Supplementary Material to Paper 'Estimating Actual, Potential, Reference Crop and Pan Evaporation Using Standard Meteorologica
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Nhulunbuy Corporation ABN: 57 009 596 598
PO Box 345 Nhulunbuy NT 0881 Australia Telephone: (08) 8939 2200 Facsimile: (08) 8987 2451 Email: [email protected] nhulunbuy corporation ABN: 57 009 596 598 8 February 2018 Dr Jane Thompson Committee Secretary Senate Standing Committees on Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport PO Box 6100 Parliament House Canberra ACT 2600 Dear Dr Thomson, RE: The operation, regulation and funding of air routes service delivery to rural, regional and remote communities The Nhulunbuy Corporation Limited would like to thank the Senate Committee for the opportunity to provide a submission to the above-mentioned inquiry. The township of Nhulunbuy has a population of around 3,200 and is situated in East Arnhem Land on the north western tip of the Gulf of Carpentaria 600 kilometres due east of Darwin. It is considered a vital lifeline to the outer regions with respect to the provision of shopping, hospital and health care services. Each year during the monsoonal season road access between communities within the region are not accessible by road and residents of these communities become dependent on air travel to access their basic needs. Gove Airport is located 15 kilometres from Nhulunbuy and services the communities of Nhulunbuy, Yirrkala, Gunyangara and some 80 other communities within East Arnhem Land. It also provides residents and visitors of East Arnhem Land a link with interstate and international travel through the gateway airports of Cairns International and Darwin International. It is operated by the Nhulunbuy Corporation Limited under a Deed of Agreement with Rio Tinto Alcan. Because of its strategic position, Gove Airport is a nominated alternate aerodrome for certain domestic and international carriers when access to their planned destination airport is inaccessible due to inclement weather or technical issues. -
Homework No. 4 - Solution
Homework No. 4 - Solution 1. For Lake Nasser, Egypt, in July, the average net radiation is 170 W m-2; the mean daily air temperature is 28.5 ºC, the relative humidity is 55 percent and the wind speed is 2.7 m s-1 at z2=2 m. D At the above temperature is equal to 3.6. Assume zo=0.0003 m and p=101300 Pa. g a. Obtain the open water evaporation rate in millimeters per day using the Thornthwaite- Holzmann aerodynamic or mass transfer method. b. Obtain the open water evaporation rate in millimeters per day using the Penman equation. Use both the aerodynamic method and the empirical Penman equation for the evaluation of the drying power of the air, and compare your results. For each of these conditions, what is the Bowen Ratio? c. Obtain the equilibrium evaporation rate, Ee. d. Obtain the Bowen Ratio implied by the equilibrium evaporation rate and compare with the Bowen Ratio obtained in part b. e. Obtain estimates of the sensible heat flux for these conditions. f. Obtain estimates of the evaporation rate under conditions of minimal advection, Epe. Useae = 1.28. Obtain the Bowen Ratio implied by this rate of evaporation under conditions of minimal advection. g. Obtain the evapotranspiration rate if the above conditions apply to a (well-watered) vegetated surface for which the stomatal resistance equals 200 s/m. For the aerodynamic resistance use the following expression: 2 z2 ln zo r := av k 2 u O restart;with(student); D, Diff, Doubleint, Int, Limit, Lineint, Product, Sum, Tripleint, changevar, completesquare, distance, equate, integrand, intercept, intparts, leftbox, leftsum, makeproc, middlebox, middlesum, midpoint, powsubs, rightbox, rightsum, showtangent, simpson, slope, summand, trapezoid Define evaporation functions needed for this solution: Saturation vapor pressure function (Clausius-Clapeyron eqn.) in Pascals. -
Calibration of Crop Water Use with the Penman Equation Under United Arab Emirates Conditions
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Fareed H. A. N. Mohammed for the degree of Master of Sciencein Soil Science presented on March 9, 1988. Title: Calibration of Crop Water Use With the Penman Equation Under United Arab Emirates Conditions Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: r BenriO.-P. Warkentin Water shortage is one of the biggest problemsfacing agricultural development in the United Arab Emirates, becauseof the extremely arid climate and the large amount ofirrigation water that is used for crops. Prediction of crop water require- ments is essential to solve water managementproblems in this country. Two versions of the Penman equation, FAO and Wright, were used to estimate reference crop evapotranspirationfrom meteoro- logical data for three regions in the U. A. E.; Northern, Central, and Eastern. Lysimeter measurements at the Northern region wereprovided for five crops; tomato for one season; cabbage, cucumber,and squash each for two seasons; and watermelon for three seasons. Crop evapotranspiration was estimated forthese crops and related to measured crop evapotranspiration. It was found that there is great variation in measured cropevapotranspiration between seasons for individual crops, due totechnical problems with the lysimeter. Combined seasons were used to calibrate the Penman equation, and the resultsindicated that the calibration improved the estimated crop evapotranspiration. Calibration coefficients for individual crops and forindividual methods were calculated. Reference crop evapotranspiration(Etr) value for the three regions were correlated. A high correlation of estimated Etr among the three regions wasfound. Coefficients were developed to predict Etr at the Centraland Eastern regions from the Etr at the Northern region. CALIBRATION OF CROP WATER USE WITH THE PENMAN EQUATION UNDER UNITED ARAB EMIRATES CONDITIONS by Fareed H. -
COVID-19 UPDATE – 21St January 2021
COVID-19 UPDATE – 21st January 2021 MANDATORY FACE MASKS REQUIRED AT GOVE AIRPORT On Friday 8th January 2021, the Prime Minister announced (National Cabinet agreed) mandatory use of masks in domestic airports and on all domestic commercial flights. Furthermore, the NT Chief Health Officer Directions make it mandatory from the 20th January 2021 for face masks to be worn at all major NT airports and while on board an aircraft. Masks must be worn when inside the airport terminal building and when on the airfield. Children under the age of 12 and people with a specified medical condition are not required to wear a mask. Mask wearing is mandatory at the following Northern Territory airports: • Darwin International Airport • Alice Springs Airport • Connellan Airport - Ayers Rock (Yulara) • Gove Airport • Groote Eylandt A person is not required to wear a mask during an emergency or while doing any of the following: • Consuming food or beverage • Communicating with a person who is hearing impaired. • Wearing an oxygen mask AIRPORT & TRAVELLING • PLEASE NOTE: To reduce the challenges with social distancing and to minimise risks, only Airline passengers will be able to enter the Airport terminal, • please drop-off and pick-up passengers outside of the terminal building It is the responsibility of individuals to make sure they have a mask to wear when at major NT airports and while on board an aircraft. Additional Information: • Please be aware of the NT Government Border Controls, which may be in place https://coronavirus.nt.gov.au/travel/interstate-arrivals • https://www.interstatequarantine.org.au/state-and-territory-border-closures/ • AirNorth schedule - https://www.airnorth.com.au/flying-with-us/before-you-fly/arrivals- and-departures • https://www.cairnsairport.com.au/travelling/airport-guide/covid19/ . -
Monana the OFFICIAL PUBLICATION of the AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION INC June 2017 “Forecasting the November 2015 Pinery Fires”
Monana THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION INC June 2017 “Forecasting the November 2015 Pinery Fires”. Matt Collopy, Supervising Meteorologist, SA Forecasting Centre, BOM. At the AMETA April 2017 meeting, Supervising Meteorologist of the Bureau of Meteorology South Australian Forecasting Centre, gave a fascinating talk on forecasting the conditions of the November 2015 Pinery fires, which burnt 85,000ha 80 km north of Adelaide. The fire started during the morning of Wednesday 25th November 2015 ahead of a cold frontal system. Winds from the north reached 45-65km/h and temperatures reached the high 30’s, ahead of the change, with the west to southwest wind change reaching the area at around 2:30pm. Matt’s talk highlighted the power of radar imagery in improving the understanding of the behaviour of the fire. The 10 minute radar scans were able to show ash, and ember particles being lofted into the atmosphere, and help identify where the fire would be spreading. The radar also gave insight into the timing of the wind change- vital information as the wind change greatly extends the fire front. Buckland Park radar image from 2:30pm (0400 UTC) on 25/11/2015 showing fine scale features of the Pi- nery fire, and lofted ember particles. 1 Prediction of fire behaviour has vastly improved, with Matt showing real-time predictions of fire behaviour overlain with resulting fire behaviour on the day. This uses a model called Phoenix, into which weather model predicted conditions, and vegetation information are fed to provide a model of expected fire behaviour. -
Supervising Scientist Annual Report 2005-2006
SUPERVISING SCIENTIST Annual Report 2005–2006 © Commonwealth of Australia 2006 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Supervising Scientist. This report should be cited as follows: Supervising Scientist 2006. Annual Report 2005–2006. Supervising Scientist, Darwin. ISSN 0 158-4030 ISBN-13: 978-0-642-24398-0 ISBN-10: 0-642-24398-0 The Supervising Scientist is part of the environmental programme of the Australian Government Department of the Environment and Heritage. Contact The contact officer for queries relating to this report is: Ann Webb Supervising Scientist Division Department of the Environment and Heritage Postal: GPO Box 461, Darwin NT 0801 Australia Street: DEH Building, Pederson Road/Fenton Court, Marrara NT 0812 Australia Telephone 61 8 8920 1100 Facsimile 61 8 8920 1199 E-mail [email protected] Supervising Scientist homepage address is www.deh.gov.au/ssd Annual Report address: www.deh.gov.au/about/publications/annual-report/ss05- 06/index.html For more information about Supervising Scientist publications contact: Publications Inquiries Supervising Scientist Division Department of the Environment and Heritage GPO Box 461, Darwin NT 0801 Australia Telephone 61 8 8920 1100 Facsimile 61 8 8920 1199 E-mail [email protected] Design and layout: Supervising Scientist Division Cover design: Carolyn Brooks, Canberra Printed in Canberra by Union Offset on Australian paper from sustainable plantation timber. Supervising Scientist Hon Greg Hunt MP Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for the Environment and Heritage Parliament House CANBERRA ACT 2600 16 October 2006 Dear Parliamentary Secretary In accordance with subsection 36(1) of the Environment Protection (Alligator Rivers Region) Act 1978 (the Act), I submit to you the twenty-eighth Annual Report of the Supervising Scientist on the operation of the Act during the period of 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2006. -
The Transition of the Blaney-Criddle Formula to the Penman-Monteith Equation in the Western United States
THE TRANSITION OF THE BLANEY-CRIDDLE FORMULA TO THE PENMAN-MONTEITH EQUATION IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES Theodore W. Sammis Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State University Junming Wang Department of Agricultural Sciences Tennessee State University David R. Miller Department of Natural Resources and Environment University of Connecticut 2011 Journal of Service Climatology Volume 5, Number 1, Pages 1-11 A Refereed Journal of the American Association of State Climatologists The Transition of the Blaney-Criddle Formula to the Penman-Monteith Equation in the Western United States Theodore W. Sammis Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State University Junming Wang Department of Agricultural Sciences Tennessee State University David R. Miller Department of Natural Resources and Environment University of Connecticut Corresponding Author: Theodore W. Sammis, MSC 3Q, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA. Tel. 575-646-2104, [email protected]. Abstract This paper reviews the history of calculating “consumptive water use,” later termed evapotranspiration (Et), for plants in the western U.S. The Blaney-Criddle formula for monthly and seasonal consumptive water use was first developed for New Mexico in 1942 for limited crops. The formula was based on the input of monthly mean air temperature and an empirical monthly/seasonal coefficient. Subsequent changes improved the Blaney-Criddle formula by adding more weather and crop variables. The availability of data from automated weather stations, after about 1980, that measure more weather input variables has allowed the empirical Blaney-Criddle formula to be replaced by the mechanistic standardized Penman-Monteith equation with an appropriate crop coefficient to calculate Et. -
Asce Standardized Reference Evapotranspiration Equation
THE ASCE STANDARDIZED REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION EQUATION Task Committee on Standardization of Reference Evapotranspiration Environmental and Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers January, 2005 Final Report ASCE Standardized Reference Evapotranspiration Equation Page i THE ASCE STANDARDIZED REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION EQUATION PREPARED BY Task Committee on Standardization of Reference Evapotranspiration of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute TASK COMMITTEE MEMBERS Ivan A. Walter (chair), Richard G. Allen (vice-chair), Ronald Elliott, Daniel Itenfisu, Paul Brown, Marvin E. Jensen, Brent Mecham, Terry A. Howell, Richard Snyder, Simon Eching, Thomas Spofford, Mary Hattendorf, Derrell Martin, Richard H. Cuenca, and James L. Wright PRINCIPAL EDITORS Richard G. Allen, Ivan A. Walter, Ronald Elliott, Terry Howell, Daniel Itenfisu, Marvin Jensen ENDORSEMENTS Irrigation Association, 2004 ASCE-EWRI Task Committee Report, January, 2005 ASCE Standardized Reference Evapotranspiration Equation Page ii ABSTRACT This report describes the standardization of calculation of reference evapotranspiration (ET) as recommended by the Task Committee on Standardization of Reference Evapotranspiration of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers. The purpose of the standardized reference ET equation and calculation procedures is to bring commonality to the calculation of reference ET and to provide a standardized basis for determining or transferring crop coefficients for agricultural and landscape use. The basis of the standardized reference ET equation is the ASCE Penman-Monteith (ASCE-PM) method of ASCE Manual 70. For the standardization, the ASCE-PM method is applied for two types of reference surfaces representing clipped grass (a short, smooth crop) and alfalfa (a taller, rougher agricultural crop), and the equation is simplified to a reduced form of the ASCE–PM. -
Dhupuma College Yearbook 1973.Pdf
YEAR BOOK 1973 Some of the walkers gathering at Gave Airport a little after dawn. DHUPUMA WALKATHON The Dhupuma Walkathon - 14 miles from Gove Airport to Wallaby Beach camp - was Dhupuma's first fund raising effort. Eighty-one walkers left the airport a little before 6.30 a.m. under very overcast conditions. The walkers were drenched by rain several times during their long hike, but this helped to keep all relatively cool and fresh. The aim was to cover as many sponsored miles as possible, rather than make a race of it. However, those keen to take line honours ran most of the way and the fourteen miles was covered in the time of 2 hours 18 minutes by Peter Darlison of Nhulunbuy Area School, closely followed by the first Dhupuma student, Rick Bayung, and several others. The slowest walkers took 4 hours and 20 minutes to cover the course, but these were three seven-year-olds, who did well to complete the walk. Only five walkers retired before the finish, and each of these covered more than eight miles. The main fund-raiser was Mr. Des O'Dowd, Gove Li cns Club representative @ $10 per mile plus several other sponsors. The leading fund-raiser from the Dhupuma students was Linda Galaway. The walkathon raised approximately $700 for the Dhupuma Social and Sporting Club Inc. and will be used to purchase recreation materials for the students' recreation rooms and dormitories. The only real damper on the day was the washout of the barbecue at Drimmie Head for walkers and their friends after the event. -
MINUTES AAA Northern Territory Division Annual General Meeting
MINUTES AAA Northern Territory Division Annual General Meeting 21 November 2016 Held as part of the 2016 AAA National Conference, Canberra Convention Centre Chair: Tom Ganley Members: Tom Ganley, Darwin International Airport (AAA NT CHAIR); Les Mitchell, Nhulunbuy Corporation – Gove Airport (AAA NT DEPUTY CHAIR); Dave Batic and Davy Maddick‐Semal, Alice Springs and Tennant Creek Airports. The meeting opened at 1500 AEDT on 21 May 2016. PROCEDURAL MATTERS 1.1 Quorum Members NOTED that a Quorum was present at the meeting. 1.2 Adoption of Agenda Members unanimously RESOLVED to adopt the agenda provided. APOLOGIES 2.1 Members NOTED the apology of Ian Kew (Darwin Airport). MEMBER DISCLOSURES 3.1 Declaration of Interest / Conflicts of Interest Members NOTED that there were no additional conflicts declared. PREVIOUS MINUTES 4.1 12 May 2016 Meeting Members NOTED minutes of previous meeting conducted 12 May 2016. MATTERS FOR DISCUSSION 5.1 Airport Reporting Officer Resource Members discussed the concept of utilizing existing Airport Reporting Officers (ARO’s) from Alice Springs Airport to cover periods of leave and works at Gove, Ayers Rock and other Territory Airports. Members AGREED to explore this concept further as ARO retention is an issue and this may be a way of providing broader experience and encouraging retention and rotation at remote airports. 1 5.2 Regional Airport Masterplan Members NOTED that the AAA has a regional airport masterplan template. Members suggested this may be a suitable template for which many remote airports across the Territory could benefit. GENERAL BUSINESS 6.1 There were no items of General Business. -
Ref ET Manual
REF-ET: REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION CALCULATION SOFTWARE for FAO and ASCE Standardized Equations Version 2.0 for Windows for Windows 95, 98 and NT Copyright 1999, 2000 University of Idaho and Dr. Richard G. Allen TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................. iv Reference Evapotranspiration Calculator ............................................................................................1 Reference ET Methods Calculated by REF-ET for Windows Version 2..............................................2 Computation Time Steps .....................................................................................................................2 REF-ET Installation and Computer System Requirements .................................................................3 Creating a Shortcut and Screen Icon for REF-ET ...............................................................................6 Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................................6 Distribution and Support Limitations ....................................................................................................6 Example Data Files..............................................................................................................................7 -
Safetaxi Australia Coverage List - Cycle 21S5
SafeTaxi Australia Coverage List - Cycle 21S5 Australian Capital Territory Identifier Airport Name City Territory YSCB Canberra Airport Canberra ACT Oceanic Territories Identifier Airport Name City Territory YPCC Cocos (Keeling) Islands Intl Airport West Island, Cocos Island AUS YPXM Christmas Island Airport Christmas Island AUS YSNF Norfolk Island Airport Norfolk Island AUS New South Wales Identifier Airport Name City Territory YARM Armidale Airport Armidale NSW YBHI Broken Hill Airport Broken Hill NSW YBKE Bourke Airport Bourke NSW YBNA Ballina / Byron Gateway Airport Ballina NSW YBRW Brewarrina Airport Brewarrina NSW YBTH Bathurst Airport Bathurst NSW YCBA Cobar Airport Cobar NSW YCBB Coonabarabran Airport Coonabarabran NSW YCDO Condobolin Airport Condobolin NSW YCFS Coffs Harbour Airport Coffs Harbour NSW YCNM Coonamble Airport Coonamble NSW YCOM Cooma - Snowy Mountains Airport Cooma NSW YCOR Corowa Airport Corowa NSW YCTM Cootamundra Airport Cootamundra NSW YCWR Cowra Airport Cowra NSW YDLQ Deniliquin Airport Deniliquin NSW YFBS Forbes Airport Forbes NSW YGFN Grafton Airport Grafton NSW YGLB Goulburn Airport Goulburn NSW YGLI Glen Innes Airport Glen Innes NSW YGTH Griffith Airport Griffith NSW YHAY Hay Airport Hay NSW YIVL Inverell Airport Inverell NSW YIVO Ivanhoe Aerodrome Ivanhoe NSW YKMP Kempsey Airport Kempsey NSW YLHI Lord Howe Island Airport Lord Howe Island NSW YLIS Lismore Regional Airport Lismore NSW YLRD Lightning Ridge Airport Lightning Ridge NSW YMAY Albury Airport Albury NSW YMDG Mudgee Airport Mudgee NSW YMER Merimbula