The Story of the Bible Society the Story of the Bible Society
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THE STORY OF THE BIBLE SOCIETY THE STORY OF THE BIBLE SOCIETY BY WILLIAM CANTON LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W. 1904 PREFACE IN the following pages an attempt has been made to sketch the origin, growth, and progress of the British and Foreign Bible Society during the hundred years which began on the 7th March 18o4, and which will be brought to a close on the 6th March next by the universal observance, among the Reformed Churches, of " Bible Sunday" as a day of thanksgiving for the blessing which the free circulation of the Holy Scriptures has been to the world. Special attention has been paid in the earlier parts of this book to the unforeseen and provi dential developments by which the Society has been enabled to realise in some degree the world wide purposes for which it was instituted ; and the reader has been placed in a position to understand the Society's methods, the nature and extent of its operations, and the sympathy and financial v vi PREFACE encouragement which it has extended to every effort to disseminate the Scriptures. In the later chapters prominence has been given to the personal and religious aspects of the work. This story of the Bible Society has been under taken at the desire of the Committee, and is published with their approval as a memorial of the Centenary. WILLIAM CANTON. Bth February 1904. CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE PRELUDE I I. "WHY NOT FOR THE WORLD ? " 5 II. "BUILT IN TROUBLOUS TIMES" 9 III. THE BIBLES OF BRITAIN 17 IV. THE BOOK AND THE SWORD 33 V. ENGLISH GOLD 51 VI. BEYOND THE ATLANTIC 65 VII. MORNING LANDS AND SAVAGE ISLES 77 VIII. "A WHEEL WITHIN A WHEEL" 88 IX. THE SALT OF THE EARTH . 102 X. IRELAND, SCOTLAND, AND WALES 113 XI. THE CONTINENTAL AGENCIES 123 XII. THE BIBLE IN RUSSIA • 149 XIII. FROM THREE CONTINENTS 16o XIV. THE MYRIAD-PEOPLED EAST 179 XV. THE AMERICAS 195 XVI. WEST AND EAST-GOLD 213 xvn. THE POWER OF THE WRITTEN WORD 219 XVIII. SPECIMEN DAYS 236 XIX. THE PILLAR AND THE CHAIN 253 vii viii CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE XX. THE MINISTRY OF CHILDREN 270 XXI. CROWNS AND CANNON 280 xxn. THE GATES OF DAWN 296 XXllI. "OUT OF EVERY NATION" 307 XXIV. OF THE MAKING OF VERSIONS 329 XXV. THE MEN 340 XXVI. THE CENTENARY AND AFTER 352 INDEX 359 PRELUDE ON the 12th September 1878 Cleopatra's Needle was raised to its massive pedestal on the Victoria Embankment. In the core of the pedestal were inclosed two earthenware jars containing memorials of Great Britain in the nineteenth century. In one of these, on the invitation of Mr Dixon the engineer, the British and Foreign Bible Society had deposited various copies of the Scriptures - the Bible in English and in French, the Pentateuch in Hebrew, Genesis in Arabic, and the sixteenth verse of the third chapter of St John in two hundred and fifteen languages. Thirty-three centuries ago the Obelisk was cut in the red granite quarries of Syene. The sculptors engraved it with symbolic bird and beast, scarab and bee, snake and reed ; and figured the great king, Thothmes III., presenting gifts of water and wine to Tum, the sunken Sun, the Sun of the Night. Under clouds of gnats, driven hard by the rods of the task-masters, long files of captives dragged it on sledges to the sacred river, while gangs of water-carriers poured a flood under the runners to keep the groaning wood from catching fire. It was floated down the Nile on a ship-of war1 and was erected with infinite labour before the A l 2 THE BIBLE SOCIETY splendid temple of the Sun in the little city of On known in after times as Beth-shemesh by the Jew, and Heliopolis by the Greek. In those days Joseph was dead, and lay embalmed in his painted mummy-case or coffin of porphyry ; dead too was Asenath, the daughter of Poti-pherah, priest of On ; but the children of Ephraim or the children of Machir may have read the inscription on this high stone, for the name and renown of Zaphnath paaneah, the " Sustainer of Life," still protected his kinsfolk, and the land was filled with them. Thothmes passed away, and other Pharaohs ruled, and died, and lay in glory, every one in his own house; and a king which knew not Joseph arose, and the lives of the children of Israel were made bitter with hard bondage, in mortar, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field. In those evil days ''the daughter of Pharaoh " may have looked on this colossal token of departed grandeur. A scholar in the priestly college of On, Moses must have often seen it in his boyhood. Rameses, the great oppressor, carved on its shaft the columns of hieroglyphs on either side of the inscription of Thothmes. Rameses too died, and was buried with his father and grandfather in the Valley of the Tombs of the Kings ; and Merenptah his son sat on his throne, and Moses returned out of Midian. Then was the heart of Pharaoh hardened to the likeness of this pillar of granite, and Moses stretched forth his rod, and the plague of frogs squatted and croaked on its pediment, and the plague of flies blackened the ruddiness of its aspect, and the PRELUDE 3 plague of hail rattled upon it, and the plague of locusts dashed in myriads against it, and the plague of darkness clothed it as with a garment. In the dead of the night there was a great cry in Egypt, "such as there had b.een none like it, nor shall be like it any more" ; and Israel went out of Egypt, bearing the bones of Joseph ; and on the Mountain of the Law God gave His people those Commandments which were, perchance, the first · written portion of the Bible. Centuries swept by, and the Obelisk stood changeless amid the wreck of war and the fall of dynasties. The prophecy, "He shall also break the images of Beth-shemesh," may have been uttered in On ; and within sight of this graven stone Jeremiah may have blotted his papyrus with tears as he wrote his Lamentations over "the miser able estate of Jerusalem by reason of her sin." In the long years which followed, Greek traveller and Greek philosopher gazed on the Obelisk, and its shadow fell on the tents of Alexander as he halted on his march to Memphis ; but its last association with the Old Testament belongs to the time of Cleopatra, who planted a garden of balsam trees in the fields which it overlooked. Never before had the balm of Gilead grown beyond the borders of Canaan. Is it not one of the strangest coincidences on record, that after a lapse of three millenniums the Bible should have been committed to the guardianship of this ancient monolith, whose gold - capped summit flashed out to the far pastures of Goshen in an age in which the story of 4 THE BIBLE SOCIETY Exodus had scarcely yet begun to be lived, and the incidents in the last chapters of Genesis were still the vivid recollections of what had happened as it were but yesterday? This storied column was reared to the glory of a man whose dead face may still be seen in the Ghizeh Museum; but with these sacred Scriptures in its keeping, with the memories of Israel in Egypt clinging to its hiero glyphics, as the nests of the wild bees cling to those on the solitary obelisk that marks the site of the vanished city of On, it is in truth a Bible monument. When, in some hidden future, it shall have fallen from its place, when its treasure-chamber shall have been rifled, and perchance a new race shall regard with interest, or amusement, or wonder, the toys, the pipes and razors, the coins of Britain, the standards of weight and measure, the map of the vast metropolis, found in these jars, one deposit, if it fall into the hands of civilised men, will be prized above all the rest. It may be that by that time the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, '' as the waters cover the sea"; it may be that in good and evil the world of that age shall resemble the world of to-day ; of this at least be sure, that whatever shall have perished, whatever shall have been forgotten, whatever shall have changed, the Bible will still survive. Scholars, if no others, will surely still be able to read the best known of these languages ; men will handle these books of a bygone age with delight and reverence, and will recall the story of the Bible Society that intrusted them to the keeping of the great stone. CHAPTER I "WHY NOT FOR THE WORLD?" "SURELY a society might be formed for the purpose. But if for Wales, why not for the kingdom? Why not for the world?" The words were spoken amid a hum of eager conversation. The time was the 7th December 1802. The place was the counting-house of Mr Joseph Hardcastle, a prosperous merchant who carried on business at Old Swan Stairs, near London Bridge. Though the room overlooked the Thames, the river was scarcely visible from its lighted windows in the dark of that winter morning, when, in keeping with the early habits of the period, the committee of the Religious Tract Society had met to breakfast at the hospitable board of one of its members, and to attend to the affairs of their society.