DOCSLIB.ORG

Sensory Gating Endophenotype Based on Its Neural Oscillatory Pattern and Heritability Estimate

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sensory Gating Endophenotype Based on Its Neural Oscillatory Pattern and Heritability Estimate ORIGINAL ARTICLE Sensory Gating Endophenotype Based on Its Neural Oscillatory Pattern and Heritability Estimate L. Elliot Hong, MD; Ann Summerfelt, BS; Braxton D. Mitchell, PhD; Robert P. McMahon, PhD; Ikwunga Wonodi, MD; Robert W. Buchanan, MD; Gunvant K. Thaker, MD Context: The auditory sensory gating deficit has been con- first-degree relatives (n=74), and control participants from sidered a leading endophenotype in schizophrenia. How- the community (n=70). ever, the commonly used index of sensory gating, P50, has low heritability in families of people with schizophrenia, Main Outcome Measures: Gating of frequency- raising questions about its utility in genetic studies. We hy- specific oscillatory responses, gating of the P50 wave, and pothesized that the sensory gating deficit may occur in a their heritability estimates. specific neuronal oscillatory frequency that reflects the un- derlying biological process of sensory gating. Frequency- Results: Gating of the ␪-␣–band responses of the con- specific sensory gating may be less complex than the P50 trol participants were significantly different from those response, and therefore closer to the direct genetic effects, with schizophrenia (PϽ.001) and their first-degree and thus a more valid endophenotype. relatives (P=.04 to .009). The heritability of ␪-␣–band gating was estimated to be between 0.49 and 0.83 and Objectives: To compare the gating of frequency- was at least 4-fold higher than the P50 heritability esti- specific oscillatory responses with the gating of P50 and mate. to compare their heritabilities. Conclusions: Gatingofthe␪-␣–frequency oscillatory sig- Design: We explored single trial–based oscillatory gat- nal in the paired-click paradigm is more strongly asso- ing responses in people with schizophrenia, their rela- ciated with schizophrenia and has significantly higher tives, and control participants from the community. heritability compared with the traditional P50 gating. This measure may be better suited for genetic studies of the Setting: Outpatient clinics. gating deficit in schizophrenia. Participants: Persons with schizophrenia (n=102), their Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65(9):1008-1016 BNORMAL SENSORY GATING Although it is often considered an en- may index the inability of dophenotype for schizophrenia, the tra- people with schizophrenia ditional P50 gating measure has low heri- to sufficiently filter un- tability, which has been estimated at 0.10 wanted sensory informa- in the families of people with schizophre- Ation and is considered a leading endophe- nia.12 Low heritabilities compromise the notype in schizophrenia.1,2 Sensory gating utility of this phenotype for genetic stud- is efficiently probed using a simple paired- ies and even call into question the valid- click auditory evoked potential paradigm; ity of the phenotype, given the high heri- the gating response is reflected by a dimi- tability of the schizophrenia phenotype.13 nution of evoked potential response elic- We sought to refine the sensory gat- Author Affiliations: Maryland ited by the second of a pair of identical au- ing paradigm by studying single-trial Psychiatric Research Center, ditory stimuli. Most previous sensory gating oscillatory responses to an auditory stimu- Department of Psychiatry studies have focused on the averaged P50 lus, independent of any averaged wave- (Drs Hong, McMahon, Wonodi, wave in response to the auditory stimuli.3,4 forms. Schizophrenia is a disease associ- Buchanan, and Thaker, and Such P50 gating impairments have been ob- ated with aberrant processing of sensory Ms Summerfelt) and Department of Medicine, served in people with schizophrenia and information. Sufficient data have shown 5-8 9-11 University of Maryland School their relatives in many, but not all stud- that neuronal assemblies have the intrin- of Medicine, Baltimore ies. More comprehensive review can be sic capacity to oscillate at different fre- (Dr Mitchell). found elsewhere.4 quencies in response to sensory input,14 (REPRINTED) ARCH GEN PSYCHIATRY/ VOL 65 (NO. 9), SEP 2008 WWW.ARCHGENPSYCHIATRY.COM 1008 ©2008 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 10/02/2021 representing different stages of sensory information pro- years above or below the age of the probands), sex, ethnicity, cessing.14-16 These oscillations constitute rhythmic modu- and neighborhood (same zip code); the list was generated using lations in neuronal excitability that affect the likelihood the State of Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration registra- of spike output in response to subsequent input.17,18 It is tion. Control participants had no family history of psychosis possible that a deficit in sensory gating can be more di- for 3 generations. Available first-degree relatives of the con- trols were also recruited. Controls and relatives of patients with rectly evaluated by examining the rhythmic modulatory schizophrenia who did not have schizophrenia were screened process of sensory input rather than an averaged wave- using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and iden- form, which may diminish the ability to examine the un- tical inclusion/exclusion criteria. They had no DSM-IV psy- derlying oscillatory mechanism. We hypothesized that chotic or bipolar disorders. Controls and relatives with other the sensory gating deficit in schizophrenia would be in- Axis I disorders were accepted so that the group differences re- dexed by neural oscillations in a specific time frequency flected differences in family history of schizophrenia alone and measurable on single trials. This may represent a more not in other psychiatric conditions. None of the subjects had elementary physiological process and thus be more sen- participated in our previous study.19 All subjects gave written sitive to the direct genetic effect underlying sensory gat- informed consent in accordance with the University of Mary- ing, yielding higher heritability estimates compared with land institutional review board guidelines. the averaged P50 wave. Using a discrete wavelet trans- form technique to identify single-trial oscillatory com- SAMPLE SIZE FOR GROUP COMPARISONS ponents contributing to sensory gating, we previously found that auditory responses are represented by a range The analysis included 246 subjects: 102 with schizophrenia (93 of time frequency–specific oscillatory components, and probands and 9 of their relatives with schizophrenia), 74 first- that ␤- and, to a lesser extent, ␣-frequency oscillations degree relatives without schizophrenia, and 70 control partici- pants from the community. Not included in the sample were 9 indexed the strength of P50 suppression in healthy con- 19 subjects who completed event-related potential recording but trols. In this study, we sought to identify single-trial scalp had excessive artifacts or had equipment problems during re- electrical oscillatory signals that are suppressed by re- cording. peated stimuli. Once such a signal was found, we tested whether it is a better endophenotype compared with P50, based on the following a priori endophenotype SAMPLE SIZE FOR HERITABILITY ESTIMATES testing criteria: (1) its association with the schizophre- This sample included 48 family units of subjects with schizo- nia phenotype; (2) its presence in family members phrenia, consisting of 48 probands and 75 first-degree rela- without schizophrenia who are not taking antipsy- tives (with or without schizophrenia). The 48 families in- chotic medications; (3) whether it has significant heri- cluded 30 of size 2 (2 subjects per family), 11 of size 3, 6 of tability; and (4) if it is superior to the P50 gating mea- size 4, and 1 of size 6. In total, this set included 134 sibling- sure, ie, provides better differentiation between control sibling or parent-offspring pairs used for the heritability esti- participants and persons with schizophrenia, between mate. The community control samples included 20 small fami- controls and family members of persons with schizo- lies (20 probands and 23 first-degree relatives) but formed only phrenia, and higher heritability when compared with 23 informative relative pairs. P50 gating. LABORATORY PROCEDURE METHODS Evoked Potential for P50 PARTICIPANTS Evoked potentials were recorded and processed using the same procedures previously reported.22 Smokers refrained from smok- All participants were between the ages of 16 and 58 years, with ing for 1 hour prior to recording. Subjects sat in a semireclin- no neurological conditions or current substance abuse or de- ing chair in a sound chamber with their eyes open and lis- pendence. Patients with schizophrenia were diagnosed using tened to 150 paired-click stimuli (1-millisecond duration; the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV.20 Patients were 72 dB; 500-millisecond interclick interval; 10-second inter- recruited through our outpatient research programs and Bal- trial interval). The electroencephalogram reading was sampled timore-area mental health clinics. Four were taking a first- at 1 kHz (200-Hz low pass; 0.1-Hz high pass; 60-Hz notch fil- generation antipsychotic, 4 were not taking an antipsychotic, ter applied during recording) to yield 500-millisecond ep- and the rest were taking second-generation antipsychotic agents. ochs, including a 100-millisecond prestimulus window. Arti- In addition, 18.6% were also taking a selective serotonin re- facts were removed from single trials, with a rejection criterion uptake inhibitor and 9.8% were taking benzodiazepine. Pa- above or
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Deficit of Multimodal Perception of Congruent and Non-Congruent Fearful Expressions in Patients with Schizophrenia: the ERP Study
    brain sciences Article The Deficit of Multimodal Perception of Congruent and Non-Congruent Fearful Expressions in Patients with Schizophrenia: The ERP Study Galina V. Portnova 1,2,*, Aleksandra V. Maslennikova 1,3, Natalya V. Zakharova 3 and Olga V. Martynova 1,4 1 Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, 117485 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] (A.V.M.); [email protected] (O.V.M.) 2 The Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, 117485 Moscow, Russia 3 Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1 Named after ON. Alekseeva of the Moscow City Health Department, 117152 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] 4 Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 109548 Moscow, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Emotional dysfunction, including flat affect and emotional perception deficits, is a specific symptom of schizophrenia disorder. We used a modified multimodal odd-ball paradigm with fearful facial expressions accompanied by congruent and non-congruent emotional vocalizations (sounds of women screaming and laughing) to investigate the impairment of emotional perception and reactions to other people’s emotions in schizophrenia. We compared subjective ratings of emotional state and event-related potentials (EPPs) in response to congruent and non-congruent stimuli in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. The results showed the altered multimodal perception of fearful stimuli in patients with schizophrenia. The amplitude of N50 was significantly higher for non-congruent stimuli than congruent ones in the control group and did not differ in patients. The Citation: Portnova, G.V.; P100 and N200 amplitudes were higher in response to non-congruent stimuli in patients than in Maslennikova, A.V.; Zakharova, N.V.; controls, implying impaired sensory gating in schizophrenia.
    [Show full text]
  • Auditory P3a and P3b Neural Generators in Schizophrenia: an Adaptive Sloreta P300 Localization Approach
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC This is an author-edited version of the accepted manuscript published in Schizophrenia Research. The final publication is available at Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2015.09.028 Auditory P3a and P3b neural generators in schizophrenia: An adaptive sLORETA P300 localization approach Alejandro Bachiller1, Sergio Romero2,3, Vicente Molina4,5, Joan F. Alonso2,3, Miguel A. Mañanas2,3, Jesús Poza1,5,6 and Roberto Hornero1,6 1 Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain. {[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]} 2 Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain. {[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]} 3 CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) 4 Psychiatry Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain {[email protected]} 5 INCYL, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain 6 IMUVA, Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain Corresponding author. Alejandro Bachiller, Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain Tel: +34 983423000 ext. 5589; fax: +34 983423667; Email address: [email protected] Abstract The present study investigates the neural substrates underlying cognitive processing in schizophrenia (Sz) patients.
    [Show full text]
  • ERP Peaks Review 1 LINKING BRAINWAVES to the BRAIN
    ERP Peaks Review 1 LINKING BRAINWAVES TO THE BRAIN: AN ERP PRIMER Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky Short title: ERPs Peak Review. Key Words: ERP, peak, latency, brain activity source, electrophysiology. Please address all correspondence to: Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Ph.D. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences 317 Life Sciences, University of Louisville Louisville, KY 40292-0001. [email protected] ERP Peaks Review 2 Linking Brainwaves To The Brain: An ERP Primer Alexandra Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Abstract This paper reviews literature on the characteristics and possible interpretations of the event- related potential (ERP) peaks commonly identified in research. The description of each peak includes typical latencies, cortical distributions, and possible brain sources of observed activity as well as the evoking paradigms and underlying psychological processes. The review is intended to serve as a tutorial for general readers interested in neuropsychological research and a references source for researchers using ERP techniques. ERP Peaks Review 3 Linking Brainwaves To The Brain: An ERP Primer Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Over the latter portion of the past century recordings of brain electrical activity such as the continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) and the stimulus-relevant event-related potentials (ERPs) became frequent tools of choice for investigating the brain’s role in the cognitive processing in different populations. These electrophysiological recording techniques are generally non-invasive, relatively inexpensive, and do not require participants to provide a motor or verbal response.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimation and Quantification of Vigilance Using Erps and Eye Blink Rate with a Fuzzy Model‑Based Approach
    Cognition, Technology & Work https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-018-0533-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Estimation and quantification of vigilance using ERPs and eye blink rate with a fuzzy model‑based approach Shabnam Samima1 · Monalisa Sarma1 · Debasis Samanta2 · Girijesh Prasad3 Received: 24 May 2018 / Accepted: 19 October 2018 © Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Vigilance, also known as sustained attention, is defined as the ability to maintain concentrated attention over prolonged time periods. Many methods for vigilance detection, based on biological and behavioural characteristics, have been proposed in the literature. In general, the existing approaches do not provide any solution to measure vigilance level quantitatively and adopt costly equipment. This paper utilizes a portable electroencephalography (EEG) device and presents a new method for estimation of vigilance level of an individual by utilizing event-related potentials (P300 and N100) of EEG signals and eye blink rate. Here, we propose a fuzzy rule-based system using amplitude and time variations of the N100 and P300 com- ponents and blink variability to establish the correlation among N100, P300, eye blink and the vigilance activity. We have shown, with the help of our proposed fuzzy model, we can efficiently calculate and quantify the vigilance level, and thereby obtain a numerical value of vigilance instead of its mere presence or absence. To validate the results obtained from our fuzzy model, we performed subjective analysis (for assessing the mood and stress level of participants), reaction time analysis and compared the vigilance values with target detection accuracy. The obtained results prove the efficacy of our proposal.
    [Show full text]
  • P50 Potential-Associated Gamma Band Activity: Modulation by Distraction
    Short communication Acta Neurobiol Exp 2012, 72: 102–109 P50 potential-associated gamma band activity: Modulation by distraction Inga Griskova-Bulanova1, 2 *, Osvaldas Ruksenas3, Kastytis Dapsys1, 3, Valentinas Maciulis1, and Sidse M. Arnfred4 1Department of Electrophysiological Treatment and Investigation Methods, Vilnius Republican Psychiatric Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania, *Email: [email protected]; 2Department of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania; 3Department of Biochemistry-Biophysics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; 4Psychiatric Center Ballerup, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark We aimed to evaluate the effect of changing attentional demands towards stimulation in healthy subjects on P50 potential- related high-frequency beta and gamma oscillatory responses, P50 and N100 peak amplitudes and their gating measures. There are no data showing effect of attention on P50 potential-related beta and gamma oscillatory responses and previous results of attention effects on P50 and N100 amplitudes and gating measures are inconclusive. Nevertheless the variation in the level of attention may be a source of variance in the recordings as well as it may provide additional information about the pathology under study. Nine healthy volunteers participated in the study. A standard paired stimuli auditory P50 potential paradigm was applied. Four stimulation conditions were selected: focused attention (stimuli pair counting), unfocused attention (sitting with open eyes), easy distraction (reading a magazine article), and difficult distraction (searching for Landolt rings with appropriate gap orientation). Time-frequency responses to both S1 and S2 were evaluated in slow beta (13–16 Hz, 45–175 ms window); fast beta (20–30 Hz, 45–105 ms window) and gamma (32–46 Hz, 45–65 ms window) ranges.
    [Show full text]
  • Self-Reported Sensory Gating and Stress-Related Hypertension
    Henry Ford Health System Henry Ford Health System Scholarly Commons Public Health Sciences Articles Public Health Sciences 9-1-2020 Self-Reported Sensory Gating and Stress-Related Hypertension Rosalind M. Peters Maher El-Masri Andrea E. Cassidy-Bushrow Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/ publichealthsciences_articles Self-Reported Sensory Gating and Stress-Related Hypertension Rosalind M. Peters ▼ Maher El-Masri ▼ Andrea E. Cassidy-Bushrow Background: Increasing evidence views hypertension as a stress-induced disorder. Stressors must be “gated” by the brain before any inflammatory or immune processes that contribute to hypertension are initiated. No studies were found that examined sensory gating in relation to hypertension. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine if disturbances in self-reported sensory gating could differentiate normotensive from hypertensive young adults. Methods: A nonmatched, case–control design was used. We administered an online survey to 163 young adult participants. Participants were predominantly female, in their mid-20s, well educated, and approximately evenly distributed by race and hypertension status. The Sensory Gating Inventory (SGI) measured gating disturbances. Results: The mean SGI scores were significantly higher among persons diagnosed with hypertension, reflecting a moderate effect size of sensory gating. After adjusting for confounders, however, the normotensive and hypertensive groups were not significantly different on their SGI scores. Discussion: With an observed moderate effect size of 0.35, but low power, more research is warranted regarding the role of gating disturbances in the development of stress-induced hypertension. Clinically, the SGI may be important for screening patients who would benefit from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to identify persons with masked hypertension.
    [Show full text]
  • Impaired P50 Sensory Gating in Machado-Joseph Disease
    Clinical Neurophysiology 115 (2004) 2231–2235 www.elsevier.com/locate/clinph Impaired P50 sensory gating in Machado-Joseph disease Eduardo S. Ghisolfia,c,d,*, Gustavo H.B. Maegawae, Jefferson Beckerf,g, Ana Paula Zanardoa, Ivo M. Strimitzer Jr.a, Alexandre S. Prokopiuka, Maria Luiza Pereiraa,e, Thiago Carvalhoa, Laura B. Jardimb,e, Diogo R. Larad aDepartamento de Bioquı´mica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil bDepartamento de Medicina Interna da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil cDepartamento de Cieˆncia da Sau´de da Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Misso˜es, campus de Frederico Westphalen, Frederico Westphalen, Brazil dDepartamento de Cieˆncias Fisiolo´gicas, Faculdade de Biocieˆncias, Pontifı´cia Universidade Cato´lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Pre´dio 12A, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil eServic¸o de Gene´tica Me´dica do Hospital de Clı´nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil fServic¸o de Neurologia do Hospital de Clı´nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil gUnidade de Neurofisiologia da Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil Accepted 25 April 2004 Available online 25 June 2004 Abstract Objective: Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), an autosomal dominant spinocerebellar degeneration caused by an expanded CAG repeat on chromosome 14q32.1, is a disorder with wide range of neurological findings and brain regions involved. Studies evaluating neurophysiological parameters related to sensory gating in MJD are lacking. Methods: This study intends to investigate P50 suppression, an auditory mid-latency evoked potential in a test-conditioning paradigm, considered as an index of sensory gating function.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring the Amplitude of the N100 Component to Predict the Occurrence of the Inattentional Deafness Phenomenon Eve F
    Measuring the Amplitude of the N100 Component to Predict the Occurrence of the Inattentional Deafness Phenomenon Eve F. Fabre, Vsevolod Peysakhovich, Mickael Causse To cite this version: Eve F. Fabre, Vsevolod Peysakhovich, Mickael Causse. Measuring the Amplitude of the N100 Compo- nent to Predict the Occurrence of the Inattentional Deafness Phenomenon. AHFE 2016 International Conference on Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Engineering, Jul 2016, Orlando, United States. pp. 77-84, 10.1007/978-3-319-41691-5_7. hal-01503690 HAL Id: hal-01503690 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01503690 Submitted on 7 Apr 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Open Archive TOULOUSE Archive Ouverte ( OATAO ) OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID: 16107 To cite this version : Fabre, Eve Florianne and Peysakhovich, Vsevolod and Causse, Mickaël Measuring the Amplitude of the N100 Component to Predict the Occurrence of the Inattentional Deafness Phenomenon. (2016) In: AHFE 2016 International Conference on Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Engineering, 27 July 2016 - 31 July 2016 (Orlando, United States).
    [Show full text]
  • Auditory P300 and N100 Components As Intermediate Phenotypes for Psychotic Disorder: Familial Liability and Reliability ⇑ Claudia J.P
    Clinical Neurophysiology 122 (2011) 1984–1990 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Clinical Neurophysiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/clinph Auditory P300 and N100 components as intermediate phenotypes for psychotic disorder: Familial liability and reliability ⇑ Claudia J.P. Simons a,b, , Anke Sambeth c, Lydia Krabbendam a,e, Stefanie Pfeifer a, Jim van Os a,d, Wim J. Riedel c a Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, SEARCH, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands b GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven en de Kempen, P.O. Box 909, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands c Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands d Visiting Professor of Psychiatric Epidemiology, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, UK e Centre Brain and Learning, Department of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands article info highlights Article history: A reliable N100 latency delay was found in unaffected siblings of patients with a psychotic disorder. Accepted 28 February 2011 P300 amplitude and latency were not found to be affected in siblings. Available online 1 April 2011 Short-term test–retest reliability of N100 and P300 components were sound across patients, siblings and controls, with the main exception of N100 latency in patients. Keywords: Electroencephalography Event-related potentials abstract Psychoses Schizophrenia Objective: Abnormalities of the auditory P300 are a robust finding in patients with psychosis. The pur- Test–retest poses of this study were to determine whether patients with a psychotic disorder and their unaffected Relatives siblings show abnormalities in P300 and N100 and to establish test–retest reliabilities for these ERP com- ponents.
    [Show full text]
  • The Meaning of P50 Suppression : Interaction of Gamma and Alpha Waves
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE ISSN 1225-8709 / eISSN 2005-7571 Korean J Biol Psychiatry 2014;21(4):168-174 The Meaning of P50 Suppression : Interaction of Gamma and Alpha Waves 1 1,2 Kyungjun Lee, MD, Ung Gu Kang, MD 1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ObjectivesZZSensory gating dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been investigated through two sim- ilar methods ; P50 suppression and prepulse inhibition paradigms. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the two measures are not correlated but rather constitute as distinct neural processes. Recent studies adopting spectral frequency analysis suggest that P50 suppression reflects the interaction between gamma and other frequency bands. The aim of the present study is to investigate which fre- quency component shows more significant interaction with gamma band. MethodsZZA total of 108 mood disorder patients and 36 normal subjects were included in the study. The P50 responses to conditioning and test stimuli with an intra-pair interval of 500 msec were measured in the study population. According to P50 ratio (amplitude to the test stimulus/amplitude to the conditioning stimulus), the subjects with P50 ratio less than 0.2 were defined as suppressed group (SG) ; non-suppressed group (NSG) consisted of P50 ratio more than 0.8. Thirty-five and 25 subjects were included in SG and NSG, re- spectively. Point-to-point correlation coefficients (PPCCs) of both groups were calculated between two time-windows : the first window (S1) was defined as the time-window of one hundred millisecond after the conditioning auditory stimulus and the second window (S2) was defined as the time-window of 100 msec after the test auditory stimulus.
    [Show full text]
  • Fully Complex Magnetoencephalography
    Fully Complex Magnetoencephalography a,b,c c Jonathan Z. Simon and Yadong Wang a Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering b Department of Biology c Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA Pages: 23 (including figure captions and table) Tables: 1 Figures: 5 Corresponding Author: Jonathan Z. Simon Electrical & Computer Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 Tel: 1-301-405-3645 Fax: 1-301-314-9281 E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Z. Simon) Complex MEG Abstract Complex numbers appear naturally in biology whenever a system can be analyzed in the frequency domain, such as physiological data from magnetoencephalography (MEG). For example, the MEG steady state response to a modulated auditory stimulus generates a complex magnetic field for each MEG channel, equal to the Fourier transform at the stimulus modulation frequency. The complex nature of these data sets, often not taken advantage of, is fully exploited here with new methods. Whole-head, complex magnetic data can be used to estimate complex neural current sources, and standard methods of source estimation naturally generalize for complex sources. We show that a general complex neural vector source is described by its location, magnitude, and direction, but also by a phase and by an additional perpendicular component. We give natural interpretations of all the parameters for the complex equivalent-current dipole by linking them to the underlying neurophysiology. We demonstrate complex magnetic fields, and their equivalent fully complex current sources, with both simulations and experimental data. Keywords: MEG; Steady State Response; SSR; Equivalent-current Dipole; Auditory 2 of 23 Complex MEG 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Alcohol Impairs N100 Response to Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Stimulation Received: 21 June 2017 Genane Loheswaran1,2, Mera S
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Alcohol Impairs N100 Response to Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Stimulation Received: 21 June 2017 Genane Loheswaran1,2, Mera S. Barr2,3, Reza Zomorrodi2, Tarek K. Rajji2,4, Accepted: 18 January 2018 Daniel M. Blumberger2,4, Bernard Le Foll1,4 & Zafris J. Daskalakis2,4 Published: xx xx xxxx Alcohol is thought to exert its efect by acting on gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) inhibitory neurotransmission. The N100, the negative peak on electroencephalography (EEG) that occurs approximately 100 ms following the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulse, is believed to represent GABAB receptor mediated neurotransmission. However, no studies have examined the efect of alcohol on the N100 response to TMS stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). In the present study, we aimed to explore the efect of alcohol on the DLPFC TMS-evoked N100 response. The study was a within-subject cross-over design study. Fifteen healthy alcohol drinkers were administered TMS to the DLPFC before (PreBev) and after consumption (PostBev) of an alcohol or placebo beverage. The amplitude of the N100 before and after beverage was compared for both the alcohol and placebo beverage. Alcohol produced a signifcant decrease in N100 amplitude (t = 4.316, df = 14, p = 0.001). The placebo beverage had no efect on the N100 amplitude (t = −1.856, df = 14, p = 0.085). Acute alcohol consumption produces a decrease in N100 amplitude to TMS stimulation of the DLPFC, suggesting a decrease in GABAB receptor mediated neurotransmission. Findings suggest that the N100 may represent a marker of alcohol’s efects on inhibitory neurotransmission. Alcohol is a widely used drug which acts on multiple neurotransmitter systems in the brain1.
    [Show full text]