DOCSLIB.ORG

Alaska Arizona Arkansas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Alaska Arizona Arkansas WOLVES A BIBLIOGRAPHY AND GUIDE TO THE LITERATURE 1968 - 1987 © 1995-2004 Michael Knee If your research benefited from the use of this bibliography, I would appreciate the following acknowledgement in your paper: "This research has made use of Wolves: A Bibliography and Guide to the Literature by Michael Knee <http://www.albany.edu/~knee/wolf.hmtl>, which is hosted by the University at Albany, SUNY." This bibliography provides comprehensive, worldwide coverage of the scientific literature about wolves for the years 1968 through 1987. For more details about the scope, coverage, arrangement, and method of compilation, please see the Introduction . This bibliography was compiled in 1988 and converted to HTML in 1995. Please send me any errors, corrections, or problems. Michael Knee [email protected] For more recent citations see: Recent Wolf Technical Journal Articles, 1988 to Present Table of Contents Introduction Acknowledgements 1. Comprehensive and General 2. Africa and Asia China Egypt India Iran Israel Kashmir and Jammu Lebanon Mongolia Nepal Oman Pakistan Saudi Arabia 3. Canada Alberta British Columbia Manitoba Newfoundland and Labrador Northwest Territories Ontario Quebec Saskatchewan Yukon Territory 4. Europe Czechoslovaki Austria Belgium Bulgaria a England France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Scandinavia Scotland Spain Switzerland Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Yugoslavia 5. Greenland 6. Mexico 7. United States of America Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Florida Idaho Indiana Kansas Kentudy Louisiana Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana New Hampshire New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Washington Wisconsin Wyoming 8. Anatomy and Morphology 9. Genetics, Biochemistry, and Physiology 10. Growth and Development/Care and Rearing of Young 11. Evolution, Paleozoology, and Taxonomy 12. Diseases, Parasites, Public Health, and Toxicology 13. Field Methods and Apparatus 14. Social Behavior and Intelligence 15. Communication, Vocalization, and Scent Marking 16. Reproduction, Breeding, and Hybridism 17. Density, Movement, Habitat, and Territory 18. Predation, Food and Feeding Habits, Nutrition Studies 19. Interspecies Relationships 20. Captivity 21. Management, Ecology, Control, Protection, and Reintroduction Author Index INTRODUCTION The purpose of this bibliography is to provide comprehensive, worldwide coverage of the scientific literature about wolves for the years 1968 through 1987. The bibliography does not contain references published after 1987. It updates the bibliographies appearing in S. P. Young and E. A. Goldman's 1944 classic work, The wolves of North America (American Wildlife Institute, Washington) and L. D. Mech's The wolf: The ecology and behavior of an endangered species [see entry 1.030] as well as B. Fodor's The wolf in southeastern United States: A bibliography [see entry 7.009] . Scientific and field studies and observations are included; popular, children's literature, and items about wolves in mythology or fiction are not included. In addition, transplantation or immunology studies are not included. The bibliography contains items in the following formats: books, book chapters, journal articles, conference proceedings, sound recordings, dissertations, government documents, and technical reports. Bibliography entries originate from the United States and Canada as well as several European, Asian, and African nations. This reflects the current distribution of the wolf. Often items from the Soviet Union and other east European nations do not appear in the secondary sources for several years; consequenty, the bibliography may not be up-to-date for these type of references. The bibliography lists over 1,600 citations representing the work of about 1,250 authors. The bibliographic entries were located by searching several scientific or general databases. If the database did not extend back to 1968 or if it is not available in computer searcable form, the index/abstract was searched manually. The following is the list of databases or indexing/abstracting services, the years that were searched, and their abbreviations: • Biological Abstracts - - 1968-1988 - - BA • BioResearch Index - - 1968-1979 - - BI • Biological Abstracts/RRM - - 1980-1988 - - BI • Dissertation Abstracts International - - 1968-1988 - - DA • American Doctoral Dissertations - - 1968-1988 - - AD • Masters Abstracts - - 1968-1988 - - MA • Canadian Government Publications - - 1968-1978 - - CA • Government of Canada Publications - - 1979-1988 - - CA • Government Reports Announcements and Index (NTIS) - - 1968-1988 - -- NT • Index to U.S. Government Periodicals - - 1970-1987 - - GP • IRL Life Sciences Collection - - 1978-1988 - - LIFE • Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications - - 1968-1988 - - MC • Monthly Checklist of State Publications - - 1968-1988 - - SP • Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) - - 1984-1988 - - OCLC • Psychological Abstracts - - 1968-1988 - - PA • Research Libraries Group Information Network (RLIN ) - - 1968-1988 - - RLIN • Wildlife Review/Wildlife Abstracts - - 1968-1988 - - WR • Zoological Record - - 1968-1988 - - ZR In addition to the above, key U.S. state and Canadian provincial publications checklists or indexes were scanned. The bibliography is arranged in twenty one subject categories or chapters. Within each subject category the entries are arranged by author(s). The first category, Comprehensive and Genera l, contains entries which are either very general or cover multiple subjects. Chapters 2 through 6 are the geographic subject categories: Africa and Asia , Canada , Europe , Greenland , Mexico , and United States of America . These are also either general or comprehensive but pertinent to a specific geographic area. Africa and Asia along with the Europe chapter are further subdivided by country. Canada and United States are subdivided by provinces or territories and states, respectively. The remaining fifteen chapters are subject-oriented. In numerous instances, a particular citation could have been entered in, two or more chapters. For example an article entitled, "wolf movements and food habits in northern Alaska" could have been entered in either the Alaska subdivision of Chapter 7 - United States , Chapter 17 - Density, Movement, Habitat, and Territory , or Chapter 18 - Predation, Food and Feeding Habits, Nutrition Studies . In order to save space an item is entered in only one category; the primary subject determines where it is entered. To reflect additional subjects for a single item, cross- references are placed at the end of chapters. In this case, the item was entered in Chapter 18 and there are cross-reference for it in Chapters 7 and 17. For each entry there is usually sufficient bibliographic detail to locate it in a library, request it via interlibrary loan, or purchase it. To avoid confusion, journal titles and serial sources are not abbreviated. All authors or editors listed with an item are included. Items without an author or listed with an institution as the author are cited as "anonymous." The entries are followed by one or more abbreviated citations to the source(s) where it was found. These can be used to verify the entry or to locate an abstract. The sources and abbreviations are listed above. Entries listed without sources were located by checking selected bibliographies. Square brackets are used to provide information about the entry not found in the citation. For example, the language of citations not published in English are indicated in this manner An author index is included to provide an additional means of access. All cited authors or editors are contained in the index. The spelling of author's names in non-Roman character alphabets appear in the bibliography as they appeared in the sources. However, the author index attempts to gather all variant spellings under one name. Every attempt has been made to include all publications within the parameters listed above. However, it is possible that some items escaped detection. One can never be sure that any bibliography is without omissions. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The compilation of this bibliography was supported by a grant from the State University of New York Research Foundation. I would like to thank the Research Foundation for providing the funding and the University at Albany for granting my leave to work on this project. This bibliography was compiled in 1988 and converted to HTML in 1995. I would like to thank Peter He and Michael Sauers for their assistance with the conversion. Please send me any errors, corrections, or problems. Michael Knee [email protected] 1. COMPREHENSIVE and GENERAL 1.001 Anonymous. 1968. Gray ghosts. Conservationist , 22(6):33 B1 68:72686 1.002 Anonymous. 1969. Report of the managing director of the Canadian Audubon Society. Canadian Audubon , 31:23-25. BI 69:74858 1.003 Anonymous. 1970. Meeting of the Societie d'Ophtalmologie de Paris. Bulletin des Societes d'Ophtalmologie de France , 70:465-505. BI 71:45403 1.004 Anonymous. 1970. Wolves in North America. Oryx , 11(5):333. BI 72:78242 1.005 Anonymous. 1971. Biology of the timber wolf. Reference List , no. 38. Provincial Museum and Archives of Alberta, Natural History Division, Alberta, Canada. ZR 114(19):160 1.006 Anonymous. 1986. Wolf! NorthWord, Ashland, WI. OCLC RLIN 1.007 Anonymous. 1987. Looking at the wolf, biology, behavior, biases . Robert Rhinehart, Inc., Boulder, CO. OCLC 1.008 Barry, S. 1981. The big
Load more

Recommended publications
  • JVP 26(3) September 2006—ABSTRACTS
    Neoceti Symposium, Saturday 8:45 acid-prepared osteolepiforms Medoevia and Gogonasus has offered strong support for BODY SIZE AND CRYPTIC TROPHIC SEPARATION OF GENERALIZED Jarvik’s interpretation, but Eusthenopteron itself has not been reexamined in detail. PIERCE-FEEDING CETACEANS: THE ROLE OF FEEDING DIVERSITY DUR- Uncertainty has persisted about the relationship between the large endoskeletal “fenestra ING THE RISE OF THE NEOCETI endochoanalis” and the apparently much smaller choana, and about the occlusion of upper ADAM, Peter, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; JETT, Kristin, Univ. of and lower jaw fangs relative to the choana. California, Davis, Davis, CA; OLSON, Joshua, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los A CT scan investigation of a large skull of Eusthenopteron, carried out in collaboration Angeles, CA with University of Texas and Parc de Miguasha, offers an opportunity to image and digital- Marine mammals with homodont dentition and relatively little specialization of the feeding ly “dissect” a complete three-dimensional snout region. We find that a choana is indeed apparatus are often categorized as generalist eaters of squid and fish. However, analyses of present, somewhat narrower but otherwise similar to that described by Jarvik. It does not many modern ecosystems reveal the importance of body size in determining trophic parti- receive the anterior coronoid fang, which bites mesial to the edge of the dermopalatine and tioning and diversity among predators. We established relationships between body sizes of is received by a pit in that bone. The fenestra endochoanalis is partly floored by the vomer extant cetaceans and their prey in order to infer prey size and potential trophic separation of and the dermopalatine, restricting the choana to the lateral part of the fenestra.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sicilian Wolf: Genetic Identity of a Recently Extinct Insular Population
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/453365; this version posted November 5, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The Sicilian wolf: Genetic identity of a recently extinct insular population Angelici F.M.1*, Ciucani M.M. #2,3, Angelini S.4, Annesi F.5, Caniglia R6., Castiglia R.5, Fabbri E.6, Galaverni M.7, Palumbo D.8, Ravegnini G.4, Rossi L.8, Siracusa A.M.10, Cilli E.2 Affiliations: * Corresponding author # Co-first author: These authors equally contributed to the paper 1 FIZV, Via Marco Aurelio 2, I-00184 Roma, Italy 2 Laboratories of Physical Anthropology and Ancient DNA, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy; 3 Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark 4 Dip.to Farmacia e Biotecnologia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy 5 Dip.to Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘C. Darwin’, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy 6 Area per la Genetica della Conservazione BIO-CGE, ISPRA, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy 7 WWF Italia, Via Po 25/C, 00198 Roma, Italy 8 Museo di Ecologia di Cesena, Piazza Pietro Zangheri, 6, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy 10 Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Sez. Biologia Animale “Marcello La Greca”, Catania, Italy 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/453365; this version posted November 5, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Gray Wolf Populations in the Conterminous U.S
    Gray Wolf Populations in the Conterminous U.S. Wolves are apex predators on top of the food chain with no natural predators of their own. They play a critical role in maintaining the balance and structure of an ecological community. North American wolf numbers plummeted in the 1800’s and early 1900’s due to decreased availability of prey, habitat loss and in- creased extermination efforts to reduce predation on livestock and game animals. Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were listed as endan- gered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1974. Although wolves today occupy only a fraction of their historic range, conser- vation efforts have helped some populations to meet recovery goals. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) proposed Western Great Lakes gray wolves were delisted in removing protections for gray wolves throughout the U.S. and 2011 but will be monitored for five years to ensure Mexico in 2013 – a final decision is pending. recovery is sustained (Credit: USFWS). Western Great Lakes The FWS published a final rule at the Human-Wolf Conflict Population end of 2011 to delist wolves in Min- nesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Gray wolves of the Western Great Human-wolf conflicts continue Lakes region are mainly found portions of adjoining states. to occur as both populations throughout northern Minnesota and expand, particularly between Wisconsin, Michigan’s Upper Penin- sula, and Ontario.1 In the 1800s and wolves and livestock farmers. early 1900s, unregulated hunting, Social constraints must be government bounties, and diminished carefully considered when de- prey availability nearly eliminated the wolves in the Great Lakes veloping management plans for 2, 3, 4 any wolf population, including region.
    [Show full text]
  • Standards for the Monitoring of the Central European Wolf Population in Germany and Poland
    Ilka Reinhardt, Gesa Kluth, Sabina Nowak and Robert W. Mysłajek Standards for the monitoring of the Central European wolf population in Germany and Poland BfN-Skripten 398 2015 Standards for the monitoring of the Central European wolf population in Germany and Poland Ilka Reinhardt Gesa Kluth Sabina Nowak Robert W. Mysłajek Cover picture: S. Koerner Graphic: M. Markowski Authors’ addresses: Ilka Reinhardt LUPUS, German Institute for Wolf Monitoring and Research Gesa Kluth Dorfstr. 20, 02979 Spreewitz, Germany Sabina Nowak Association for Nature “Wolf” Twadorzerczka 229, 34-324 Lipowa, Poland Robert Myslajek Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Project Management: Harald Martens Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Unit II 1.1 “Wildlife Conservation” The present paper is the final report under the contract „Development of joint monitoring standards for wolves in Germany and Poland“, financed by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear safety (BMUB). Client: German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB). Contract period: 01.03.2013 - 31.10.2013 This publication is included in the literature database “DNL-online” (www.dnl-online.de). BfN-Skripten are not available in book trade. A pdf version can be downloaded from the internet at: http://www.bfn.de/0502_skripten.html. Publisher: Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) Federal Agency for Nature Conservation Konstantinstrasse 110 53179 Bonn, Germany URL: http://www.bfn.de The publisher takes no guarantee for correctness, details and completeness of statements and views in this report as well as no guarantee for respecting private rights of third parties.
    [Show full text]
  • Is the Red Wolf a Listable Unit Under the US Endangered Species Act?
    Journal of Heredity, 2018, 585–597 doi:10.1093/jhered/esy020 Original Article Advance Access publication 8 June 2018 Perspective Is the Red Wolf a Listable Unit Under the US Endangered Species Act? Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jhered/article-abstract/109/5/585/5034846 by guest on 22 January 2019 Robin S. Waples, Roland Kays, Richard J. Fredrickson, Krishna Pacifici, and L. Scott Mills From the NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA (Waples); the Department of Forestry & Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Kays and Pacifici); the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC (Kays); Missoula, MT (Fredrickson); and Wildlife Biology Program and the Office of Research and Creative Scholarship, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (Mills). Address correspondence to L. Scott Mills at the address above, or e-mail: [email protected]. Received October 25, 2017; First decision January 11, 2018; Accepted May 8, 2018. Corresponding Editor: Fred Allendorf Abstract Defining units that can be afforded legal protection is a crucial, albeit challenging, step in conservation planning. As we illustrate with a case study of the red wolf (Canis rufus) from the southeastern United States, this step is especially complex when the evolutionary history of the focal taxon is uncertain. The US Endangered Species Act (ESA) allows listing of species, subspecies, or Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) of vertebrates. Red wolves were listed as an endangered species in 1973, and their status remains precarious. However, some recent genetic studies suggest that red wolves are part of a small wolf species (C. lycaon) specialized for heavily forested habitats of eastern North America, whereas other authors suggest that red wolves arose, perhaps within the last ~400 years, through hybridization between gray wolves (C.
    [Show full text]
  • RCN #33 21/8/03 13:57 Page 1
    RCN #33 21/8/03 13:57 Page 1 No. 33 Summer 2003 Special issue: The Transformation of Protected Areas in Russia A Ten-Year Review PROMOTING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN RUSSIA AND THROUGHOUT NORTHERN EURASIA RCN #33 21/8/03 13:57 Page 2 CONTENTS CONTENTS Voice from the Wild (Letter from the Editors)......................................1 Ten Years of Teaching and Learning in Bolshaya Kokshaga Zapovednik ...............................................................24 BY WAY OF AN INTRODUCTION The Formation of Regional Associations A Brief History of Modern Russian Nature Reserves..........................2 of Protected Areas........................................................................................................27 A Glossary of Russian Protected Areas...........................................................3 The Growth of Regional Nature Protection: A Case Study from the Orlovskaya Oblast ..............................................29 THE PAST TEN YEARS: Making Friends beyond Boundaries.............................................................30 TRENDS AND CASE STUDIES A Spotlight on Kerzhensky Zapovednik...................................................32 Geographic Development ........................................................................................5 Ecotourism in Protected Areas: Problems and Possibilities......34 Legal Developments in Nature Protection.................................................7 A LOOK TO THE FUTURE Financing Zapovedniks ...........................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • The Trophic Ecology of Wolves and Their Predatory Role in Ungulate Communities of Forest Ecosystems in Europe
    Acta Theriologica 40 (4): 335-386,1095, REVIEW PL ISSN 0001-7051 The trophic ecology of wolves and their predatory role in ungulate communities of forest ecosystems in Europe Henryk OKARMA Okarma H. 1995. The trophic ecology of wolves and their predatory role in ungulate communities of forest ecosystems in Europe. Acta Theriologica 40: 335-386. Predation by wolves Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 in ungulate communities in Europe, with special reference to the multi-species system of Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland/Belarus), was assessed on the basis results of original research and literature. In historical times (post-glacial period), the geographical range of the wolf and most ungulate species in Europe decreased considerably. Community richness of ungulates and potential prey for wolves, decreased over most of the continent from 5-6 species to 2-3 species. The wolf is typically an opportunistic predator with a highly diverse diet; however, cervids are its preferred prey. Red deer Ceruus elaphus are positively selected from ungulate communities in all localities, moose Alces alces are the major prey only where middle-sized species are scarce. Roe deer Capreolus capreolus are locally preyed on intensively, especially where they have high density, co-exist mainly with moose or wild boar Sus scrofa, and red deer is scarce or absent. Wild boar are generally avoided, except in a few locations; and European bison Bison bonasus are not preyed upon by wolves. Wolf predation contributes substantially to the total natural mortality of ungulates in Europe: 42.5% for red deer, 34.5% for moose, 25.7% for roe der, and only 16% for wild boar.
    [Show full text]
  • I. G E O G RAP H IC PA T T E RNS in DIV E RS IT Y a . D Iversity And
    I. GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS IN DIVERSITY A. Diversity and Endemicty B. Patterns in Mammalian Richness 1 – latitude 2 – area 3 – isolation 4 – elevation C. Hotspots of Mammalian Biodiversity 1 – relevance 2 – optimal characteristics of hotspots 3 – empirical patterns for mammals II. CONSERVATION STATUS OF MAMMALS A. Prehistoric Extinctions B. Historic Extinctions 1 – summary (totals) 2 – taxonomic, morphologic bias 3 – Geographic bias C. Geography of Extinctions 1 – prehistory and human colonization 2 – geographic questions 3 – range collapse in mammals Hotspots of Mammalian Endemicity Endemic Mammals Species Richness (fig. 1) Schipper et al 2009 – Science 322:226. (color pdf distributed to lab sections) Fig. 2. Global patterns of threat, for land (brown) and marine (blue) mammals. (A) Number of globally threatened species (Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Fig. 4. Global patterns of knowledge, for land Endangered). Number of species affected by: (B) habitat loss; (C) harvesting; (D) (terrestrial and freshwater, brown) and marine (blue) accidental mortality; and (E) pollution. Same color scale employed in (B), (C), (D) species. (A) Number of species newly described since and (E) (hence, directly comparable). 1992. (B) Data-Deficient species. Mammal Extinctions 1500 to 2000 (151 species or subspecies; ~ 83 species) COMMON NAME LATIN NAME DATE RANGE PRIMARY CAUSE Lesser Hispanolan Ground Sloth Acratocnus comes 1550 Hispanola introduction of rats and pigs Greater Puerto Rican Ground Sloth Acratocnus major 1500 Puerto Rico introduction of rats
    [Show full text]
  • Second Song for Many (2019)
    second song for many (2019) Tim PARKINSON Sample performance for Not Copyright 2019 © Tim Parkinson second song for many (2019) for any number of instrumentalists (ideally at least 5 to 20) The score consists of 75 bars of 6’ each, in sections listed A-O, for Audio Track, Continuo, and Ensemble with Conductor. A Conductor uses a stopwatch to signal each bar. Audio Track - A 1” beep (f5) every 30”, beginning at the second before 0’00”. The beeps may act as an audio cue for each section (except for the central sections F-J where they continue strictly in 30” intervals). This part may be prerecorded audio track, or may be performed live by one person playing an electronic beep (sine tone or other waveform on a keyboard) using a stopwatch to keep strict time. Continuo - Instrument may be any type of keyboard, (e.g. piano/electric keyboard/accordion/reed organ); or 2 keyboards; or treble clef may be keyboard and bass clef a pair of matching instruments (e.g. 2 clarinets/2 bassoons/2 violas/cellos) Treble clef melody plays quietly, legato and continuously from start to finish. Bass clef chords may be held until the next, or there may be rests in between. For both clefs the rhythm is very approximate, imprecise, irregular. Notation given is approximate number of notes per unit. Meandering, hesitating, for itself. The continuo may be positioned separately from the ensemble, to one side, but not offstage. Ensemble - Texts are given to provide rhythms for tapping on instruments (A-E), with stones (K-O), and for whispering.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT RABON, DAVID REID, JR. Factors Affecting Reproduction
    ABSTRACT RABON, DAVID REID, JR. Factors Affecting Reproduction in the Red Wolf ( Canis rufus ). (Under the direction of Dr. Harold F. Heatwole). The endangered red wolf ( Canis rufus ) was preserved in captivity with just 14 founders following its planned extirpation in the wild. Longitudinal reproductive events were investigated to determine whether inbreeding, parental age, and breeding experience were factors in reproductive performance and fitness. A behavioral preference study using olfactory presentations of conspecific and congeneric social odors also was conducted to determine those factors that are important in the selection of mates. Over 30 years of managed breeding, the level of inbreeding in the captive population has increased, and litter size has declined. Inbreeding levels were lower in sires and dams that reproduced than in those that did not reproduce, but there was no difference in the level of inbreeding of actual and predicted litters. Litter size was negatively affected by offspring and paternal levels of inbreeding, but the effect of inbreeding on offspring survival was restricted to a positive influence. Younger wolves were more likely to reproduce, and were more likely to produce larger litters, than were older individuals. The age of the dam, but not the sire, had a significant negative effect on pup survival. Sires and dams that had prior experience in the production of offspring were more likely to reproduce again than were individuals without prior reproductive success, but prior sexual experience alone was not a factor in the production of offspring. Parental breeding experience had a significant negative effect on pup survival, but no apparent relationships with size or sex ratio of the litter.
    [Show full text]
  • Yellowstone Wolf Project: Annual Report, 1997
    Suggested citation: Smith, D.W. 1998. Yellowstone Wolf Project: Annual Report, 1997. National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, YCR-NR- 98-2. Yellowstone Wolf Project Annual Report 1997 Douglas W. Smith National Park Service Yellowstone Center for Resources Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming YCR-NR-98-2 BACKGROUND Although wolf packs once roamed from the Arctic tundra to Mexico, they were regarded as danger- ous predators, and gradual loss of habitat and deliberate extermination programs led to their demise throughout most of the United States. By 1926 when the National Park Service (NPS) ended its predator control efforts, Yellowstone had no wolf packs left. In the decades that followed, the importance of the wolf as part of a naturally functioning ecosystem came to be better understood, and the gray wolf (Canis lupus) was eventually listed as an endangered species in all of its traditional range except Alaska. NPS policy calls for restoring native species that have been eliminated as a result of human activity if adequate habitat exists to support them and the species can be managed so as not to pose a serious threat to people or property outside the park. Because of its size and the abundant prey that existed here, Yellowstone was an obvious choice as a place where wolf restoration would have a good chance of succeeding. The designated recovery area includes the entire Greater Yellowstone Area. The goal of the wolf restoration program is to maintain at least 10 breeding wolf pairs in Greater Yellowstone as it is for the other two recovery areas in central Idaho and northwestern Montana.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonization, Statemaking, and Development: a Political Ecology of the Saru River Development Project, Hokkaido, Japan
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Michael J. Ioannides for the degree of Master of Arts in Applied Anthropology presented on December 7, 2017. Title: Colonization, Statemaking, and Development: A Political Ecology of the Saru River Development Project, Hokkaido, Japan. Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Bryan D. Tilt Although dam construction has been an integral tool in development initiatives for nearly a century, dams can have significant negative impacts on local residents, particularly those who are permanently displaced from their homes and must be resettled elsewhere. Dams have unique impacts on indigenous peoples. As a result, many dam construction projects become flashpoints for organized resistance among indigenous peoples. This thesis examines a case that exemplifies indigenous resistance to dam construction: the Saru River Development Project in Hokkaido, Japan, involving the Nibutani Dam (completed 1997) and the Biratori Dam (under construction). This project has been famously opposed by indigenous Ainu landholders. Although much has been written about the legal and political significance of the Ainu’s resistance to the Saru River Development Project, information on the project’s impacts on local Ainu residents is scattered across many disparate sources, and no comprehensive English-language account has yet been produced. This thesis seeks to fill this gap in the literature by cataloging the impacts of the Saru River Development Project as comprehensively as possible and synthesizing available facts into a holistic account. This thesis organizes these impacts according to the newly-published Matrix Framework (Kirchherr and Charles 2016), enabling it to be more easily compared with other case studies of dam construction around the world.
    [Show full text]