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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,658,844 B2

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,658,844 B2 USOO865884.4B2 (12) UnitedO States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,658,844 B2 Jaensch et al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 25, 2014 (54) MANGANESE OXIDES AND THEIR USE IN EP O710622 5, 1996 THE OXDATION OF ALKANES E. 1 E. g 3. (71) Applicant: ExxonMobile Chemical Patents Inc., JP 3170445 9, 1997 Baytown, TX (US) JP 170445 3, 2001 (72) Inventors: Helge Jaensch, Brussels (BE); Wilfried WO WO 2005, O77498 8, 2005 J. Mortier, Kessel-Lo (BE) WO WO 2006/006531 1, 2006 s WO WO 2006/O15826 2, 2006 (73) Assignee: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc., OTHER PUBLICATIONS Houston, TX (US) "Phenol. Process Economics Report, Phenol Supp. B. No. 22, 1977. pp. 113-121, 261-263. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this O'Young, C.L. et al., “Hydrothermal Synthesis of Manganese Oxides patent is extended or adjusted under 35 with Tunnel Structures”. Synthesis of Microporous Materials, 1992, U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. vol. 2, pp. 333-340. Sheldon, R. et al., “Organocatalytic Oxidations Mediated by Nitroxyl Radicals”. Adv. Synth. Catal., 2004, vol. 346, pp. 1051-1071. (21) Appl. No.: 13/891,895 Co-pending U.S. Appl. No. 60/950,008, filed Jul. 16, 2007. Ai. Mamoru, “Oxidation of Propane to Acrylic Acid on V2O5— (22) Filed: May 10, 2013 P2O5-Based Catalysts”, Journal of Catalysis, 1986, vol. 101, pp. 389-395. (65) Prior Publication Data Brock, S.L., et al., “A Review of Porous Manganese Oxide Materi als”, Chemical Material, 1998, vol. 10, pp. 2619-2628. US 2013/0317272 A1 Noy. 28, 2013 Chang, et al., “Manganese Nodules as Demetalation Catalysts'. Ind. Related U.S. Application Data Eng. Chem. Process Develop., 1974, vol. 13, pp. 315-316. - - - Ghosh, R., et al., “Liquid-phase epoxidation of olefins by manganese (62) Division of application No. 12/163,393, filed on Jun. oxide octahedral molecular sieves'. Journal of Catalysis, 2004, vol. 27, 2008, now Pat. No. 8,470,289. 224, pp. 288-296. Giovanili, et al., A New Synthesis of Hollandite. A Possibility for (60) Provisional application No. 60/949,997, filed on Jul. Immobilization of Nuclear Waster, Chimica, 1981, vol.35, pp. 53-55. 16, 2007. Li, W-N., et al., “Synthesis of Single Crystal Manganese Oxide (51) Int. Cl. Octahedral Molecular Sieve (OMS) Nanostructures with Tunable BOI. 23/00 (2006.01) yiels and Shapes”. J. Phys. Chem. B., 2006 vol. 110, pp. 3066 C07C 5/333 (2006.01) Makwana, et al., “Selective oxidation of alcohols using octahedral (52) U.S. Cl. molecular sieves: influence of synthesis method and property-activ USPC ........................................ 568/910; 568/910.5 ity relations”. Catalysis Today, 2003, vol. 85, pp. 225-233. (58) Field of Classification Search Miyake, T. et al., “Synthesis of Al-containing octahedral molecular USPC ............................................... 568/910, 910.5 sieves and oxidation of cyclohexane with them”, Applied Catalysis See application file for complete search history. A General, 2005, vol. 288, pp. 216-219. Shen et al., “Manganese Oxide Octahedral Molecular Sieves: Prepa (56) References Cited aggeration and Applications'. Science, 1993, vol. 260, U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Suib, S. Microporous manganese oxides'. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 1998, vol. 3, pp. 63-70. 3.214.236 A 10, 1965 Weisz et al. Turner, et al., “Todorokites: A New Family of Naturally Occurring 5,183,945 A 2/1993 Stibrany et al. Manganese Oxides'. Science, 1981, vol. 212, pp. 1024-1026. 5, 198,580 A 3, 1993 Bartek et al. Vetrivel, S. et al., “Co and Mn impregnated MCM-41: their applica 5,340,562 A 8/1994 O'Young et al. tions to vapour phase oxidation of isopropylbenzene'. Journal of 5,523,509 A 6/1996 O'Young et al. Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 227, 2005, pp. 269-278. 5,578,282 A 1 1/1996 O'Young et al. Wang, J.Y. et al., “Cyclohexane functionalization catalyzed by octa 3: A & 1992 E. hedral molecular sieve (OMS-1) materials”, Journal of Catalysis, w - - Young et al. 1998, vol. 176, pp. 275-284. 9: A 3. E. s al Wong, S-T. et al., “Synthesis and Characterization of Pillared 5,772,898 A 6, 1998 sung C. a. Buserite”, Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 31, No. 7, 1992, pp. 1165-1172. 5922030 A 7, 1999 Bond et al. Wu, et al, “Use of Deep Sea Manganese Nodules as Catalysts for 6,096,934. A * 8/2000 Rekoske ....................... 585.316 Reduction of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia'. Atmospheric Environ 6,486.357 B2 11/2002 Suib et al. ment, 1972, vol. 6, pp. 309-317. 6,503,476 B1 1/2003 Suib et al. 6,646,158 B1 1 1/2003 Karim et al. * cited by examiner 6,720,462 B2 4/2004 Kuhnleet al. 6,852,893 B2 2/2005 Kuhnleet al. Primary Examiner — Steven Bos 7,985,883 B2 7, 2011 Vartuli et al. 2002/O128506 A1 9, 2002 Suib et al. (57) ABSTRACT 2003/009 1499 A1 5/2003 Becue et al. Catalytic structures are provided comprising octahedral tun 2006/009130 A1 1/2006 Katikaneni et al. nel lattice manganese oxides ion-exchanged with metal cat 38:8.3% A. ck 3. ki, et al." 423,239.1 ions or mixtures thereof. The structures are useful as catalysts KKaWa (a. for the oxidation of alkanes and may be prepared by treating layered manganese oxide under highly acidic conditions, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS optionally drying the treated product, and Subjecting it to ion exchange. EP OO 10902 5, 1980 EP O608838 8, 1994 31 Claims, 4 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent Feb. 25, 2014 Sheet 1 of 4 US 8,658,844 B2 U.S. Patent Feb. 25, 2014 Sheet 4 of 4 US 8,658,844 B2 FIG. 4 -0- Conversion --O-- C4 - Selectivity Time (sec) FIG. 5 US 8,658,844 B2 1. 2 MANGANESE OXDES AND THEIR USE IN 0.003<r.<0.05, 0.003<r-0.5, whereinri, r, rand rare THE OXDATION OF ALKANES molar fractions of Mo, V. Te and X, respectively. Takashietal also disclosed in Patent Number JP1045643 (9845643-Feb PRIORITY CLAIM ruary 1998), the formation of acrylic acid and acrolein in the presence of PMoV, WXO, (X=Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Sb; if a=1 This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 12/163,393, thenb=1-18, c=0-4, d=0-4 and e=0.05-20) at 380° C. achiev filed Jun. 27, 2008, which claims priority to and the benefit of ing a yield of 0.9% to acrolein and 3.5% to acrylic acid at 12% U.S. Ser. No. 60/949,997, filed Jul 16, 2007. propane conversion U.S. Pat. No. 6,646,158 (SABIC) suggests the use of a FIELD OF THE INVENTION 10 catalyst with a calcined composition of Mo V. Ga, Pd, Nb, X, wherein X-at least one element selected from the The present invention is concerned with manganese oxide group consisting of La, Te, Ge., Zn, Si. In and W., a is 1, b is structures and their synthesis. Furthermore, the invention is 0.01 to 0.9; c is >0 to 0.2; d is 0.000000001 to 0.2; e is >0 to particularly but not exclusively concerned with the oxidation 0.2; and f is >0 to 0.5, for the oxidation of propane to acrylic of alkanes to produce oxygen-containing organic com 15 acid and acrolein. The numerical values of a, b, c, d, e and f pounds. Such compounds may be alcohols, and carbonyl represent the relative gram-atom ratios of the elements Mo, V. containing compounds Such as aldehydes, ketones and car Ga, Pd, Nb and X respectively in the catalyst. The elements boxylic acids. In particular the invention is concerned with are preferably present in combination with oxygen in the the oxidation of C to Cs alkanes and more particularly meth form of various oxides. ane, ethane and propane derived from natural gas. The above referenced catalysts disclosed in the literature result in low yields of acrylic acid at relatively high tempera BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION tures and most produce propylene as one of the significant by-products. Propylene can be expensive to separate, espe The availability of large quantities of natural gas has led to cially in a recycling mode of operation. numerous proposals to upgrade the alkanes in the gas to more 25 Further examples are taught in the art for the mixed metal valuable chemicals including oxygen-containing organic oxide component of catalysts for the production of acrylic compounds. The only commercial processes So far developed acid in one step by Subjecting propane to a vapour phase have required the sequential steps of catalytic dehydrogena catalytic oxidation reaction. Such publications are a tion of the alkane to form an olefin followed by oxidation of Mo-Sb-P-O type catalyst (EP-A-0010902 Rohm and the reactive olefinic site to produce the oxygenate. Other 30 Haas); a V P Te O type catalyst (Journal of Catalysis, processes have been proposed for the direct oxidation of Col 101, p389 (1986), a Bi-Mo-O type catalyst and a alkanes to oxygenates. However, these processes have low V—P Te O type catalyst (Japanese Unexamined Patent conversion and low selectivity and usually require high tem Publication No. 170445/1991). On the other hand, as an peratures. example of a catalyst for the production of methacrylic acid in The two stage vapour phase oxidation of propylene to 35 one step by Subjecting isobutene to a vapour phase catalytic produce acrylic acid is known in the art.
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