Marriage, Passion and Love

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Marriage, Passion and Love change public lecture The ARC Centre of Excellence for the History of Emotions (Europe 1100-1800) presents: MARRIAGE, PASSION AND LOVE (A chapter from Anne of France’s “School for Ladies:” Gendered Emotions and Power in Early Modern France) This project follows the careers of a female network originating at the court of Anne of France (1461-1522), regent for her brother Charles VIII, and mentor to many girls who went on to illustrious careers: Marguerite of Austria, Louise of Savoy, Diane de Poitiers and Anne of Brittany. To this original circle I add the next generation: Anne of Brittany’s daughters Claude, Queen of France and renée, Countess of Ferrara, together with Louise of Savoy’s daughter, Marguerite de Navarre, who in turn trained her own daughter, Jeanne d’Albret. Master of politics, Anne passed on knowledge about succeeding in a man’s world. Her father Louis XI chose her to be unofficial regent on his deathbed, apparently believing that in this way she would encounter less opposition than if she were formally appointed. Although female regency in France continued to be exercised unofficially, it was an important institution. From the beginning of Anne’s regency until Louis XIV came of age, ending the regency of Anne of Austria, the kingdom was for all practical purposes ruled by women for about 42 years, which is to say that, in a kingdom that prohibited female rule, women ruled about 25% of that time. I examine Anne of France’s extended circle as an “emotional community” with the goal of understanding how members were prepared emotionally to exercise power while conforming to a repertoire of female stereotypes. Their libraries are of special interest, because in the works they shared we find models for ideal emotional modulation. I will present from a chapter on marriage, passion, and love. Passionate love was the result of an imbalance of humors; marital affection was an idealized, modulated emotional Fra Filippo Lippi, Portrait of a Woman with a Man at a Casement, ca. 1440. state between spouses in dynastic marriages. I © Metropolitan Museum of Art, Marquand Collection, Gift of Henry G. Marquand, 1889. compare some idealized representations of marital relationships in works from the libraries of the Date: Monday 17 February 2014 women with reports about these relationships from Time: 6.15pm chronicles and ambassadors’ letters. These sources are all “texts”, of course, but I believe that, Venue: South Lecture Theatre, Old Arts., The University of Melbourne in comparing what was perceived as an ideal with impressions of the women, we find clues as to how they assimilated and manipulated their SPEAkEr: Tracy Adams (UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND) emotional models. Tracy Adams is Associate Professor in French at the University of Auckland. She holds a PhD from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Her research interests are medieval to For more information: contact Jessica Scott at early-modern French literature; feminist theory applied to medieval literature; anthropology Tel: +61 3 8344 5152 or [email protected] of love in medieval and early-modern literature, especially romances; Old French, Old Irish, Old Welsh, Old English. www.historyofemotions.org.au John Opie. Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale, Act II. Scene III. © Library of Congress..
Recommended publications
  • Albret, Jean D' Entries Châlons-En-Champagne (1487)
    Index Abbeville 113, 182 Albret, Jean d’ Entries Entries Charles de Bourbon (1520) 183 Châlons-en-Champagne (1487) 181 Charles VIII (1493) 26–27, 35, 41, Albret, Jeanne d’ 50–51, 81, 97, 112 Entries Eleanor of Austria (1531) 60, 139, Limoges (1556) 202 148n64, 160–61 Alençon, Charles, duke of (d.1525) 186, Henry VI (1430) 136 188–89 Louis XI (1463) 53, 86n43, 97n90 Almanni, Luigi 109 Repurchased by Louis XI (1463) 53 Altars 43, 44 Abigail, wife of King David 96 Ambassadors 9–10, 76, 97, 146, 156 Albon de Saint André, Jean d’ 134 Amboise 135, 154 Entries Amboise, Edict of (1563) 67 Lyon (1550) 192, 197, 198–99, 201, 209, Amboise, Georges d’, cardinal and archbishop 214 of Rouen (d.1510) 64–65, 130, 194 Abraham 96 Entries Accounts, financial 15, 16 Noyon (1508) 204 Aeneas 107 Paris (1502) 194 Agamemnon 108 Saint-Quentin (1508) 204 Agen Amelot, Jacques-Charles 218 Entries Amiens 143, 182 Catherine de Medici (1578) 171 Bishop of Charles IX (1565) 125–26, 151–52 Entries Governors 183–84 Nicholas de Pellevé (1555) 28 Oath to Louis XI 185 Captain of 120 Preparing entry for Francis I (1542) 79 Claubaut family 91 Agricol, Saint 184 Confirmation of liberties at court 44, Aire-sur-la-Lys 225 63–64 Aix-en-Provence Entries Confirmation of liberties at court 63n156 Anne of Beaujeu (1493) 105, 175 Entries Antoine de Bourbon (1541) 143, 192, Charles IX (1564) 66n167 209 Bernard de Nogaret de La Valette (1587) Charles VI and Dauphin Louis (1414) 196n79 97n90, 139, 211n164 Françoise de Foix-Candale (1547) Léonor dʼOrléans, duke of Longueville 213–14 (1571)
    [Show full text]
  • Charles V, Monarchia Universalis and the Law of Nations (1515-1530)
    +(,121/,1( Citation: 71 Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 79 2003 Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline Mon Jan 30 03:58:51 2017 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at http://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: Copyright Information CHARLES V, MONARCHIA UNIVERSALIS AND THE LAW OF NATIONS (1515-1530) by RANDALL LESAFFER (Tilburg and Leuven)* Introduction Nowadays most international legal historians agree that the first half of the sixteenth century - coinciding with the life of the emperor Charles V (1500- 1558) - marked the collapse of the medieval European order and the very first origins of the modem state system'. Though it took to the end of the seven- teenth century for the modem law of nations, based on the idea of state sover- eignty, to be formed, the roots of many of its concepts and institutions can be situated in this period2 . While all this might be true in retrospect, it would be by far overstretching the point to state that the victory of the emerging sovereign state over the medieval system was a foregone conclusion for the politicians and lawyers of * I am greatly indebted to professor James Crawford (Cambridge), professor Karl- Heinz Ziegler (Hamburg) and Mrs. Norah Engmann-Gallagher for their comments and suggestions, as well as to the board and staff of the Lauterpacht Research Centre for Inter- national Law at the University of Cambridge for their hospitality during the period I worked there on this article.
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions of the Ottoman Empire to the Construction of Modern Europe
    CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF MODERN EUROPE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY MUSTAFA SERDAR PALABIYIK IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS JUNE 2005 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Sencer Ayata Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science/Arts / Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Atilla Eralp Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science/Arts/Doctor of Philosophy. Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Nuri Yurdusev Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Bağcı (METU, IR) Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Nuri Yurdusev (METU, IR) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ömer Turan (METU, HIST) ii I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name: Mustafa Serdar PALABIYIK Signature: iii ABSTRACT CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF MODERN EUROPE Palabıyık, Mustafa Serdar M.Sc., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Nuri Yurdusev June 2003, 159 pages This thesis aims to analyze the contributions of the Ottoman Empire to the construction of modern Europe in the early modern period.
    [Show full text]
  • 278 Histoire Sociale / Social History These Questions Are Among the Many Stimulated by Waking from the Dream, Which Invites Crit
    278 Histoire sociale / Social History These questions are among the many stimulated by Waking from the Dream, which invites critical conversations about the middle class in Latin America, histories of neoliberalism, and class formation. Now that we are rethinking the second half of the twentieth century in Latin America, undergraduate and graduate students alike would be wise to read carefully this book. Ricardo López Western Washington University WELLMAN, Kathleen – Queens and Mistresses of Renaissance France. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013. Pp. 433. In general, the study of royal mistresses is undertaken separately from that of queens, but that approach, as Kathleen Wellman’s book demonstrates, has the inconvenience of separating the part from the whole, ignoring the relationships established by the individuals concerned. It thus makes perfect sense to study queens and mistresses jointly, especially in France, where the status of the latter seems to have been so important as to make their influence almost indistinguishable in terms of power. The author has analysed these women in the Renaissance, understood as a broad period, ranging from 1444—when Charles VII designated his first official mistress, Agnès Sorel—to 1599, when Gabrielle d’Estrées died before she could marry Henry IV. This means many queens and mistresses have been studied in detail, and sometimes also other women who were neither, such as Louise of Savoy whose role as regent and political partner to her son Francis I the author explores. Such an achievement requires the mastery of a multitude of characters, episodes, and political circumstances over a range of a century and a half, which the author dominates effortlessly.
    [Show full text]
  • The Valois Trinity Takes Power: New Regime and Church Reform, 15151521
    CHAPTER THREE THE VALOIS TRINITY TAKES POWER: NEW REGIME AND CHURCH REFORM, 15151521 Ung seul cueur en troys corps aujourd’huy voy en France, Régnant en doulx accords sans quelque diff érence, D’amour tant enlacez qu’il semble que Nature, Les formant, ayt chasez dissension, murmure, Pour nourrir sans discords amoureuse alliance. Ung Pin, bien m’en records, en Savoye eut croissance, Si très beau que dès lors le Lys pour sa plaisance Fleurons y a entrez et mys par géniture Ung seul cueur en troys corps. L’un est entre les fors nommé pour sa puissance, Françoys, franc aux eff ors, des Françoys la fiance. Sa seur bien congnoissez, duchesse nette et pure, Bonne trop plus que assez. O noble norriture! Ung seul cueur en troys corps. —Jean Marot Th e Royal Trinity Early in Francis I’s reign, the term “the Royal Trinity” was coined to celebrate the special relationship between the king, his mother, Louise of Savoy, and his sister Marguerite, duchess of Alençon. François Du Moulin de Rochefort, the king’s tutor, had invented it, and poets and artists, such as Jean Marot, quickly adopted it to represent the new royal regime.1 Th is surprising appropriation of a divine metaphor refl ects Francis’s close association of his mother and sister in his rule. 1 Citing Jean Marot’s poem, Anne-Marie Lecoq devotes a rich chapter to the metaphor of the Royal Trinity, which courtiers and the royal threesome itself employed early and frequently. See “L’un des angles du ‘parfait triangle,’” in François Ier imaginaire: Symbol- ique et politique à l’aube de la Renaissance française (Paris: Macula, 1987), 393–433.
    [Show full text]
  • Dance History Session 2 Louis
    th Louis 14 Timeline 1576/77, Edicts of Beaulieu, Poitiers and Nantes (defining Huguenot rights). 1598 1610 Confirmation of Edict of Nantes after death of Henri IV. 1620s French indirect involvement in the Thirty Years War (1618-48). Grace of Alais (limiting Edict of Nantes) to lessen danger of Huguenots being 1629 a state within the state. 1635 French declaration of war against Spain (war lasted till 1659). 1636 French declaration of war against Austrian Habsburgs (war lasted till 1648). 5 September . Birth of Louis, later Louis XIV, son of Louis XIII and his wife 1638 Anne (Ana) of Austria. 1640 Birth of Louis' brother Philippe. 14 May. Death of Louis XIII, accession of Louis XIV, regency of his mother - 1643 having set aside the will of Louis XIII -with Mazarin as ,first minister'. Peace of Westphalia (or of Münster where France had presided, while Sweden had presided at Osnabrück) between France and the Austrian 1648 Habsburgs France obtains sovereignty over bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun and gains the City of Breisach and the Landgravates of Upper and Lower Alsace. Civil war in France, the Fronde (or Frondes, distinguishing between the parliamentary Fronde, or Fronde of the judges, and the Fronde of the high 1648-53 nobility) directed against the power of the crown and the influence of Mazarin and his nominees. 1651 Louis XIV declared of age. Louis XIV crowned and consecrated at Rheims. 1654 Louis XIV takes part in war against Spain on northern, north-eastern and eastern frontiers of France. 1658/59, Louis XIV's journeys to southern and south-western of France.
    [Show full text]
  • “A Vile, Infamous, Diabolical Treaty” the Franco-Ottoman Alliance of Francis I and the Eclipse of the Christendom Ideal
    “A Vile, Infamous, Diabolical Treaty” The Franco-Ottoman Alliance of Francis I and the Eclipse of the Christendom Ideal Anthony Carmen Piccirillo Senior Honors Thesis in History HIST-409-02 Georgetown University Mentored by Professor Tommaso Astarita May 4, 2009 Piccirillo i. “A Vile, Infamous, Diabolical Treaty” The Franco-Ottoman Alliance of Francis I and the Eclipse of the Christendom Ideal Table of Contents Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………..ii. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..1 Chapter I. “A Single Commonwealth and a Single Body” Political Prelude and the Persistence of the Christendom Ideal (1453-1516)……………...13 Chapter II. Commerce and Crusades Relations between Christians and Muslims in Practice and Theory………………………..22 Chapter III. The King, the Emperor, and the Sultan Dynastic Rivalry and the Franco-Ottoman Alliance of Francis I (1516-1547)…………….31 Chapter IV. “One can make Arrows of any kind of Wood” Contemporary Reactions, Justifications, and the Abandonment of the Christendom Ideal…………………………………………………………………………..61 Chapter V: Outrage and Acceptance The Consequences and Legacy of the Alliance: Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries……………………………………………........................................70 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….81 Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………..85 Figures: 1. The Italian Wars (1500-1559)……………………………………………………………18 2. Europe and the Mediterranean in the Sixteenth Century…………………………………21 3. The Empire of Charles V…………………………………………………………………35 4. France in the Sixteenth Century………………………………………………………….37 Piccirillo ii. Acknowledgments I am very grateful to Professor Tommaso Astarita for his dedicated mentoring of this thesis. Professor Astarita’s scholarly guidance and practical advice were of enormous value as was his attentive reading of the many drafts of this thesis. Professor Spendelow, along with the rest of the History Department and faculty at Georgetown also offered a great deal of help and encouragement as I wrote this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS Xerox University Microfilms
    INFORMATION TO USERS This materia was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most atfraneed technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been ured the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or Mttems which may appear on this reproduction. I.T he sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sretioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of 8 large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, ^wever, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from lotographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Women and Power at the French Court, 1483-1563
    GENDERING THE LATE MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN WORLD Broomhall (ed.) Women and Power at the French Court, 1483-1563 Court, French the at Power and Women Edited by Susan Broomhall Women and Power at the French Court, 1483-1563 Women and Power at the French Court, 1483–1563 Gendering the Late Medieval and Early Modern World Series editors: James Daybell (Chair), Victoria E. Burke, Svante Norrhem, and Merry Wiesner-Hanks This series provides a forum for studies that investigate women, gender, and/ or sexuality in the late medieval and early modern world. The editors invite proposals for book-length studies of an interdisciplinary nature, including, but not exclusively, from the fields of history, literature, art and architectural history, and visual and material culture. Consideration will be given to both monographs and collections of essays. Chronologically, we welcome studies that look at the period between 1400 and 1700, with a focus on any part of the world, as well as comparative and global works. We invite proposals including, but not limited to, the following broad themes: methodologies, theories and meanings of gender; gender, power and political culture; monarchs, courts and power; constructions of femininity and masculinity; gift-giving, diplomacy and the politics of exchange; gender and the politics of early modern archives; gender and architectural spaces (courts, salons, household); consumption and material culture; objects and gendered power; women’s writing; gendered patronage and power; gendered activities, behaviours, rituals and fashions. Women and Power at the French Court, 1483–1563 Edited by Susan Broomhall Amsterdam University Press Cover image: Ms-5116 réserve, fol.
    [Show full text]
  • Ludovico Il Moro, Duke of Milan, and the Sforziada by Giovanni Simonetta in Warsaw, by D. R
    LUDOVICO IL MORO, DUKE OF MILAN, AND THE SFORZIADA BY GIOVANNI SIMONETTA IN WARSAW D. R. Edward Wright I. PURPOSE OF SFORZIAD: SFORZA POLITICAL PROPAGANDA 1 The text of the book from which Leonardo da Vinci’s portrait came is known as the Sforziad or Commentaries on the Deeds of Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan. Its author, Giovanni Simonetta, served as secretary in the ducal chancery (1450 – 79), a position which allowed him access to state papers as a source for his biography. Written in humanist Latin from 1473 to 1476, at a time when Simonetta was trying to bring a Venetian printer to Milan, it “may have been the first work of history written for the press”. 2 In light of the research, done by Gary Ianziti, it appears to have been meant as a further shoring up of the Sforza political position. 3 Given the unwillingness of the Holy Roman Emperor to legitimize his rule by granting a formal imperial investiture with the duchy, Francesco advanced his claim on the basis of his marriage to a Visconti heir, Bianca Maria, his election as duke by the people, and the recognition of his status by other powers. According to Ianziti’s investigations this was not enough. It was deemed necessary to publicize his virtus, his capabilities as a strong military and political leader, to learned diplomats and humanist curial officials. Simonetta dedicated the first printing to Francesco’s grandson, Gian Galeazzo Sforza. Later editions commissioned by Ludovico Sforza had a similar purpose, that is to show Il Moro’s superior capacity for rule according to a “like father, like son” theory of inherited natural abilities first formulated by Aristotle in the Politics (I, vi, 1255 b): “they distinguish…noble and humble birth…they think that as men and animals beget men and animals, so from good men a good man springs.” The idea took root and was developed further in the Middle Ages, and the Italian Renaissance.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction Catherine De Médicis and the Other Voice
    Introduction Catherine de Médicis and the Other Voice In the course of an extraordinary career that spanned over fifty years, Catherine de Médicis was, by turns, queen consort of Henri II, advisor to her sons François II, Charles IX, and Henri III, and, during several extended periods, regent of France.1 In her wake there followed a rich archive of texts by vari- ous writers who commented on her queenship, some enthusiastically adulatory, others condemnatory and pejorative. Catherine also left behind a complex, even paradoxical, legacy. On the one hand, she was and is still known as a gener- ous patron, particularly of architecture and the visual arts. On the other, her notorious, Machiavellian reputation as the instigator of civil and religious strife is still firmly entrenched in the popular imagination; until relatively recently, this view of Catherine was also quite prevalent in the scholarly imagination. Catherine’s own letters—of which she wrote thousands, both diplomatic and personal—provide a much more nuanced and sympathetic view of her queen- ship. These letters are the closest we have to an authentic “other voice” that can compete with the portrait of the ambitious and vindictive queen that has filtered down to us. It would be wrong, however, to claim that Catherine’s letters are unprob- lematically transparent or that they portray her in stark contradistinction to the darker legacy that surrounds her name. Highly mediated by secretaries or by diplomatic intermediaries, and heavily tailored to meet the anticipated desire of their recipients or to advance her own objectives, these letters reveal Catherine de Médicis to be a political creature, one whose deft diplomatic maneuverings and extraordinary power are compelling and remarkable in a kingdom that did not officially permit women to rule from the French throne.
    [Show full text]
  • Isabeau of Bavaria, Anne of France, and the History of Female Regency in France*1 Tracy Adams and Glenn Rechtschaffen
    Early Modern Women: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2013, vol. 8 Isabeau of Bavaria, Anne of France, and the History of Female Regency in France*1 Tracy Adams and Glenn Rechtschaffen emale regency in France has a long history. Queen Fredegund (d. 597) Fmonitored her young son Chlotar’s succession and reign after the assassination of her husband, Chilperic; Anne of Kiev (d. 1075) acted as co-regent for her son, Philip I; Adèle of Champagne (d. 1206) adminis- tered the kingdom for her son Philip Augustus when he departed on the Third Crusade; Blanche of Castile (1188–1252), mother of St. Louis, watched over her son as a minor king and, later, supervised the realm while he was on Crusade; Isabeau of Bavaria (1370–1435) was appointed guard- ian of the dauphin during the periods of madness of her husband, King Charles VI; Anne of France (1461–1522), along with her husband, Pierre of Beaujeu, was named guardian for her younger brother Charles VIII by the dying Louis XI, who wanted to keep his son safe from the influence of his ambitious nephew. These earliest examples represented ad-hoc solutions to urgent situ- ations. Ever since the regency of Louise of Savoy (1476–1531), however, the queen mother came to be the first choice among possible regents, with female regency achieving a quasi-institutional status under Catherine de Médicis (1519–89), Marie de Médicis (1575–1642), and Anne of Austria (1601–66). Scholars tracing the evolution of this phenomenon have argued that it was made possible by the Salic Law, that is, the exclusion in France of women from the throne: the queen mother was a safe regent * The authors would like to thank the anonymous reader at Early Modern Women for the insightful and useful comments.
    [Show full text]