is a registered trademark of The Open Group

1/11/05 1 The Open Group UNIX® 03

A Status Update From The Open Group http://www.unix.org

UNIX is a registered Trademark of The Open Group

1/11/05 2 The Open Group Agenda

q The Single UNIX® Specification

q New features of UNIX 03

q UNIX 03 Certification

q UNIX 03 Product Standards

q UNIX 03 Internet Server

1/11/05 3 The Open Group The UNIX®

q Continual development over the last thirty years q Deployed in millions of installations on nearly every hardware platform q A reputation of stability and scalability q Continued innovation as new technologies assimilated q The popular choice for the internet q Mature, Standardized and Start-of-the-Art

1/11/05 4 The Open Group UNIX® Past Perceptions

q Uncompromising q Command line interface required technical competence q Command line syntax not intuitive q Interface unfriendly q Security often nonexistent q Today, these perceptions are only of historical interest.

1/11/05 5 The Open Group UNIX® Present

q A Standard and stable definition of the core application programming environment - the Standard Base § The Single UNIX Specification q Graphical User Interface § The Common Desktop Environment q The internet server of choice q Clustering and other high availability innovations available today

1/11/05 6 The Open Group UNIX Present

Specification Product UNIX

Trade Mark Technology

1/11/05 7 The Open Group The Single UNIX Specification

q A single set of APIs supported by every UNIX system. q Shifted the focus from incompatible UNIX system product implementations to compliance to a single set of APIs. q If an OS meets the specification and commonly available applications run on it, then it is open.

1/11/05 8 The Open Group The Value of Standards (Cont’d) q Today, all the major vendors have implemented the Single UNIX Specification q The UNIX 95, UNIX 98 and UNIX 03 marks are validated using extensive tests that allow objective determination of conformance and backed up by a unique vendor guarantee – § The Open Brand

1/11/05 9 The Open Group The Open Brand q Operates under trademark law q Designates products that are guaranteed to conform to open systems specifications q A vendor guarantees that any non compliances will be fixed within a defined time period q http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/

1/11/05 10 The Open Group The Single UNIX Specification XSH XCU XBD XCURSES XNS

Diagram shows Version 1 (1994) and Version 2 (1997)

1/11/05 11 The Open Group The User Driven Process

50 Popular Applications

The Single UNIX Specification

Formal and Defacto Standards

1/11/05 12 The Open Group Application Coverage by Specification For Ten Representative Applications 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 20 40 60 80 100

XPG4 UNIX Extension 1/11/05 13 The Open Group Formal Standards Alignment q The Single UNIX Specification is a profile built on the foundation of international standards. § Has a formal deference policy. § Mandates key options from international standards to form a rich foundation which you can depend on.

1/11/05 14 The Open Group Mandated POSIX.1 Options

Mapped File Memory Files Synch Protection

1003.1b Realtime Process Stack Addr Stack Size Thread Safe Shared Attribute Attribute Functions Sync 1003.1c Threads

Restricted Saved Job No Chown IDs Control Truncate

POSIX.1 Base ISO C 1/11/05 15 The Open Group The Single UNIX Specification Version 3

q Developed by the Austin Common Standards Revision Group q An open industry initiative to revise the core POSIX standard and the Single UNIX Specification

1/11/05 16 The Open Group About the Austin Group

q Over 600 participants q Wide industry support: § AT&T, , HP, IBM, Lucent, , Red Hat, SGI, Siemens, Sun § DoD, USENIX q Participation in the Austin Group from the open source community included: § The Linux Standard Base, NetBSD, FreeBSD, and many others

1/11/05 17 The Open Group Scope of the revision

q Production of a single document to be adopted by multiple parties q Minimize the number of changes required to implementations of earlier versions of the Base documents for the revision q Limit new work items to those related to integration and consistency, resolving any conflicts q Alignment with the ISO C 1999 standard

1/11/05 18 The Open Group The Common Base Specifications Rationale Commands Definitions System Interfaces IEEE Std 1003.1, ISO/IEC 9945 The Core of the The Open Group Base Single UNIX Specification V3 Specifications Issue 6

1/11/05 19 The Open Group Approvals Status

q The Open Group September 12th 2001 q IEEE December 6th 2001 q ISO/IEC 9945:2002 Parts 1 thru 4, November 2002 q Published in hardcopy (3700 pages, 9kg!!), electronic and CDROM

1/11/05 20 The Open Group Technical Corrigendum 1

q IEEE December 2002 q The Open Group February 2003 q 2003 Edition of Specifications published March 31st 2003 § IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition q ISO/IEC 9945:2003 August 2003

1/11/05 21 The Open Group Technical Corrigendum 2

q The Open Group December 2003 q IEEE February 2004 q 2004 Edition of Specifications to be published April 30th 2004 § IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition q ISO Technical Corrigenda approved Sep 2004

1/11/05 22 The Open Group The Single UNIX Specification V3 XCURSES Rationale Commands Definitions System Interfaces

1/11/05 23 The Open Group Portability Functions

1800 1742

1600 1434

1400 1168

1200

1000 607 800 582 489 390 600 199 400 130

200

0

Single Single Single XPG4 POSIX SVID3 AES POSIX 1003.1-90 UNIX V3 UNIX V2 UNIX Base 1003.1-1996 Base 1003.2 FIPS 151-2

1/11/05 24 The Open Group Formal Standards Alignment

q IEEE Std 1003.1, 200x Edition (POSIX.1) § The Base Specifications Issue 6 and ISO/IEC 9945:200x are technically identical to POSIX.1, they are all the same document (word for word, a single publication) q ISO/IEC 9899:1999, Programming Languages – C (ISO C)

1/11/05 25 The Open Group Options

q Encryption q Realtime q Realtime Threads q Advanced Realtime q Advanced Realtime Threads q Tracing q XSI STREAMS q Legacy

1/11/05 26 The Open Group Key Changes

q Legacy and obsolescent features dropped § Much of this was to compromise between System V and BSD q Job control and certain options in POSIX.1 mandated now in POSIX Base (FIPS 151-2 alignment) § No change for the Single UNIX Specification as already mandatory q Corrigenda incorporated

1/11/05 27 The Open Group Key Changes (Cont'd)

q XTI dropped § Is retained as a separate specification but not required for POSIX or UNIX conformance q STREAMS optional § An optional feature group for those systems that wish to support the functionality

1/11/05 28 The Open Group UNIX 03 Certification

29 1/11/05 The Open Group Program Principles

q Clear and well-defined: § certification policies § processes for achieving and maintaining certification § based on industry best practice.

1/11/05 30 The Open Group Trademark License Agreement

q Vendor guarantee of conformance to specifications. § Vendor 'Warrants & Represents' q This guarantee ensures that: § Products conform to a specification § Products remain conformant throughout the life of the product’s registration § Any non-conformance will be fixed in a timely manner

1/11/05 31 The Open Group Program Elements

Guide to Certification Product Techical Certification TMLA Checklist Standards Standard Program

Test Problem Registration Appeals Campaign Test Suites Reporting Form Process Definition System

Conformance Certification Certification Certificate Statement Web site Register

1/11/05 32 The Open Group Elements (1)

Guide to Certification Technical Problem Product Certification TMLA Reporting Appeals checklist Standards Process Standards Program System

1.Requirements separated into logical 1. Fair and Objective Problem units. Reporting and Appeals Processes Well defined summary steps to achieve 2.Includes lists of Detailed Guide with 2. Sanitized problem reports visible to all Certification indicators of the How To get participants compliance. certified information 3. Web-based database provided, with 3.Drawn from automated workflow system for Technical Standards processing requests

Supplier warranty through Detailed Technical The Open Brand Trademark Requirements License Agreement

Well defined Certification Policies

Based on industry certification best practices

1/11/05 33 The Open Group Elements (2)

Registration Test Campaign Test Suites Form Definition

Form with details of the Definition of test product to be registed campaign to be used for certification

1. Extensive test coverage

2. Modular test suite architecture

1/11/05 34 The Open Group Elements (3)

Certification Certification Conformance Certificate Web site Register Statement

1. Provides all certification information at a single Certificate issued for Additional documentary location each registered product evidence provided by Conformance Statements 2. Structured to assist Public register of workflow certified products

3. Useful for suppliers and procurers

1/11/05 35 The Open Group Certification Process - Roles

q Specification Authority § Specification owner – responsible for developing, maintaining and interpreting the specification(s) q Certification Authority (CA) § Manages the day-to-day operations of the certification program § Ensures quality, fairness and integrity q Test Suite Maintenance Authority (TSMA) § Maintain the test suites

1/11/05 36 The Open Group Certification Process (1)

Supplier obtains test suite

Certification Guide to the CSQ Policy Program Supplier performs development & QA testing Product Certification TMLA Standards Agreements

Supplier becomes familiar with requirements of program

Supplier may contact CA with questions

B Supplier completes Conformance Statement Questionnaire

Certification Test TMLA Registraion Agreements Campaign Conformance (signed) Form (signed) Definiton Statement

C Supplier applies for certification

A

1/11/05 37 The Open Group Certification Process (2)

A Problem with Conformance Statement Problem with Application B CA checks Application C Package, confirms Test Campaign

Testing problem Supplier performs formal testing

Source of problem? Test results Conformance Requirements Applicant may hold not met back publication for period of time

Certification CA audits certification Register information

Audit successful

CA enters product into Certification Register Certificate

1/11/05 38 The Open Group Product Standards

q Define the Conformance Requirements § Define what a conforming product must do to be compliant § Also defines what it must not do to be considered compliant § Separate document for each product type or grouping of functionality § Provides mapping between products and Technical Standards and other referenced specifications q Define the testing requirements

1/11/05 39 The Open Group Specifications vs Product Standards

UNIX 03 UNIX® Systems X/Open Curses

XSI Option Groups Realtime Realtime Threads Internationalized Encryption Legacy C Language Terminal V2 Interfaces Mapped Files POSIX2 Localedef

1003.1 Options XSI Extensions Commands Internationalized Memory Protection And System Calls And Libraries V3 Pthreads POSIX2 UPE Utilities V4

(mandatory) POSIX C API (mandatory) 1003.1-2003 POSIX Shell Base & Utilities ISO C 99 POSIX® Systems

1/11/05 40 The Open Group UNIX 03 Product Standards q UNIX 03 - the mark for systems conforming to Version 3 of the Single UNIX Specification q UNIX 03 - “the standard base” q UNIX 03 Server § UNIX 03 plus Internet Server capabilities § Adds interoperability services to the UNIX 03 APIs in support of internet/intranet services

1/11/05 41 The Open Group UNIX 03 Product Standards (1)

q Organized as a hierarchy q UNIX 03 § Top-level foundation product standard § Four constituent product standards organized by subject area § Internationalized System Interfaces Extended V3 § Commands & Utilities V4 § C Language V2 § Internationalized Terminal Interfaces

1/11/05 42 The Open Group UNIX 03 “the standard base” q There are four constituents to the base § Internationalized System Interfaces Extended V3 § A rich set of system interfaces mandating key options in the common specifications § Commands and Utilities V4 § Mandates key options from the common specifications § C Language V2 § Internationalized Terminal Interfaces

1/11/05 43 The Open Group UNIX 03 Server

q Builds on the Base foundation. q Captures existing de-facto practice. q Includes a platform-independent Internet Server Product Standard. q Additional functionality over existing UNIX 03 Product standard includes: § The Internet Protocol Suite, including IPv6. § Java Support. § Internet capabilities to support network clients.

Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems Inc.

1/11/05 44 The Open Group UNIX 03 Server - Internet Services

OSI Model DOD Model

Application Telnet Ftp NFS Http DNS Lpd SmtpWebNFS NTP LDAP SNMP POP3 IMAP4 ssh Application Presentation Sockets XTI RPC

Session Host TCP UDP to Transport Host

Network icmp Internet IPv4 IPv6 bootp dhcp tftp

Data Link Token Ethernet Other Network Ring Access Physical

1/11/05 45 The Open Group UNIX 03 Certification q Product Standards § http://www.unix.org/unix03.html q The Open Brand Certification Program § http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/ § http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/ § http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/testing/checklist/

1/11/05 46 The Open Group UNIX 03 Testing

q Certification is backed by an extensive set of tests q Used by vendors to demonstrate conformance as part of formal certification q A family of tests available for UNIX 03 § Known as Westwood § Modular test suites § Covers mandatory features and key options § http://www.opengroup.org/testing/info/Westwood_datasheet.html

1/11/05 47 The Open Group UNIX 03 Test Suites

VSRTE VSTRC Tracing

VSX4 VSU VSART VSX5 VSTH Core OS C99,LFS, UNIX pthreads Extensions MSE VSRT VSC Realtime Shell & Utilities VSXgen - Generic test suite layer

Test Environment Toolkit

1/11/05 48 The Open Group UNIX 03 Test Suites (mandatory)

VSX4 VSU VSART VSX5 VSTH Reader/ Core OS C99,LFS, UNIX Writer Locks pthreads Extensions MSE Tests VSC Shell & Utilities VSXgen - Generic test suite layer

Test Environment Toolkit

1/11/05 49 The Open Group Where to Obtain the Specification?

q The html version is online at § http://www.UNIX.org/version3 q PDF either electronically or on CDROM can be ordered from http://www.opengroup.org/pubs/catalog/un.htm § The PDF is free to members of The Open Group q Available also on CDROM with The Authorized Guide to the Single UNIX Specification Version 3 and the latest edition of the UNIX Internationalization Guide

1/11/05 50 The Open Group 1/11/05 51 The Open Group