The Prophetic Voice of the Clergy in Ghana on Nation-Building: an Exegesis on Jeremiah 1:5-10
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THE PROPHETIC VOICE OF THE CLERGY IN GHANA ON NATION-BUILDING: AN EXEGESIS ON JEREMIAH 1:5-10 BY EMMANUEL TWUMASI ANKRAH A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES, KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY (RELIGIOUS STUDIES) AUGUST 2014 i DECLARATION I declare that apart from the sources specially acknowledged in the thesis, this work constitutes the results of my research in the subject and it has not been submitted in part or whole to any other Seminary or College for the award of any academic degree. Emmanuel Twumasi Ankrah ……………………………… ……………………….. ………………… Student‟s Name Signature Date 20259063 PG7385212 ………………. …………… Student‟s No. Examination No Certified by: Very Rev. Frimpong Wiafe ……………………… …………………… (Supervisor) Signature Date Certified by: Rev. J.E.T Kuwornu Adjaottor ……………………….. ………… (Head of Department) Signature Date Certified by: Prof. Prince Conteh ………………… ………… (External Examiner) Signature Date ii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my children, Hephzi-bah Twumasi Ankrah, Benson Idahosa Twumasi Ankrah and Lady Didaskalos Osahemaa Twumasi Ankrah iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am very grateful to God for the opportunity He gave to me to enroll in the programme and the wisdom and strength He has bestowed unto me from the beginning up to this time. I acknowledge the mentorship and the fatherly love of Very Rev. Frimpong Wiafe for inspiring and guiding me right from the beginning to the end. Also, I thank my lovely wife for her emotional support and her fervent prayer for me throughout my study. I acknowledge my research assistants, David Boakye Dankwa, Mrs. Richlove Owusu, and Ibrahim Sarlice. Finally, Mr. Karikari Apau is highly acknowledged for his immense contribution toward the success of this study especially at the data collection and presentation stage. iv ABSTRACT In recent times, a section of politicians in particular and some non-politicians have tried to reduce the role of the Clergy in Ghana to ecclesiastical and spiritual matters. They have capitalized on the misinterpretation of Luther‟s two-kingdom theory to mean an absolute separation of church from the state. This has resulted in the vilification of the Clergy that share their views on the governance process of the people. We set out to sensitize the Ghanaian public about the prophetic role of the Clergy in the nation. The study also sought to motivate the Church led by the Clergy to brace themselves up and show the willingness to serve God and mankind by seeking for the well-being of others. The study falls into the Martin Luther‟s two-kingdom theory that has been interpreted to suggest a total separation of church from the state, sacred from the secular and heavenly things from earthly things. An exegesis on Jeremiah 1:5-10 was done to examine the biblical mandate of the Clergy to engage in rhetoric concerning national issues. Questionnaires were distributed to 200 respondents while 10 personalities were interviewed for data collection. The respondents were of Clergy, Laity, Media, Politicians and General Public categories. This was done to provide both internal and external assessment of the prophetic voice of the Clergy in Ghana. At the end of the study, it was realized that majority of both the internal and external respondents agree that the Clergy has the mandate to participate in the governance process of the people. However, a few of the respondents, mostly, the Politicians preferred that the Clergy concentrated on spiritual and clerical matters. Also, majority of the respondents v advised against the Clergy being partisan on political or national issues. Again, it was discovered that currently, the prophetic voice is essentially silent following the bashings and vilifications. Indeed the study was very significant as it sensitized both the Church and the General Public about the prophetic role of the Clergy in the governance process in Ghana through rhetoric. vi TABLE OF CONTENT Declaration…………………………………………………………………………………….i Dedication…………………………………………………………………………………….ii Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………………iii Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………… iv CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION Content Page 1.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………. ……………1 1.1 Background………………………………………………………………………………..2 1.2 Statement of Problem……………………………………………………………………...3 1.3 Objective of the Study …………………………………………………………………….3 1.4 Methodology……………………………………………………………………………....4 1.5 Scope of the Study …………………………………………...............................................4 1.6 Significance of the Study ………………………................................................................5 1.7 Organization of the Study………………………………………………………………….5 1.8 Literature Review………………………………………………………………………….5 CHAPTER TWO BACKGROUND STUDY OF THE BOOK OF JEREMIAH AND EXEGESIS ON 1:5 - 10 2.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………27 2.1 Date and Authorship…………………………………………………………...................27 vii 2.2 Literary Features…………………………………………………………………………28 2.3 The Socio-Political and Religious Setting at the Time of Jeremiah……………………...29 2.4 Hebrew Text and English Translation (Jer. 1:5-10)……………………………………...30 2.5 Syntactical, Morphological and Exegetical Analysis of the Pericope……………………31 CHAPTER THREE DATA PRESENTATION 3.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………49 3.1 Background of the Respondents………………………………………………………….49 Figures, Tables and Charts…………………………………………………………………..51 In-depth Interviews…………………………………………………………………………..59 CHAPTER FOUR DATA INTERPRETATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………75 4.1 Research Findings………………………………………………………………………..77 4.2 Political Participation of the Clergy……………………………………………………...77 Internal Assessment …………………………………………………………………….77 External Assessment……………………………………………………………………..80 4.3 The Prophetic Voice of the Clergy……………………………………………………….89 Internal Assessment……………………………………………………………………...90 External Assessment……………………………………………………………………102 viii CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.0 Summary of Findings…………………………………………………………………..121 5.1 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………123 5.2 Recommendations………………………………………………………………………126 BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………………………...127 APPENDICES Appendix A (Interview List)………………………………………………………………..130 Appendix B (Questionnaires)……………………………………………………………….131 Appendix C (Interview Guide)……………………………………………………………...151 ix CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction The role of religion in shaping social and political life around the world, including its capacity to organize people into cohesive social groups and maintain the order necessary to preserve societal functioning has become part of the conventional wisdom in both lay and academic discourses.1 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is arguably the most religious region of the world, as well as the region facing the most profound difficulties in enacting an effective programme of state-building and instituting stable democratic systems.2 Throughout history, the Church through its clergy (leaders) has affected and been affected by the state in one way or the other. In Ghana, one may say that the Church has been and is a partner of the state in development. The Church claims to affect in one way or the other the economic, educational, health, democratic, trade and industrial life of the nation. However, some people are of the view that the Church has a limit as to what extent it is expected to get involved in secular matters of the state. Others too posit that the message and deeds of the Church should be holistic – affecting every aspect of the community in which it operates. This research seeks to examine “The Prophetic Voice of the Clergy in Ghana on Nation- Building”. That is, the Clergy by way of speaking, to take part in the decision-making process of the nation. 1 Wale Adebanwi, “The Clergy, Culture, and Political Conflicts in Nigeria”, African Studies Review, Vol.53, No.3, (2010): 123. 2 Nicolette D. Manglos and Alexander A. Weinreb, “Religion and Interest in Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa”, Social Forces, Vol.92, No.1, (2013): 214. 1 This introductory chapter encompasses the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions, methodology, scope of the study, significance of the study, organization of the study and literature review. 1.1 Background to the study In biblical times, prophets were God‟s voice on earth. They comforted, praised, counselled, rebuked and condemned kings, priests and the people of the lands3.The prophet Jeremiah for instance, executed his prophetic role in the reigns of about five kings over four decades.4 Jeremiah‟s prophetic ministry affected, and was affected by the political milieu in and around Judah to the extent that on several occasions he was arrested, vilified and persecuted by the powers that be. In recent times in Ghana, especially prior to the „2012 Presidential and Parliamentary elections, a section of the Clergy whose voice was heard on topical issues of national debate was bashed by some members of the various political divide. The verbal war between the two leading political parties – the ruling National Democratic Congress (NDC) and the opposition New Patriotic Party (NPP) was so aggravating that the Clergy in its attempt to exercise its prophetic role ended up becoming a „punching bag‟ for both the NDC and the NPP parties in the run up to the 2012 elections. The Clergy displayed and expressed their frustrations and anxieties