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Birre Walk DL(Fixed)
two storeyed signal box were constructed later. The Birregurra - Forrest line ran from 1891 to 1957. 'The Tiger' motor rail (adorned in yellow and brown stripes) carried Birregurra and its story... passengers, cream cans, mail and parcels to and from Birregurra to Forrest from 1937 to 1952. Birregurra’s 19 Birregurra Butter Factory Bowden’s Point, as Birregurra was first named, developed as a Birregurra butter was a household name back in the 1940's and 1950's. At one stage white settlement in the 1860’s. It soon became known as the factory employed up to five trucks and drivers, producing butter until 1955 when it HERITAGE WALK was bought by Colac Dairying Company and used as a produce store. Birregurra-on-the-Barwon, after the earliest European 20 Birregurra Timber Mill settlement had to move from the Birregurra Creek site because Established by W H Bennett & Sons in 1970 / 71, this was the first automated hardwood sawmill in Western Victoria, employing mill workers, drivers and timber fellers. For 30 of a lack of water. years it was the town's largest employer. The mill closed by 2001, but now creates other timber products. In the early 1900's the nearby Otway Ranges had many on-site timber mills. Logs would be railed through from Forrest to Birregurra Railway Station. Earlier in 1839, the first Victorian Aboriginal mission was set up The Township of Birregurra below Bowden’s Point known as Buntingdale Mission Station. BOW DEN ST 10 Birregurra became a thriving town with its railway being the 11 Barwon River 9 Golf lifeblood of the vast Otways timber industry in the early Course M UR 1900’s. -
State Societyand Governancein Melanesia
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The Australian National University Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies State, Society and Governance in Melanesia StateSociety and in Governance Melanesia DISCUSSION PAPER Discussion Paper 2008/10 COURTS AND COUPS IN FIJI: THE 2008 HIGH COURT JUDGMENT IN QARASE V BAINIMARAMA INTRODUCTION not provided for in the constitution, and that GEORGE ‘exceptional circumstances existed’ because WILLIAMS On 21st October 2008, the State, Society ‘the stability of the State was endangered’. & Governance in Melanesia Program held a The decision effectively legitimised the interim GRAHAM workshop entitled Courts and Coups; Fiji’s government that had emerged in the wake of LEUNG October 2008 High Court Judgment in the Fiji’s December 5 2006 military coup. Qarase v Bainimarama Case. This brought together George Williams, the Anthony In the first of the four papers included ANTHONY J. Mason Professor in the Faculty of Law at here, Professor George Williams, who REGAN the University of New South Wales, Graham served as Counsel in the 2001 Chandrika Leung, the Managing Partner of Howards Prasad case - which ruled the government JON Lawyers in Suva, as well as Anthony Regan that arose after Fiji’s 2000 coup to be illegal FRAENKEL and Jon Fraenkel from the State, Society - discusses the precedents set by that earlier & Governance in Melanesia Program at case, and how these were dealt with by the ANU. The meeting was chaired by Duncan Fiji judges in 2008. In the second paper, Kerr, Australia’s Parliamentary Secretary for Graham Leung, a lawyer who practises in Fiji Pacific Affairs. -
Download Full Report
ACP-EU JOINT PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY BUREAU 17 September 2012 REPORT OF THE FACT-FINDING MISSION OF THE ACP-EU JPA BUREAU TO FIJI 22 TO 24 JULY 2012 Musikari KOMBO, EGH, MP (Kenya), Co-President, Head of Delegation Michèle RIVASI, MEP (Greens/EFA, France), Vice-President and Co-President a.i, Head of Delegation and Lenata‟i Victor Faafoi TAMAPUA (Samoa), Vice-President Benedict Glen NOEL (Grenada), Vice-President Frank ENGEL, MEP (EPP, Luxembourg), Member CR\913035EN.doc AP101.253/BUR EN 1 EN Introduction At its meeting of 27 May 2012, the Bureau of the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly decided to send a fact-find mission to Fiji to assess the progress made by the authorities to return the country to constitutional order and parliamentary democracy. The mission was undertaken from 22 to 24 July 2012 and held extensive and open discussions with Government Representatives and a wide range of political stakeholders, leaders of Political Parties and the two previous Prime Ministers, as well as civil society and non-state actor representatives. Brief historical background to the current Fiji political crisis The current political crisis in Fiji can be traced back to the ethnic make-up of the population, which is divided between indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians (the descendants of indentured labourers brought from India a century ago). At independence, Indo-Fijians were roughly 51% of the population until the mid-2000s, by which time political issues had prompted thousands of Indo-Fijians to leave the country. They currently make up 39% of the population. For 17 years after independence from British rule in 1970, the country was relatively stable until Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka‟s 1987 coup against an Indo-Fijian dominated government. -
Governance of the Great Ocean Road Region Issues Paper
Governance of the Great Ocean Road Region Issues Paper Governance of the GREAT OCEAN ROAD REGION Issues Paper i Dormant Tower Hill Volcano Over Moyjil - Point Ritchie 14 public entities Aboriginal site possibly up to 2/3 80,000 journeys are years old day trips Nearly 170,000 hectares of Crown land Up to 11,000 visitors Over a day to the 12 Apostles 200 shipwrecks 5.4m visitors spent $1.3b 2cm/yr generating the rate at which the cliffs are being eroded Traditional 2 Owner groups From 1846, the 12 Apostles were once known as limestone Traditional lands of “The Sow and Piglets” 7 stacks (out of Eastern Maar (western and the original 9), middle stretches) and the known as the Wadawurrung (eastern end) 12 Apostles B100 The Great Ocean Road 8.1m is the world’s visitors projected largest war Infographic In in the next memorial 2011 decade Added to the National Heritage List Rip Curl Pro at Bells Beach is the world’s longest running 2 surfing competition National Parks 24,000 Number of people in Lorne during the Pier to Pub (up from normal population of 1,000) 9,200 jobs 2 in the year 1983 Ash Wednesday bushfires destroyed Marine National ending June 2017 Parks 42,000 and 729 hectares houses 3 2015 Wye River bushfire destroyed Marine National Sanctuaries and Rare polar dinosaur 2,260 115 fossil sites hectares houses The Great Ocean Road Taskforce proudly acknowledges the Eastern Maar and Wadawurrung people as the traditional custodians of the Great Ocean Road Region1. -
Biodiversity Assessment: Cape Otway Road, Australia
Final Report Biodiversity Assessment: Cape Otway Road, Australia Prepared for COESR Pty Ltd January 2018 Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd MELBOURNE: 292 Mt Alexander Road, Ascot Vale VIC 3032 GEELONG: 230 Latrobe Terrace, Geelong West Vic 3218 BRISBANE: Level 22, 127 Creek Street, Brisbane QLD 4000 ADELAIDE: 22 Greenhill Road, Wayville SA 5034 CANBERRA: PO Box 6067, O’Connor ACT 2602 SYDNEY: Level 5, 616 Harris Street, Ultimo, NSW, 2007 www.ehpartners.com.au | (03) 9377 0100 DOCUMENT CONTROL Assessment Biodiversity Assessment Address Cape Otway Road, Australia Project number 7689 Project Manager Shannon LeBel (Senior Botanist) Report Reviewer Andrew Hill (Director/Principal Ecologist) Other EHP staff Andrew Taylor (Consultant Zoologist) Mapping Monique Elsley (GIS Coordinator) File name 7689_EHP_BA_CORA_Finalv3_31012018 Client COESR Pty Ltd Bioregion Victorian Volcanic Plain and Otway Plain CMA Corangamite Council Surf Coast Shire Report versions Comments Comments updated by Date submitted Draft v1 - 22/09/2017 Incorporation of results from additional field Final investigations; Addressed comments provided by AT/SLB 27/11/2017 Tract and Surf Coast Shire Council. Updated Masterplan; Addressed preliminary Finalv2 SLB 28/01/2018 comments provided by DELWP Minor amendment to FFG Act text and Finalv2 SLB 31/01/2018 Minimisation Statement. Acknowledgements We thank the following people for their contribution to the project: Simon Loader (Tract Consultants) for project information; Daryl Pelchen (Daryl Pelchen Architects) for providing project and site information; The landowners who provided access to the study area; The Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning for access to ecological databases. Copyright © Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd This document is subject to copyright and may only be used for the purposes for which it was commissioned. -
Melanesia in Review: Issues and Events, 2002
Melanesia in Review: Issues and Events, 2002 Reviews of West Papua and Solomon mined, circumvented and ignored by Islands are not included in this issue. the highest in the land including those who were sworn in to uphold it” Fiji (Times, 19 May, 10). During the final The political and economic highlights months of 2002, the Fiji Labour Party in Fiji in 2002 have again brought and some quasi-political civil society into sharp focus a lesson painfully movements like the Citizens Constitu- learned after the 1987 military coups: tional Forum (ccf) questioned why it takes years to recover from the neg- some members of Parliament had been ative ramifications of any national permitted to continue serving in Prime political upheaval. The economic and Minister Qarase’s cabinet despite sociopolitical fallout of the May 2000 videotaped evidence of their close civilian coup in Fiji continued to involvement in the May 2000 civilian impact major events in both the uprising. The extensive video footage politico-legal and economic domains of siege activities at the Veiuto Parlia- of the nation during the year. The mentary Complex emerged during the path to economic recovery and socio- first treason trial of Josefa Nata and political normalcy was generally shaky Timoci Silatolu, which commenced on and fraught with difficulties. The local 26 November and featured deposed tabloids regularly featured major Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry scams within the civil service, exacer- as a key state witness (Post, 27 Nov, bated by gross fiscal mismanagement 2; Times, 29 Nov, 1). Following the by the state and a general lack of 14 November conviction of fifteen political goodwill between the major former Counter Revolutionary War- political parties—the ruling Soqosoqo fare Unit soldiers who had been found Duavata ni Lewenivanua (sdl) and guilty of the November 2000 mutiny the opposition Fiji Labour Party (flp). -
Fire Operations Plan
o! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! o! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! o! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! E E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! o! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! o! ! ! ! ! ! -
Hybrid Constitutional Courts: Foreign Judges on National Constitutional Courts
Hybrid Constitutional Courts: Foreign Judges on National Constitutional Courts ROSALIND DIXON* & VICKI JACKSON** Foreign judges play an important role in deciding constitutional cases in the appellate courts of a range of countries. Comparative constitutional scholars, however, have to date paid limited attention to the phenomenon of “hybrid” constitutional courts staffed by a mix of local and foreign judges. This Article ad- dresses this gap in comparative constitutional schol- arship by providing a general framework for under- standing the potential advantages and disadvantages of hybrid models of constitutional justice, as well as the factors likely to inform the trade-off between these competing factors. Building on prior work by the au- thors on “outsider” models of constitutional interpre- tation, it suggests that the hybrid constitutional mod- el’s attractiveness may depend on answers to the following questions: Why are foreign judges appoint- ed to constitutional courts—for what historical and functional reasons? What degree of local democratic support exists for their appointment? Who are the foreign judges, where are they from, what are their backgrounds, and what personal characteristics of wisdom and prudence do they possess? By what means are they appointed and paid, and how are their terms in office structured? How do the foreign judges approach their adjudicatory role? When do foreign * Professor of Law, UNSW Sydney. ** Thurgood Marshall Professor of Constitutional Law, Harvard Law School. The authors thank Anna Dziedzic, Mark Graber, Bert Huang, David Feldman, Heinz Klug, Andrew Li, Joseph Marko, Sir Anthony Mason, Will Partlett, Iddo Porat, Theunis Roux, Amelia Simpson, Scott Stephenson, Adrienne Stone, Mark Tushnet, and Simon Young for extremely helpful comments on prior versions of the paper, and Libby Bova, Alisha Jarwala, Amelia Loughland, Brigid McManus, Lachlan Peake, Andrew Roberts, and Melissa Vogt for outstanding research assistance. -
The Croaker 2014 08 August
THE croaker Correspondence to: the Editors via email: [email protected] Volume 7 No. 4 August 2014 Editors Deb Campbell & Jane Gorman Telstra is coming to the Marsh: Meeting Wednesday August 20th at 5.00pm—7.00pm ADSL & 4G For Deans Marsh: Deans Marsh and district is embarking on a quest to work with Telstra to help us upgrade all our communica- tions systems so that they do actually communicate. We have already collected a list of 50 interested com- munity members to show we are serious. Now we need to assemble and ask questions and put our case. When I first moved to the Marsh from Lorne, I was told by Customer Service in rather triumphal tones ‘Deans Marsh doesn’t have ADSL and it never will’. But it appears this is not necessarily the case. Our neighbours in Lorne and Birregurra campaigned for ADSL and succeeded: now it is our turn. Deans Marsh is right in the middle of one of Victoria’s most fire-prone areas. We have increasing numbers of visitors travelling through whose phones and sat navs do not work here. We also have residents whose mo- biles do not work in their own homes, let alone anywhere outside. We also have expensive and inadequate internet. We are hoping to work with Telstra to make real changes; the first step is a demonstration of support from us all. Anyone who is around 5kms from the Deans Marsh exchange should be able to get ADSL, and a 4G tower would help everyone, including visitors and travellers. -
State Society and Governance in Melanesia
THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies State, Society and Governance in Melanesia State Society and in Governance Melanesia DISCUSSION PAPER Discussion Paper 2007/2 ‘THIS PROCESS OF POLITICAL READJUSTMENT’: AFTERMATH OF THE 2006 FIJI COUP1 Democracy remains an article of faith our constitutional democracy are unable to BRIJ V. LAL - always. That is, it stands by the faith make these decisions to save our people from citizens have in themselves to arrive destruction,’ Commodore Josaia Voreqe (Frank) at proper decisions affecting their Bainimarama told Fiji at 6pm on 5 December common future, and the faith they have 2006. The military, which had ‘observed the in each other respecting that faith and concern and anguish of the deteriorating state its processes and outcomes. This renders of our beloved Fiji,’ had, therefore, ‘taken democracy precarious because anyone over the government as executive authority at any time with sufficient resources can in the running of the country.’ Those fateful knock it over and down. All it takes is words brought to a close the long running ‘bad faith.’ That is, anyone can destroy saga of escalating tension and mounting war democracy by simply losing faith in what of words between Laisenia Qarase’s Soqosoqo it is by its very nature. Duavata ni Lewenivanua (SDL) government - Fiji Daily Post (editorial), 21 and the Republic of Fiji Military Forces.2 The April 2007 following day, President Ratu Josefa Iloilo met Commodore Bainimarama. After confused vacillation and shortly before being sidelined, However much I may sympathize with the President signed a military order dissolving and admire worthy motives, I am an parliament and inaugurating a military uncompromising opponent of violent administration. -
Great Ocean Road Action Plan
B100 GREAT OCEAN ROAD ACTION PLAN Protecting our iconic coast and parks Dormant Tower Hill Volcano 30 responsible organisations 8.6m visitors a year 2/3 within ten years journeys are day trips Nearly 170,000 hectares of Crown land Up to 12,000 visitors Over a day to the 12 Apostles 200 shipwrecks 5.8m visitors spent $1.3b 2cm/yr generating the rate at which the cliffs are being eroded From 1846, the 12 Apostles were once known as limestone “The Sow and Piglets” 7 stacks (out of the original 9), known as the 12 Apostles Great Ocean Road Action Plan Eastern Maar and B100 The Great Wadawurrung Ocean Road People have known is the world’s and cared for this largest war CountryInfographic for at least In 2011 memorial 35,000 Added to the years National Heritage List Rip Curl Pro at Bells Beach is the world’s longest running 2 surfing competition National Parks 24,000 Number of people in Lorne during the Pier to Pub (up from normal population of 1,100) 11,200 jobs 2 in the region in 1983 Ash Wednesday bushfires destroyed Marine National the year ending June 2017 Parks 42,000 and 729 hectares houses 3 2015 Wye River bushfire destroyed Marine National Sanctuaries and Rare polar dinosaur 2,260 115 fossil sites hectares houses Protecting our iconic coast and parks Purpose Acknowledgement This Action Plan is the Victorian Government’s response to the Great Ocean Road Taskforce Co-Chairs The Victorian Government proudly acknowledges the Report recommended reforms to Eastern Maar and Wadawurrung People as the traditional management arrangements of the custodians of the Great Ocean Road region. -
Selected Human Rights Documents
Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law 1: 86-203, 2004. © 2004 Koninklijke Brill NV. Printed in the Netherlands SELECTED HUMAN RIGHTS DOCUMENTS Reference on the Rule of Law in Combating Terrorism Final Report May 2004 Report of the Advisory Council of Jurists of the Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions [The full text of the report can be found at http://www.asiapacificforum.net/jurists/jurists_reference.html] TERMS OF REFERENCE The Seventh Annual Meeting of the Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions, held in New Delhi in November 2002, formulated a reference to the Advisory Council of Jurists1 on the issue of the primacy of the rule of law in countering terrorism world-wide while protecting human rights. The terms of reference adopted by Forum members were: i. how international human rights instruments and standards define ‘terrorism’, particularly with reference to other rights including the right to freedom of association and freedom of expression; ii. the reasons for which a person can be deprived of their liberty under international law; iii. the length of time for which a person can be detained without being charged with an offence under international law; 1 The Advisory Council of Jurists’ met from 16-18 February 2004 in Nepal to consider this reference. The President of the Advisory Council is Mr Daman Nath Dhungana (Nepal), and the members are: Professor Gillian Triggs (Australia), Justice Anthony Gates (Fiji), Mr Fali S Nariman (India), Professor Jacob Sahetapy (Indonesia), Dato’ Mahadev Shankar (Malaysia), Mr Jugnee Amarsanaa (Mongolia), Hon Justice Susan Glazebrook (New Zealand), the Hon, Mr Sedfrey Ordoñez (Philippines), Professor Kyong-Whan Ahn (Republic of Korea), Mr Rajendra Goonesekere (Sri Lanka) and Professor Vitit Muntarbhorn (Thailand).