sign in sign up
<<
Home , Chapel, Midlands, Norman Conquest, Thing (assembly)

Anglo- The Norman argue your case! Then take a side and the Anglo-Saxons. on the impact of this trail to explore Use the evidence in What do © Historic Royal 2017 good argue about: conquest for the was a you think?

4 3 1 2 THE Use its: Anglo-Saxon eras in this trail. evidence from the Norman and Examine physical and written Register your first thoughts arguments. and consider others’ counter- Justify your view with reasons Engage others in a debate. Argue your case! Investigate persuasive. the factors you find most Weigh the evidence and decide Take a side Reason / comment • • UNSURE... DISAGREE • AGREE Norman remains map of the Tower’s information bank written accounts contemporary THE NORMANS argue about: argue THE NORMAN CONQUEST WAS A GOOD THING FOR THE FOR ANGLO-SAXONS

English Viking Viking raids Norman Anglo-Saxon king rule & invasions invasion rebellions

(967-1016) (1016-35) (1042-66) (1066-87) (1087-1100) (1100-35) Ethelred II (1016) King Cnut Edward the (1066) I William II Henry I Edmund (1035-6) (1036-40) (1040-2) Confessor Harold II Ironside Alfred Harold I Hardicanute 1067 A CONQUEST 1067 Welsh Borders 1068 The southwest COMPAR-A-GRAM 1068 1069 The north (with Danish) Anglo-Saxon v Norman 1070-1 East (with Danish) rule in facts and figures 1075 Failed ’ Revolt 995 1066 1135

social hierarchy social hierarchy demographics demographics KING KING Population (approx) Anglo-Saxon William I becomes the More than descendant Edward first Norman king in 2,000,000 takes the throne in December 1066. 100,000 1042 after 26 years of lose their lives as a rule by Danish kings. TENNANTS-IN-CHIEF result of the Norman Nearly all Anglo-Saxon conquest, and EARLS % OF POPULATION LANDHOLDING lose their lands. particularly due to ARISTOCRACY William I distributes it WIlliam I’s ‘Harrying Chief advisers to royalty & landowners 3% Edward own vast All land is owned by among a loyal Norman of the North’ in 1069 areas of land and act thralls 10%* the king. By 1087: aristocracy. Some (see source G as king’s agents. Just English lords fall into on reverse). WHERE DO ceorls 87% Normans >95% PEOPLE LIVE? five earls control all of poverty. *perhaps as high as 30% Anglo-Saxons <5% countryside 90% England in 1065. UNDER-TENNANTS towns 10% Women lose Landholding vassals and the right to Landowning class who knights owe military own land and carry out duties for economy & trade economy & trade service to the king. property. king, such as collecting By 1065, Trade with Europe taxes. PEASANT CLASSES foreign relations is one of Europe’s increases, including wealthiest kingdoms. wool and cloth trade Freemen - Free PEASANT CLASSES It boasts trusted with Flanders. Raw peasants who pay Ceorls - Mostly very coinage. Wool is material exports rent to the for foreign relations poor peasant farmers England’s main increase. A period their land. Increased who paid rent while industry and export. of economic growth taxes causes number to working on land. Trading partners begins from the late fall significantly from ‘Free’ in the sense include Scandanavia 1190s and continues 1066-86 and many they aren’t anyone’s and mainland Europe. for 150 years. become villeins. property. Villeins - Work on the Thralls (or slaves) London lord’s land for no pay. No freedom, eg, cannot Slavery is widely A growing, thriving In 1067, William I leave the village. Scandanavian practiced. Thralls are city of more than grants London a influence looms treated as property by 10,000 people, allowing it to Thralls (or slaves) largest. Fortified their owners. They can London is probably run its own affairs. William I bans the be sold and beaten, the country’s biggest slave trade. By 1087 towns (‘burhs’) are Norman rule even branded. trading hub. the number of slaves established as a Like all English strengthens economic falls by 25%. By the form of defence towns, London grows and cultural ties with Anglo-Saxon Evidence of traders early 12th century, against Danish steadily. Guilds are mainland Europe. It women from Germany, slavery ceases in invaders. set up from 1130, provides security from have the legal France, England. including weavers, further invasion. right to own land and Flanders. cloth workers and and property. butchers. ANGLO-SAXON ENGLAND NORMAN ENGLAND

Record your notes, ideas and evidence. You might also chart what you YOUR IDEAS believe are the most signficant reasons to argue for/against the proposition.

not so much The Norman conquest was a good thing for the Anglo-Saxons definitely

at the time short term longer term

Content & design by Joshua Rice

Normans-A3-final-3.indd 1 09/10/2017 00:19 Normans-A3-final-3.indd 2 BEFORE I go out at daybreak, goading [They surrendered] out 1 A D THE NORMANS 2 Compare sources B and D, It probably functioned as a the oxen to the field, and I join SOURCES & of necessity, after most both accounts of London’s ‘Great Hall’ - an all-purpose EXPLORE THE them to the plough; no winter is of the damage had been so harsh that I would dare to lurk surrender. Which do you find space for meeting and EVIDENCE done - and it was a great at home for fear of my master ... piece of folly that they had Ravens’ Arch more convincing and why? receiving guests, dining and Throughout the whole day I must not done it earlier ... They Find a traffic-free entertaining. plough a full acre or more ... I must gave hostages and swore place to stop near this NORMAN [William was] received fill the stall of the oxen with hay, B oaths to [William] and he arched gateway near supply them with water and carry peacefully’ and ‘the citizens promised them that he 3 A ‘NORMAN FIST ON Ravens’ Lodgings. ANGLO-SAXON SOIL’ SOURCES & EVIDENCE their dung outside. Oh! Oh! The [of London]…. burst out in would be a gracious lord. TOWER work is hard. Yes, the work is hard waves from every gate to welcome him. oday, the city surrounds 1 because I am not free. Also he was a very stern this fortress on all sides. E T Outside the Explore the room and use Aelfric of and violent man, so that But in 1065, London was the signage to discover This people was by nature no one dared do anything White Tower Aelfric’s Colloquy C always ready to take up the a few miles down river some of the original Norman contrary to his will ... Find a place outside Much has changed here since (c990) sword, being descended toward Westminster. It was features of this room. Amongst other things the England’s biggest city and an the White Tower 1100. Visit stops 1 to 5 and from the ancient stock of good security he made in Saxons, the fiercest of men. international trading hub. where you can look up this country is not to be 2 try to imagine life in the at its full height. William of Poitiers forgotten – so that any Read sources C, E and G. The river helped London 11th and 12th centuries. Deeds of William, honest man could travel ne historian says How do you think William over his kingdom without establish its trading links. 4 of Normandy and King William was viewed the Anglo-Saxons? injury with his bosom full But it also left this area of O King of England ‘obsessed’ with building What do you think he was 5 () of gold; and no one dared the country vulnerable to . They were crucial trying to achieve and why? strike another, however foreign invaders. Anglo- for controlling his newly much wrong he had done Saxon London was attacked him. conquered kingdom. In 1067- and sacked many times and 3 Multiple authors 69, William’s troops raised its citizens were particularly Anglo-Saxon Chronicles castles across England in CULTURES alert to Viking raids. 5 MINGLE response to Anglo-Saxon After England had began F rebellions. 2 to have Norman lords the SOURCES & EVIDENCE English no longer suffered Most were made of wood. White Tower, from outsiders that which 1 But in the 1070s William first floor they had suffered at their Review the Anglo-Saxon ordered a stone built Follow the route until own hands; in this respect ‘social hierarchy’ (see they found foreigners at the centre of his London you reach the Chapel reverse), then read source A. treated them better than fortress - the first of its of St John. It’s a place From what social class might they had themselves. kind in England. William of , so kindly 1 this perspective have been was succeeded by his son remain quiet. Lawrence of Durham written? William Rufus before it was Life of S Brigid completed in around 1100. (1130s) 2 his is one of the finest H Look at source I. Place an X surviving examples Nowhere else had William shown T G near your current location. SOURCES & EVIDENCE of Norman ecclesiastical such cruelty… In his anger he Had you stood here in architecture in England. It’s commanded that all crops and Anglo-Saxon times, who or 1 also a sure sign this tower herds, chattels and food of what might you have seen? Imagine you’re an Anglo- was intended for royal use. every kind should be brought together and burned to ashes Saxon lord and the king has with consuming fire, so that the The fact every major taken your land. How would whole region north of the Humber in England was rebuilt The standard of religion, dead you feel seeing this tower for H might be stripped of all means of WILLIAM the first time? following the Norman everywhere in England, has been sustenance. 2 raised by their arrival: you may see CONQUERS LONDON conquest can be seen as everywhere churches in villages, in evidence of the importance Artist’s impression of the site, 2 I towns and cities monasteries rising in a Historia Ecclesiastica of religion to the Normans. AD886, Ivan Lapper (1999) (mid-1100s) For local Anglo-Saxons, what new style of architecture; and with new Roman City Wall might have been the impact devotion our country flourishes, so that of having such a William of Malmesbury every rich man thinks a day wasted if Find the ruins near SOURCES & EVIDENCE the southeast corner nearby? At first? Over time? Lives of the Kings he does not make it remarkable with of the White Tower of England some great stroke of generosity. 1 THE (1125) (on your right as you What evidence is there approach the entrance that this chapel was part BIAS-O-METER staircase). USEFUL 4 THE CONQUERED of the original Norman Plot each author on the grid. Distinguish between their AND THE CONQUEROR construction? different perspectives, and think about how useful each his is a surviving part could be in your enquiry. of the Roman City Wall. T 2 After his victory at , White Tower, Look at sources F and William planted his troops first floor H. How far do you think LAWRENCE OF AELFRIC OF WILLIAM OF ORDERIC WILLIAM ANGLO-SAXON outside London’s wall to try DURHAM EYNSHAM MALMESBURY VITALIS OF POITIERS CHRONICLES Norman attitudes, culture to secure the country’s most Quickly pass through (c1100-1154) (c955 - c1010) (c1095 – c1143) (c1075 – c1142) (c1020–90) Series of and customs influenced Born in Essex, An English A Benedictine A monk with William I’s chronicles important city. When the the entrance floor. Climb monk with a Anglo-Norman Norman chaplain written by the wooden staircase to Anglo-Saxon life? he soon went abbot who was citizens of London at last as a monk to a prolific writer Norman father parentage wrote an multiple authors unfinished life submitted to William, his first the 2nd floor. Follow the Durham. He on the bible and English like William of at a number of mother born Malmesbury. He of William I, the different sites route until you enter a wrote poetry and and lives of PRO-NORMAN thought was to build a castle Notes: in . used William Gesta Guillelmi from the 9th large room. prose, including saints. He wrote here. He wrote Poitiers’ work, (Deeds of century into the PRO-ENGLISH an account of Aelfric’s Colloquy Gesta regum so there was William). It was 12th. It varies orman castles weren’t the life of the as an aid to Anglorum (Lives a tendency to written in praise within itself and SOURCES & EVIDENCE just fortresses. Irish Saint Brigid. students learning of the Kings praise William I. of his master and different versions N Durham’s bishop . It’s filled of England) He balanced an saw all William’s don’t agree. resided in the with invented alongside a understanding of actions as An excellent 1 This room’s upper-floor town’s Norman characters history of the the English desire justifiable. overview of the Read the information board location and other features castle. At first discussing their post-conquest for ‘liberty’ from period from church in Norman rule with monks who did 09/10/2017 00:19 next to the ruin. What were suggest it was intended for Lawrence was occupations. It’s simply a monk, thought the parts England. Both an appreciation not share the the benefits of positioning a high status Normans and, were completed of Norman same devotion but he later helped students castle here? when he was here, the king by 1120. Tended society’s benefits. to the king as joined bishop’s engage in role- to favour the Anglo-Norman himself. court. playing lessons. English. chroniclers. NOT SO USEFUL