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Description of a New Species of Worm Salamander (Caudata

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Description of a New Species of Worm Salamander (Caudata See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262564524 Description of a new species of worm salamander (Caudata, Plethodontidae, Oedipina) in the subgenus Oedopinola from the central portion of the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras Article in Zootaxa · August 2011 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2990.1.4 CITATIONS READS 12 456 2 authors: James Mccranie Josiah Townsend Indiana University of Pennsylvania 104 PUBLICATIONS 1,350 CITATIONS 118 PUBLICATIONS 937 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Herpetofauna of the Cordillera Nombre de Dios View project Herpetofauna of the Sierra Lenca View project All content following this page was uploaded by Josiah Townsend on 24 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Zootaxa 2990: 59–68 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Description of a new species of worm salamander (Caudata, Plethodontidae, Oedipina) in the subgenus Oedopinola from the central portion of the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras JAMES R. MCCRANIE1,3 & JOSIAH H. TOWNSEND2 110770 SW 164th Street, Miami, FL 33157–2933, USA 2School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA, and Centro Zamorano de Bio- diversidad, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano, Departamento de Francisco Morazán, Honduras 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We describe a new species of Oedipina (subgenus Oedopinola) from Parque Nacional Pico Bonito in the central portion of the Cordillera Nombre de Dios in north-central Honduras. The new species was previously assigned to O. gephyra, but a combination of molecular analyses and its differences in foot morphology diagnose it from O. gephyra. Key words: Oedipina, subgenus Oedopinola, Oedipina petiola sp. nov., Honduras, Parque Nacional Pico Bonito, mor- phology, mtDNA, 16S, cytochrome b Resumen Describimos una nueva especie de Oedipina (subgénero Oedopinola) del Parque Nacional Pico Bonito en la porción cen- tral de la Cordillera Nombre de Dios en el nor-central de Honduras. La nueva especie fue previamente asignada a O. ge- phyra, pero una combinación de análisis moleculares y diferencias en la morfología de los pies la diagnostican aparte de O. gephyra. Introduction Plethodontid worm salamanders of the genus Oedipina Keferstein are among the most challenging neotropical sal- amanders to study, due to their secretive fossorial habits and the resulting infrequency with which they are encoun- tered (Brame 1968, García-París & Wake 2000, McCranie 2006a, Sunyer et al. 2010). The application of molecular phylogenetic analyses to systematic study of Oedipina has shown that several populations of these salamanders represent cryptic lineages warranting species-level recognition, and in some cases entire divergent clades were con- cealed by the relative lack of morphological distinctiveness that is typical of the genus (García-París & Wake 2000; McCranie et al. 2008; Sunyer et al. 2010, 2011). The new species described herein can now be added to that grow- ing list of cryptic species. García-París & Wake (2000) provided a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Oedipina using two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and 16S DNA). García-París & Wake (2000) resurrected Oedopinola Hilton as a subgenus for a clade containing, among others, O. gephyra McCranie, Wilson & Williams, a species previously considered to inhabit two isolated localities in north-central Honduras (Figure 1). Oedipina gephyra was described from a local- ity on the leeward side of Reserva de Vida Silvestre Texíguat in the western portion of the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras (McCranie et al. 1993), and subsequently reported from Parque Nacional Pico Bonito in the central portion of the Cordillera Nombre de Dios (McCranie 1996). A single representative from each of the two popula- tions assigned to O. gephyra was included in the phylogenetic analyses of García-París & Wake (2000). Those Accepted by M. Vences: 8 Jul. 2011; published: 9 Aug. 2011 59 analyses indicated that two species might be concealed under that nominal form based on interspecific-level sequence divergence between the two samples (16S= 5.25%; cyt b= 6.61%; García-París & Wake 2000, 70). How- ever, with only one sample each from the western and central localities, adequate characterization of intraspecific and interspecific variation would await collection of additional specimens of these rarely encountered animals. Despite frequent visits by herpetologists to the vicinity of Parque Nacional Pico Bonito, no additional specimens have been uncovered subsequent to the discovery of a single sub-adult male in 1995 (McCranie 1996). However, several recently collected samples of O. gephyra from the species’ type locality in the western portion of the Cor- dillera Nombre de Dios were collected in 2008 and analyzed for this study, and support the recognition of the west- ern and central populations as distinct species. Comparison of the single specimen from Parque Nacional Pico Bonito with a series of O. gephyra from its type locality revealed differences in foot morphology between the two populations, providing diagnosable morphological evidence further supporting recognition of two taxa. The phylo- genetic analysis included herein also recovered a monophyletic group for Oedopinola, itself containing a mono- phyletic group endemic to northern Honduras and made up of O. gephyra, O. tomasi McCranie from the Sierra de Omoa, and the heretofore un-named sister species to O. gephyra, which we describe below. FIGURE 1. Map of Honduras showing the known localities for Oedipina petiola sp. nov. (square) and its closest relatives, O. gephyra (circle) and O. tomasi (star). Methods Morphology and measurements. The description of the holotype of the new species follows the format used in McCranie et al. (1993), except for some additional characters. All measurements were made in millimeters to the nearest tenth with dial calipers and the aid of a dissecting microscope. The abbreviation SVL stands for snout-vent- length (= standard length [SL] of some workers). Maxillary and vomerine tooth row counts are both sides summed. Comparative data for O. gephyra were taken by McCranie and published in McCranie & Wilson (2002) and McCranie et al. (1993), and that for O. tomasi is from McCranie (2006a). The color names and numeric codes used are those of Smithe (1975–1981). Comparative specimens examined are listed in Appendix I. DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing. Template DNA was extracted from muscle tissue using the QIAGEN PureGene DNA Isolation Kit following manufacturer’s instructions. Two mitochondrial gene 60 · Zootaxa 2990 © 2011 Magnolia Press MCCRANIE & TOWNSEND fragments were amplified using the primers MVZ15L and MVZ18H (Moritz et al. 1992) for cytochrome b (cyt b) and 16Sar-L and 16Sbr-H (Palumbi et al. 1991) for 16S large subunit RNA (16S). Unincorporated nucleotides were removed from PCR product using 1 uL of ExoSAP-IT (USB Corporation) per 10uL of product, which was then cycle sequenced using the BigDye Terminator 3.1 Cycle Sequencing kit for both forward and reverse strands, further purified using spin column filtration through Sephadex, and electrophoresed on an ABI 3130xl (Applied Biosystems, Inc.) at the University of Florida WEC/SFRC Molecular Ecology Lab. TABLE 1. Samples utilized in the phylogenetic analysis, voucher numbers, locality information, and GenBank accession num- bers. Taxon Locality Voucher 16S cyt b Oedipina petiola sp. nov. Honduras: Atlántida USNM 343462 AF199217 AF199161 Oedipina alleni Costa Rica: Puntarenas MVZ 190857 AF199207 AF199149 Oedipina carablanca Costa Rica: Limón No voucher FJ196862 FJ196869 Oedipina collaris Panamá: Coclé SIUC H 8896 FJ196863 FJ196870 Oedipina complex Panamá: Colón MVZ 236255 AF199213 AF199157 Oedipina cyclocauda Costa Rica: Heredia MVZ 138916 AF199214 AF199158 Oedipina elongata Honduras: Copán UTA A-56809 JN190932 - Honduras: Cortés UF 144649 - JN190938 Guatemala: Izabal UTA A-51906 AF199216 AF199160 Oedipina gephyra Honduras: Yoro USNM 530582 AF199218 AF199162 UF JHT2443 JN190930 JN190936 UF JHT2451 JN190931 JN190937 Oedipina gracilis Costa Rica: Heredia MVZ 203753 - AF199163 Oedipina grandis Costa Rica: Puntarenas MVZ 219593 - AF199165 Oedipina ignea Honduras: Ocotepeque USNM 530586 AF199231 AF199192 Oedipina kasios Honduras: Francisco Morazán UF 156500 HM113477 HM113484 Oedipina sp. Nicaragua: Atlántico Norte UF 156456 JN190926 JN190933 Oedipina leptopoda Honduras: Yoro MVZ 167772 - AF199193 Oedipina maritima Panamá: Bocas del Toro MVZ 219997 AF199221 AF199166 Oedipina nica Nicaragua: Jinotega UF 156445 HM113474 HM113482 Oedipina pacificensis Costa Rica: Puntarenas UCR 12063 AF199222 AF199169 Oedipina parvipes Panamá: San Blas MVZ 210404 AF199210 AF199154 Oedipina poelzi Costa Rica: Alajuela MVZ 206398 AF199223 AF199171 Oedipina pseudouniformis Costa Rica: Cartago MVZ 203749 AF199227 AF199178 Oedipina quadra Honduras: Gracias a Dios MVZ 232824 FJ196865 FJ196871 Oedipina savagei Costa Rica: Puntarenas UCR 14587 AF199209 AF199152 Oedipina stenopodia Guatemala: San Marcos MVZ 163649 AF199228 AF199181 Oedipina taylori Guatemala: Zacapa USCG 1134 HM068304 HM068302 Oedipina tomasi Honduras: Cortés UF 150066 JN190929 JN190935 MVZ 258037 HM068305 - Oedipina uniformis Costa Rica:
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