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Innovative Technologies for Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Nuclear Power the Originating Section of This Publication in the IAEA Was UNEDITED PROCEEDINGS 24/P International Conference held in Vienna, 23–26 June 2003 organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency in co-operation with the Electric Utility Cost Group Inc., International Science and Technology Centre, World Energy Council and World Nuclear Association Innovative Technologies for Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Conference & Symposium Papers Nuclear Power UNEDITED PROCEEDINGS International Conference held in Vienna, 23–26 June 2003 organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency in co-operation with the Electric Utility Cost Group Inc., International Science and Technology Centre, World Energy Council and World Nuclear Association Innovative Technologies for Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Nuclear Power The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycle (INPRO) Nuclear Power Technology Development Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLES AND NUCLEAR POWER IAEA-CSP-24 IAEA, VIENNA, 2004 ISBN 92–0–110704–8 ISSN 1563–0153 © IAEA, 2004 Printed by the IAEA in Austria September 2004 FOREWORD Nuclear power is a significant contributor to the global supply of electricity, and continues to be the major source that can provide electricity on a large scale with a comparatively minimal impact on the environment. But it is evident that, despite decades of experience with this technology, nuclear power today remains mainly in a holding position, with its future somewhat uncertain primarily due to concerns related to waste, safety and security. One of the most important factors that would influence future nuclear growth is the innovation in reactor and fuel cycle technologies to successfully maximize the benefits of nuclear power while minimizing the associated concerns. The International Conference on Innovative Technologies for Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Nuclear Power, organized in June 2003 by the IAEA in co-operation with the World Nuclear Association, the World Energy Council, the International Science and Technology Center and the Electric Utilities Cost Group, comes at a pivotal point in the history of nuclear energy. Progress has been made recently on many fronts related to nuclear power, including waste disposal, license extension, and safety and security upgrades. Many countries are engaged in innovation projects and while most of the current expansion in nuclear energy is taking place in East and South Asia, recent years have witnessed statements and actions in North America, Europe and elsewhere that support a renewed consideration of the merits of nuclear power. The conference included talks on specific topics by 21 invited speakers drawn from 11 Member States as well as 21 oral presentations and 26 poster presentations of accepted papers. Part of the opening session and two half-day sessions were devoted to panel discussions in which 23 panelists from 9 Member States and 5 international organizations took part. All relevant aspects of innovative technologies for nuclear fuel cycles and nuclear power were discussed in an open, frank and objective manner. These proceedings contain a summary of the results of the conference, invited and contributed papers, and summaries of panel discussions. The IAEA wishes to thank the invited speakers, panelists, authors, programme committee members and all the participants for their contributions in making this conference a success. The IAEA officers responsible for this publication were V.M.R. Koorapaty and J. Kupitz of the Division of Nuclear Power and F. Fukuda of the Division of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology. EDITORIAL NOTE The papers in these proceedings are reproduced as submitted to the Publishing Section and have not undergone rigorous editorial review by the IAEA. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the IAEA, the governments of the nominating Member States or the nominating organizations. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA to reproduce, translate or use material from sources already protected by copyrights. CONTENTS SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 1 OPENING ADDRESSES AND PANEL ON CONFERENCE THEME (Session 1) Opening address: Nuclear energy: The role of innovation ...................................................... 17 M. ElBaradei Perspective of a developing country with expanding nuclear power programme ................... 21 A. Kakodkar Innovative nuclear fuel cycles for the future: Why do we pursue nuclear fuel recycling? Expectations towards fast reactors.............................................................. 29 Y. Fujjie NEEDS, PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES FOR INNOVATIONS (Session 2) Energy demands and the nuclear role (IAEA-CN-108/KN61) ................................................ 35 J. Murray Nuclear energy and sustainable development (IAEA-CN-108/KN63).................................... 45 W.C. Turkenburg Economic requirements for innovative technologies — Trends in U.S. nuclear power production costs (IAEA-CN-108/KN64)..................................................... 57 C.L. Cantrell Innovation in nuclear technology and the role of the IAEA (IAEA-CN-108/KN65 )............. 65 V.M. Mourogov EVOLUTION OF TECHNICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS (Session 3) What do societies expect from innovative nuclear technologies? (IAEA-CN-108/KN66) ..... 79 B. Barré Technical aspects of innovative nuclear systems including reliability and safety (IAEA-CN-108/KN68) ...................................................................................... 85 Yu. G. Vishnevskiy, A.M. Dmitriev Environmental effects including all the stages of the fuel cycle (IAEA-CN-108/KN69) ....... 93 In Soon Chang Economic viability of innovative nuclear reactor and fuel cycle technologies (IAEA-CN-108/KN70)................................................................ 107 K. Samejimaa, T. Suzukia, H. Yokoyamaa, A. Kurosawab, Y. Tabaru Proliferation resistance: Political factors (IAEA-CN-108/KN71) T. Rauf PANEL ON CHALLENGES FOR THE DEPLOYMENT OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES (Session 4) Results are included in Section 7 of the summary at the beginning of the publication INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMMES ON INNOVATIVE NUCLEAR SYSTEMS (Session 5) History and status of the Generation IV International Forum (IAEA-CN-108/72) ............... 127 S. Guindon Background and structure of the international project on innovative nuclear reactors and fuel cycles (INPRO) (IAEA-CN-108/75)....................... 135 V.M. Mourogov, J. Kupitz Results achieved within the international project on innovative nuclear reactors and fuel cycles (INPRO) (IAEA-CN-108/76)......................................... 143 V.M. Mourogov, J. Kupitz, F. Depisch U.S.–RUSSIAN collaborative program (IAEA-CN-108/78)................................................. 157 A. Gagarinski U.S. Department of Energy international nuclear energy research initiative (IAEA-CN-108/79) .............................................................................. 165 L. Herrera, S. Schuppner INNOVATIVE NUCLEAR SYSTEMS AND RELATED R&D PROGRAMMES (Session 6) Innovative Nuclear Systems And Related R&D Programmes (Session 6.1) Innovative reactor technologies — Enabling success (IAEA-CN-108/6) ............................. 171 J.M. Hopwood, M. Pakan, N. Fairclough, P. Allsop Overview of the CEA programme on high temperature gas cooled nuclear energy systems: The “gas technology path” (IAEA-CN-108/9) ....................................... 181 F. Carré, P. Anzieu, P. Billot, P. Brossard, G.-L. Fiorini Nuclear options for industrialized and developing countries results of INOVACT project (IAEA-CN-108/10) ............................................................................ 191 P. Loriette, B. Maliverney Innovative concept of reduced-moderation water reactor (RMWR) for effective fuel utilization through recycling (IAEA-CN-108/17)....................................... 205 T. Okubo, T. Iwamura, R. Takeda, T. Yamauchi, H. Okada State of the art of second phase feasibility study on commercialized fast reactor cycle system (IAEA-CN-108/18) ................................................................... 219 K. Sato Nuclear power development on the basis of new nuclear reactor and fuel cycle concepts (IAEA-CN-108/32)............................................................................ 243 E.O. Adamov, A.I. Filin, V.V. Orlov CAREM concept: A cost effective innovative LWR for small and medium utilities (IAEA-CN-108/49)................................................................................. 259 D. Delmastro, M. Giménez, M. Schlamp, P. Florido, J. Bergallo The IRIS reactor design — An international co-operative project and the Brazilian participation (IAEA-CN-108/53)....................................................................... 273 A.C.O. Barroso, B.D.
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