DOCSLIB.ORG

Quantification of Flow Parameters in Complex

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Quantification of Flow Parameters in Complex QUANTIFICATION OF FLOW PARAMETERS IN COMPLEX VASCULATURE FLOW PHANTOMS USING CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASOUND METHOD ASAWARI PAWAR Bachelors of Technology in Biomedical Engineering Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil University June, 2012 Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING at the CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2015 We hereby approve this thesis of Asawari Pawar Candidate for the Master of Science in Biomedical Engineering degree for the Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and the CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY College of Graduate Studies _________________________________________________________________ Thesis Chairperson, Dr. Gregory T. Clement _________________________________________ Department & Date _________________________________________________________________ Thesis Committee Member, Dr. Joanne M. Belovich _________________________________________ Department & Date _________________________________________________________________ Thesis Committee Member, Dr. Chandra Kothapalli _________________________________________ Department & Date Student’s Date of Defense: 8/4/2015 ii This thesis is dedicated to my parents Asha Pawar & Prakash Pawar, my sister Amita Pawar and my best friend Sidharth Oberoi iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to thank God the almighty for providing me this opportunity and granting me the capability to do this thesis project. I owe a debt of gratitude to my thesis advisor and principal investigator at Cleveland Clinic, Dr. Gregory Clement, he was the first to welcome me into the clinic and encourage my participation in clinical ultrasound lab. I am grateful for his help laying out a fascinating project that I am proud to have been a part. But most of all, I will remember his unconditional and genuine support and quick wit. I would like to offer my sincere thanks to my thesis committee members, Dr. Kothapalli and Dr. Belovich for always being encouraging throughout my study and research. In addition, I express my appreciation to Dr. Kothapalli and Dr. Belovich for giving me valuable suggestions, helpful ideas and constant support. Also I would like to thank the clinic team members for all their help especially; Mark Howell for his untiring support, without him this thesis would not be possible. I would like to thank my family and my sister for all the trust and support they showed me. Last but not the least; I would like to thank Sidharth Oberoi, the most reliable friend and a beautiful soul one could have, who I absolutely adore. I would have never learned the lessons of life and grown into a stronger person had I never made the decision to be with you. He played a crucial role in my evolution as a person today I am. Thank you for standing tall by me, appreciating me in whatever I did and choosing me to be a part of your life . I will be grateful to him forever. iv QUANTIFICATION OF FLOW PARAMETERS IN COMPLEX VASCULATURE FLOW PHANTOMS USING CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASOUND METHOD ASAWARI PAWAR ABSTRACT Currently, there are few simple-to-construct in vitro, wall-less phantoms that have accurate acoustic properties while mimicking the complex normal and neoplastic geometries of the vascular network. The purpose of this study was to develop agar-based tissue-mimicking phantoms (TMP) to model such networks and to quantify the mean intensity and the slope measurements of the ultrasound flow. Three types of vascular networks were developed; (1) single vessel, (2) multi-vessel with artery bifurcations and (3) multi-vessel with artery bifurcations and structural abnormalities typical of diseased (tumor) vascular networks. Bolus injections of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) were performed under varying flow conditions relevant to our ongoing work in developing techniques to simultaneously quantify both the total volume and flow measurements within a tumor phantom The correlation coefficient between the mean slope measurements and the least squares fitted line was all higher than 0.95, indicating a good linear relationship between the mean slope and the flow-rates. For all single-vessel flow phantom data, the mean proportional difference of the slope measurements and flow-rate was 0.695 ± 0.18 (mean ± SD). It was found that the correlation coefficient between the mean slope v measurements and the least squares fitted line is 0.90, indicating a good linear correlation between the single-vessel and Multi-vessel flow phantoms. However, the parameters obtained from tumor region 1, 2 and 3 did not show any significant flow pattern and correlation after contrast injection of UCAs. Finally, the slope measurements of intensity at the tumor regions in-flow and out-flow demonstrated the nonlinear and undefined relationship between the measured intensity and varied flow-rates. Ideally, most information could be obtained when intensities at both the input and the output of the tumor periphery are measured. For further studies, alternative modeling of the problem is required because in physiology, microvasculature flow system has multiple input vessels and multiple output vessels. Developing new time-intensity-based techniques is the focus of future research. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………..……………………………………………………..……..……………....v List of Tables……………………………………………...……..…………..………………………………...…..xi List of Figures……………….……….…………………………………...……………………………...……..xiii CHAPTER I. Introduction………………………………….………………...…………………….…………….....1 II. Background………………………………………………………………………………………..….6 2.1 The Circulatory System……………………………………………………………...6 2.1.1 General Description……………………………………………………..6 2.1.2 Normal Vasculature……………………………………………………..8 2.2 Diseased Microcirculation………………………………………………………….9 2.2.1 General Description……………………………………………………..9 2.2.2 Angiogenesis………………………………………………………….…..10 2.2.3 Tumor vascular……………………………………………………….…11 2.3 Techniques to measure Microcirculation Blood Flow………………..12 2.4 Principles of Ultrasound Imaging……………………………………………..13 2.4.1 DCE-US - Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound……………………..17 vii 2.4.2 DCE CT - Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography……………………………….......................................................19 2.5 Contrast agents…………………………………….…………………………………20 2.5.1 Microbubble Material Preparation……………………………...23 2.5.2 Detection of Microbubbles UCAs…………………………………25 2.5.2.1. Non-linear behavior of Microbubbles…25 2.5.2.2. Relevant Studies…………………………………27 2.5.2.3. Principles for Evaluating the Microvasculature with Contrast Agents……………………………………………..…28 2.5.2.4. Evaluating the Microvasculature with Contrast Agents…………………………………………………….....29 2.6 Flow Phantoms models……………………………………………………………31 2.6.1 Single-vessel flow phantom model…………………………...35 2.6.2. Multi-vessel Flow Model………………………………………….37 2.6.3. Tumor Vessel Flow Model………………………………………37 III. MATERIALS & METHODS……………………………………………………………………42 viii 3.1 Preparation of Ultrasound Contrast Agents (UCAs) Microbubbles………………………………………………………………………………..42 3.1.1. Selection of Internal Gas: Octafluoropropane………........42 3.1.2. Selection of Outer Lipid Shell………...……………………….…..43 3.1.3. Preparation of Stock Solution………………………………...…45 3.1.4. Observation of Microbubbles under Microscope………49 3.1.5. Analysis of Microbubbles using Invitrogen Counting Chamber………………………………………………..………………..49 3.2 Preparation of Tissue-mimicking vascular flow phantoms……..….50 3.2.1 Single vessel flow Phantom………………………………………...50 3.2.2 Multi-vessel Flow phantom…………………………………….......56 3.2.3 Tumor-vasculature flow phantom………………………………60 IV. RESULTS & DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………………..68 4.1 RESULTS…………………………………………………………………………………………..68 4.1.1. Ultrasound Contrast agents………………………….………………….68 4.1.2. Detection by Ultrasound………………………………………….71 4.1.3. Tissue-mimicking vascular flow phantom experiments…………………………………………………………….73 ix 4.1.3.1. Single Vessel Flow Phantom…………………………………………….77 4.1.3.2. Multi-Vessel Flow Phantom………….……..79 4.1.3.3. Slopes vs. Flow-rate for Single vessel and multi-vessel flow phantoms………………86 4.1.4. Measurement of Intensity (Maximum Intensity, Imax) at Different flow-rat….......................................................................89 4.1.5. Ultrasound based velocity measurements…………..…….89 4.1.6. Tumor vasculature flow phantoms……………………….…..92 4.1.7. Computed Tomography (CT): Comparative study of Vessel diameter measurement…………………………………97 4.1.7.1. Data analysis…………………………………...…97 4.2. Discussion…………………………………………………………………………….103 V. Conclusions & Recommendations……………………………………………………….107 5.1 Conclusions………………………………………………………………..…………107 5.1Recommendations…………..…………………..…………………………………119 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………….………………………….111 APPENDIX………………………………………………………………………………………………………..134 x LIST OF TABLES Table Page I. The B-mode Ultrasound imaging parameters……….…………………………………...55 II. The B-mode ultrasound imaging-experimental parameters for single-vessel and multi-vessel phantom………………………………………………………………………..56 III. Summary of the derived slopes of the time-intensity curves with different flow-rates and imaging planes within a single-vessel flow phantom………….78 IV. Summary of the derived slopes of the time-intensity curves with different flow-rates and imaging planes within a single-vessel flow phantom…………..80 V. The maximum intensity vs. Flow-rates in single vessel flow Phantom………..83 VI. The maximum intensity vs. Flow-rates in a multi-vessel flow Phantom…………………………………………………………………………………………………85 VII. The summary of the ultrasound based velocity measurements derived from the distance
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sulfur Hexafluoride Hazard Summary Identification
    Common Name: SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE CAS Number: 2551-62-4 RTK Substance number: 1760 DOT Number: UN 1080 Date: April 2002 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- HAZARD SUMMARY * Sulfur Hexafluoride can affect you when breathed in. * If you think you are experiencing any work-related health * Sulfur Hexafluoride can irritate the skin causing a rash or problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational burning feeling on contact. Direct skin contact can cause diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. frostbite. * Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely * Sulfur Hexafluoride may cause severe eye burns leading evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area to permanent damage. air samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results * Breathing Sulfur Hexafluoride can irritate the nose and from your employer. You have a legal right to this throat. information under OSHA 1910.1020. * Breathing Sulfur Hexafluoride may irritate the lungs causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. Higher WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS exposures can cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency, with severe (PEL) is 1,000 ppm averaged over an 8-hour shortness of breath. workshift. * High exposure can cause headache, confusion, dizziness, suffocation, fainting, seizures and coma. NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is * Sulfur Hexafluoride may damage the liver and kidneys. 1,000 ppm averaged over a 10-hour workshift. * Repeated high exposure can cause deposits of Fluorides in the bones and teeth, a condition called “Fluorosis.” This ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is may cause pain, disability and mottling of the teeth.
    [Show full text]
  • Drug-Induced Anaphylaxis in China: a 10 Year Retrospective Analysis of The
    Int J Clin Pharm DOI 10.1007/s11096-017-0535-2 RESEARCH ARTICLE Drug‑induced anaphylaxis in China: a 10 year retrospective analysis of the Beijing Pharmacovigilance Database Ying Zhao1,2,3 · Shusen Sun4 · Xiaotong Li1,3 · Xiang Ma1 · Huilin Tang5 · Lulu Sun2 · Suodi Zhai1 · Tiansheng Wang1,3,6 Received: 9 May 2017 / Accepted: 19 September 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract Background Few studies on the causes of (50.1%), mucocutaneous (47.4%), and gastrointestinal symp- drug-induced anaphylaxis (DIA) in the hospital setting are toms (31.3%). A total of 249 diferent drugs were involved. available. Objective We aimed to use the Beijing Pharma- DIAs were mainly caused by antibiotics (39.3%), traditional covigilance Database (BPD) to identify the causes of DIA Chinese medicines (TCM) (11.9%), radiocontrast agents in Beijing, China. Setting Anaphylactic case reports from (11.9%), and antineoplastic agents (10.3%). Cephalospor- the BPD provided by the Beijing Center for Adverse Drug ins accounted for majority (34.5%) of antibiotic-induced Reaction Monitoring. Method DIA cases collected by the anaphylaxis, followed by fuoroquinolones (29.6%), beta- BPD from January 2004 to December 2014 were adjudi- lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors (15.4%) and penicillins cated. Cases were analyzed for demographics, causative (7.9%). Blood products and biological agents (3.1%), and drugs and route of administration, and clinical signs and plasma substitutes (2.1%) were also important contributors outcomes. Main outcome measure Drugs implicated in DIAs to DIAs. Conclusion A variety of drug classes were impli- were identifed and the signs and symptoms of the DIA cases cated in DIAs.
    [Show full text]
  • Tanibirumab (CUI C3490677) Add to Cart
    5/17/2018 NCI Metathesaurus Contains Exact Match Begins With Name Code Property Relationship Source ALL Advanced Search NCIm Version: 201706 Version 2.8 (using LexEVS 6.5) Home | NCIt Hierarchy | Sources | Help Suggest changes to this concept Tanibirumab (CUI C3490677) Add to Cart Table of Contents Terms & Properties Synonym Details Relationships By Source Terms & Properties Concept Unique Identifier (CUI): C3490677 NCI Thesaurus Code: C102877 (see NCI Thesaurus info) Semantic Type: Immunologic Factor Semantic Type: Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Semantic Type: Pharmacologic Substance NCIt Definition: A fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), with potential antiangiogenic activity. Upon administration, tanibirumab specifically binds to VEGFR2, thereby preventing the binding of its ligand VEGF. This may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and a decrease in tumor nutrient supply. VEGFR2 is a pro-angiogenic growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by endothelial cells, while VEGF is overexpressed in many tumors and is correlated to tumor progression. PDQ Definition: A fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), with potential antiangiogenic activity. Upon administration, tanibirumab specifically binds to VEGFR2, thereby preventing the binding of its ligand VEGF. This may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and a decrease in tumor nutrient supply. VEGFR2 is a pro-angiogenic growth factor receptor
    [Show full text]
  • Selection and Evaluation of a Silver Nanoparticle Imaging Agent for Dual-Energy Mammography
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2014 Selection and Evaluation of a Silver Nanoparticle Imaging Agent for Dual-Energy Mammography Roshan Anuradha Karunamuni University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Biomedical Commons Recommended Citation Karunamuni, Roshan Anuradha, "Selection and Evaluation of a Silver Nanoparticle Imaging Agent for Dual- Energy Mammography" (2014). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1326. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1326 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1326 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Selection and Evaluation of a Silver Nanoparticle Imaging Agent for Dual-Energy Mammography Abstract Over the past decade, contrast-enhanced (CE) dual-energy (DE) x-ray breast imaging has emerged as an exciting, new modality to provide high quality anatomic and functional information of the breast. The combination of these data in a single imaging procedure represents a powerful tool for the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. The most widely used implementation of CEDE imaging is k-edge imaging, whereby two x-ray spectra are placed on either side of the k-edge of the contrast material. Currently, CEDE imaging is performed with iodinated contrast agents. The lower energies used in clinical DE breast imaging systems compared to imaging systems for other organs suggest that an alternative material may be better suited. We developed an analytical model to compare the contrast of various elements in the periodic table. The model predicts that materials with atomic numbers from 42 to 52 should provide the best contrast in DE breast imaging while still providing high-quality anatomical images.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Better Use of Clinical Trials
    Making better use of clinical trials Computational decision support methods for evidence-based drug benefit-risk assessment ZOL OFT PAXIL PLACEBO 75 PROZAC 20mg Gert van Valkenhoef Making better use of clinical trials Computational decision support methods for evidence-based drug benefit-risk assessment Proefschrift ter verkrijging van het doctoraat in de Medische Wetenschappen aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen op gezag van de Rector Magnificus, dr. E. Sterken, in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 19 december 2012 om 14:30 uur door Gerardus Hendrikus Margondus van Valkenhoef geboren op 25 juli 1985 te Amersfoort Promotores: Prof. dr. J.L. Hillege Prof. dr. E.O. de Brock Copromotor: Dr. T.P. Tervonen Beoordelingscommissie: Prof. dr. A.E. Ades Prof. dr. E.R. van den Heuvel Prof. dr. M.J. Postma ISBN 978-90-367-5884-0 (PDF e-book) iii This thesis was produced in the context of the Escher Project (T6-202), a project of the Dutch Top Institute Pharma. The Escher Project brings together university and pharmaceutical partners with the aim of energizing pharmaceutical R & D by iden- tifying, evaluating, and removing regulatory and methodological barriers in order to bring efficacious and safe medicines to patients in an efficient and timely fashion. The project focuses on delivering evidence and credibility for regulatory reform and policy recommendations. The work was performed at the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen (2009 – 2010), at the Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen (2010-2012), and during a series of research visits to the Depart- ment of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol.
    [Show full text]
  • Gasket Chemical Services Guide
    Gasket Chemical Services Guide Revision: GSG-100 6490 Rev.(AA) • The information contained herein is general in nature and recommendations are valid only for Victaulic compounds. • Gasket compatibility is dependent upon a number of factors. Suitability for a particular application must be determined by a competent individual familiar with system-specific conditions. • Victaulic offers no warranties, expressed or implied, of a product in any application. Contact your Victaulic sales representative to ensure the best gasket is selected for a particular service. Failure to follow these instructions could cause system failure, resulting in serious personal injury and property damage. Rating Code Key 1 Most Applications 2 Limited Applications 3 Restricted Applications (Nitrile) (EPDM) Grade E (Silicone) GRADE L GRADE T GRADE A GRADE V GRADE O GRADE M (Neoprene) GRADE M2 --- Insufficient Data (White Nitrile) GRADE CHP-2 (Epichlorohydrin) (Fluoroelastomer) (Fluoroelastomer) (Halogenated Butyl) (Hydrogenated Nitrile) Chemical GRADE ST / H Abietic Acid --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Acetaldehyde 2 3 3 3 3 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetamide 1 1 1 1 2 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetanilide 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetic Acid, 30% 1 2 2 2 1 --- 2 1 2 3 Acetic Acid, 5% 1 2 2 2 1 --- 2 1 1 3 Acetic Acid, Glacial 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 2 3 3 Acetic Acid, Hot, High Pressure 3 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 3 3 Acetic Anhydride 2 3 3 3 2 --- 3 3 --- 3 Acetoacetic Acid 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetone 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 3 3 Acetone Cyanohydrin 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetonitrile 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- --- --- 3 Acetophenetidine 3 2 2 2 3 --- --- --- --- 1 Acetophenone 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 --- 3 Acetotoluidide 3 2 2 2 3 --- --- --- --- 1 Acetyl Acetone 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 --- 3 The data and recommendations presented are based upon the best information available resulting from a combination of Victaulic's field experience, laboratory testing and recommendations supplied by prime producers of basic copolymer materials.
    [Show full text]
  • AP0599 Nanoparticle Decoration of Carbon Nanotubes by Sputtering
    Hiden Reference: AP0599 Hiden Product: EQP 1000 Nanoparticle decoration of carbon nanotubes by sputtering Nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are effective chemical and biological sensors, surfaces for heterogeneous catalysis, photovoltaics, and conformal thermal interface materials for electronics. The particle morphology on the CNT sidewalls strongly affects the properties and performance of metal-nanotube hybrids for such applications. Often nanoparticles are deposited by electrochemical methods, which generally require time consuming treatments with strong acid for surface defect production, which can result in a compromise of the intrinsic mechanical or transport properties of the CNTs, inhibiting their multi-functionality. We have examined physical vapor deposition techniques as scalable alternatives to electrochemical treatment for in situ growth of metal nanoparticles on the sidewalls of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Vapor phase growth of gold, nickel and titanium metal nanoparticles on multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) bucky paper was investigated. The size and distribution of nanoparticles was dependent on the intrinsic binding energy of the elemental metals, where metals with larger cohesive energies exhibited a higher nanoparticle density and smaller particle diameters. Particle diameters for any metal could be altered to mimic that of metals with different binding energies by in situ modification of the MWCNT surfaces by energetic metal ions (characterized with a Hiden EQP 1000 as shown in Figure 1) during their growth, where removal of a carbon atom from a MWCNT surface requires incident ions kinetic energies > 5-7 eV. Control of the ariel density, diameter and morphology of metal nanoparticles grown on as-received and annealed multi- walled carbon nanotube sidewalls by sputtering was demonstrated for gold, nickel and titanium.
    [Show full text]
  • BGA244 Binary Gas Analyzer User Manual
    BGA244 Binary Gas Analyzer User Manual Revision 1.10 Certification Stanford Research Systems certifies that this product met its published specification at the time of shipment. Warranty This Stanford Research Systems product is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment. Service For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a Stanford Research Systems authorized service facility. Contact Stanford Research Systems or an authorized representative for a RMA (Return Material Authorization) Number before returning this product for repair. These are available at www.thinksrs.com under Support, Repair/Calibration. All users returning a BGA244 back to the factory for repair and/or service must submit a correctly completed “Declaration of Contamination of Equipment” form, available as part of the RMA process. The SRS personnel carrying out repair and service of the BGA244 must be informed of the condition of the components prior to any work being performed. Warning All returns to SRS must be free of harmful, corrosive, radioactive or toxic materials. Dedication In memory of Jim Williams, 1948 - 2011: Legendary Author and Analog Design Guru Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Copyright © Stanford Research Systems, Inc., 2016-2018. All rights reserved. Stanford Research Systems, Inc. 1290-C Reamwood Avenue Sunnyvale, California 94089 Phone: (408) 744-9040 Fax: (408) 744-9049 Email: [email protected] www.thinksrs.com Printed in the
    [Show full text]
  • ACR Manual on Contrast Media
    ACR Manual On Contrast Media 2021 ACR Committee on Drugs and Contrast Media Preface 2 ACR Manual on Contrast Media 2021 ACR Committee on Drugs and Contrast Media © Copyright 2021 American College of Radiology ISBN: 978-1-55903-012-0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Topic Page 1. Preface 1 2. Version History 2 3. Introduction 4 4. Patient Selection and Preparation Strategies Before Contrast 5 Medium Administration 5. Fasting Prior to Intravascular Contrast Media Administration 14 6. Safe Injection of Contrast Media 15 7. Extravasation of Contrast Media 18 8. Allergic-Like And Physiologic Reactions to Intravascular 22 Iodinated Contrast Media 9. Contrast Media Warming 29 10. Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Contrast 33 Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Adults 11. Metformin 45 12. Contrast Media in Children 48 13. Gastrointestinal (GI) Contrast Media in Adults: Indications and 57 Guidelines 14. ACR–ASNR Position Statement On the Use of Gadolinium 78 Contrast Agents 15. Adverse Reactions To Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media 79 16. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF) 83 17. Ultrasound Contrast Media 92 18. Treatment of Contrast Reactions 95 19. Administration of Contrast Media to Pregnant or Potentially 97 Pregnant Patients 20. Administration of Contrast Media to Women Who are Breast- 101 Feeding Table 1 – Categories Of Acute Reactions 103 Table 2 – Treatment Of Acute Reactions To Contrast Media In 105 Children Table 3 – Management Of Acute Reactions To Contrast Media In 114 Adults Table 4 – Equipment For Contrast Reaction Kits In Radiology 122 Appendix A – Contrast Media Specifications 124 PREFACE This edition of the ACR Manual on Contrast Media replaces all earlier editions.
    [Show full text]
  • In-Vitro Cell Exposure Studies for the Assessment of Nanoparticle Toxicity in the Lung—A Dialog Between Aerosol Science and Biology$
    Journal of Aerosol Science 42 (2011) 668–692 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Aerosol Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaerosci In-vitro cell exposure studies for the assessment of nanoparticle toxicity in the lung—A dialog between aerosol science and biology$ Hanns-Rudolf Paur a, Flemming R. Cassee b, Justin Teeguarden c, Heinz Fissan d, Silvia Diabate e, Michaela Aufderheide f, Wolfgang G. Kreyling g, Otto Hanninen¨ h, Gerhard Kasper i, Michael Riediker j, Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser k, Otmar Schmid g,n a Institut fur¨ Technische Chemie (ITC-TAB), Karlsruher Institut fur¨ Technologie, Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany b Center for Environmental Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands c Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Fundamental and Computational Science Directorate, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA d Institute of Energy and Environmental Technologies (IUTA), Duisburg, Germany e Institut fur¨ Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruher Institut fur¨ Technologie, Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany f Cultex Laboratories, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 21, 30625 Hannover, Germany g Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen,¨ Ingolstadter¨ Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany h THL National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 95, 70701 Kuopio, Finland i Institut fur¨
    [Show full text]
  • Chromatographic Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Second Edition, Revised and Expanded
    Chromatographic Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Second Edition, Revised and Expanded edited by John A. Adamovics Cytogen Corporation Princeton, New Jersey Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York-Basel «Hong Kong Preface ISBN: 0-8247-9776-0 The first edition of Chromatographic Analysis of Pharmaceuticals was The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quanti­ published in 1990. The past years have allowed me to evaluate leads that I ties. For more information, write to Special Sales/Professional Marketing uncovered during the researching of the first edition, such as the first pub­ at the address below. lished example of the application of chromatography to pharmaceutical analysis of medicinal plants. This and other examples are found in a rela­ This book is printed on acid-free paper. tively rare book, Uber Kapillaranalyse und ihre Anwendung in Pharmazeu- tichen Laboratorium (Leipzig, 1992), by H. Platz. Capillary analysis, the Copyright © 1997 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved. chromatographic technique used, was developed by Friedlieb Runge in the mid-1850s and was later refined by Friedrich Goppelsroeder. The principle Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any of the analysis was that substances were absorbed on filter paper directly form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, from the solutions in which they were dissolved; they then migrated to microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval different points on the filter paper. Capillary analysis differed from paper system, without permission in writing from the publisher. chromatography in that no developing solvent was used. We find that, from these humble beginnings 150 years ago, the direct descendant of this Marcel Dekker, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Information
    Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Science This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Supplementary Information Characterization of Silver Ion Dissolution from Silver Nanoparticles using Fluorous-phase Ion-selective Electrodes and Assessment of Resultant Toxicity to Shewanella oneidensis Melissa A. Maurer-Jones,† Maral P.S. Mousavi,† Li D. Chen, Philippe Bühlmann* and Christy L. Haynes* Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America Fax: 612-626-7541; Tel: 612-626-1096; Email: [email protected], [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Science This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Experimental Methods Nanoparticle Synthesis and Characterization Citrate-capped Ag NPs were synthesized freshly for every experiment following a procedure detailed by Hackley and coworkers.1 Prior to synthesis, glassware was cleaned with aqua regia (3:1 HCl:HNO3) and rinsed three times with deionized purified water (18MΩ∙cm specific resistance, EMD Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA). For the synthesis, 50 mL deionized water was brought to a boil and then 365 μL of 34 mM trisodium citrate dihydrate (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 211 μL AgNO3 (Sigma Aldrich) were added, followed by drop-wise addition of freshly prepared 250 μL NaBH4 (Sigma Aldrich). Upon addition of NaBH4, the solution immediately turned yellow, and the mixture was allowed to boil for 15 min before removing the nanoparticles from heat and allowing them to come to room temperature. Nanoparticles were purified with regenerated cellulose (MWCO 50,000) centrifugal filter units (EMD Millipore) where 15 mL of the nanoparticle suspension were centrifuged at 1500 g for 4 min and then resuspended in deionized water, with the centrifuge/resuspension steps repeated in triplicate.
    [Show full text]