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Presentación De Powerpoint TOXICITY OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR NONYLPHENOL IN PLANT DEVELOPMENT AT ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS Catalá, M. 1, Morales Llamas, P. 1, Esteban, S., García, H. 1, Valcárcel, Y. 2 1 Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública, Inmunología y Microbiología Médica. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid. 2 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Science, Rey Juan Carlos University, c/Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain. * Corresponding author: [email protected] INTRODUCTION In recent years there is a growing concern about the presence of emergent pollutants in natural waters, especially endocrine- disrupting compounds that have the ability to alter the hormonal system. One of the substances found almost ubiquitously and in higher concentrations is the alkylphenol nonylphenol able to mimic the animal steroid hormone estradiol. Besides this compound is included in priority lists as a probable risk for human health and the environment, little is known about its effects on developing plants. OBJETIVE The aim of this work is to assess the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of environmental concentrations of nonylphenol in riparian vascular plant development, using spores of the fern Polystichum setiferum. MATERIAL AND METHODS A mixture of various nonylphenol isomers was used to mimic the mixture shed to natural waters from urban discharges. Concentrations were used from 0.002 to 20 μg L-1, based on the detected environmental concentration in different waters. Spores of Polystichum setiferum was used as testing species. To carry out the bioassay spores were exposed for 48 hours (acute toxicity) and a week (sub-chronic toxicity) to nonylphenol and a biomarker-based approach: mitochondrial activity (cell viability), chlorophyll (plant physiology) and DNA content (number of cells). Figure 2: Effecs of nonylphenol on Polystichum setiferum spores after one week exposure. A) Variation of mitochondrial activity. B) Variation of DNA content. C) Chlorophyll autofluorescence. Asterisks (*) indicate significance at the p < 0.05 level RESULTS relative to controls. DISCUSSION Nowadays, there are not studies that reflect the impact of nonylphenol on plants with ecological relevance. The data indicate that developing Polystichum setiferum gametophytes are more sensitive to nonylphenol than any of the other plants, algae and animals studied. Our results also demonstrate that whereas environmental doses of nonylphenol do not induce lethality, they strongly alter their mitochondrial activity, chlorophyll and growth, especially at low concentrations and sub-chronic exposure. The inhibition of germination by some natural plant Figure 1: Effecs of nonylphenol on Polystichum setiferum spores after 48 h exposure. allelochemicals has been reported to be related with the active A) Variation of mitochondrial activity. B) Variation of DNA content. Asterisks (*) indicate hydroxyl group of phenolic compounds and largely independent significance at the p < 0.05 level relative to controls. of the structural nucleus to which it is attached. Plant gametophyte germination is regulated by brassinosteroid hormones which, alike animal steroids, share a strong tridimensional resemblance with alkylphenols. Therefore an endocrine disrupting effect on plants based one sterical analogy could also hypothesized (Figure 3). CONCLUSIONS Brassinolide Results presented in this study suggest that nonylphenol can disrupt higher plant germination and development by mimicking natural ENDOCRINE ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION DISRUPTION plant hormones and allelochemicals, and likely pose ecophysiological risks. Environmental concentrations can cause acute and sub-chronic toxicity in higher plant development. We can conclude that more studies of nonylphenol on other wild plants and Figure 3: Hypothetical analogy between endocrine disruption of nonylphenol with animal even crops are necessary. steroidic hormones and plant brassinosteroids mediated by sterical similarities. Acknowledgements: The authors thank the finantial support of the program “Projects on Health Research 2011-2012. FIS (PI11/00180)” of Carlos III Health Institute .
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