & Lorarius. The Aoper, 1. Restio, twisteth Cords, 2. contorquet Funes, 2. of Tow, or Hemp, 4. & Stupa, 4. vel Cannabi, (which he wrappeth about quam circumdat himself) by sibi the turning of a Wheel, 3. agitatione Rotula, 3. Thus are made Sic limn, first Cords, 5. primd Funiculi, 5. then Ropes, 6. tum Restes, 6. and at last, Cables, 7. tandem Rudentes, 7. The Cord-wainer, 8. Lt, ran us, 8. cutteth great Thongs, 10. scindit Loramenta, 10. Bridles, \ \ . Frana, 1 1 . Girdles, 12. Cingula, 12. Sword-belts, 13. Baltheos, 13. Pouches, 14. Crumenas, 1 4. Port-mantles, 15. &c. Hippoperas, 15., &c. out of a Beast-hide, 9. de ww bubulo, 9. The Traveller. LXXXIII.

A Traveller, \. beareth on his shoulders portat humeris (101) in a Budget, 2. in Bulga, 2. those things quae non capit which his Satchel, 3. Funda, 3. orPouch, 4. cannot hold. vel Marsupium, 4. He is covered Tegitur with a Cloak, 5. Lacernd, 5. He holdeth a Staff, 6. in Tenet Baculum, 6. Manu his hand wherewith quo to bear up himself. se fulciat. He hath need of Opus habet Provision for the way, Viatico, as also of a pleasant and ut & fido & facundo merry Companion, 7. Comite, j. Let him not forsake the Non deserat Viam High-road, 9. for a Foot regiam propter Semitam, I. way, 8. unless it be a nisi sit beaten Path- Callis tritus. By-ways, 10. Avia, 10. and places where huo ways & Bivia, n. meet, 1 I . deceive and lead men aside fallunt & seducunt, into uneven-places, 12. in Salebras, 12. so do not By-paths, 13. non aequ6 Tramites, 13. and Cross-ways, 14. & Compita, 14, Let him therefore en Sciscitet igitur quire of those he meeteth, obvios, 15. \ 5. which way he must go; quA sit eundum ; and let him take heed & caveat of Robbers, 16. Prcedones, 16. as in the way, so also ut in i-iii, sic etiam in the Inn, 17. where in Diver sorio, 17. he lodgeth all Night. ubi pernoctat.

The Horse-man. Eques.

The Horse-man, 1. Eques, 1 . setteth a Saddle, 2. imponit Equo, 2. on his Horse, 3. Ephippium, 3. and girdeth it on idque succingit with a Girth, 4. Cingulo, 4. He layeth a Saddle-cloth, Insternit etiam Dorsualef 5. also upon him. 5- He decketh him with Ornat eum Trappings, a Fore-stall, 6. Phaleris, Frontali, 6. a Breast-cloth, 7. Antilena, 7. and a Crupper, 8. & Postilena, 8. Then he getteth upon Deinde insilit in his Horse, putteth his feet Equum, indit pedes into the Stirrops, 9. tak- Stapedibus, 9. eth the Bridle-rein, 10. n. capessit Lorum (habe- in his left hand, wherewith nam),1o. Freni, n. sinistni he guideth and holdeth quo flectit, & retinet the Horse. Equum. Then he putteth to Tum admovet his Spurs, 12. Calcaria, 12. and setteth him on incitatque with a Switch, 13. Virgula, 13. and holdeth him in & coercet with a Musrol, 14. Postomide, 14. The Holsters, 15. Bulga, 15. hang down from the Pum pendent ex Apice mel of the Saddle, \ 6. Ephippii, 16. in which the Pistols, 17. quibus Sdopi, 17. are put. mseruntur. The Rider is clad in a Ipse Eques induitur short Coat, 18. Chlamyde, 1 8. his Cloak being tyed be Lacernd revinctd, 19. hind him, 19. a tergo. A Post, 20. Veredarius, 20. is carried on Horseback fertur Equo at full Gallop. cursim. Carriages. LXXXV Vehicula.

We are carried on a Sled, Vehimur Trahd, I. 1. over Snow and Ice. super Nivibus & Glacie. A Carriage with one Vehiculum unirotum, Wheel, is called a Wheel- dicitur Pabo, 2. tar row, 2. with two Wheels, a Cart, 3. birotum, Carrus, 3. with four Wheels.a Wagon, quadrirotum, Currus, which is either qui vel a Timber-wagon, 4. Sarracum, 4. or a Load-wagon, 5. vel Plaustrum, 5. The parts of the Wagon Partes Currus sunt, are, the Neep (or draught- 7V«0, 6. tree), 6. the Beam, 7. Jugum, 7. the Bottom, 8. Compages, 8. and the A'

The Coach-man, \. Auriga, 1. joineth a Horse fit to match jungit Parippum, 2. Sella- a Saddle-horse, 2, 3. rio, 3. to the Coach-tree, ad Temonem, with Thongs or Chains, 5. Loris vel Ca tenis, 5. hanging down from the dependentibus Collar, 4. de Helcio, 4. Then he sitteth upon Deinde insidet the Saddle-horse, Sellario, and driveth them that go agit ante se antecessores,6. before him, 6. with a Whip, 7. Scuticd, 7. and guicleth them & flectit with a String, 8 Funibus, 8. He greaseth the Axle-tree Ungit Axem with Axle-tree grease Axungid, out of a Grease-pot, 9. ex vase unguentorio, 9. and stoppeth the wheel & inhibet rotam with a Trigen, 10. Sufflamine, 10. f 1 in a steep descent. in praecipiti descensu. And thus the Coach is Et sic aurigatur driven along the Wheel- per Orbitas, n. ruts, n. Great Persons are carryed Magnates vehuntur with six Horses, 12. Sejugibus, \ 2. by two Coachmen, duobus Rhedariis, in a Hanging-wagon, Curru pensili, which is called qui vocatur a Coach, 13 Carpentum (Pilentum), 13. Others with two Horses, Alii Bijugibus, 14. 14. in a Chariot, 15. Essedo, 15. Horse Liiters, 16, 17. Arcera, 16. & Lactica, 17. are carried by two Horses. portantur A duobus Equis. They use Utuntur Pack- Jf orses, Jumentis Clitellariis, instead of Waggons, loco Curruum, thorow Hills that are not per montes invios, 18. passable, 18. LXXXVII. Passing over Waters. Transitus Aquarum

Lest he that is to pass Trajecturus (lumen ne overaRivershouldbe wet, I madefiat, Bridges, 1. P ontes, I. were invented for Car excogitati sunt pro Ve- riages, and Foot-bridges, ^. hiculis & Ponticuli, 2. for Foot-men. pro Peditibus. If a river Si Flumen have a Foord, 3. habet Vadum, 3. it is waded over, 4. vadatur, 4. Flotes, 5. also are made of Rates,!,, etiam struuntur Timber pinned together; ex compactis tignis: or Ferry-boats, 6. vel Pontones, 6. of planks laid close to ex trabibus consolidatis, gether for fear they should ne excipiant aquam. receive Water. Besides Scullers, 7. Porrd Lintrts (Lembi), 7. are made, which are rowed fabricantur, qui with an Oar, 8. aguntur Remo, 8. or Pole, t). vel Conto, 9. or haled aut trahuntur with an Haling-rope. 10. Rcmulco, 10. Swimming. LXXXVIII. Natatus.

Men are wont also Solent etiam to swim over Waters tranare aquas

108 upon a bundle of flags, 1. super scirpeum fascem, 1. and besides upon blown porr0 super inflatas bourn Beast-bladders, 2. Vesicas, 2. and after, by throwing deinde liber6 jactatu their Hands and Feet, 3. Manuum Pedumque, 3. abroad. And at last they learned Tandern didicerunt to tread the water, 4. calcare aquam, 4. being plunged up to the immersi girdle-stead, and carrying cingulo tenus & gestantes their Cloaths upon their Vestes supra caput. head. A Diver, 5. Urinator, 5. can swim also under etiam natare potest the water like a Fish. sub aqii.-i. ut Piscis. A Galley. LXXXIX. Navis actuaria.

A Ship furnished Naris instructa with Oars, 1. Reinis, \ . is a Barge, 2. est Uniremis, 2. or a Foyst, &c. vel Biremis, &c. in which the Rowers, -$. in qufi Reiniges, 3. f « sitting on Seats, 4. considentes pre Transtra, by the Oar-rings, 4. ad Scalmos, row, by striking the water remigant pellendo aquam with the Oars, 5. Remis, The Ship-master, 6. Proreta, 6- standing in the Fore-castle, stans in Prora, and the Steers-man, 7. & Gubernator, 7. sitting at the Stern, sedens in Puppi, and holding the Rudder, 8. tenensque Clavnm, 8. steer the Vessel. gubernanlNavigium. A Merchant-ship. XC. Navis oneraria.

A Ship, 1. Navigium, 1. is driven onward impellitur, not by Oars, but by the non remis, sed 0nly force of the Winds. sold vi Ventorum. In it is a Mast, 2. set up, In illo Malus, 2. erigi- fastened with Shrowds, 3. tur, firmatus Funibus, 3. on all sides to the main- undique ad Oras^Navis, chains. (» to which the Sail-yards, 4. are tied, and the Sails,$. to his, Vela, 5. quae these, which are spread expanduntur, 6. open, 6. to the wind, and ad Ventura are hoysed by Bowlings, 7. & Versoriis, 7. versantur. The Sails are Vela sunt the Main-sail, 8. Artemon, 8. the Trinket, or Fore-sail, 9. Dolon, 9. the Misen-sail or Poop- & Epidromus, 10. sail, 10. The Beak, n. Rostrum, n. is in the Fore-deck. est in Prora. The Ancient, 12. Signum (vexillum), 1«. is placed in the Stern. ponitur in Puppi. On the Mast In Malo is the Foretop, 13. est Cor bis, 13. the Watch-tower of the $h\p Specula Navis and over the Fore-top & supra Galeam a Vane, 14. Aplustre, 14. to shew which way the Ventorum Index. Wind standeth. The ship is stayed Navis sistitur with an Anchor, 15. Anchord, 1 5 . The depth is fathomed Profunditas exploratur with a Plummet, 16. Bolide, 16. Passengers walk up and Navigantes deambulant down the Decks, 17. in Tabulato, 17. The Sea men run to and Nautae cursitant fro through the Hatches,\?,. per Foros, 18. And thus, even Seas Atque ita, etiam Maria are passed over. trajiciuntur.

Ship-wreck. Naufragium.

When a Storm, 1. Cum Procella, 1. ariseth on a sudden, oritur repent6 they strike Sail, 2. contrahunt Vela, 2. lest the Ship should be ne Navis ad Scopulos, 3. dashed against Jtocks,$ or allidatur, aut incidat light upon Shelves, 4. in Brevia (Syrtes), 4. If they cannot hinder her Si non possunt prohibere they suffer Ship-wreck, 5. patiuntur Naufragium, 5. And then the men, the Tum Homines, Wares, and all things are Merces, m1ni in miserably lost. miserabiliter pereunt. Nor doth the Sheat-an- Neque hic thor, 6 being cast with a Sacra anchora, 6. Rudenti Cable, do any gooc1. jacta quidquam adjuvat. Some escape, Quidam evadunt, cither on a Plank, 7. vel tabula, 7. and by swimming, ac enatando, or in the Boat, 8. vel Scapha, 8. Part of the Wares, Pars Mercium with the dead folks, cum mortuis is carried out of the Sea, 9. a Mar1, 9. in littora defer- oupn the Shoars. tur.

Writing. Ars Scriptoria.

The Ancients writ Veteres sc1ibebant i n Tables done over with wax in Tabellis ceratis with a brazen Poitrel, 1. aeneo Stilo, \. with the sharp end, 2. cujus parte cuspidata, 2. whereof letters were en exarabantur literae, graven and rubbed out rursum vero obliteraban- again with t he broa d end, 3. Afterwards Deinde they writ Letters Literas pingebant with a small Reed, 4. subtili Calamo, 4. We use a Goose-quill, 5. Nos utimur Anserina Pen- the Stem, 6. na, 5. cujus Caulem, 6. of which we make temperamus with a Pen-knife, 7. Scalpdlo, j. then we dip the Neb tum intingimus Crenam in an Ink-horn, 8. in Atramentario, 8. which is stopped quod obstruitur with a Stopple, 9. Operculo, 9. and we put our Pens, & Pennas rerondimus into a Pennar, 10. in Calamario, 10. We dry a Writing Siccamus Scripturam with Blotting-paper, Chartd bibulA, or Calis-sand vel Arend scriptoria, out of a Sand-box, \ 1 . ex Theca Pulveraria, n. And we indeed Et nos qnidem write from the left hand scribimus & sinistra towards the right, 12. dextrorsum, 12. the Hebrews Hebrai from the right hand d- dextrd towards the left, 13. sinistrorsum, 13. the Chinese and other Indi Chinenses & Indi alii, ans, from the top down & summo deor- wards, 14. sum, 14. Paper. XCIII. Papyrus.

The Ancients used Veteres utebantur Beech-Boards, 1. Tabulis Faginis, 1. or Leaves, 2. aut Foliis, 2. as also Barks, 3. of Trees ; ut & Libris, 3. Arborum ; especially praesertim of an Egyptian Shrub, Arbusculae ^Egyptiae, which was called Papyrus. cui nomen erat Papyrus. Now Paper is in use Nunc Charta est in usu; which the Paper-maker quam Chattopacus r 1 maketh in a Paper-mill, 4. in mola Papyracea,^. confic- of Linen rags, 5. it 6 Linteis vetustis, 5. stamped to Mash, 6. in Pulmentum contusis, 6. which being taken up in quod haustum Frames, 7. Normulis, 7. he spreadeth into Sheets, 8. diducit in Plagulas, 8. and setteth them in the Air exponitque aeri, that they may be dryed. ut siccentur. Twenty-five of these Harum XXV. make a Quire, 9. faciunt Scapum, 9. twenty Quires a Ream, 10. XX. Scapi Volumen minus, and ten of these 10. horum X. a Bale of Paper, 1 1 . Volumen majus, 1 1 . That which is to last Duraturum diu long is written on Parch scribitur in Mem- ment, 12. brana, 12. Printing. XCIV. Typographia.

The Printer hath Typographus habet metal Letters Typos Metallos, in a large number magno numero dis put into Boxes, 5. tributos per Loculamenta,$. The Compositor, \. Typotheta, \. taketh them out one by one eximit illos singulatim, and according to the Copy, & secundum exemplar, (which he hath fastened (quod habet praefixum before him in a Visorum, 2.) sibi Retinaculo, 2.) composeth words componit Verba in a Composing-stick, 3. Gnomone, 3. till a Line be made ; donec versus fiat ; he putteth these in a Gaily, hos indit Forma, 4. 4. till a Page, 6. be made, donec Pagina, 6. fiat ; and these again in a. Form, has iterum Tabuld compos- 7. and he locketh them up itorid, 7. coarctaque eos in Iron Chases, 8. Marginibus ferre1s, 8. with Coyns, 9. ope Cochlearum, 9. lest they should drop out, ne dilabantur, •and putteth them under ac subjicit the Press, ) 0. Prelo, 10. Then the Press-man Tum Impressor beateth it over illinit with Printers Ink, Atramento impressorio by means of Sails, n. ope Pilarum, 1 1 . spreadeth upon it the Pa super imponit Chartas pers put in the Frisket, 12. inditas Operculo, 12. which being put quas subditas under the Spindle, 14. Trochlea, 14. on the Coffin, 13. in Tigello, 13. and pressed down with a & impressas Bar, 15. he maketh Suculd, 15. facit to take impression. imbibere typos. xcv. The Booksellers Shop. Bibliopolium.

The Bookseller, \ Bibliopola, 1. selleth Books vendit Libros in a Booksellers Shop, 2. in Bibliopolio, 2. of which he writeth quorum conscribit a Catalogue, 3. Catalogum, 3. The Books are placed Libri disponuntur on Shelves, 4. per Repositoria, 4. and are laid open for use & exponuntur ad usum. upon a Desk, 5. super Pluteum, 5. A Multitude of Books Multitudo Librorum is called a Library, 6. vocatur Bibliotheca, 6.

The Book-binder. Bibliopegus.

In times past they Olim agglutinabant Clewed Paper to Paper, Chartam Chartae, and rolled them up to convolvebantque eas gether into one Roll, 1. in unum Volumen, 1. At this day Hodte the Book-binder Compactor bindeth Books, compingit Libros, whilst he wipeth, 2. over d11m tergit, 2. Papers steept in Gum-wa- chartas maceratas aqud .ter, and then foldeth them glutinosd, deinde together, 3. complicat, 3. beatheth with a hammer, 4. malleat, 4. then stitrheth them up, 5. tum consult, 5. presseth them in a Press,6. cunprimit Prelo, 6. which hath two Screws, 7. quod ha bet duos Cochlea$,j. glueth them on the back, conglutinat dorso, cutteth 0ff the edges demarginat -with a round Knife, 8. rot undo Cultro, 8. and at last covereth them tandem vestit with Parchment or Leather, Membrand vel Corio, 9. 9. maketh them handsome, effbrmat, .and setteth on Clasps, 10. & affigit Uncinulos, 10. (lit) A Book. XCVII. Liber_

A Book Liber, as to its outward shape, quoad exteriorem formam is either in Folio, 1. lest vel in Folia, 1. or in Quarto, 2. vel in Quarto, 2. in Octavo, 3. in Octavo, 3. in Duodecimo, 4. either in Duodecimo, 4. made to open Side-wise, 5. vel Columnatus, 5. or Long-wise, 6. vel Linguatus, 6. with Bra2en Clasps, 7. cum sEneis Clausuris, j. or Strings, 8. vel Ligulis, 8. and Square-bofles, 9. & angularibus Bullis, 9. Within are Leaves, 10. Int1issunt Folia, 1o. with two Pages, duabis Paginis, sometimes divided with aliquando Columnis, 11. di- Columns, 1 1 . visa cumq; and Marginal Notes, 1 2. Notis Marginalibus, 12.

A School.

A School, \ . Schola, 1. is a Shop in which est Officina, in quit Young Wits are fashion'd Novelli Animi formantur to venue, and it is ad virtutem, & distinguish'd into Forms. distinguitur in Classes. The Master, 2. Praceptor, 2. sitteth in a Chair, 3. sedet in Cathedra, 3. the Scholars, 4. Discipuli, 4. in Forms, 5. in Subselliis, 5. he teacheth, they learn. ille docet, hi discunt. Some things Quaedam are writ down before them praescribuntur illis with Chalk on a Table, 6. Cretd in Tabella, 6. Some sit Quidam sedent at a Table, and write, 7. ad Mensam, & scribunt, 7. he mendeth their Faults, 8. ipse corrigit Mendas, 8. Some stand and rehearse Quidam stant, & reci- things committed to tant mandata memory, 9. memoriae, 9. Some talk together, 10. Quidam confabulantur. and behave themselves 10. ac gerunt se wantonly and carelessly ; petulantes, & negligentes; these are chastised hi castigantur with a Ferrula. n. Feruid (baculo), n. and a Rod, 12. & Virgd, 12. The Study. XCIX. Museum.

The Study, 1. Museum, \. is a place where a Student, est'locus ubi Studiosus, ±. 2. apart from Men, secretus ab Hominibus,' sitteth alone, sedet solus addicted to his Studies, deditus Studiis, whilst he readeth Books, 3. dum lectitat Libros, 3. which being within his quos penes se reach he layeth open up & exponit super on a Desk, 4. and picketh Pluteum, 4. & excerpit all the best things out of optima quaeque ex illis them into his own Manual, in Manuale suum, 5. 5. or marketh them in notat in illis them with a Dash, 6. Liturd, 6. or a little Star, 7. vel Asterisco, 7. in the M 'argent. ad Margiem. Being to sit up late, Lucubraturus, fee setteth a Candle, 8. elevat Lychnum (CaneIam), on a Candlestick, 9. 8. in Candelabra, 9. which is snuffed with Snuf- qui emungitur Emunctoria, Jers, 10. before the Candle* 10. ante Lynchum collo- he placeth a Screen, n. cat Umbraculum, 1 1 . which is green, that it may quod viride est, ne hebe- not hurt his eye-sight ; tet oculorum aciem ; richer Persons use a Taper, opulentioresutuntur Ceret for a Tallow-candle stink- nam Candela sebacea -eth and smoaketh. foetet & fugimat. A Letter, 12. is wrapped Epistola, 12. complicatur, up, writ upon, 13. inscribitur, 13. and sealed, 14. . & obsignatur, 14. Going abroad by night, Prodiensnoctu he maketh use of a Lan- \\t\tMTLanterna, 15. Ihorn, 15. or a Torch, 16. vel Face, 16. C. Arts belonging t0 Speech.

Artes Sermones. •Grammar, I. | Grammatica, \. is conversant about Letters, versatur circa Literas, 2. \ ' 2. of which it maketh ex quibus componit VocesT Words,$. and teacheth how verba, 3 docetqueelo- ••,.•-# to utter, write, 4. put to qui, scribere, 4. constru- gether and part them ere, distinguere (inter- j \ rightly. pungere) eas recte. Rhetor ick, 5. Rhetorica, 5. doth as it were paint, 6. pingit, 6. quasi a rude form, 7. rudem formam, 7. of Speech with Oratory Sermon is Orator Us Flourishes, 8. Pigmentis, 8. such as are Figures, ut sunt Figura, Elegancies, Elegantia, Adagies, Adagia (proverbia) Apothegms, Apothegmata, Sentences, Sententia (Gnomae) Similies, Similia, Hicrogylphicks, 6rc. Hieroglyphica, fsfc. Poetry, 9. Poesis, 9. gathereth these Flowers of colligit hos Flores Speech, 1o. Orationis, 10. and tieth them as it were & colligat quasi into a little Garland, n. in Corallam, 1 1. and so making of Prose atque ita, faciens 6 prosa a Poem, ligatam orationem, it maketh several sorts of omponi varia Verses and Odes, Carmina & Hymnos (Odas) and is therefore crowned ac propterea coronatur with a Laurel, 12. Lauru, 12. Mustek, 13. Musica, 13. setteth Tunes, 14. componit Melodias, 14. Notts, to which it setteth words, quibus aptat verba, and so singeth alone, atque ita cantat sola or in Consort, vel Concentu (Symphonia), or by Voice, or aut voce aut Musical Instruments, 15. nstrumentis Musicis, 15. r 123; Musical Instruments. CI. Instrumenta musica.

Musical Instruments are Musica instrumenta sunt those which make a sound: quae edunt vocem : First, Prim.6, when they are beaten upon, cum pulsantur, as a Cymbal, I. with a Pestil, u t Cymbalum, 1 . Pistillo, a little Bell, 2. Tintinnabulum, 2. with an Iron pellet within ; intus Globulo ferreo, or Rattle, 3. Crepitaculum, 3. by tossing it about: circumversando ; a yews-Trump, 4. Crembalum, 4. being put to the mouth, ori admotum, with the fingers; Digito; a Drum, 5 . Tympanum, 5. and a Kettle, 6. & Ahenum, 6. with a Drum-stick, j. Claviculd, 7. as also the Dulcimer, 8. ut & Sambuca, 8. with the Shepherds-harp, 9. cum Organo pastoritio, 9. and the Tymbrel, 10. & Sistrum (Crotalum), 10. Secondly, Secundd, upon which strings are in quibus Chorda stretched, and struck upon, intenduntur & plectuntur as the Psaltery, n. ut Nablium, n. and the Virginals, 12. cum Clavircordio, 12. with both hands; utr&que manu ; the Lute, 13. Testudo (Chelys), 13. (in which is the Neck, 14. (in qu& Jugum, 14. the Belly, 15, Magadium, 15. the Pegs, 16. &. Verticilli, 16. by which the Strings, 17. quibus Nervi, 17. are stretched intenduntur upon the Bridge, 18.) su pe r Ponticulam, 1 8 . ) the Cittern, 19. & Cythara, 19. with the right hand only, Dexter;! tantum. the Vial, 20. Pandura, 20. with a Bow, 21. Plectro, 21. and the Harp, 23. & Zyra, 23. with a Wheel within, intus n n;!. which is turned about: quae versatur : the Stops, 22. Dimensiones, 22. in every one are touched in singulis tanguntur with the left hand. sinistra. At last, Tandem those which are blown, quae inflantur, as with the mouth, ut Ore, the Flute, 24. Fistula (Tibia), 24. the Shawm, 25. Gingras, 25. the Bag-pipe, 26. 7YlfaVi utricularis, 26. the Cornet, 27. Lituus, 27. the Trumpet, 28, 29. Tuba, 28. Buccina, 29. or with Bellows, vel Follibus, ut as a pair of Organs, 30. Organum pneumaticum, 30.

Philosophy. Philosophia.

The Naturalist, 1. Physicus, 1. vieweth all the works of speculatur omnia Dei God in the World. Opera in Mundo, The Supernaturalist, 2. Metaphysicus, 2. searches out the Causes perscrutatur Causas, and Effects of things. & re rum Effecta. The Arithmetician, Arithmeticus reckoneth numbers, computat numeros, by adding, subtracting, addendo, subtrahendo, multiplying and dividing; multiplicando, dividendo;. and that either by Cyphers, idque vel Cyphris, 3. 3. on a Slate, in Palimocesto, or by Counters, 4. vel Calculis, 4. upon a Desk. super Abacum. Country people reckon, 5. Rustici n 111nerant, 5. with figures of tens, X. Decussibus, X. and figures of five, V. & Quincuncibus, V. by twelves, fifteens, per Duodenas, Quindenas, and threescores. & Sexagenas.

Geometry.

A Geometrician Geometra measureth the height of metitur Altitudinem a Tower, 1 . . . . 2 . Turris, 1 .... 2. or the distance aut distantiam of places, 3 ... .4. Locorum, 3 .... 4. either with a Quadrant, 5. sive Quadrante, 5. or a Jacob' s-staff, 6. sive Radio, 6. He maketh out the Designat Figures of things, Figuras rerum with Lines, 7. Lineis, 7, Angles, 8. Angulis, 8. and Circles, 9. & Circulis, 9. by a Rule, 10. ad Regulam, 10. a Square, \ 1 . Normom. \ \ . and a />«/> 0/ Compasses, 12. & Circinum, 12. Out of these arise Ex his oriuntur an Oval, 13. Cylindrus, 13. a Triangle, 14. Trigonus 14. a Quadrangle, 15. Tetragonus, 15. and other figures. & aliae figurae. r 1 2?; The Celestial Sphere. CIV. Sphera caelestis.

Astronomy considereth Astronomia considerat the motion of the Stars, motus Astrorum, Astrology Astrologia the Effects of thera. eorum Effectus. The Globe of Heaven Globus Cali is turned about upon an volvitur Axle-tree, \. super Axem, \. about the Globe of the circa globum Earth, 2. in the terra, 2. space of XXIV. hours. spacio XXIV. horarura. The Pole-stars, or Pole, Stella polares, the Arctick, 3. Arcticus, 3. the Antarctick, 4. Antarcticus, 4. conclude the Axle-tree fin h1nt Axem at both ends. utrinque. "TheHeaven is full of Cesium est Stars every where. Stellatum undique. There are reckoned above Stellarum fixarum a thousand fixed Stars / numerantur plus mille ; but of Constellations Siderum verd towards the North, XXI. Septentrionarium, XXI. towards the South, XVI. Meridionalium, XVI. ( us; Add to these the XII. Adde Signa, XII. signs of the Zodiaquc, 5. Zodiaci, 5. every one XXX. degrees, quodlibet graduum, XXX. whose names are T quorum nomina sunt 8 Taurus, n Gemini, if ^r/«, 8 Taurus, n

Planetarum Aspectus. The Moon Luna runneth through the Zodi- percurrit Zodiacum ack every Month. singulis Mensibus. The Sun, o in -1 Year. Sol, © Anno. Mercury, 55 and Venus, 9 Mercurius, $ & Venus, 9 ab0ut the Sun, the one circa Solem, ilia in a hundred and fifteen, CXV., the other in 585 days. hzec DLXXXV. Diebus. Mars, $ in two years; Mars, $ Biennio; Jupiter, U Jupiter, y in almost twelve; fer6 duodecim ; Saturn, ^ Saturnus, ^ in thirty years. triginta annis. Hereupon they meet va Hinc conveniunt vari6 riously among themselves, inter se and have mutual Aspects & se mutuo one towards another. adspiciunt. As here the O and Q. are Ut hic sunt, « 4 C in Conjunction. in Conjunctione, • and Moon in Opposition, 9 and Z««a in Opposition/-, 9 and ^ in a Trine Aspect, O & V in Trigono, 9 and if in a Quartile, 9 &. V in Quadrature. O and •'• in a Sextile. • & « in CV. The Apparitions of the Moon.

Phases Lunae. .The Moon shineth Luna, lucet not by her own Light non sua propria Luce, but that which is bor sed mutuatii rowed of the Sun. a Sole. For the one half of it Nam altera ejus mcdie- is always enlightned, the tas semper illuminatur, other remained! darkish. altera manet caliginosa. Hereupon we see it in Hinc videmus, Conjunction with the Sun,1. in Conjunctione Solts, \. to be obscure, almost none obscuram, imo nullam : at all ; in Of position, 5. in Oppositione, 5. whole and clear, totam & lucidam, {and we call it (& vocamus the Full Moon •) Plenilunium y) sometimes in the half, alias dimidiam, (and we call it thefrime, 3. (& dicimus Primam, 3. and last Quarter, 7.) & ultimam Quadram, 7.) Otherwise it waxeth.2. . 4. Caeteroqui crescit, 2. , or waneth, 6. . . 8. aut decrescit, 6 — .8. and is said to be horned, & vocatur/a/ra/a, or more than half round. vel gibbosa. The Eclipses. CVI. Eclipses.

The Sun Sol is the fountain of light, est fons Lucis, inlightning all things, illuminans omnia; but the Earth, \. sed Terra, I. and the Moon, 2. & Luna, 2. being shady bodies, are not Corpora opaca, non pierced with its rays, for penetrantur ejus radiis, they cast a shadow upon nam jaciunt umbram the place just over against in locum oppositum. them. Therefore, Ideo when the Moon lighteth cum Lunaincidit r > into the shadow of the in umbram Earth, 2. it is darkened, Terra, 2. obscuratur which we call an Eclipse, quod vocamus Eclipsin or defect. (deliquium) Luna. But when the Moon run Cum vero Luna currit neth betwixt the Sun inter Solem and the Earth, 3. & Terr am, 3. it covereth it with its obtegit ilium umbrd sud; shadow; and this we call & hoc vocamus the Eclipse of the Sun, Eclipsin Solis, because it taketh from us quia adimit nobis the sight of the Sun, prospectum Solis, and its light ; & lucem ejus; neither doth the Su» for nec tamen Sol all that suffer any thing, patitur aliquid, but the Earth. sed Terra. CVII. a The terrestial Sphere.

Sphera terrestris. The Earth is round, and Terra est rotunda, therefore to be represented fingenda igitur by two Hemispheres, a . . b. duobus Hemispheriis,a. . b. The Circuit of it Ambitus ejus ( 133; is 360 degrees est graduum CCCLX. (wbereot'every one maketh (quorum quisque facit 60 English Miles LX. Milliaria Anglica or 21600 Miles,) vel 21600 Milliarium) and yet it is but a prick, & tamen est punctum, compared with the World, collata cum orbe, whereof it is the Centre. cujus Centrum est. They measure Longi Longitndinem ejus tude of it by Climates, 1. dimetiuntur Climatibus, 1. and the Latitude Latitudinem, by Parallels, 2. lineis Parallelis, 2. The Ocean, 3. compasseth Oceanus, 3. ambit eam it about, and five Seas wash & Maria V. perfundunt it, the Mediterranean Sea, 4. Mediterranean, 4. the Baltick Sea, 5. the Red Baltic u m, 5. Erythraum, 6. Sea, 6. the Persian Sea, 7. Persicum, 7. and the Caspian Sea, 8. Caspium, 8. CVII. b The terrestial Sphere.

Sphe'ra terrestris. It is divided into V. Zones, Distribuitur in Zonas V., whereof the II. frigid ones, quarum duae frigids, are uninhabitable ; sunt inhabitabiles; the II. Temperate ones, 10 duae Temperate, IO....KX . . 10. and the Torrid one, & Torrida, 1r. n. habitable. habitantur. Besides it is divided Ceterum divisa est into three Continents; in tres Continentes ; this of ours, 12. which is nostram, 12. quae subdi- subdivided into Europe,1$. viditur in Europam, 13. Asia, 14. Africa, 15. Asiam, 14. & Africam, 15. America, 16 16. in Americam, 16 1 6. (whose Inhabitants are (cujus incolae Antipodes to us;) sunt Antipodes nobis;) and the South Land, 1 7 . . 1 7. & in Terr am Australem, 17- yet unknown. . . 17. adhuc incognitam. They that dwell underthe Habitantes sub Arcto, North pole, 1 8. have the days 18. habent Dies and nights 6 months long. Noctes semestrales, Infinite Islands I nfmit;v Insulot float in the Seas. natant in maribus. Europe. CVIII. Europa.

The chief Kingdoms of In Europd nostril Europe, are sunt Regna primaria, i35 Spain, 1. Hispania, 1. France, 2. Gallia, 2. Italy, 3. England, 4. Anglia (Britania), 4. Scotland, 5. Scotia, 5. Ireland, 6. Hibernia, 6. Germany, 7. Ger mania, 7. Bohemia, 8. Bohemia, 8. Hungary, 9. Hungaria, 9. Croatia, 10. Croatia, 10. Dacia, 1 1 . Dacia, n. Sclavonia, 12. Sclavonia, 12. Greece, 13. Gracia, 1 3 . Thrace, 14. Thracia, 14. Podolia, 15. Podolia, 15. Tartary, 1 6. Tartaria, 16. Lituania, 17. Lituania, 17. Poland, 1 8. Polonia, 18. The Netherlands, 19. Belgium, 19. Denmark, 20. Dania, 20. Norway, 2 1 . Norvegia, 21. Swethland, 22. Suecia, 22. Lapland, 23. Lappia, 23. Finland, 24. Finnia, 24. Lisland, 25. Livonia, 25. Prussia, 26. Borussia, 26. Muscovy, 27. Muscovia, 27. and Russia, 28. Russia, 28.

Moral Philosophy. Ethica.

^? This Life is a way, Vita haec est via, or a place divided into two sive Bivium, ways, like simile Pythagoras 's Letter Y. Litterae Pithagorica Y. broad, 1. latum, 1. on the left hand track; sinistro tramite narrow, 2. on the right; angustum, 2. dextro; that belongs to Vice, 3. ille Vitii, 3. est this to Vertue, 4. hie Virtutis, 4. Mind, Young Man, 5. Adverte juvenis, 5. imitate Hercules : imitare Herculem; leave the left hand way, linque sinistram, turn from Vice ; aversare Vitium ; the Entrance, 6. is fair, Aditus speciosus, 6. but the End, 7. sed Exitus, 7. is ugly and steep down. turpis & praeceps. Go on the right hand, Dextera ingredere, though it be thorny, 8. utut spinosa, 8. no way is unpassible to nulla via invia vertue; follow whither virtuti ; sequere qu& v vertue leadeth ducit virtus r 137; through narroii' places per angusta, to stately palaces, ad augusta, to the Tower of honour, 9. ad Arcem honoris, 9. Keep the middle Tene medium & and streight path, and rectum tramitem; thou shalt go very safe. ibis tutissimus. Take heed thou do not Cave excedas go too much on the right ad dextram, 10. hand, 10. Bridle in, 12. the wild Compesce freno, 12. Horse, 1 1. of Affection, lest equum ferocem, n. Affec- thou fall down headlong. tus ne praeceps fias. See thou dost not go Cave amiss on the left hand, 13. deficias ad sinistram, 13. in an ass-like sluggishness, segnitie asinind, 14. 14. but go onwards con sed progredere constanter stantly, persevere to the pertende ad end, and thou shalt be finem, & coro- crown'd, 15. naberis, 15. Prudence. CX. Prudentia.

Prudence, 1. Prudentia, \. looketh upon all things circumspectat omnia ( as a Serpent, 2. ut Serpens, 2. and doeth, speaketh, or agitque, loquitur, aut thinketh nothing in vain. cogitat nil1il incassum. She looks backwards, 3. Respicit, 3. as into a Looking-glass, 4. tanquam in Speculum, 4. to things past ; ad praterita j and seeth before her, 5. &.prospicit, 5. as with a Perspective-glass, tanquam Telescopi0, 7. 7. things to come, Futura, or the End, 6. seu Finem, 6. and so she perceiveth atque ita perspicit what she hath done, and quid egerit, what rema1neth to be done. & quid restet agendum. She proposeth Actionibus suis an Honest, Profitable and praefigit Scopum, withal, if it may be done, Honestum, Utilem, a Pleasant End, simulque, si fieri potest, to her Actions. Jucundum. Having foreseen the End, Fine prospecto, she looketh out Means, dispicit Media, as a Way, 8. ceu Viam, 8. which leadeth to the End; quae ducit ad finem, but such as are certain sed certa & facilia ; and easie, and fewer pauciora potins rather than more, lest quilm plura, anything should hinder. ne quid impediat. She watcheth Opportuni Attendit Occasioni, 9. ty, 9. (which having (quae a bushy fore-head, 10. Fronte Capillata, 10. and being bald-pated, n. sed vertice calva, n. and moreover adhaec having wings, 1 2. alata, 1 1. doth quickly slip away,) facile elabitur) and catcheth it. eamque captat. She goeth on her way In vi&pergit caut6 (pro- warily, for fear she should d6) ne impingat stumble or go amiss. aut aberret.

Diligence. Sedulitas.

Diligence, \. loveth la Sedulitas,\. amat labores, bours, avoideth Sloth, fugit Ignaviam, is always at work, semper est in opere, like the Pismire, 2. ut Formica, 2. and carrieth together, as & comportat, ut ilia, she doth, for herself, sibi, Store of all things, 3. omnium rerum Copiam, 3. She doth not always Non semper sleep, or make holidays, dormit, ferias agit, aut as the Sluggard, 4. ut Ignavus, 4. and the Grashopper, 5. do, & Cicada, 5. whom Want, 6. quos Inopia, 6. at the last overtaketh. tandem premit. She pursueth what things Urget shehath undertaken chear- incepta alacriter fully, even to the end ; ad finem usque ; she putteth nothing off till procrastinat nihil, the morrow, nor doth she nec sing the Crow's song, 7. cantat cantilenam Corvi, 7. which saith over and over, qui ingeminat r Cras, Cras. Cras, Cras, After labours undergone, Post labores and ended, exantlatos, being even wearied, & lassata, she resteth her self; quiescit; but being refreshed with sed recreata Quiete, Rest, that she may not use ne adsuescat her self to Idleness, she fall- Otio, redit eth again to her Business, ad Negotia. A diligent Scholar Diligens Discipulus, is like Bees, 8. similis est Apibus, 8. which carry honey qui congerunt mel from divers Floicers, 9. ex variis Floribus, 9. into their Hive, 10. in Alveare suum, 10. Temperance. CXII. Temperantia.

Temperance, \. Temperantia, i. prescribeth a mean praescribit modum to meat and drink, 2. Cibo & Potui, 2. and restraine1l1 the desire, & continet cupidincm, as with a Bridle, 3. ceu Freno, 3. and so moderateth all & sic moderatur omnia things, lest any thing too ne quid much be done. nimis fiat. Revellers Heluones (ganeones) are made drunk, 4. inebriantur, 4. they stumble, 5. titubant, 5. they spue, 6. ructant (vomunt), 6. and babble, 7. & rixantur, 7. From Drunkenness E Crapula proceedeth Lasciviousness ; oritur Lascivia; from this a lewd Life ex hac Vita libidinosa amongst Whoremasters, 8. inter Fornicatores, 8. and Whores, 9. & Scorta, 9. in kissing, osculando (basiando), touching, palpando, embracing, amplexando, and dancing, 10. & tripudiando, 10. Fortitude. CXIII. Fortitudo.

Fortitude, 1. Fortitudo, \. is undaunted in adversity, impavida est in adversis, and bold as a Lion, 2. but & confidens ut Leo, 2. at not haughty in Prosperity, non tumida in Secundis, leaning on her own Pillar, innixa suo Columini, 3. 3. Constancy, and be Constantia ; & ing the same in all things, eadem in omnibus, ready to undergo both es parata ad ferendam utram- tates with an even mind. que fortunam aequo animo. She receiveth the strokes Excipit ictus of Misfortune Infortunii with the Shield, 4. Clypeo, 4. of Sufferance : and Tolerantia : keepeth off the Passions, & propellit Affectus, the enemies of quietness hostes Euthymiae with the Sword, 5. gladio, 5. of Valour. Virtutis. Patience. CXIV. Patientia.

Patience, 1. Patientia, 1. endureth Calamities, 2. tolerat Calamitates, 2. ( i43; and Wrongs, 3. meekly & Injurias, 3. humiliter like a Lamb, 4. ut Agnus, 4. as the Fatherly chastise tanquam paternam fer- ment of God, 5 . u lam Dei, 5. In the meanwhile she Interim leaneth upon the Anctwr innititur Spei of Hope, 6. (as a Ship, 7. Anchora, 6. (ut Navis, 7. tossed by waves in the Sea) fluctuans mari) she prayeth to God, 8. Deo supplicat, 8 . weeping, illacrymando, and expecteth the Sun, 10. & expectat Phabum, 10. after cloudy weather, 9. post Nubila, 9. suffering evils, ferens mala, and hoping better things. sperans meliora. On the contrary, Contra, the impatient person, n. Impatiens, 1 1 . waileth, lamented), plorat, lamentatur, rageth against himself, 1 2. debacchatur, 12. in seipsum, grumbleth like a Dog, 13. obmurmurat ut Canis, 13. and yet doth no good ; & tamen nil proficit ; at the last he despaireth, tandem desperat, and becometh his own & fit Murtherer, 14. Autochir, 14. Being full of rage he de- Fu1ibundus cupit sireth to revenge wrongs. vindicare injurias.

Humanity. Humanitas.

Men are made Homines facti sunt for one another's good ; ad mutua commoda ; therefore let them ergo sint huir.ani. Be thou sweet and lovely Sis suavis & amabilis in thy Countenance, \. Vultu, 1. gentle and civil comis & urbanus in thy Behaviour and Man Gestu ac Mori bus, 2. ners, 2. affable and true spoken affabilis & verax, with thy Mouth, 3. Ore, 3. affectionate and candid candens & candidus in thy Heart, 4. Corde, 4. So love, Sir ama, and so shalt thou be loved; sic amaberis; and there will be & fiat a mutual Friendship, 5. mutua Amidtia, 5. as that of Turtle-doves, 6. ceu Turturum, 6. hearty, gentle, and concors, mansueta, wishing well on bothparts. & benevola utrinque. Froward Men are Morosi homines, sunt hateful, teasty,'unpleasant. odiosi, torvi, illepidi. r 145 contentious, angry, 7. contentiosi, iracundi, 7. cruel, 8. crudeles, 8. and implacable, ac implacabiles, (rather Wolves and Lions, (magis Lupi & Le0nes, than Men) quam homines) and such as fall out among & inter se discordes, themselves, hereupon hinc they fight in a Duel, 9. confligunt Dudle, 9. Envy, 10. Invidia, 10. wishing ill to others, ma!6 cupiendo aliis, pineth away her self. conficit seipsam. Justice. CXVI. Justitia.

Justice, 1. Justitia, 1. is painted, sitting pingitur, sedens on a square stone, 2. for she in lapide quadrato, 2. nam ought to be immoveable; decet esse immobilis; with hood-winked eyes, 3. obvelatis oculis, 3. that she may not respect ad non respiciendum persons ; personas ; stopping the left ear, 4. claudens aurem sinistram, 4. L r 146; to be reserved reservandam for the other party ; alteri parti ; Holding in her right Tenens dextrd Hand a Sword, 5. Gladium, 5. and a Bridle, 6. k Franum, 6. to punish ad puniendum and restrain evil men ; & coercendum malos; Besides, Praeterea, a pair of Balances, 7. Stateram, -j. in the right Scale, 8. where cujus dextra Lanci, 8. of Deserts, Merita, and in the left, 9. Sinistra, 9. Rewards being put, Pramia imposita, are made even one with sibi invicem exequantur, another, and so good Men atque ita boni incitantur are incited to virtue, as it ad virtutem, were with Spurs, 10. eeu Calcaribus, 10. In Bargains, n. In Contractions, n. let Men deal candidly, candid6 agatur : let them stand to their stetur Covenants and Promises ; Pactis & Promissis; let that which is given one Depositum, to keep, and that which is lent, & Mutuum, be restored : reddantur : let no man be pillaged, 1 2. nemo expiletur, 12. or hurt, 13. aut ladatur, 13. let every one have his own: suum cuique tribuatur : these are the precepts of haec sunt praecepta Justice. Justitiae. Such things as these are Talio prohibentur, forbidden in God's t,th. and quinto & septimo Dei "jth. Cammandment, and Pracepto, & deservedly punish'd on the merito puniuntur Gallows and the Wheel, 14. Cruce ac Rotd, 14.

Liberality. Liberalitas.

Liberality, \. Liberalitas, \. keepeth a mean about servat modum circa Riches, which she honestly Divitias, quas honest6 seeketh, that she may have quaerit ut habeat somewhat to bestow on quod largiatur them that want, 2. Egenis, 2. She cloatheth, 3. Hos vestit, 3. nourisheth, 4. nutrit, 4. and enricheth, 5. ditat, 5. these with a chcarful coun Vultu Mart, 6. tenance, 6. and a winged hand, 7. & Manu alatd, j. She submitteth her Subjicit •wealth, 8. to her self, not opes, 8. sibi, non her self to it, as the covet se illis, ut Avarus, 9. ous man, 9. doth, who hath, qui habet, that he may have, and is ut habeat, & not the Owner, non est Possessor but the Keeper of hisgoods, sed Custos bonorum suor- and being unsatiable, um, & insatiabilis, always scrapeth together, 10. semper corradit, 10. with his Nails. Unguibus suis.

(I Moreover he spareth Sed & parcit and keepeth, & adservat, hoarding up, 1 1 . occludendo, II. that he may always have. ut semper habeat. But the Prodigal, 12. At Prodigus, 1 2. badly spendeth things male disperdit well gotten, ben£ parta, and at the last wanteth. ac tandem eget. CXVIII. Society betwixt Man and Wife.

Societas Conjugalis. Marriage Matrimonium was appointed by God institutum est 4 Deo in Paradise, for mutual in Paradiso, ad mutuum help, and the Propagation adjutorium, & propagationem of mankind. generis humani. A young man (a single man ) Vir Juvenis (Co-Ms) being to be married, conjugium initurus, should be furnished instructus sit either with Wealth, aut Opibus, or a Trade and Science, aut Arte & Scientid, ( i49 ) -which may serve quae sit for getting a living; de pane lucrando; ' that he may be able ut possit to maintain a Family. sustentare Familiam. Then he chooseth himself - Deinde eligit sibi a Maidthat is Marriageable, Virginem Nubilem, (or a Widow) (aut Viduam) whom he loveth; never quam adamat : ubi theless a greater Regard tamen major ratio is to be had of Virtue, habenda Virtutis and Honesty, & Honestatis, than of Beauty or Portion. qudm Forma aut Dotis. Afterwards, he doth n0t Posthaec, non clam des- betroth her to himself pondet sibi eam, closely, but entreateth sed ambit, for her as a Woer, ut Procus, first to the Father, 1. apud Patrem, 1. and then the Mother, 2. & Matron, 2. or the Guardians, vel apud Tutores, or Kinsfolks, by such & Cognatos, per as help to make the match, 3. Pronubos, 3 . When she is espous'd to Ed sibi desponsd, him, he becometh the Bride fit Sponsus, 4. groom, 4. and she the Bride, & ipsa Sponsa, 5. 5. and the Contract 'is made- fiuntque Sponsalia, and an Instrument of Dow & scribitur Instrumentum ry, 6. is written. Dot ale, 6. At the last Tandem the Wedding 1s made, fiunt Nuptia where they are joined to ubi copulantur gether by the Priest, 7. & Sacerdote, 7. giving their Hands, 8. one datis Manibus, 8. ultrd ci- to another- troque, and Wedding-rings, 9. & Annulis Nuptialibus, 9. then they feast with the tum epulantur cum witnesses that are invited. invitatis testibus. After this they are called Abhinc dicuntur Husband and Wife; Maritus & Uxor; when she is dead he be h&c mortu& ille fit cometh a Widower. Viduus. r 150; CXIX. The Tree of Consanguinity,

Arbor Consanguimtatis. In Consanguinity Hominem, 1. there touch a Man, 1. Consanguinitate attingum. in Lineal Ascent, in Linea ascendenti, the Father Pater (the Father-in-law), 2. (Vitricus)\2. / and the Mother & Mater /^ (the Mother-in-law), 3. (Noverca)'^. the Grandfather, 4. Avus, 4. and the Grandmother, 5. & Avia, 5. the Great Grandfather, 6. Proavus, 6. and the Great Grandmother, & Proavia, 7. 7. the great great Grandfather, 8. Abavus, 8. the great great Grandmother, 9. & Abavia, 9. the great great Grand father's Father, 1o. Atavus, 1o. \hegreatgreat Grand mother's Mother, 1 1. & Atavia, 1 1 r 1 the great great Grand Tritavus, 12. father's Grandfather, 12. the great great Grand & Tritaria, 13. mother's Grandmother, 13. Those beyond these are Ulteriores dicuntur called Ancestors, 14. . . 14. Major es, 14. . . 14. In a Lineal descent, In Linea descendenti, the Son (the son-in-law), 15. Fili us (Privignus), \ 5. and the Daughter, (the & Filia (Prh'igna), 16. Daughter-in-law), 16. the Nephni', 17. Nepos, 17. and the Neece, \ 8. & Neptis, 18. the Nephews Son, 19. and Pronepos, 19. the Nephews Daughter, 20. & Proneptis, 26. the Nephews Nephew, 21. Abnepos, 2 1 . and the Neeces Neece, 22. & Abneptis, 22. the Nephews Nephews Son, 23. Atnepos, 23. the Neeces Neeces & Atneptis, 24. Daughter, 24. the Nephews Nephews Ne Tr in epos, 25. phew, 25. & Trineptis, 26. the Neeces Neeces Neece, 26. Ulteriores dicuntur Those beyond these are Poster 7, 27 ... .27. railed Posterity, 27. . . 27. In a Collateral Line are In Linea Collaterali the Uncle by the Fathers sunt Patn/us, 28. side, 28. and the Aunt by the Fathers & Amita, 29. side, 29. the Uncle by the Mothers Avunculus, 30. side, 30. and the Aunt by the Mo & Matertera, 3 1 . thers side, 3 1 . the Brother, 32. Frater, 32. and the Sister, 33. .S0 wr, 33. the Brothers Son, 34. Patruelis, 34. the Sisters Son, 35. Sobrinus, 35. and the Cousin by the Bro ther and Sister, 36. & Amitinus, 36. cxx. The Society betwixt Parents and Children.

Societas Parentalis. Married Persons, Conjuges, (by the blessing of God) (ex benedictione Dei) sus- have Issue, cipiunt Sobolem (Prolem) and become Parents. & fiunt Parentes. The Father, 1. begetteth Pater, 1. generat and the Mother, 2. beareth & Mater, 2. parit Sons, 3. and Daughters, 4. Filios, 3. & Filias, 4. (sometimes Twins). (aliquando Gemellos). -The Infant, 5. In fans, 5. is wrapped in involvitur Swadling-cloathes, 6. Fasciis, 6. is laid in a Cradle, 7. reponitur in Cunas, 7. is suckled by the Mother lactatur a matre with her Breasts, 8. Uberibus, 8. and fed with Pap, 9. & nutritur Pappis, 9. Afterwards it learneth Deinde discit to go by a Standing-stool, \ 0. incedere Seperasto, 10. r 153; playeth with Rattles, n. ludit Crepundiis, u. and beginneth to speak. & incipit fari. As it beginneth to grow Crescente aetate, older, it is accustomed to adsuescit Piety, 12. Pietati, 12. and Labour, 13. & Labori, 13. and is chastised, 14. & castigatur, 14. if it be not dutiful. si non sit morigerus. Children owe to Parents ZftPm'debent Parentibus Reverence and Service. Cultum & Officium. The Father maintaineth Pater sustentat his Children Liberos, Jy taking pains, 15. labor ando, 15. CXXI. The Society betwixt Masters and Servants.

Societas herilis. The Master Herns {the goodman of the House), (Paterfamilias), 1. 1. hath Men-servants, 2. habet Famulos (Servos), 2. r 154; the Mistress Hera (the good wife of the House), (Mater familias), 3. 3. Maidens, 4. Ancillas, 4 They appoint these their Illi mandant his Work, 6. Opera, 6. and divide & distrib11unt them their tasks, 5. which Laborum Pensa, 5. qua are faithfully to be done by ab his fideliter sunt exse- them without murmuring quenda sine murmure and loss: for which their &dispendio; pro quo Wages, and Meatand Drink Merces & Alimonia is allowed them. praebentur ipsis. A Servant was heretofore Servus olim erat Man- a Slave, cipium, in quem Domino over whom the Master had potestas fuit power of life and death. vitae & necis At this day the poorer Hodie pauperiores sort serve in a free man- serviunt liber6, ner.being hired for Wages, conduct! mercede. A City. CXXII. Urbs.

Of many Houses Ex multis Dom1bus is made a Village, 1. fit Pagus, 1. r 155; or a Town, or a City, 2. vel Oppidum, vel £7rAr, 2. That and this are fenced Istud & haec muniuntur and begirt with a Wall, 3. & cinguntur Manibus a Trench, 4. (Muro), 3. ZW/0, 4. bulwarks, 5. Aggeribus, 5. and Pallisadoes, 6. & Fa/to, 6. Within the Walls is Intra muros est the void Place, 7. Pomarium, 7. without, the Z>//^, 8. extra, Fossa, 8. In the Walls are In moenibus sunt Fortresses, 9. Propugnacula, 9. and Towers, 10. & Turres, 10. Watch' Touicrs, n. are Specula, n. ex upon the higher places. tant in editioribus locis. The entrance into a City Ingressus in Urbem fit is made out of the Suburbs, ex Suburbioy\2. 12. through Gates, 13. per Portam, 13. over the Bridge, 14. super Pontem, 14. The Gate hath Porta habet a Portcullis, 15. Cataractas, 15. a Draw-bridge, \ 6. Pontem versatilem, 16. two-leaved Doors, 17. Valvas, 17. Locks and Bolts, Claustra & Repagula, as also Barrs, 18. ut & £W/«, 18. In the Suburbs are In Suburbiis sunt Gardens, 19. Horti, 19. and Garden-houses, 20. and & Suburbana, 20. also Burying-places, 21. ut & Cameteria, 21. r 156; CXXIII. The inward parts of a City.

Interiora Urbis. Within the City are Intra urbem sunt Streets, 1. Plate

The best Law, is | Optimum Jus, est a quiet agreement, placida conventio, made either by themselves, facta vel ab ipsis, fi betwixt whom the sute is, inter quos lis est or by an Umpire. vel ab Arbitro. If this do not proceed, Haec si non procedit, they come into Court, \. venitur in Forum, 1. (heretofore they judg'd (olim judicabant in the Market-place ; at in Foro, this day in the Moot-hall) hodi£ in Pratorio) in which the Judge, 2. cui Judex (Praetor), 2. sitteth with his Assessors,^. praesidet cum Assessoribus, the Clerk, 4. taketh 3. Dicographus, 4. excipit their Votes in writing. Vota calamo. The Plaintiff, 5. Actor, 5. accuseth the Defendant, 6. accusat Reum, 6. and produceth Witnesses,"]. & producit Testes, 7. against him. contra ilium. The Defendant excuseth Reus excusat himself by a Counsellor, 8. se per Advocatum, 8. whom the Plaintiff's Coun cui Actoris Procurator, 9. sellor, 9. contradicts. contradicit. Then the Judge Tum Judex pronounceth Sentence, Sententiam pronunciat, acquitting the innocent, absolvens insontem, and condemning & damnans him that \sguilty, sontem to a Punishment, ad Paenam, or a Fine, vel Mulctam, or Torment. vel ad Supplicium. r 1s9; cxxv. The Tormenting of Malefactors.

Supplicia Malefactorum. Malefactors, 1. Male fid, 1. are brought producuntur, from the Prison, 3. 6 Car cere, 3. (where they are wont to be (ubi torqueri solent) tortured) by Serjeants, 2. per Lictores, 2. or dragg'd with a Horse, 15. vel Equo raptantur, 15. to place of Execution. ad locum Supplicii. Thieves, 4. Fures, 4. are hanged by the Hang suspenduntura Carnificefi, man, 6. on a Gallows, 5. in Patibulo, 5. Whoremasters Machi are beheaded, 7. decollantur, 7. Murtherers Homicides (Sicarii) and Robbers are ac Latrones (Piratae) either laid upon a Wheel, 8. vel imponuntur .AVAr having their Legs broken^ cruei frag to plexi, 8. or fastened upon a Stake, 9. vel /W0 infiguntur, 9. Witches Striges (Lamiae) are burnt in a great cremantur super Fire, 10. Rogum, 10. Some before they are Quidam antequam executed have their Ton supplicio gues cut out, 1 1 . afficiantur elinguantur, n. or have their Hand, 12. aut plectuntur Manu, 12. cut off upon a Block,\-^. or super Cippum, 13. are burnt with Pincers, 14. aut Forcipibus, 14. uruntur They that have their Vitit donati, Life given them, are set on the Pillory, 16. constringuntur Numellis, or strapado'd, 17. are 16. luxantur, 17. set upon a wooden Horse, 1 8. imponuntur Equuleo, 18. have their Ears cut off, 19. truncantur Auribus, 19. are whipped with Rods, 20. caduntur Virgis, 20. are branded, Stigmate notantur, are banished, relegantur, are condemned damnantur to the Gullies, or to ad Triremes, vel ad perpetual Imprisonment. Carcerem perpetuum. Tray tors are pull'd in Perduelles discerpuntur pieces with four Horses. Quadrigis.

Merchandizing. Mercatura.

Wares Merces, brought from other places aliunde allatae, aliunde are either exchanged vel commutantur in an Exchange, I. in Domo Commerciorum, 1, or exposed to sale vel exponuntur venum in Warehouses, 2. in TabernisMercimoniorum, and they are sold 2. & venduntur for Money, 3. pro Pecunid (monetd), 3. being either measured vel mensuratae with an Eln, 4. Ulnd, 4. or weighed vel ponderatae in a pair of Balances, 5. Librd, 5. Shop-keepers, 6. Tabernarii. 6. Pedlars, 7. Circumforanei, 7. and Brokers, 8. & Scrutarii, 8. would also be called etiatn volunt dici Merchants, 9. Mercatores, 9. The Seller Venditor braggeth of a thing ostentat rem that is to be sold, promercalem, M r»< and setteth the rate of it, & indicat pretium, and how much quanti it may be sold for. liceat. The Buyer, 10. cheap neth Emptor, 10. licetur, and offereth the price. & pretium offert. If any one Si quis bid against him, n. the contralicctur, 11. thing is delivered to him ei res addicitur that promiseth the most. qui pollicetur plurimum. CXXVII. Measures and Weights. Mensurae & Ponder*.

We measure things that Res continuas metimur hang together with an Eln, Ulnd, 1. 1. liquid things liquidas with a Gallon, 2. Congio, 2. and dry things aridas by a two-bushel Measure, 3. Medimno, 3. We try the heaviness of Gravitatem rerum ex- things by Weights, 4. perimur Ponderibus, 4. and Balances, 5. & Librd (bilance), 5. In this is first In hac primd est the Beam, 6. Jugum (Scapus), 6. in the midst whereof is a in cujus medio little Axle-tree, 7. above Axiculus, 7. superius the cheeks and the hole, 8. trutina & agina, 8. in which the Needle, 9. in qud Examen, 9. moveth it self to and fro : sese agitat : on both sides utrinque are the Scales, 1o. sunt Lances, 10. hanging by little Cords, n. pendentes Funiculis, u. The Brasiers balance, 12. Statera, 12. weigheth things by hang ponderat res.suspendendo ing them on a Hook, 13. illas Unco, 13. and the Weight, 14. & Pondus, 14. opposite to them which ex opposito, quod in (a) weigheth just as in (a) aequiponderat much as the thing, rei, in (b) twice so much in (b) bis tantum, in (c) thrice so much, &c. in (c) ter, Sec. Physick CXXVIII. Ars Medica.

The Patient, 1 . sEgrotans, 1. sendeth for a Physician, 2. accersit Medicum, 2. ( 164; who feeleth his Pulse, 3, jqui tangit ipsius Arteriam, andUooketh upon his Wa- 1 3. & inspicit Urinam, 4. terjfi. and then prescribeth tum praescribit ^/>/7/r, 13. vel Pillula, 13. or Trochisks, 14. vel Pastilli, 14. or an Electuary, 15. vel Electuarium, 15. -Z?/V/ and Prayer, 16. Diata & Oratio, 16. is the best Physick. est optima Medicina. The Chirurgeon, 18. Chirurgus, 18. cureth Wounds, 17. curat Vulnera, 17. and Ulcers, & C//«ra, with Plasters, 19. Spleniis (emplastris), 19.

A Burial. Sepultura.

Dead Folks Dcfuncti heretofore were burned, olim cremabantur, and their Ashes & Cineres put into an Urn, \. recondebantur in Urna, 1. We enclose Nos includimus our dead Folks nostros Demortuos in a Coffin, 2. Loculo, (Capulo), 2. lay them upon a Bier, 3. imponimus Feretro, 3. and see they be carried out & curamus efferri in a Funeral Pomp Pompd Funebri towards the Church-yard,\. versus Cameterium, 4. where they are laid ubi inferuntur, in a Grave, 6. Sepulchro, 6. by the Bearers, 5. a Vespillonibus, 5. and are interred ; & humanlur ; this is covered with hoc tegitur a Grave-stone, 7. Cippo, 7. and is adorned & ornatur with Tombs, 8. Monumentis, 8. and Epitaphs, 9. ac Epitaphiis, 9. As the Corps go along Funere prodeunte, Psalms are sung;, Hymni cantantur, and the Bells are rung, 10. l& Campana, 10. pulsantur. A Stage- play. cxxx. Ludus Scenicus-

In a Play-house, 1. In Theatro, 1. (which is trimmed (quod vestitur with Hangings, 2. and Tapetibus, 2. & covered w1th Curtains, 3.) tegitur Sipariis, 3.) Comedies and Tragedies are Comedice vel Tragoedia acted, aguntur, wherein memorablethings quibusrepraesentantur res- are represented ; memorabiles as here, the History ut hic, Historia of the Prodigal Son, 4. de Filio Prodigo, 4. and his Father, 5. & Pat re, 5. ipsius, by whom he isentertain'd, & quo recipitur, being return'd home. domum redux. The Players act Adores (Histriones) agunt being in disguise; personati ; the Fool, 6. maketh Jests. Morio, 6. dat Jocos. The chief of the Specta Spectatorum primarii, tors sit in the Gallery, 7. sedent in Orchestra, 7. the common sort stand plebs stat on the Ground, 8. in Cavea, 8. and clap the hands, & plaudit, if anything please them. si quid arridet. Sleights. CXXXI. Praestigiae.

The Tumbler, 1. Prastigiator, I. maketh several Shows facit varia Spectacula, by the nimbleness of his volubilitate body, walking to and fro corporis, deambulando on his hands, manibus, leaping saliendo through a Hoop, 2. &c. per Circulum, 2. &c. Sometimes also Interdum etiam he daneeth, 4. tripudiat, 4. having on a Vizzard. Larvatus. The Jugler, 3. Agyrta, 3. sheweth sleights, facit prastigias out of a Purse. & Marsupio. r '68 The Rope-dancer, 5. Funambulus, 5. goeth and danceth graditur & saltat upon a Rope, super Funem, holdeth a Poise, 6. tenens Halterem, 6. in his hand ; manu ; or hangeth himself aut suspendit se bySthe hand or foot, 7. &c. ,manu vel pede, 7. &c. The Fencing-School. CXXXII. Palestra.

Fencers Pugiles meet in a Duel congrediuntur Duello in a Fencing-place, in Palestra, fighting with Swords, 1. decertantes vel Gladiis, 1. or Pikes, ^. vel Hastilibus, 2. and Halberds, 3. & Bipennibus, 3. or Short-swords, 4. vel Semispathis, 4. or Rapiers, 5. vel Ensibus, 5. having balls at the point mucronem obligatis, (lest they wound one (ne laedet another mortally) lethaliter) or with two edged- Swords vel Frameis and a Dagger, 6. together. & Pug 1one, 6. simui. r Wrestlers, j. Luctatores, 7. (among the Romans (apud Romanos in time past were nayked olim nudi and anointed with Oyl) & inuncti Oleo) take hold of one another prehendunt se invicem and strive whether & annituntur uter can throw the other, alterum prosternere pos- especially by tripping up his sit, praeprimis heels, 8. supplantando, 8. Hood-winked Fencers, 9. Andabata, 9. fought with their fists in pugnabant pugnis a ridiculous strife, to wit, ridiculo certamine, with their Eyes coverered. nimirum Oculisobvelatis. Tennis-play. CXXXIII. Ludus Pilae.

In a Tennis Court, 1. In Spharisterio, 1. they play with a Ball, 2. luditur Pila, 2. which one throweth, quam alter mittit, and another taketh, alter excipit, and sendeth it back & remittit with a Racket, 3. Reticulo, 3. ( 170 and that is the Sport idque est Lusus of Noble Men Nubilium ad to stir their Body. commotionem Corporis. A Wind-ball, 4. Follis (pila magna), 4. being filled with Air, distenta Aere by means of a yen til, ope Epistomii, is tossed to and fro reverberberatur with the Fist, 5. Pug no, 5. in the open Air. sub Dio. Dice-plav CXXXIV. Ludus Aleae.

We play wua Dice, I. Tesseris (tal1s), 1. 1udi- either they that throw the mus vel Plistobolindam ; most take up all ; or we throw them vel immittimus illas through a Casting-box, 2. per Frittillum, 2. upon a Board, 3. in Tabellam, 3. marked with figures, notatam numeris, and this is Dice-players game idque est Ludas Sortilegii at casting Lots. Aleatorum, Men play by Luck and Sorte & Arte luditur Skills Tables. Calculis in a pair of Tables, 4. in Alveo aleatorio, 4. and at Cards, 5. & Chartis lusoriis, 5. We play at Chesse Ludimus Abaculis on a Chesse-board, 6. where in Abaco, 6. ubi only art beareth the sway. sola ars regnat. The most ingenious Ingeniosissimus Ludus Game is the Game of est Ludus Latrunculorumy Chesse, 7. wherein as it 7. quo veluti were two Armies duo Exercitus fight together in Battel. confligunt Praelio. Races. CXXXV. Cursus Certamina.

Boys exercise themselves Pueri exercent se by running, either upon cursu, sive super the Ice, 1. in Scrick-shoes, 2. Glaciem, \. Diabatris, 2. where they are carried also ubi etiam vehuntur upon Sleds, 3. or in the open Trahis, 3. sive in Campo, Field, making a Line, 4. designantes Lineam, 4. which he that desireth to quam qui vincere cupit win, ought to touch, but debet attingere, at not to run beyond it. non ultrd procurrere. Heretofore Runners, 5. Olim decurrebant Cur- run betwixt Rails, 6. sores, 5. inter Cqncellos, 6. to the Goal, 7. and ad Afetam, 7. & he that toucheth it first qui primum contingebat receiveth the Pri2e, 8. from eam, accipiebat Brabeum, him that gave the pri2e, 9. (pramiunf), 8. a Brabeuta, 9. At this day Tilting Hodie Hastiludia (or the quintain) is used, habentur, (where a Hoop, n. (ubi Circulus, n. is struck at with petitur a Truncheon, 10.) in Lancea, 10.) stead ot Horse-races, which loco Equiriorum, quae are grown out of use. abierunt in desuetudinem. Boys Sport. CXXXVI. Lndi Pueriles.

Boys use to play Pueri solent ludere either with Bowling-stones vel Globis fictilibus, 1. 1. or throwing a Bowl, 2. vel jactantes Globum, 2. at Nine-pins, 3. ad Conas, 3. or striking a Ball, vel mittentes Spharulam through a Ring, 5. per Annulum, 5. with a Bandy, 4. Clava, \. or scourging a Top, 6. versantes Turbinem, 6. with a Whip, 7. Flagello, 7. r 173 or shooting with a Trunk ,8. vel jaculantes Sclopo, 8. and a .Zfow, 9. or going & Arcu, 9. vel incidentes upon Stilts, 10. or tossing Grallis, 10. vel super and swinging themselves Petaurum, n.se upon a Merry-totter, n. agitantes & oscillantes.

CXXXVII. The Kingdom and the Region.

Regnum & Regio. Many Cities and Villages Multee Urbes & make a Region faciunt Regio nem and a Kingdom. & Regnum. The -#///£• or Prince re- Rex aut Princeps sideth in the M/V/ City, \. sedet in Metropoli. 1 the Noblemen, Lords, Nobiles, Barones, and Earls dwell & Comites habitant in the Castles, 2. in Arcibus, 2. that lie about it ; circumjacentibus ; the Country People Rustici dwell in Villages, 3. in /Vw, 3. r 174; He hath his toll-places Habet telonia sua upon navigable Rivers, 4. juxta Flumina navigabilia, and high- Roads, 5. 4. & Vias regias, 5. where Portage and Tollage ubi P or tor um & Vectigal is exacted of them exigitur that sail a navigantibns or travel. & iter facientibus. CXXXVIII. Regal Majesty. Regia Majestas.

The King, 1. Rex, 1. sitteth on his Throne, 2. sedet in suo Solio, 2. in Kingly State, in regio splendore, with a stately Habit, 3. magnifico Habitu, 3. crowned with a Diadem, 4. redimitus Diademate, 4. holding a Scepter, 5. tenens Sceptrum, 5. in his Hand, manu, being attended with stipatus a Company of Courtiers. frequentiiii Aulicorum. The chief among these, Inter hos primarii sunt are the Chancellor, 6. Cancellarius, 6. with the Counsellors cum Consiliariis r 175; and Secretaries, & Secretariis, the Lord-marshall, 7. Prafectus Pratorii, 7. the Comptroller, 8. Aula Magister, 8. the Cup-bearer, 9. Pocillator (pincerna), 9. the Taster, 10. Dapifer, 10. the Treasurer, n. Thesaurarius, n. the //i^ Chamberlain, 12. Archi-Cubicularius, 1 *. and the Master of the & Stabuli Mag ister, 13. Horse, 13. There are subordinate Subordinantur to these his the Noble Courtiers, 14. Nobiles Aulici, 14. the Noble Pages, 15. Nobile Famulitium, 15. with the Chamberlains, cum Cubiculariis, and Lacquies, 16. & Cursoribus, 16. the Guard, 17. Stipatores, 17. with their Attendance. cum Satellitio. He solemnly giveth Au Solemniter recipit dience to the Ambassadors Legatos of Foreign Princes, 18. exterorum, 18. He sendeth Ablegat his Vice-gerents, Vicarios suos, Deputies, Administratores, Governors, Treasurers, Prafectos, Quastores, and Ambassadors !c Legatoos, to other places, aliorsum, to whom he sendeth quibus mittit new Commissions ever Mandata nova and anon by the Posts, 19. subinde per Veredarios, 19. The Fool, 20. Morio, 20. maketh Laughter movet Risum by his toysom Actions. udicris Actionibus. The Soldier. CXXXIX. Miles.

If we be to make War Si bellandnm est Soldiers are lifted, 1. scribuntur Milites. \. Their Arms are Horum Arma sunt, a Head-piece, 2. Galea (Cassis, 2.) (which is adorned with a (quae ornatur Crest) and the Armour, Cristd) & Armatura, whose parts are a Collar,^. cujus partes Torquis fer- a Breast-plate, 4. reus, 3. Thorax, 4. Arm-pieces, 5. Brachialia, 5. Leg-pieces, 6. Ocrea fe rrea, 6. Greaves, j. Ma nieoe, 7. with a Ci>0/ 0/ Mail, 8. cum Lorica, 8. and a Buckler, 9. these & .SVa/fl (Clypeo), 9. are the defensive Arms. haec sunt Arma defensiva. The offensive are OfFensiva sunt a Sword, 10. Gladius, 10. a two-edged Sword, 1 1 . Framea, n. a Falchion, 12. & Acinaces, 12. which are put up into qui reconduntur a Scabbard, 13. Vagind, 13. and are girded with a accinguntur Cingu- rtfc, 14. or Belt, 15. lo, 14. vel Baltheo, 15. 7 ; (a Scarf, 16. (Fascia militaris, 16. serveth for ornament) inservit ornatui) a two handed- Sword, 17. Romphaa, 1 7. and a Dagger, 18. & Pugio, 1 8. In these is the Haft, 19. In his est Manubrium,\<). with the Pummel, 20. cum Pomo, 20. and the Blade, 21. & Verutum, 21. having a Point, 22. Cuspidatum, 22. in the middle are the in medio Back, 23. and the -fid^f

When a Design is under Expeditione sus- taken the Camp, 1. is ceptd, Castra, 1. pitched and the Tents of locantur & Tentoria Lin- Canvas, 2. or Straw, 3. teis, 2. vel Stramentis, 3. are fastned with Stakes ; fi g u n t u r P axil Us ; and they entrench them eaque circumdant, about for security's sake, securitatis gratid with Bulwarks, 4. Agger -ibus, 4. and Ditches, 5. & Fossis, 5. Excubice, Sentinels, 6. are also set ; 6. constituuntur; &.Ex- and Scouts, 7. are sent out. ploratores, 7. emittuntur. Sal lyings out, 8. Excursiones, 8. are made for Forage fiunt Pabulationis and Plunder-sake, where & Praedae causd, ubi they often cope with the saepius confligitur cum Enemy, 9. in skirmishing. Hostibus, 9. velitando. The Pavilion of the Tentorium Lord General is in the summi Imperatoris est in midst of the Camp, 10. medio Castronim, 10. The Army and the Fight. CXLI. Acies & Prcelium.

When the Battel Quando Pugna r '79; is to be fought the committenda est, Army is set in order, and Acies instruitur, & divided into the Front, 1. dividitur in Frontem, 1. the Rere, 2. Tergum, 2. and the Wings, 3. & Alas (Cornua), 3. The Foot, 4. Peditatus, 4. are intermixed intermiscetur with the Horse, 5. Equitatui, 5. That is divided Ille dist1nguitur into Companies, in Centurias, this into Troops. hic in Turmas. These carry Banners, 6. Illae in medio ferunt those Flags, 7. Vcxilla, 6. in the midst of them. hae Labara, 7. Their Officers are, Eorum Praefecti sunt, Corporals, Ensigns, Decuriones, Signiferi, Lieutenants, Captains, g. Vicarii, Centuriones, 8. Commanders of the Horse, 9. Magistri Equitum, 9. Lieutenant Colonels, Tribuni, Colonels, Chiliarcha, and he that is the chief of & summus omnium all, the General. Imperator. The Drummers, 10. TympanistoK, 10. and the Drumslades, 1 1. & Tympanotriba, \i. as also the Trumpeters, 12. ut & Tubicines, 12. call to Arms, vocant ad Arma and inflame the Soldier. & inflammant Militem. At the first Onset Pritno Conflictu, the Muskets, 13. and Bombarda, 13. & Ordnance, 14. are shot off. Tormenta,\^. exploduntur. Afterwards they fight, Postea pugnatur, 15. 15. hand to hand cominus with Pikes and Swords. Hastis & Gladiis. They that are overcome Victi are slain. \ 6. trucidantur, 16. or taken prisoners, vel capiuntur, or run away, 17. vel aufugiunt, 17. They that are for the Re Succenturiati, 18. serve, 1 8. come upon them superveniunt out of their places where ex insidiis. they lay in wait. The Carriages, 19. Impedimenta, 19. are plundered. spoliantur. The Sea- Fight. CXLII. Pugna Navalis.

A Sea-fight Navale pralium is terrible, terribile est, when huge Ships, quum ingentes Naves, like Castles, veluti Arces, run one upon another concurrunt with their Beaks, \. Rostris, 1. or shatter one another aut se invicem quassant with their Ordnance, 2. Tormentis, 2. • and so being bored thorow atque ita perforatae, they drink in imbibunt their own Destruction, perniciem suam and are sunk, 3. & submerguntur, 3. Or when they are set on Aut quum igne corripi- fireand either by the firing untur, & vel ex incendio of Gun-powder, 4. pulveris tormentarii, 4. men are blown up into the homines ejiciuntur in air, or are burnt in the aerem, vel exuruntur in midst of the waters, mediis aquis, or else leaping into the vel etiam desilientes in Sea are drowned. mare, suffbcantur. A Ship that flieth away, Navis fugitiva, 5. 5. is overtaken intercipitur by those that pursue her, 6. ab insequentibus, 6. and is taken. & capitur. CXLIII. The Besieging of a City. Obsidium Urbis.

A'City that Urbs is like to endure a Siege, passura Obsidionem, is first summoned primum provocatur by a Trumpeter, \. per Tubicinem, \. and persuaded to yield. & invitatur ad Depitionem. Which if it refuseth to do, Quod si abnuat facere, it is assaulted by the Be oppugnatur ab Obsidenti- siegers, and taken by bus & occupatur. storm. Either by climbing over Vel muros per Scalas, 2. the walls with Scaling-lad transcendendo, ders, 2. or breaking them down aut diruendo with Battering-engins, 3. Arietibus, 3. or demolishing them aut demoliendo with great Guns, 4. Tormentis, 4. or breaking through the vel dirumpendo Gates with a Petarr, 5. portas Exostra, 5. vel or casting Granadoes, 6. ejaculando Globos Tormen- out of Mortar-pieces, 7. tarios, 6. e Mortariis (balis- into the City, tis), 7. in Urbem by Engineers, 8. per Balistarios, 8. (who lye behind (qui latitant post Leagure baskets, 9.) Gerras, 9.) or overthrowing it with vel subvertendo Mines by Pioneers, 10. Cuniculis per Fossores, 10. They that are besieged Obsessi defend themselves defendunt se from the Walls, 1 1 . de Muris, n. with fire and stones, &c., ignibus, lapidibus, &c. or breakout by force, 12. aut erumpunt, \ 2. A City Urbs that is taken by Storm vi expugnata, is plundered, diriditur, destroyed. exciditur, and sometimes laid even interdum equatur with the ground. solo.

Religion. Religio.

Godliness, 1. Pietas, 1. the Queen of Vertues, Regina Virtutum worshippeth God, 4. devout colit Deum, 4. humiliter, ly, the Knowledge of God NoiitidDei, being drawn either from haustd vel ex the Book of Nature, 2. Libro Natura, 2. (for the work commendeth (nam opus commendat the Work-master) Artificem) or from the vel ex Book of Scripture, 3. Libro Scriptura, 3. she meditateth upon his recolit Commandmentscontained Mandata ejuscompre- in the Decalogue, 5. and hensa in Decalogo, 5. treading Reason under & conculcans Rationem, foot, that Barking Dog, 6. oblatrantem Canem, 6. she giveth Faith, 7. praebet Fidem, 7. and assent & assensum to the Word of God, Verbo Dei, and calleth upon him, 8. eumque invocat, 8. ut as a Helper in adversity. Opitulatorem in adversis. Divine Services Officia Divina r 'i are done in the Church, 9. fiunt in Templo, 9. in which are the Quire, 10. in quo est Penetrale (Ady with the Altar, 1 1. tum, 10.) cum Altari, n. the Vestry, 12. Sacrarium, \ 2. the Pulpit, 13. Suggestus, 13. Seats, 14. Subsellia, 14. Galleries, 15. Ambones, 15. and a /•,•///, 16. & Baptisterium, 16. All men perceive that Omnes homines senti- there is a God, unt esse Deum, but all men do not sed non omnes rightly know God. n6runt Deum. Hence are &\\CTS Religions Hinc diversae Religiones whereof IV. are reckoned quarum IV. numerantur yet as the chief. adhuc primariae. Gentilism. CXLV. Gentilimus.

The Gentiles feigned Gentiles finxerunt to themselves near upon sibi prope XIIM. Deities, XIIM. Numina. The chief of them were Eorum praecipua erant Jupiter, I. President, and Jupiter, 1 . Prases & petty- God of Heaven]; Deaster cozli ; (I Neptune, 2. of the Sea ; Neptunus, 2. Maris; Pluto, 3. of Hell; Pluto, 3. Inferni; Mars, 4. of War ; Mars, 4. Belli ; Afollo, 5. of Arts ; Apollo, 5. Artium ; Mercury, 6. of Thieves, Mercurius, 6. Furum, Merchants, Mercatorum, and Eloquence; & Eloquentiae; Vulcan, (Mulciber) Vulcanus (Mulciber), of Fire and Smiths; Ignis & Fabrorum; ALolus, of Winds : sEolus, Ventorum ; and the most obscene of & obscaenissimus, all the rest, Priapus. Priapus. They had also Habuerant etiam Womanly Deities: Muliebria Numina: such as were Venus, 7. qualia fuerunt Venus, 7. the Goddess of Loves, Dea Amorum, and Pleasures, with & Voluptatum, cum her little son Cupid, 8. filiolo Cupidine, 8. Minerva (Pallas'), with Minen'a (Pallas), cum the nine Muses of Arts ; novem Musis Artium ; Juno, of Riches and Wed Juno, Divitiarum &Nup- dings; Vesta, of Chastity; tiarum ; Vesta, Castitatis ; Ceres, of Corn ; Ceres, Frumentorum ; Diana, of Hunting, Diana, Venationum; and Fortune ; & Fortuna : and besides these Morbona, quin & Morbona, and Febris her self. ac Febris ipsa. The Egyptians, instead of God pro Deo worshipped all sorts colebant omne genus of Beasts and Plants, Animalium & Plantarum, and whatsoever they saw & quicquid conspicieban- first in the morning. tur primum mane. The Philistines offered Philistai offerebant to Moloch,g. their Children Molocho (Saturno), 9. In to be burnt alive, fantes cremandos vivos. The Indians, 10. even to Indi, 10. etiamnum this day, worship the venerantur Devil, 1 1 . Cacodamona, n.

Judaism. Judaismus.

Yet the true Worshtp Verus tamem Cultus of the true God, veri Dei, remained with the Patri remansitapud Patriarchas, archs, who lived before qui vixerunt ante and after the Flood. & post Diluvium. Amongst these, Inter hos, that Seed of the Woman, Semen illud Mulieris, the Messias of the World, Messias Mundi, was promised to Abraham, promissus est Abrahamo. 1 . 1. the Founder of the Jews, Conditori Judaorum, the Father of them that Patri credentit1m : believe: and he (being & ipse (avocatus called away from the Gen a Gentilibus) tiles) with his Posterity, cum Posteris, beingmarked with the .Sar- notatus Sacra rament of Circumcision, 2. mento Circumcisionis, 2. made a peculiar people, constitutus singularis and Church of God. populus, & Ecclesia Dei. Afterwards God Postea Deus gave his Law, written exhibuit Legem suam, with his own Finger scriptam Digito suo in Tables of Stone, 5. in Tabulis Lapideis, 5. to this people huic Populo ( by Moses, 3. per Mosen, 3. in Mount Sinai, 4. in Monte Sinai, 4. Furthermore, he ordained Porro ordinavit the eating the Paschal manducationem AgniPas- Lamb, 6. and Sacrifices to chalis, 6. & Sacrificia be offered upon an Altar, 7. offerenda in Altari, 7. by Priests, 8. per Sacer dotes, 8. and Incense, 9. and com & Suffitus, 9. & jussit manded a Tabernacle, 10. Tabernaculum, \ o. with the Ark of the Cov cum Arca Foederis, enant, n. to be made: n. fieri : and besides, praeterea, a bra2en Serpent, 12. • aneum Serpentem, 12. to be set up against the erigi contra biting of Serpents in the morsum Serpentum in Wilderness. Deserto. All which things Quae omnia were Types of the Messias Typi erant Messia to come, whom venturi, quem the yews yet look for. i adhuc expectant. Chrisfinnirv. CXLVII. Christianismus.

The only begotten eter- Un1gc11uus a-iuums nal Son of God, 3. Dei Filius, 3. being promised to prom1ssus our first Parents in Para Protoplastis in Paradiso, dise, at the last being: con tandem con ceived by the Holy Ghost, cept us per Sanctum Spirit- in the most Holy Womb um in sanctissimo utero of the Virgin Mary, 1. of Virginis Maria, \ . the royal house of David de domo regid Davidis, and clad with humane & indutus hum an. -i flesh, came into the World carne, prodiit in mundum at Bethlehem of Judaa, Bethlehema Judad, in the extream poverty in summa paupertate of a Stable, 2. Stabuli, 2. in the fullness of time, impleto tempore, in the year of the world Anno Mundi 3970, 3970, but pure from all sin, sed mundus ab omni pec- and the name of Jesus cato & nomen Jesu was given him, impositum fuit ei, which signifieth a Saviour. quod significat Salvatorem. When he was sprinkled Hic, cum imbueretur with holy Baptism, 4. sacro Baptismo, 4. (the Sacrament (Sacramento of the new Covenanf) novi Faderis) by John his Forerunner,5- A Johanne p1xcursore suo, in Jordan, 5. in Jordane apparuit the most sacred Mystery sacratissimum Mysterium of the divine Trinity, Divinae Trinitatis, appear'd by the Father 's Patris voice, 6. (whereby he testi voce, 6. (qua testabatur fied that this was his Son) hunc esse Filium suum) and the Holy Ghost in the & Spiritu sancto shape of a Dove, 7. coming in specie Columba, 7. down from Heaven. delabente coelitus. From that time, being Ab eo tempore, the 30th year of his Age, tricesim0anno aetatissuae, unto the fourth year, he usque an annum quartum, declared who he was, his declaravit quis esset, words and works manifest verbis & operibus prae se ing his Divinity, being ferentibus Divinitatem, neither owned, nor enter necagnitus, nec acceptus tained by the ^«w,because a Judais, ob ofhis voluntary poverty. voluntariam pauperatem.

r 189 He was at last taken by Captus tandem ab these (when he had first lis (quum prius in- instituted the Mystical Sup stituisset Canam Mysticam, per, 8. of his Body and Blood \. Corp orts & Sanguinis sui, for a Seal n Sigillum of the new Covenant and the novi Faderis, & remembrance of himself) ui recordationem) carried to the Judgment- raptus ad Tribunal seat of Pilate, Pilati, Governour under Casar, Praefecti Casar ei, accused and condemned accusatus & damnatus est as an innocent Lamb _,- and Agnus innocentissimus; being fastned upon a Cross, actusque in Crucem, 9. 9. he dyed, being mortem subiit, sacrificed upon the Altar mmolatus in ar& for the sins of the World. pro peccatis mundi. But when he had revived Sed quum revixisset by his Divine Power, he Divind su& Virtute, rose again the third day resurrexit tertia die out of the Grave, 10. e Sepulchro, 10. and forty days after & post dies XL. being taken up sublatus from Mount Olivet, n, de Monte Olive ti, n. into Heaven, 12. in Calum, 12. and returning thither & eo rediens whence he came, unde venerat, he vanished as it were, quasi evanuit, while the Apostles, 13. Apostolis, 13. gazed upon him, aspectantibus, to whom he sent quibus misit his Holy Spirit, 14. Spiritum Sanctum, 14. from Heaven, the tenth day de Calo, decima after his Ascension, die post Ascensum, and them, (being ipsos vero, (hac filled with his power) virtute impletos) into the World in Mundum to preach of him; praedicaturos ; being henceforth to come olim rediturus again to the last Judgment ad Judicium extremum, sitting in the mean time interea sedens

( '9° ) at the right hand ad dextram of the Father, Patris, and interceding for us. & intercedens pro nobis. From this Christ we Ab hoc Christo are called Christians, and dicimur Christiani, are saved in him alone. inque eo solo salvamur. Mahometism. CXLVIIl. Mahometismus.

Matwmet, \. Mahomet, I . a warlike Man, Homo bellator, invented to himself excogitabat sibi a new Religion, novam Religionem, mixed with Judaism, mixtam ex Judaismo, Christianity and Gentilism, Christianismo & Gentilismo, by the advice of a Jew, 2. consilio Judai, 2. and an Arian Monk, 3. & Monachi Ariani, 3. named Sergius; feierning, nomine Sergii ; fingens, whilst he had the Fit of dum laboraret Epilepsia, the Falling-sickness, that the Archangel Gabriel Archangelum Gabrielem, and the Holy Ghost, & Spiritum Sanctum, talked with him, secum colloqui, using a Pigeon, 4. adsuefaciens Columbam, 4. to fetch Meat petere Escam out of his Ear. ex Aure sua. His Followers Assecla ejus refrain themselves abstinent se from Wine; are circumcised, circumciduntur, have many Wives ; sunt P oly gami ; build Chapels, 5. exstruunt Sacella, 5. from the Steeples whereof, de quorum Turriculis, they are called to Holy convocantur ad sacra Service not by Bells, non a Campanis, but by a Priest, 6. they sed a Sacerdote* 6. wash themselves often, 7. saepius se abluunt, 7. they deny theZfWy Trinity: negant SS. Trinitatem : they honour Christ, Christum honorant, not as the Son of God, non ut Dei Filium, but as a great Prophet, sed ut magnum Prophetam, yet less than Mahomet ; minorem lamenAfaliome/e; they call their Law, Legem suam vocant the Alchoran. Alcoran. Gods Providence. CXLIX. Providentia Dei.

Mens States Humanae Sortes (192.) are not to be attributed non tribuendae sunt to Fortune or Chance, Fortuna aut Casui, or the Influence of the Stars, aut Influxui Siderum, (Comets, 1. (Come ta, \. indeed are wont to por quidem solent nihil boni tend no good) portencere) but to the provident sed provido Eye of God, 2. Dei Oculo, 2. and to his governing Hand, & ejusdem Manui rectrici,$. 3. even our Sights, etiam n0strae Prudentia, or Oversights, vel Imprudentia, or even our Faults. vel etiam Noxa. God hath his Ministers Deus habet Ministros and Angels, 4. suos, & Angelos, 4. who accompany a Man, 5. qui associant se Homini,$. from his birth, d. nativitate ejus, as Guardians, ut Custodes, against wicked Spirits, contra malignos Spirituf, or the Devil, 6. seu Diabolum, 6. who every minute qui minutatim layeth wait for him, struit insidias ei, to tempt ad tentandum and vex him. vel vexandum. Wo to the mad Vae dementibus Wi22ards and Witches Magis & Lamiis who give themselves to qui Cacodaemoni se the Devil, dedunt (being inclosed in a Cir (inclusi Circulo, 7. cle, 7. calling upon him eum advocantes with Charms) Incantamentis) they dally with him, cum eo colludunt and fall from God ! & :i Deo deficiunt ! for they shall receive their nani cum illo reward with him. mercedem accipient. The Last Judgment. CL. Judicium extremum.

For the last day Nam dies novissima shall come veniet, which shall raise up the quae resuscitabit Mortu- Dead. 2. with the sound of os, 2. voce Tuba, 1. a Trumpet, 1. and summon & citabit Vinos, the Quick with them cum illis to the Judgment- seat ad Tribunal of Christ Jesus, 3. Jesu Christi, 3. (appearing in the Clouds) (apparentis in Nubibus) to give an Account ad reddendam rationem of all things done. omnium actorum. When the Godly & Elect^. Ubi/H (justi) &Electi, 4. shall enter into life eter introibunt in vitam aeter- nal into the place of Bliss, nam,in locum Beatitudinis and the new Hierusalem, 5. & novum Hierosolymam, 5. But the Wicked Impii vero. and the damned, 6. & damnati, 6. shall be thrust into Hell$. cum Cacodamonibus, 7. in with the Devils, 7. to be Gehennum, 8. detrudentur, there tormented for ever. ibi cruciandi aeternum.

The Close. Clausula.

Thus thou hast seen in Ita vidisti summatim short, all things res omnes that can be shewed, quje poterunt ostendi, and hast learned & didicisti the chief Words Voces primarias of the English and Latin Anglica & Latina Tongue. Lingua. Go on now Perge nunc and read other good Books & lege diligenter alias diligently, bonos Libros, and thou shalt become ut lias learned, wise, and godly. doctus, sapiens, &//«. Remember these things; Memento horum ; fear God, and call upon Deum time, & invoca him, that he may bestow eum, ut largiatur upon thee tibi the Spirit of Wisdom. Spiritum Sapientia. Farewell. Vale. INDEX TITULORUM. Cap. A. Pag. E. 141 A cies& Praelium 178 106 'pclipses 131 6 Aer 10 83 Eques 102 46 Agricultura 58 76 Equile 194 33 Amphibia 40 109 Ethica 36 43 Animi hominis 54 108 Europa 134 19 Animalia & primum F. Aves 24 68 paber Ferrarius 85 7 Aqua 12 63 Faber lignarius 79 13 Arbor 17 64 Faber murarius 80 119 Arbor Consanguin- 30 Ferae Bestiae 36 itatis 150 29 Ferae Pecudes 35 128 Ars Medica 163 70 Figulus 87 91 Ars Scriptoria 112 15 Flores 20 99 Artes Sermonis 121 113 Fortitudo 141 52 Aucupium 65 14 Fructus Arborum 18 24 Aves Aquaticae 30 17 Fruges 22 22 Aves Campestres & 1 8 Frutices 2j Sylvestres 28 G. 20 Aves Domesticae 25 145 Oentilismus 184 23 Aves Rapaces 29 102 Geometria 126 B. H. 74 Dalneum 91 36 TJomo 43 95 Bibilopegus 117 77 Horologia 95 94 Bibliopolium 116 45 Hortorum cultura 56 115 Humanitas 144 C. 72 Hypocaustum cum 41 /~^anales & Ossa 50 Dormitorio 89 39 Caput & Manus 47 I. 40 Caro & Viscera 49 Ignis 8 140 Castra 177 32 Insecta repentia 38 147 Christianismus 187 25 Insecta volantia 31 4 Coelum 7 i00 InstrumentaMusica 53 Convivium 72 123 55 Coquinaria 68 123 Interiora Urbis 156 135 Cursus Certamina 171 Invitatio i D. 146 Judaismus 186 44 T^eformes & Mon- 124 Indicium 157 strosi 55 150 Jud'm extremum 193 2 Deus 5 28 Jumenta 34 96 Domus 82 116 Justitia 145 INDEX TITULORUM. L. P. 12 Tapides 15 132 palaestra 168 54 ' Lanionia 67 50 Panificium 63 96 Liber 118 92 Papyrus 113 1 17 Liberalitas 147 71 Panes Domus 88 61 Lintea 76 114 Patientia 142 134 Ludus Aleae 170 27 Pecora 33 136 Ludi pueriles 172 47 Pecuaria 59 133 Ludus Pilae 169 105 Phases Lunae 130 130 Ludus Scenicus 166 101 Philosophia 125 78 Pictura 96 . 51 Piscatio 64 65 VJachinae 81 34 Pisces Fluviatiles 41 148 Mahometismus 104 Planet. Aspectus 129 190 131 Praestigiae 167 35 Marinae Pisces & 149 Providentia Dei 191 Conchae 42 1 10 Prudentia 137 48 Mellificium 61 142 Pugna Navalis 180 38 Membra Hominis Ex- 73 Putei 90 terna 45 127 Mensurae & Pondera • 162 26 ("\uadrupedia &pri- 126 Mercatura 161 eC mum Domestica 32 67 Metallifodina 84 R. 1t Metalla 15 138 Degia Majestas 174 139 Miles 176 137 Regnum & Regio 49 Molitura 62 173 3 Mundus 6 144 Rel1g1o 183 98 Museum 120 81 Restio & Lorarius 99 62 Oartor 77 N. 97 Schola 119 17 T^atats 107 69 Scrlniarius & Torna- 90 Naufragium 1n tor 86 88 Navis actuaria 108 1n Sedulitas 139 89 Navis oneraria 109 42 Sensus extern! & in- 8 Nubes 12 terni 52 37 Septum ^Etat. Hom v»»o inis 44 143 ("\bsidium Urbis 181 129 Sepultura 165 16 Olera 21 31 Serpentes & Reptilia 21 Oscines 27 37 INDEX TITULORUM. 118 Societas Conjugalis 75 Tonstrina 93 144 59 Tractio Lini 74 121 Societas Herilis 153 86 Transitus Aqua'm 106 120 Soc'tas Parentalis 152 93 Typographia 114 79 Specularia 97 V. 103 Sphaera coelestis 127 85 Vfectura 105 107 Sphaera terrestris 132 84 Vehicula 103 125 Supplicia Malefici- 53 Venatus 66 orum 159 82 Viator 100 63 Sutor 78 80 Vietor 98 T. 56 Vindemia 70 112 '"Temperantia 140 122 Urbs 144 9 Terra 13 Z. 10 Terrae foetus 14 57 Vythopceia 71 60 Textura 75

An Index of the Titles.

Chap. A. Page. 143 The Besieging of a City 37 ^he Seven Ages of 181 Man 44 1 9 Birds 24 6 The Air 10 22 Birds that live in the 33 Amphibious Creatures Fields and Woods 28 4° 23 Ravenous Birds 29 105 The Apparitions of the 21 Singing Birds 27 Moon 1 30 4 1 The Chanels and Bones 141 The Army and the 5° Fight 178 96 A Book 1 1 8 99 Arts belonging to Speech 95 The Book-binder \ \ 7 121 94 The Book-sellers Shop 104 The Aspects of the Pla 116 nets 129 69 The Box-maker 86 B. 126 Boys Sports 172 74 ^he Bath 91 50 Bread-baking 63 75 The Barbers Shop 93 57 Brewing 71 28 Labouring Beasts 34 129 A Burial 165 30 Wild Beasts 36 54 Butchery 67 AN INDEX OF THE TITLES.

C. E. 9 rT*he Earth 13 103 rT^<«/ 72 63 The Carpenter 79 132 7/fc Fencing- School 27 Herd-Cattle 33 168 29 Wild-Cattle 35 1 UO 4 1 7%# Chanels and Bones 5 ^/>« 17 139 The Souldier 176 69 7£

Trinuni Deo Gloria.

FINIS.