DOCSLIB.ORG

MS in Focus 6 Intimacy and Sexuality English

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MS in Focus 6 Intimacy and Sexuality English MS MSin in Focus focus IssueIssue One •• 2003 2002 Issue 6 • 2005 ● Intimacy and Sexuality The Magazine of the Multiple Sclerosis International Federation 1 MSin focus Issue 6 • 2005 Editorial Board Executive Editor Nancy Holland, EdD, RN, MSCN, Vice Multiple Sclerosis President, Clinical Programs and Professional Resource International Federation Centre, National Multiple Sclerosis Society USA. Editor and Project Leader Michele Messmer Uccelli, BA, MSIF is a unique collaboration of national MS MSCS, Department of Social and Health Research, Italian societies and the international scientific Multiple Sclerosis Society, Genoa, Italy. community. Managing Editor Helle Elisabeth Lyngborg, Information It leads the global MS movement in sharing and Communications Manager, Multiple Sclerosis best practice to significantly improve the International Federation. quality of life of people affected by MS and in Editorial Assistant Chiara Provasi, MA, Project Co- stimulating research into the understanding ordinator, Department of Social and Health Research, Italian and treatment of the condition. Multiple Sclerosis Society, Genoa, Italy. Our priorities are: MSIF Responsible Board Member • Stimulating global research Prof Dr Jürg Kesselring, Chair of MSIF International Medical • Stimulating the active exchange of and Scientific Board, Head of the Department of Neurology, information Rehabilitation Centre, Valens, Switzerland. • Providing support for the development of Editorial Board Members new and existing MS societies Guy Ganty, Head of the Speech and Language Pathology • Advocacy Department, National Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Melsbroek, Belgium. All of our work is carried out with the complete involvement of people living Katrin Gross-Paju, PhD, Estonian Multiple Sclerosis Centre, with MS. West Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia. Marco Heerings, RN, MA, MSCN, Nurse Practitioner, Designed and produced by Groningen University Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands. Kaye Hooper, BA, RN, RM, MPH, MSCN, Nurse Consultant Cambridge Publishers Ltd 275 Newmarket Road USA/Australia. Cambridge Martha King, Director of Publications, National Multiple CB5 8JE Sclerosis Society, USA. 01223 477411 Elizabeth McDonald, MBBS, FAFRM, RACP, Medical [email protected] www.cpl.biz Director, MS Society of Victoria, Australia. Elsa Teilimo, RN, UN Linguist, Finnish Representative, ISSN1478467X Persons with MS International Committee. © MSIF Chloe Neild, Information Management Coordinator, MS Cover image courtesy of Honoria Starbuck, PhD, Society of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Life Drawing Instructor, Art Institute Online Copy Editor http://www.artwanted.com/honoria Emma Mason, BA, Essex, UK. 2 MSin focus Issue 6 • 2005 Letter from the Editor Contents Sexuality and intimate relationships are a From the Editor 3 significant part of life and well-being. For most people, sexuality and its expression are a natural Introduction to Intimacy and and important component of self-concept, Sexuality in MS 4 emotional well-being, and overall quality of life. Factors such as culture, religion and self-esteem Sexual dysfunction in contribute to how a person experiences sexuality. While MS may women with MS 6 alter functioning, the desire for a sexual identity, love, affection Sexual dysfunction in men and intimacy remains. Given this, sexuality may be a source of with MS 8 significant frustration for many people with MS. This issue of MS in focus presents a discussion of intimacy and Secondary causes of sexuality. Often these topics are not easy to discuss. This is true sexual problems 11 for people with MS as well as for many healthcare professionals. Tertiary causes of For some individuals and couples living with MS, intimacy and sexual problems 15 sexuality receive little or no priority, and instead their focus and emotional resources are concentrated on dealing with other Your questions answered 20 problems related to the disease. Interview with Rolande Cutner 21 Whether a person is in an intimate relationship or not, it is a challenge to maintain a sexual identity and take care of one’s MS Society of Norway: Support sexual self-esteem (how one feels about oneself as a sexual group for lesbians and gay men being) while dealing with a chronic illness such as MS. It is with multiple sclerosis 22 particularly challenging in cultures where society places importance on qualities that are not always consistent with Results of the online survey 24 chronic illness, such as beauty, health and independence. Quality of Life Principles 25 With this issue of MS in focus we hope to increase awareness of the fact that sexual problems are a direct result of Reviews 26 demyelination, can be a result of other MS symptoms and that Subscription details 28 psychological, social and cultural aspects influence an individual’s sexuality. The next issue of MS in focus will be on We also hope that this issue will serve as a resource for Rehabilitation. Send questions and professionals who encounter difficulties in discussing intimacy letters to [email protected] or marked for and sexuality issues with people with MS. the attention of Michele Messmer Michele Messmer Uccelli, Editor Uccelli at the Italian MS Society, Via Operai 40, Genoa, Italy 16149. Editorial Statement The content of MS in focus is based on professional knowledge and experience. The editor and authors endeavour to provide relevant and up-to-date information. Information provided through MS in focus is not intended to substitute for advice, prescription or recommendation from a physician or other healthcare professional. For specific, personalised information, consult your healthcare provider. MSIF does not approve, endorse or recommend specific products or services, but provides information to assist people in making their own decisions. 3 MSin focus Issue 6 • 2005 Introduction to intimacy and sexuality in MS By Fred Foley, PhD, Bernard Gimbel MS Center, New Jersey and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA Multiple sclerosis can cause changes that affect Sexual changes in MS: one’s usual ways of expressing sexuality. Everyone frequency and characteristics with MS retains the capacity to give and receive love Studies have been completed on the prevalence of and pleasure, although creative problem-solving is sexual and relationship problems in MS in a number sometimes necessary to find avenues for intimate of countries. Although normal sexual function expression. Understanding how MS symptoms changes throughout the lifespan, MS can affect an might affect intimacy and sexuality represents a individual’s sexual experience in a variety of ways. crucial step towards overcoming obstacles Studies on the prevalence of sexual problems in MS effectively. Whether one is newly diagnosed, indicate that 40-80 per cent of women and 50-90 physically disabled, young, mature, single or in a per cent of men have sexual complaints or concerns. committed relationship, MS does not diminish the The most frequently reported changes in men are a universal human need to give and receive love and diminished capacity to attain or maintain an erection, intimate pleasure. and difficulty having an orgasm. The most frequent changes that women report are a partial or total loss of libido (sexual desire), vaginal dryness/irritation, diminished orgasm, and uncomfortable sensory changes in the genitals. Sexual changes in MS can best be characterised as primary, secondary, or tertiary in nature. Primary sexual dysfunction stems from changes to the nervous system that directly impair the sexual response and/or sexual feelings. Primary disturbances can include partial or total loss of libido (sexual desire), unpleasant or decreased sensations in the genitals, decreased vaginal lubrication or erectile capacity, and decreased frequency and/or intensity of orgasm. Secondary sexual dysfunction refers to MS-related physical changes that indirectly affect the sexual response. Bladder and/or bowel dysfunction, fatigue, spasticity, muscle weakness, 4 MSin focus Issue 6 • 2005 problems with attention and concentration, hand (middle) and sacral (lower) spinal cord and genitals tremors, and non-genital changes in sensation are throughout the sexual response cycle. Since MS can amongst the most common MS symptoms that can result in randomly distributed lesions along many of cause secondary sexual dysfunction. Tertiary sexual these myelinated pathways, it is not surprising that dysfunction results from psychosocial and cultural changes in sexual function are reported so issues that can interfere with sexual feelings and frequently. The good news is that there are likely to sexual response. Depression, performance anxiety, be neurologic pathways that mediate aspects of changes in family roles, lowered self-esteem, body- sexual feelings and response that are widely image concerns, loss of confidence, and internalised distributed and therefore unaffected by MS lesions. beliefs and expectations about what defines a “sexual man” or a “sexual woman” in the context of The subsequent articles in this issue of MS in focus having a disability, can all be expressions of, or will discuss in greater detail the important aspects of contribute to, tertiary sexual dysfunction. sexual functioning as related to MS, including strategies for enhancing sexual desire, The central nervous system communicating with a sexual partner and managing and sexual response other symptoms of the disease that can inhibit Sexual response is mediated by the central nervous sexual expression.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Imperial Tobacco Australia Limited
    Imperial Tobacco Australia Limited Submission to the House Standing Committee on Health and Ageing regarding the Inquiry into Plain Tobacco Packaging 22 July 2011 www.imperial-tobacco.com An IMPERIAL TOBACCO GROUP company Registered Office: Level 4, 4-8 Inglewood Place, Norwest Business Park, Baulkham Hills NSW 2153 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 2 COMPANY BACKGROUND 6 3 NO CREDIBLE RESEARCH TO SUPPORT THE INTRODUCTION OF PLAIN PACKAGING 7 4 INCREASED TRADE IN ILLICIT TOBACCO 10 4.1 Combating counterfeit product 11 4.2 Illicit trade impact from unproven regulations 14 4.3 Plain Packaging is not an FCTC obligation 15 4.4 Plain Packaging will place Australia in breach of FCTC obligations 16 5 PLAIN PACKAGING WILL BREACH THE LAW AND INTERNATIONAL TREATIES 19 5.1 Specific Breaches of the TRIPS Agreement 20 5.2 Plain Packaging will breach the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade 25 5.3 Breaches of Free Trade Agreements and Bilateral Investment Treaties 27 5.4 Threat to Australia’s reputation 28 6 THE BILL IS UNCONSTITUTIONAL 29 7 NEGATIVE IMPACT ON COMPETITION, CONSUMERS AND RETAILERS 32 7.1 Adverse effects on consumers and retailers 32 7.2 Known effects on businesses and retailers 34 8 INADEQUATE TIME FOR COMPLIANCE 36 8.1 Uncertainty created by incomplete draft Regulations 38 8.2 Previous timelines at introduction of Graphic Health Warnings 2005/6 40 8.3 The Bill and draft Regulations omit important consumer information 41 8.4 Strict Liability and Criminal Penalties 42 9 AUSTRALIA the “NANNY STATE” 43 9.1 Over regulation 43
    [Show full text]
  • Point-Of-Sale: Tobacco Industry's Last Domain to Fight Bans
    POINT‐OF‐SALE: TOBACCO INDUSTRY’S LAST DOMAIN TO FIGHT BANS ON ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONS Introduction With tobacco advertising and promotions being either totally or partially banned in the mass media in ASEAN, the tobacco industry has shifted its focus to the point-of-sale (POS), it is now the principal avenue for marketing and promoting cigarettes, particularly to vulnerable minors. Cigarette displays at POS are aimed at keeping cigarettes visible and normalizing the product in the public’s mind. POS outlets are ubiquitous, and there is usually no control over their numbers as well as no regulations over what can be sold, which gives the tobacco industry an easy way to make cigarettes easily available. Most countries in the region allow cigarette advertising and promotions at POS. The Philippines and Thailand are licensing the POS outlets. And Thailand is the only ASEAN country that has a comprehensive ban of tobacco industry advertising and promotions at POS that includes a ban of cigarette packs display. Cigarette packs and cartons must be hidden under the cashier’s counter and its display rack and shelves must be covered. SURVEILLANCE Country Current Remarks law/regulation on POS Cambodia Partial ban Enforcement starts in August 2011 Except pack display Indonesia Partial ban Except pack display Lao PDR Partial ban Except pack display INDUSTRY Malaysia Partial ban Except pack display Philippines Partial ban Except pack display Thailand Comprehensive ban Vietnam Partial ban Allows display of only 1 pack or 1 carton per brand Regional industry tactics and trends in POS TOBACCO Marketing channels Cigarettes are sold in POS such as supermarkets, sundry shops, kiosks, newsstands, mobile vans, street vendors, market stalls, minimarts and convenience stores.
    [Show full text]
  • Menthol Content in U.S. Marketed Cigarettes
    HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Nicotine Manuscript Author Tob Res. Author Manuscript Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 July 01. Published in final edited form as: Nicotine Tob Res. 2016 July ; 18(7): 1575–1580. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv162. Menthol Content in U.S. Marketed Cigarettes Jiu Ai, Ph.D.1, Kenneth M. Taylor, Ph.D.1, Joseph G. Lisko, M.S.2, Hang Tran, M.S.2, Clifford H. Watson, Ph.D.2, and Matthew R. Holman, Ph.D.1 1Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993 2Tobacco Products Laboratory, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA Abstract Introduction—In 2011 menthol cigarettes accounted for 32 percent of the market in the United States, but there are few literature reports that provide measured menthol data for commercial cigarettes. To assess current menthol application levels in the U.S. cigarette market, menthol levels in cigarettes labeled or not labeled to contain menthol was determined for a variety of contemporary domestic cigarette products. Method—We measured the menthol content of 45whole cigarettes using a validated gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method (GC/MS). Results—In 23 cigarette brands labeled as menthol products, the menthol levels of the whole cigarette ranged from 2.9 to 19.6 mg/cigarette, with three products having higher levels of menthol relative to the other menthol products. The menthol levels for 22 cigarette products not labeled to contain menthol ranged from 0.002 to 0.07 mg/cigarette.
    [Show full text]
  • Kohl's Corporation 12 March 2021 Dear Ms. Michelle Gass, We Have the Honour to Address You in Our Capacities As Working Group On
    PALAIS DES NATIONS • 1211 GENEVA 10, SWITZERLAND Mandates of the Working Group on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises; the Special Rapporteur in the field of cultural rights; the Special Rapporteur on minority issues; the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief; the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences; the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; and the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children REFERENCE: AL OTH 118/2021 12 March 2021 Dear Ms. Michelle Gass, We have the honour to address you in our capacities as Working Group on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises; Special Rapporteur in the field of cultural rights; Special Rapporteur on minority issues; Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief; Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences; Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; and Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, pursuant to Human Rights Council resolutions 44/15, 37/12, 43/8, 40/10, 42/10, 43/20 and 44/4. We are independent human rights experts appointed and mandated by the United Nations Human Rights Council to report and advise on human rights issues from a thematic or country-specific perspective. We are part of the special procedures system of the United Nations, which has 56 thematic and country mandates on a broad range of human rights issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Tobacco Compliant List by Brand Name ______
    OKLAHOMA OFFICE OF ATTORNEY GENERAL TOBACCO ENFORCEMENT UNIT 313 NW 21st STREET OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA 73105-3207 _____________________________________________________________________________ Tobacco Compliant List by Brand Name _________________________________________ 1839 (RYO) – PM - (Premier Manufacturing, Inc.) 1839 – PM - (Premier Manufacturing, Inc.) 24/7 – NPM - (Xcaliber International Ltd., LLC) 305 – NPM - (Dosal Tobacco Company) American Bison – PM - (Wind River Tobacco Company) American Bison (RYO) – PM - (Wind River Tobacco Company) Aura – NPM - (Cheyenne International, LLC) Bali Shag (RYO) – PM - (Top Tobacco, LP) Basic – PM - (Philip Morris, USA) Benson & Hedges – PM - (Philip Morris, USA) Berkley (FL, MS, TX only) – NPM - (Xcaliber International Ltd., LLC) Berley – NPM - (Xcaliber International Ltd., LLC) Black & Gold – PM - (Sherman’s 1400 Broadway N.Y.C. LLC) Bronson – PM - (Liggett Group LLC) Bugler (RYO) – PM - (Scandinavian Tobacco Group Lane Limited) Cambridge – PM – (Philip Morris, USA) Camel – PM - (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company) Camel Wides – PM - (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company) Canoe (RYO) – PM - (Wind River Tobacco Company) Effective 05/14/2021 Capri – PM - (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company) Carlton – PM - (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company) Carnival – NPM - (KT&G Corporation) Chesterfield – PM - (Philip Morris, USA) Cheyenne – NPM - (Cheyenne International, LLC) Cigarettellos – PM - (Sherman’s 1400 Broadway N.Y.C. LLC) Classic – PM - (Sherman’s 1400 Broadway N.Y.C. LLC) Commander – PM - (Philip Morris, USA) Crowns – PM - (Commonwealth Brands, Inc.) DTC – NPM - (Dosal Tobacco Company) Dave’s – PM - (Philip Morris, USA) Decade – NPM - (Cheyenne International, LLC) Doral – PM - (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company) Drum (RYO) – PM - (Top Tobacco, LP) Dunhill International – PM - (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company) Dunhill – PM - (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company) Eagle 20's – PM - (Liggett Group LLC) * Vector Tobacco Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Vaping and E-Cigarettes: Adding Fuel to the Coronavirus Fire?
    Vaping and e-cigarettes: Adding fuel to the coronavirus fire? abcnews.go.com/Health/vaping-cigarettes-adding-fuel-coronavirus-fire/story By Dr. Chloë E. Nunneley 26 March 2020, 17:04 6 min read Vaping and e-cigarettes: Adding fuel to the coronavirus fire?Because vaping can cause dangerous lung and respiratory problems, experts say it makes sense that the habit could aggravate the symptoms of COVID-19. New data released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention last week warns that young people may be more impacted by COVID-19 than was initially thought, with patients under the age of 45 comprising more than a third of all cases, and one in five of those patients requiring hospitalization. Although scientists still don’t have good data to explain exactly why some young people are getting very sick from the novel coronavirus, some experts are now saying that the popularity of e-cigarettes and vaping could be making a bad situation even worse. Approximately one in four teens in the United States vapes or smokes e-cigarettes, with the FDA declaring the teenage use of these products a nationwide epidemic and the CDC warning about a life-threatening vaping illness called EVALI, or “E-cigarette or Vaping- Associated Lung Injury.” Public health experts believe that conventional cigarette smokers are likely to have more serious illness if they become infected with COVID-19, according to the World Health Organization. Because vaping can also cause dangerous lung and respiratory problems, 1/4 experts say it makes sense that the habit could aggravate the symptoms of COVID-19, although they will need longer-term studies to know for sure.
    [Show full text]
  • Office of Tobacco Control Annual Report 2016
    2016 ANNUAL REPORT MISSISSIPPI STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH OFFICE OF TOBACCO CONTROL table of contents Introduction..............................................................................................................page 3 Overview....................................................................................................................page 4 Mission + Values.....................................................................................................page 5 Infrastructure, Administration, and Management...........................................page 6 Economic Impact...................................................................................................page 12 Tobacco Tax Revenue...........................................................................................page 16 Adult Tobacco Data..............................................................................................page 20 Statewide Interventions........................................................................................page 24 Cessation Services................................................................................................page 27 Community Interventions....................................................................................page 29 Youth Tobacco Data..............................................................................................page 31 Youth Programs.....................................................................................................page 36 Mass Reach Health Communication
    [Show full text]
  • Edition 1.0 2/40 TKM60P User's Manual
    Edition 1.0 2/40 TKM60P User’s manual 0. Preliminary information .................................................................................................. 4 0.1. SYMBOLS AND CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL.................................................................. 4 0.2. INDEX OF REVISIONS........................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction...................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. Incremental and absolute encoders ........................................................................................................ 5 1.2. Mechanical assembly.............................................................................................................................. 5 1.3. The TKM60P absolute encoder .............................................................................................................. 6 2. The TKM60P encoder ...................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Technical characteristics......................................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Electrical characteristics.......................................................................................................................... 8 2.3. Mechanical characteristics .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Action Needed: E-Cigarettes
    ACTION NEEDED: E-CIGARETTES Since their introduction in 2008, e-cigarettes have become both ubiquitous and an increasing source of public policy concern and debate. This concern stems primarily from drastic increases in youth e-cigarette use. The most recent data show that 27.5% of high schoolers are using these products — a rate of youth tobacco product use not seen in nearly two decades. The public health community, parents and educators are shocked and worried to find their children and students using these products at home and even in class. Young people are reporting severe signs of dependence, E-cigarettes are now threatening including using e-cigarettes when they first wake up, inability to concentrate in the classroom without to undo all the progress that the using an e-cigarette, and even waking in the night public health community and to get a nicotine fix. government have made over decades We have known for decades that youth in particular to reduce cigarette smoking should not be exposed to nicotine because it changes brain chemistry to create a stronger addiction, can lead to memory and concentration Current generation of e-cigarettes problems, and can make youth who use it more susceptible to addiction to other substances. Research also suggests that young people who use e-cigarettes are four times more likely to go on to smoke combustible cigarettes. E-cigarettes are now threatening to undo all the progress that the public health community and JUUL government have made over decades to reduce cigarette smoking. Indeed, the surgeon general raised the alarm by issuing an advisory declaring a youth e-cigarette epidemic in December 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Tobacco Compliant List by Brand Name ______
    OKLAHOMA OFFICE OF ATTORNEY GENERAL TOBACCO ENFORCEMENT UNIT 313 NW 21st STREET OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA 73105-3207 _____________________________________________________________________________ Tobacco Compliant List by Brand Name _________________________________________ 1839 (RYO) – PM - (Premier Manufacturing, Inc.) 1839 – PM - (Premier Manufacturing, Inc.) 24/7 – NPM - (Xcaliber International Ltd., LLC) 305 – NPM - (Dosal Tobacco Company) American Bison – PM - (Wind River Tobacco Company) American Bison (RYO) – PM - (Wind River Tobacco Company) Aura – NPM - (Cheyenne International, LLC) Bali Shag (RYO) – PM - (Top Tobacco, LP) Basic – PM - (Philip Morris, USA) Benson & Hedges – PM - (Philip Morris, USA) Berkley (FL, MS, TX only) – NPM - (Xcaliber International Ltd., LLC) Berley – NPM - (Xcaliber International Ltd., LLC) Bronson – PM - (Liggett Group LLC) Bugler (RYO) – PM - (Scandinavian Tobacco Group Lane Limited) Cambridge – PM – (Philip Morris, USA) Camel – PM - (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company) Camel Wides – PM - (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company) Canoe (RYO) – PM - (Wind River Tobacco Company) Capri – PM - (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company) Effective 06/01/2021 Carlton – PM - (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company) Carnival – NPM - (KT&G Corporation) Chesterfield – PM - (Philip Morris, USA) Cheyenne – NPM - (Cheyenne International, LLC) Crowns – PM - (Commonwealth Brands, Inc.) DTC – NPM - (Dosal Tobacco Company) Decade – NPM - (Cheyenne International, LLC) Doral – PM - (R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company) Drum (RYO) – PM - (Top Tobacco, LP) Dunhill
    [Show full text]
  • Taryield Brand Nicotine Yield CO Yield 1 SILK CUT SILVER KING SIZE 0.1 1 1 MAYFAIR FINE 0.1
    file:///J|/eattree/special_licence/6737/mrdoc/pdf/code_frames/cig09.txt UK Data Archive Study Number SN 6716 - General Lifestyle Survey: Secure Access TarYield Brand Nicotine Yield CO Yield 1 SILK CUT SILVER KING SIZE 0.1 1 1 MAYFAIR FINE 0.1 1 2 LAMBERT & BUTLER WHITE 0.2 1 3 MARLBORO KING SIZE (SILVER) 0.3 3 3 SILK CUT BLUE KING SIZE 0.3 3 3 SUPERKINGS WHITE 0.4 3 4 SILK CUT MENTHOL KING SIZE 0.4 5 5 PALL MALL ORANGE 0.5 5 5 RICHMOND KING SIZE MENTHOL 0.4 5 5 LAMBERT & BUTLER GOLD 0.4 5 5 LAMBERT & BUTLER MENTHOL 0.5 5 5 RICHMOND SMOOTH KING SIZE 0.4 6 5 SILK CUT PURPLE KING SIZE 0.5 5 5 JPS KING SIZE WHITE 0.5 6 5 SILK CUT 100S 0.5 6 5 MAYFAIR MENTHOL KING SIZE 0.6 6 5 SUPREME SUPERKINGS WHITE 0.5 5 5 MAXIM SUPERKINGS GOLD 0.5 5 5 BALMORAL SUPERKINGS BLUE 0.5 5 6 LONDIS SUPERKINGS WHITES 0.5 6 6 MARLBORO KING SIZE (GOLD) 0.5 6 6 PARK ROAD SUPERKINGS BLUE 0.6 6 6 NATURAL AMERICAN SPIRIT (YELLOW) 0.7 6 6 SKY WHITE SUPERKINGS 0.5 5 6 JPS KING SIZE GREEN 0.5 6 6 WARWICK SUPERKINGS WHITE 0.5 5 6 BALMORAL KING SIZE BLUE 0.5 7 6 WINSTON BLUE KING SIZE 0.5 7 6 SILK CUT SUPER SLIM 0.7 5 6 MARLBORO MENTHOL KING SIZE 0.5 7 6 CAMEL BLUE 0.5 7 6 JPS KING SIZE SILVER 0.5 7 6 SILK CUT SLIMS PURPLE 0.6 7 6 ROTHMANS ROYALS KING SIZE (BLUE) 0.6 6 6 DORCHESTER SUPERKINGS SMOOTH 0.6 7 6 RED BAND SUPERKINGS WHITE 0.5 6 6 SILK CUT SUPER SLIM MENTHOL 0.7 5 6 DORCHESTER SUPERKINGS MENTHOL 0.6 6 6 WINDSOR BLUE KING SIZE SMOOTH 0.5 7 6 RONSON SUPERKINGS SMOOTH 0.6 7 6 DAVIDOFF GOLD 0.6 6 file:///J|/eattree/special_licence/6737/mrdoc/pdf/code_frames/cig09.txt
    [Show full text]
  • Brand Finance Tobacco 50 2017
    Tobacco 50 2017 The annual report on the world’s most valuable tobacco brands March 2017 Foreword Contents steady downward spiral of poor communication, Foreword 2 wasted resources and a negative impact on the bottom line. Definitions 4 Methodology 6 Brand Finance bridges the gap between the marketing and financial worlds. Our teams have Executive Summary 8 experience across a wide range of disciplines from market research and visual identity to tax and Full Table 11 accounting. We understand the importance of design, advertising and marketing, but we also Understand Your Brand’s Value 12 believe that the ultimate and overriding purpose of How We Can Help 14 brands is to make money. That is why we connect brands to the bottom line. Contact Details 15 By valuing brands, we provide a mutually intelligible language for marketers and finance teams. David Haigh, CEO, Brand Finance Marketers then have the ability to communicate the What is the purpose of a strong brand; to attract significance of what they do and boards can use customers, to build loyalty, to motivate staff? All the information to chart a course that maximises true, but for a commercial brand at least, the first profits. answer must always be ‘to make money’. Without knowing the precise, financial value of an asset, how can you know if you are maximising your Huge investments are made in the design, launch returns? If you are intending to license a brand, how and ongoing promotion of brands. Given their can you know you are getting a fair price? If you are potential financial value, this makes sense.
    [Show full text]