Everyone Counts March 2018 Issue

Everyone Counts March 2018 issue

www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. © International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Geneva, 2018

Any part of this publication may be cited, copied, translated into other languages or adapted to meet local needs without prior permission from the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, provided that the source is clearly stated. P.O. Box 303 CH-1211 Geneva 19 Requests for commercial reproduction should be directed to the Switzerland IFRC Secretariat at [email protected] Telephone: +41 22 730 4222 All photos used in this study Telefax: +41 22 733 0395 are copyright of the IFRC E-mail: [email protected] unless otherwise indicated. Web site: www.ifrc.org Everyone Counts March 2018 issue

www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. 2 Contents

1. About the FDRS 9 3. The number of people volunteering 25 7. Breaking down the data by sex, age ↦ Where in the world did people ↦ Has the number of volunteers and other factors – what does it tell us? 55 ↦ ↦ receive help from National Societies in 2016? 10 dropped since 2012? 27 ↦ Why break down the data? 56 ↦ ↦ The previous two FDRS reports 11 ↦ Is the drop in National Society ↦ Women and men: same or different? 57 ↦ ↦ ↦ ↦ What the FDRS does 11 volunteer numbers due to a global ↦ Old and young: same or different? 58 ↦ ↦ ↦ The FDRS team wants to hear from you 12 decline in volunteering? 29 ↦ People reached by National ↦ ↦ ↦ How to work with the FDRS data 12 ↦ Spontaneous volunteers and Societies: direct and indirect contact 59 ↦ ↦ The web application: overview 12 unaffiliated volunteers: Do we have ↦ Breaking down the data in other ways 59 ↦ The web application: National Profiles 13 to keep changing our indicators to ↦ Limitations and things to consider keep up with changing trends? 31 ↦ when using and interpreting FDRS data 14 8. How should the FDRS change in the future? 60 ↦ How to download and use the data 14 ↦ 4. Different countries, different National Societies 34 9. Acknowledgements 63 2. National Society achievements in ↦ Using “per million” indicators as ↦ 2016 and over the past five years, an alternative way to understand through the lens of the FDRS 15 National Society coverage 35 10. Data Sources and References 65 ↦ The main indicators in the FDRS 16 ↦ Connections between the “per ↦ Data Sources 66 ↦ ↦ ↦ ↦ National Society achievements for million” indicators 37 ↦ References 66 ↦ ↦ 2016 in summary, Region by Region 17 ↦ National Society “per million” ↦ ↦ National Society achievements since 2012 18 indicators: how are they affected by ↦ ↦ Additional data on numbers of Human Development Index and population? 38 ↦ people reached according to type of programme or service 18 ↦ Additional data on sources of 5. Predicting the number of National ↦ National Society income 19 Society volunteers after a disaster 43 ↦ How complete is the data? 22 ↦ How complete is the data overall? 22 How complete is the 6. Maps: The extraordinary National disaggregated data for women and men? 22 Society support network 47 How complete is the ↦ FDRS network maps 48 ↦ disaggregated data for different age groups? 23

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 3 List of figures

↦ Figure 1: National Societies that reach out to between them and socio-demographic programmes (per million of population) ↦ people in their country via disaster indicators 37 between National Societies in the four response and early recovery ↦ Figure 11: How the National Societies are quadrants: low versus high HDI and ↦ programmes, long-term services and allocated to four quadrants according low versus high population 42 development programmes, or both 10 to low versus high HDI and low versus ↦ Figure 18: Differences in median number of ↦ ↦ Figure 2: Screenshot of the FDRS web high population 39 staff (per million of population) ↦ application showing a National Society ↦ Figure 12: Differences in median number of blood between National Societies in the four ↦ profile 13 donors (per million of population) quadrants: low versus high HDI and ↦ Figure 3: Screenshot of the FDRS web between National Societies in the four low versus high population 42 ↦ application showing a map of people quadrants: low versus high HDI and ↦ Figure 19: Differences in median number of ↦ volunteering their time 13 low versus high population 40 volunteers (per million of population) ↦ Figure 4: Map showing largest source of income ↦ Figure 13: Differences in median number of between National Societies in the four ↦ ↦ for each National Society (2016) 21 people trained in first aid (per million of quadrants: low versus high HDI and ↦ Figure 5: Numbers of people volunteering in population) between National Societies low versus high population 42 ↦ different National Societies around the in the four quadrants: low versus high ↦ Figure 20: The impact of severe floods in ↦ world (2016) 26 HDI and low versus high population 40 Argentina in 2013 on volunteer ↦ Figure 6: Change in total National Society ↦ Figure 14: Differences in median number of numbers, and on numbers of people ↦ ↦ volunteer numbers since 2012: more local units (per million of population) reached. Numbers are per million of accurate figures excluding National between National Societies in the four population 45 Societies which had changed their quadrants: low versus high HDI and ↦ Figure 21: The impact of the Ebola epidemic in ↦ reporting system (red line) compared to low versus high population 41 Sierra Leone in 2014 on volunteer original figures (grey line) 27 ↦ Figure 15: Differences in median National Society numbers, and on numbers of people ↦ ↦ Figure 7: Change in volunteer numbers since income (per million of population) reached. Numbers are per million of ↦ 2012, comparing volunteers for between National Societies in the four population 45 National Societies with volunteers for quadrants: low versus high HDI and ↦ Figure 22: The disaster timeline. How volunteer ↦ all organisations according to the World low versus high population 41 numbers increase in the year of a Giving Index, excluding countries in ↦ Figure 16: Differences in median number of disaster and in the subsequent years 46 ↦ which the National Society changed people reached in disaster response ↦ Figure 23: An example of the kind of interactive ↦ their reporting to FDRS 29 and early recovery programmes (per map provided at the FDRS web application 48 ↦ Figure 8: Change in median numbers of million of population) between National ↦ Figure 24: Support links in 2016 between National ↦ ↦ volunteers per National Society since 2012 30 Societies in the four quadrants: low Societies 49 ↦ Figure 9: Number of National Society volunteers versus high HDI and low versus high ↦ Figure 25: Support links between National ↦ ↦ per million of population, by Region* 36 population 41 Societies within Regions 50 ↦ Figure 10: Connections between key “per million” ↦ Figure 17: Differences in median number of ↦ ↦ indicators for National Societies, and people reached in long-term service

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 4 List of tables List of boxes

↦ Table 1: 2016 total results for the main indicators in the FDRS, by Region 17 ↦ Supporting National Societies with data collection 12 ↦ ↦ ↦ Table 2: National Societies’ achievements since 2012 18 ↦ What’s it like working in the FDRS team? 12 ↦ ↦ ↦ Table 3: People reached directly in 2016, according to type of programme ↦ The main indicators in the FDRS 16 ↦ ↦ or service 19 ↦ New indicator on people trained in first aid 16 ↦ ↦ Table 4: Percentage of the different sources of income in each National ↦ Behind the numbers: Turkish Red Crescent Society support for refugees 20 ↦ ↦ Society, averaged across Regions (2016) 19 ↦ Data disaggregation: monitoring the Fundamental Principles 24 ↦ ↦ Table 5: Numbers of National Societies supplying all main indicators to ↦ Indian Red Cross Society: From estimates to better data on volunteering 28 ↦ ↦ the FDRS, by Region, with percentages 22 ↦ Bangladesh Red Crescent Society: Inclusion of youth volunteers 28 ↦ ↦ Table 6: National Societies contributing at least one sex-disaggregated ↦ Spontaneous volunteers in Mexico 31 ↦ ↦ main indicator to the FDRS in 2016, with percentages of National ↦ Spontaneous volunteers in Fiji 32 ↦ Societies in each Region 23 ↦ Volunteer numbers grow in response to a major flood in Argentina 44 ↦ ↦ Table 7: National Societies contributing at least one sex-disaggregated ↦ Cooperation between National Societies responding to the crisis in Syria 51 ↦ ↦ main indicator to the FDRS since 2012 23 ↦ Vietnam: making sure that elderly and disabled people are included 56 ↦ ↦ Table 8: National Societies contributing at least one age‑disaggregated ↦ Ecuadorian Red Cross: The tools to improve data quality already exist 61 ↦ ↦ main indicator to the FDRS in 2016, with percentages of National ↦ Leaving no one behind: IFRC’s 2018 World Disasters Report 62 ↦ Societies in each Region 24 ↦ Table 9: List of support links between National Societies 52 ↦ ↦ Table 10: National Societies achievements in 2016, per cent of women 57 ↦ ↦ Table 11: National Societies achievements in 2016, disaggregated by age 58 ↦

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 5 Abbreviations

CHF Swiss francs DREF Disaster Relief Emergency Fund FDRS Federation-wide Databank and Reporting System HDI Human Development Index ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies ODK Open Data Kit SDGs Sustainable Development Goals VCA Vulnerability Capacity Assessment WGI World Giving Index

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 6

In the picture, migrants hosted in the “Teobaldo Fenoglio” centre where the Italian Red Cross provides them food, shelter, clothing, health care, first aid and psychosocial support.

11/08/2016 – Settimo Torinese (Turin, Italy) © Emiliano Albensi/ Italian Red Cross

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 7

Turning data into action

“Let my dataset change your mindset” our extraordinary and unrelenting network of By providing analyses that inform our actions, this Hans Rosling, Global health expert and data visionary volunteers, the diversity and uniqueness of the report is a step forward in improving data respon- contexts within which we operate, as well as the sibility. As the IFRC is a large player among data- It is with great pleasure that the IFRC presents outstanding cooperation and support across our ready humanitarian organizations, our obligation this new edition of Everyone Counts which exam- Movement. towards accountability urges us to provide open, ines key data from 190 National Red Cross and transparent, and accurate data for our operations Red Crescent Societies. Since 2012, we have been The broad picture presented in the report is prom- and activities. Moving forward, we will continue collectively committed to increasing transparency ising. In 2016, National Societies’ health services to improve the quality of our data to better illus- and accountability towards our communities. reached directly and indirectly 189 million people, trate the impact of our work and so that we can Reporting and publishing National Societies’ key while water, sanitation, and hygiene promotion provide increased assistance to the most vulner- indicators and key documents to the Federation- activities reached 20 million people, and disas- able and hardest to reach communities, includ- wide databank and reporting system on a yearly ter risk reduction programmes reached 44 mil- ing those left behind. And we will make sure that basis is one example of such commitment. This lion people. this focus on data responsibility feeds into IFRC’s strong pledge from all our members has made it Strategy 2030. possible to build a comprehensive dataset. The analyses provided in this report are just the beginning of what is possible with this rich data Elhadj As Sy, This report is an attempt to further explain some set. We hope they inspire readers to discuss the Secretary General of the key numbers and trends experienced by findings and the policy implications, and to dig our membership. Focused analyses were con- further into the data with their own in-depth ducted on several substantial themes such as analyses.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 8

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 ABOUT THE FDRS 9 1. About the FDRS In this introductory chapter, we introduce the Federation-wide Databank and Reporting System (FDRS). We look at what kinds of data are included and how to access and analyse it, report some recent successes and problems, and show how it can be used to answer some interesting questions about National Societies in a global perspective.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 10 ABOUT THE FDRS

Figure 1: National Societies that reach out to people in their country via disaster response and early Where in the world recovery programmes, long-term services and development programmes, or both 1 did people receive help from National Societies in 2016?

That kind of question can be answered using the FDRS – The Federation-wide Databank and Reporting System. The FDRS collects data from National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (National Societies) across the world about what they are doing and with what resources. National Societies have been contributing data to the FDRS since 2012. Even in the very first year, all except two National Societies (187 of IFRC’s 189 member Societies in 2012) contributed at least some data; by 2013, all National Societies were already contributing at least some data. The coverage and quality of the data has been improving every year since then.

 5 years

Five years after its launch in 2012, the FDRS is firmly established as a unique database on humanitarian capacity and response worldwide. Disaster response Disaster response and long-term services Long-term services No data

1 The boundaries and the designations used on this map and all other maps in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and are used for illustrative purposes only.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 ABOUT THE FDRS 11

The FDRS data tells us that in 2016, of the 142 National Societies for which data is available, 116 reached people in their country with disaster response and early recovery pro- What the FDRS does grammes and 118 reached people with long-term services and development programmes; 92 National Societies did both. All National Societies that provided data are providing • Provides National Societies, IFRC staff, partners, researchers and other stakeholders some kind of service to their populations. Forty-eight National Societies were not able to with immediate and engaging access to data about National Societies worldwide. provide this data – but most of these are certainly providing services too. So in most, if • Allows better understanding of the true scale and scope of not all, of the countries in the world, National Societies were supporting people with Red Cross and Red Crescent humanitarian assistance. at least some humanitarian services. The grey gaps on the map illustrate the need to • Promotes greater awareness of the capacities, services, and potential of have the most comprehensive data possible in the FDRS to be able to best capture and National Societies, to boost their self-development and external profile. present National Society performance and successes. • Facilitates monitoring and reporting of National Society performance in a consistent, transparent and accountable manner. The FDRS can help answer many other questions too. Here are some that are addressed in this report. • What did National Societies achieve in 2016? (page 15) ⚙ • How many National Society volunteers are there? Is this number growing or shrinking? (page 27) • What factors such as the size or development of a country best explain the The FDRS benefits National Societies, nationally and globally, by improving differences between National Societies on the main indicators? (page 38) transparency and accountability, visibility, understanding and awareness. • Is there such a thing as a typical disaster timeline? If a major disaster hits a country, how do the numbers of volunteers change in the following years? (page 43) Annual reporting by all National Societies is a constitutional requirement and the FDRS has designed this around a small set of main indicators guided by IFRC’s Strategy 2020. The previous two FDRS reports FDRS indicators are smart and they are actually guiding us to collect and report programme-related data on a regular basis. They are also included This is the third report on the FDRS. The first two can be found here: “ in our standard reporting template and help us in collecting gender disaggregated data for better planning. Everyone Counts – Key data from 189 National Everyone Counts – Progress 2015 Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies – a baseline Javed Ahmed, National PMER Manager for Pakistan Red Crescent Society – November 2014 • Download the report in English ” • Download the report in French • Download the report in English • Download the report in Spanish • Download the report in French • Download the report in Arabic Iraqi Red Crescent Society finds the FDRS as a useful tool to • Download the report in Spanish communicate to the Red Cross Movement the various services that the • Download the report in Arabic “ National Society as been providing in Iraq since 2012 Husam Sabri, Head of International Relations Department for Iraqi Red Crescent Society ”

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 12 ABOUT THE FDRS

Supporting National Societies with data collection The FDRS team wants to hear from you

ollecting data which is disaggregated e.g. by sex, can be very complicated. Many National Societies asked for help. The IFRC’s Technical Note on Counting People The FDRS team consists of three full-time staff members in IFRC Headquarters and C Reached (2017) responds to this kind of problem, helping volunteers and staff Regional Offices, as well as a number of data analysts who cover IFRC’s five Regions. to improve the way they capture and report disaggregated data. This Note was piloted in two phases in 2017 in Asia Pacific region (including Philippine Red Cross, Bangla- They are keen to hear from you… desh Red Crescent, Australian Red Cross, Nepal Red Cross, Myanmar Red Cross and Singapore Red Cross). Specific challenges were identified such as harmonising paper- • with suggestions and ideas for the next FDRS report based forms across many branches. The Technical Note is being shared more broadly • to ask more questions about National Society capacity and response to achieve better quality data capturing and reporting in the National Societies. • for help with analysing data.

The team are also happy to provide on request the original data files and statistical code What’s it like working in the FDRS team? files which produced all the tables, graphs and analyses.

n FDRS team member says: “Keeping in touch with 190 different National Soci- Contact the FDRS team at [email protected] with requests and ideas. eties, helping them report annual data for a wide range of indicators, covering A their resources, capacities, and reach, is even harder than you might think. The biggest challenge (and headache) was developing a standard list of indicators that includes clear guidance and definitions. We want National Societies to be able to accu- How to work with the FDRS data rately illustrate the work and services they provide. But there are 190 of them – different, independent organisations operating in a wide variety of contexts. Even when it comes to some of the most straight-forward indicators, such as ‘number of local The easiest way to find out more about National Societies worldwide or in a particular units’, we hit quite a few questions. National Societies have different organisational country is to use the FDRS web application. structures and operate differently within their national borders. Some National Soci- eties have branches, others have chapters, or districts. To accommodate this variety, THE WEB APPLICATION: OVERVIEW the FDRS team has decided to use a neutral term: ‘local unit’. That’s just one example. Imagine what happens when we tried to agree on how to count the number of The web application (data.ifrc.org/fdrs) was launched in February 2017. Users can vis- ‘people reached’!” ualize the data using maps and tables. So far, more than 8,000 users from almost every country in the world have used the FDRS website 2. “Then, when we’ve received the first datasets from the National Societies, we must make sure the data is as accurate as possible, so we have to do data cleaning, trian- gulation, and analysis. This usually means we are constantly in touch with National Societies, as well as different technical and regional colleagues. I don’t know if they ever get bored with our endless questions – mostly I think they want to help to get the best and most accurate data possible.”

2 Data from 31 January 2018; users came from nearly every country in the world (193 countries)

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 ABOUT THE FDRS 13

Figure 2: Screenshot of the FDRS web application showing a National Society profile THE WEB APPLICATION: NATIONAL PROFILES

The FDRS web application also shows data for each individual National Society. Users can go directly to data.ifrc. org/fdrs/societies.

 data.ifrc.org/fdrs

The FDRS web application provides maps and tables for the most important National Society indicators and shows profiles for each National Society.

Figure 3: Screenshot of the FDRS web application showing a map of people volunteering their time

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 14 ABOUT THE FDRS

corresponding planning and reporting cycles of the useful in helping to understand and use the FDRS data, for Limitations and things to National Societies. This means data for one year are example Population and Human Development Index (HDI) usually published in the FDRS a year or more later. are used in this report on page 38. consider when using and 4. Reporting bias: The data submitted through the The column headings in the spreadsheet are quite short interpreting FDRS data FDRS is self-reported information by each National and may be hard to understand, so a codebook is also pro- Society, which is the owner and gatekeeper, and is vided, which explains what they mean in more detail. responsible for accuracy and updating. The FDRS FDRS is ambitious and wide-reaching. Data quality is team tries to triangulate the data provided by the For those wanting to investigate the data and look at dif- improving all the time, but there will always be some prob- National Societies with previous data and other ferences between countries, the FDRS team has some sug- lems and things to bear in mind when using and interpret- data in the public domain, but still it is always gestions to make: ing the data. Here are some key points. possible that a National Society might try to provide data which presents itself in a better light. • Consider medians as well as means, and look at 1. Missing data: Data is not available for some numbers per million of population as well as raw indicators for some National Societies in some 5. Knowing the data: Context is important. numbers. This helps ensure that all countries and years. The National Societies that did provide Although the numbers in the FDRS are now quite National Societies are treated on an equal footing. data may not be typical for all National Societies reliable, it is still important to think carefully • Consider including the most important external and so analyses and summaries of this data about the context of the specific National variables such as number of disasters experienced may not be valid for all National Societies. Society and the meaning of the indicators in in a country, Human Development Index, Gross This is particularly an issue with sex and age each context before interpreting the data. Domestic Product (especially in the Purchasing disaggregated data, which can be a challenge Power Parity variant) and population size (even to collect, so the number of National Societies when looking at data which is already expressed which do not provide them can be quite large. per million of population). The FDRS team has How to download found these variables to be particularly good 2. Standardisation and regularity of reporting: Every at explaining differences between the main National Society has its own ways of recording and use the data indicators for different National Societies. data, which also may change over time. It is a big achievement of the FDRS to provide a set of definitions of key data which are clear and not At data.ifrc.org/fdrs/data-download, users can download too difficult to use. But it has taken some years the complete FDRS dataset for free and without needing to for National Societies to gradually adopt the FDRS register. It is provided as a CSV (Comma-separated values)  Download definitions. When comparing countries or years, there file which can be saved on the user’s computer and opened are still some limitations on the comparability of data in a spreadsheet programme such as Microsoft Excel. Each due to the different methodologies of data collection, column in the spreadsheet represents one indicator, together The complete FDRS data sets are sample sizes, definitions, and frequency of reporting. with identifying columns like Country, Year, etc. So most available for download. They also include National Societies have several rows, one for each year. Other important socio-demographic indicators 3. Time lag: The availability of definitive figures on columns such as Population, which are not officially part for each country, to help National income and expenditure, are constrained by the of the FDRS, have been provided. These additional columns Societies and other interested parties availability of the most recent audited financial have been merged in to the spreadsheet by the FDRS team to investigate the data in more detail. statements. This is due to varying fiscal years, and from other datasets like the World Bank; they can be very

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 NATIONAL SOCIETY ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2016 AND OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS, THROUGH THE LENS OF THE FDRS 15 2. National Society achievements in 2016 and over the past five years, through the lens of the FDRS 2016 is the fifth year of FDRS data collection. In this chapter, as well as presenting the main FDRS indicators and some National Society achievements in 2016, we also look at how things are changing over time.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 16 NATIONAL SOCIETY ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2016 AND OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS, THROUGH THE LENS OF THE FDRS

Some of the key indicators (people reached, volun- • List of other National Societies giving The main indicators teers, staff, people donating blood) are also disag- support to the National Society or gregated in different ways: see page 22, page 23 receiving support from it (page 52). in the FDRS and page 55. • Number of staff deaths on duty. • … as well as some additional financial In 2016, the initial list of indicators was expanded to information like whether the National National Societies send data annually to the FDRS team on a small include one completely new indicator: Society accounts are audited. set of main indicators. Here is the original set:

New indicator on people trained in first aid The FDRS includes a small set The main indicators in the FDRS of main indicators like number of Number of people trained in first aid:people who people volunteering as well as umber of people reached: all direct and indirect recipi- have completed at least one first aid course (at some additional indicators; some ents and people benefiting from Red Cross and Red Cres- any level, either online or face to face) during the of the indicators are also broken N cent services. This is actually two scores: people reached annual reporting period. down further, for example by sex. with disaster response and early recovery programmes, and people reached with long-term services and development programmes Additionally, from 2016, some indicators are disag- Number of people volunteering their time: people who have gregated further: volunteered at least four hours of their time during the reporting period. • Indicators for people (people reached, volunteers, staff, people donating blood) are Number of paid staff: people who work with a National Society now broken down by age group (the age groups for a minimum of three months during the reporting year and are aligned with SPHERE’s core standard 3). are remunerated. • The indicators for people reached are now broken down by type of service/thematic area, Number of people donating blood: people who have donated (disaster risk reduction, shelter, livelihoods, blood at least once during the reporting period. health, water sanitation and hygiene, migration, cash transfer programming, and social inclusion Number of local units: local units are defined as National Soci- and a culture of non-violence and peace). ety subdivisions that work with the community and can include • Total income is now broken down by source of local chapters, branches, regional and intermediate offices, income. and headquarters. Finally, a new category of additional indicators was Total income received: the fiscal value of money, material goods, introduced: and services a National Society receives during a fiscal year. • Whether the National Society has accident Total expenditure: the fiscal value of money, material goods, and insurance coverage for staff and volunteers. services a National Society spends during a fiscal year.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 NATIONAL SOCIETY ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2016 AND OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS, THROUGH THE LENS OF THE FDRS 17

The profile of National Society achievements differs strongly National Society achievements for from Region to Region. For example, in Africa, there are more than 180 volunteers for every staff member; in Europe there are around 7. 2016 in summary, Region by Region

There are some notable differences between the Regions. Africa

• African National Societies have the smallest total numbers of staff. • National Societies in the Americas do not have many local units: they have around 11 staff members for every local unit, whereas in Africa there are more local units than staff. Europe • National Societies in Middle East and North Africa reach more than 14 million people with long-term services, more than in Europe and Central Asia or the Americas. • In Africa and Middle East and North Africa, about 4-8 Swiss francs was spent for every person reached, whereas in Asia Pacific, about 285 Swiss francs was spent. • In Africa, there are more than 180 volunteers for every staff member, whereas in Europe this figure is around 7.

Table 1: 2016 total results for the main indicators in the FDRS, by Region 3

AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA EUROPE AND MIDDLE EAST GRAND PACIFIC CENTRAL ASIA AND NORTH AFRICA TOTAL

Local Units 12,902 3,946 126,284 17,989 4,701 165,822

People Volunteering 1,618,340 523,927 5,615,096 1,640,200 2,251,956 11,649,519

Paid Staff 8,893 43,098 161,062 230,542 29,566 473,161

Blood Donors 303,971 3,125,080 11,648,242 3,902,310 404,986 19,384,589

People Trained in first aid 218,693 3,156,072 5,716,669 2,045,309 211,503 11,348,246

People Reached by Disaster Response and Early Recovery 13,498,219 4,432,732 13,190,986 13,829,830 4,603,041 49,554,808

People Reached by Long Term Services and Programme Development 31,783,969 11,048,723 37,398,662 11,951,965 14,281,302 106,464,621

Total Income (CHF) 230,950,708 3,134,753,279 14,387,284,159 5,466,971,792 180,402,182 23,400,362,119

Total Expenditure (CHF) 188,368,832 3,179,784,337 14,201,151,098 5,356,228,215 164,782,419 23,090,314,900

3 For the numbers of National Societies reporting, see Table 5, page 22.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 18 NATIONAL SOCIETY ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2016 AND OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS, THROUGH THE LENS OF THE FDRS

However, this data is not yet comprehensive so is not shown National Society achievements since 2012 in Table 2.

Some key points from Table 3, page 19: Since the FDRS already includes five years of data, it is possible to look at changes over time. • National Societies make enormous contributions Table 2: National Societies’ achievements since 2012 to people’s health all over the world, with more than 170 million people reached directly, 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 including nearly 100 million people in Africa. • Health really dominates National Society Number Local Units 164,518 159,531 166,306 170,732 165,822 services and programming in Africa People Volunteering 16,501,334 16,028,877 14,542,563 14,216,795 11,649,519 • Disaster risk reduction is a big focus in Europe and Central Asia but is much Paid Staff 431,331 452,631 431,754 445,121 473,161 less of a focus in Asia Pacific. Blood Donors 20,863,417 20,746,474 22,435,799 19,711,524 19,384,589 • Cash transfer programming is already directly reaching more than 2 million people People Reached by Disaster Response and Early Recovery 85,637,438 107,848,792 57,931,563 67,928,784 49,554,808

People Reached by Long Term Services and Programme Development 103,744,008 161,856,454 162,136,294 240,848,989 106,464,621

Total Income (CHF) 32,545,717,017 30,794,786,782 31,415,239,987 29,611,876,470 23,400,362,119

Total Expenditure (CHF) 32,196,192,428 30,394,278,665 31,653,295,058 29,542,773,315 23,090,314,900

One striking change here seems to be a fall in volunteer numbers – but on Figure 7, page 29 we see that the story Additional data on is not so simple. We can also see that the numbers of people reached varies a lot from year to year as funding comes numbers of people and goes, while the infrastructure – staff numbers and numbers of local units – remains more stable. reached according to type of programme or service 58+42A58% Since 2016, additional information is gathered for the exist- More than 170 million people are reached ing indicators on “people reached” which records the dif- globally by National Societies with health Staff numbers have gone up by almost ferent type of programme or service involved (Table 3, services every year; nearly 100 million 10 per cent in the last five years despite a page 19). of them (58 per cent) are in Africa. big drop in income. What does this mean for efficiency? For effectiveness? For National Societies are also asked to provide additional fig- sustainability? ures for the even larger numbers of people reached indirectly.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 NATIONAL SOCIETY ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2016 AND OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS, THROUGH THE LENS OF THE FDRS 19

Table 3: People reached directly in 2016, according to type of programme or service 4

AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA EUROPE AND MIDDLE EAST AND GRAND PACIFIC CENTRAL ASIA NORTH AFRICA TOTAL People Reached by Disaster Risk Reduction Services 6,917,659 40= 1,719,315 10= 2,519,752 15= 12,747,091 74= 4,479,405 26= 28,383,222 166= People Reached by Shelter Services 247,961 1= 141,390 1= 202,553 1= 910,083 5= 1,743,604 10= 3,245,591 19= People Reached by Livelihood Services 1,372,488 8= 139,734 1= 365,268 2= 5,970,213 35= 8,777,079 51= 16,624,782 97= People Reached by Health Services 99,508,201 581= 12,657,945 74= 46,197,795 270= 7,618,567 44= 5,371,825 31= 171,354,333 1,000= People Reached by WASH Services 3,207,358 19= 446,143 3= 2,965,674 17= 2,754,272 16= 1,473,692 9= 10,847,139 63= People Reached by Migration Services 3,526,882 21= 132,124 1= 128,289 1= 1,093,600 6= 85,601 0= 4,966,496 29= People Reached by Cash Transfer Programming Services 510,948 3= 234,079 1= 950,554 6= 228,861 1= 83,869 0= 2,008,311 12= People Reached by Social Inclusion Services 1,069,396 6= 1,066,318 6= 4,246,613 25= 3,713,460 22= 2,439,852 14= 12,535,639 73= Additional data on sources of National Society income

In 2016, National Societies started to report more information about their sources of income.

Table 4: Percentage of the different sources of income in each National Society, averaged across Regions (2016)

AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA EUROPE AND MIDDLE EAST GRAND PACIFIC CENTRAL ASIA AND NORTH TOTAL AFRICA Income from Home Government 7 105= 26.2 393= 13.4 201= 26.8 402= 14.2 213= 17.5 263= Income from Foreign Government 2.6 39= 0.9 14= 0.4 6= 0.8 12= 0 0= 0.9 14= Income from Individuals 1.5 23= 3 45= 9.6 144= 12.8 192= 10.7 161= 7.5 113= Income from Corporations 0.7 11= 6.2 93= 2.5 38= 4.8 72= 1 15= 3 45= Income from Foundations 0.2 3= 0.7 11= 0.2 3= 2.9 44= 20.4 306= 4.9 74= Income from Pooled Funds 0.8 12= 0 0= 0 0= 0.5 8= 4.1 62= 1.1 17= Income from UN Agencies and Other Multilateral Agencies 16.4 246= 2.3 35= 6.7 101= 2.7 41= 1.2 18= 5.8 87= Income from NGOs 2.9 44= 0.5 8= 2.2 33= 0.8 12= 3.3 50= 2 30= Service Income 2.5 38= 20.6 309= 13 195= 9.5 143= 20.5 308= 13.2 198= Income from Generating Activities 7.2 108= 14.8 222= 9.9 149= 11.7 176= 7.2 108= 10.2 153= Other National Societies 33.7 506= 14.5 218= 18.1 272= 9 135= 12.4 186= 17.5 263= Income from IFRC 10.9 164= 4.1 62= 15.4 231= 3.7 56= 1.2 18= 7.1 107= Income from ICRC 11.9 179= 1.6 24= 2.9 44= 5.3 80= 2.8 42= 4.9 74= Income from Other 1.7 26= 4.6 69= 5.7 86= 8.7 131= 1.1 17= 4.3 65=

4 For the numbers of National Societies reporting, see Table 5, page 22.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 20 NATIONAL SOCIETY ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2016 AND OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS, THROUGH THE LENS OF THE FDRS

The Table 4, page 19 shows the percentage of the different sources of income in each National Society, averaged Behind the numbers: Turkish Red Crescent Society across regions. It shows very clearly the different ways support for refugees in which National Societies in different Regions typically finance their activities. ehind every piece of data in the FDRS is at least one story. Let’s look for example at “Peo- • In Middle East and North Africa, funds from B ple reached with long-term services and devel- Foundations are the most popular source of income – opment programmes”. One of the biggest numbers for a source which is almost unknown in other Regions. this indicator comes from the Turkish Red Crescent Soci- • Service income and funding from home government, ety: nearly 4 million refugees within the country were and from individuals, are particularly important reached with different services in 2017 5. in almost all Regions but much less so in Africa. © TRC • Income from other National Societies, ICRC and from One big component of Turkish Red Crescent Society oper- UN agencies is particularly important in Africa ations is partnering with the World Food Programme to • Income from IFRC is important in deliver the Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN), a mul- Africa but even more so in Asia. ti-purpose cash transfer scheme which aims to provide monthly assistance through debit cards (KIZILAYKART) Figure 4, page 21 is one way to show this diversity across to 1.3 million of the most vulnerable refugees in Tur- the globe. For each National Society, only the most impor- key. Those receiving assistance decide for themselves tant of all the various sources of income is shown. how to cover essential needs like rent, bills, food, and medicine and pay for them with the debit card (debit cards are widely used in Turkey even for very small pur- chases). The largest European Union humanitarian aid programme ever, ESSN is part of the 3 billion euro Facil- ity for Refugees in Turkey. KIZILAYKART is also easy to link with other programmes and helps link human- Each National Society is unique in the itarian response with longer-term outcomes such as way it funds its activities; but some patterns promoting sustainable livelihoods. ESSN selects those emerge across Regions. For example, most in need, such as large families, the elderly, single ©IFRC/Turkish Red Crescent Society Gaziantep, Turkey, 2017 funding from home governments is very females, single-headed households, and people with strong in all regions except Africa. disabilities. Cash gives people choice with dignity. It Shik Mohammedi’s family is one of the 600,000 families who escaped to Turkey, now empowers them to manage their families’ priorities with living in the border town Gaziantep. They are holding ìKizilaykartî, a pre-loaded cash a degree of independence and allows them to stretch card provided by the Turkish Red Crescent for asylum seekers and refugees. Each family member eligible for the cash support scheme is receiving a monthly payment of their budgets further. 100 Turkish lira (25 euro) via the card. People can buy whatever they need most with the card – whether it is food, rent, school fees or mobile phone costs.

What more could we learn from looking beyond this data to how sources of income have been changing over the last five years? 5 This newest data for 2017 will be included in the FDRS during 2018.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 NATIONAL SOCIETY ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2016 AND OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS, THROUGH THE LENS OF THE FDRS 21

Figure 4: Map showing largest source of income for each National Society (2016)

Main Sources of Income Corporations Service Income Foundations IFRC Home Government UN and other multilateral agencies ICRC Foreign Government NGOs Other National Societies Individuals Income Generating Activities Others

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 22 NATIONAL SOCIETY ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2016 AND OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS, THROUGH THE LENS OF THE FDRS

How complete is the data?

HOW COMPLETE IS THE DATA OVERALL?

Table 5: Numbers of National Societies supplying all main indicators to the FDRS, by Region, with percentages

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Africa 88+12A 88% 237 = 42 88+12A 88% 237 = 42 100A100% 271 = 48 98+2A 98% 266 = 47 77+23A 77% 209 = 37 Americas 74+26A 74% 147 = 26 80+20A 80% 158 = 28 97+3A 97% 192 = 34 94+6A 94% 186 = 33 63+37A 63% 124 = 22 Asia Pacific 77+23A 77% 153 = 27 86+14A 86% 169 = 30 83+17A 83% 164 = 29 83+17A 83% 169 = 30 83+17A 83% 169 = 30 Europe and Central Asia 72+28A 72% 215 = 38 91+9A 91% 271 = 48 100A100% 299 = 53 94+6A 94% 282 = 50 89+11A 89% 266 = 47 Middle East and North Africa 72+28A 72% 73 = 13 72+28A 72% 73 = 13 72+28A 72% 73 = 13 72+28A 72% 73 = 13 61+39A 61% 62 = 11

Grand Total 77+23A 77% 85+15A 85% 94+6A 94% 91+9A 91% 77+23A 77% 825= 146 910= 161 1,000= 177 977= 173 831= 147

In 2013, all National Societies were already providing data 77 per cent of National Societies provide HOW COMPLETE IS THE DISAGGREGATED for at least one indicator, and 85 per cent provided all main data on all the main FDRS indicators. DATA FOR WOMEN AND MEN? indicators. In 2014 and 2015, this number increased, but it is lower again (77 per cent) in 2016, as National Societies When collecting data about people, it is important to record adjust to the increased data disaggregation requirements whether they are men or women. As the situation of women for FDRS. and men is different in so many ways all over the world, keeping separate figures can not only help highlight ine- qualities but also help understand in more detail the situ- 77% ation of National Societies on the ground. To find this out, National Societies are now asked to provide their data bro- 770+230= ken down into figures for men and women.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 NATIONAL SOCIETY ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2016 AND OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS, THROUGH THE LENS OF THE FDRS 23

Table 6: National Societies contributing at least one sex-disaggregated main indicator to the FDRS in 2016, with In 2016, 80 per cent of National Societies were providing percentages of National Societies in each Region some sex-disaggregated data, which is better than in 2012, but there is still room for improvement. AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA EUROPE AND MIDDLE EAST AND GRAND PACIFIC CENTRAL ASIA NORTH AFRICA TOTAL Some actual National Society results for the main indicators, broken down by sex, are reported in the special section on disaggregation, on page 55.

HOW COMPLETE IS THE DISAGGREGATED 88+12A 66+34A 89+11A 91+9A 39+61A 80+20A DATA FOR DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS? Data disaggregation should be carried out not just by sex 88% 66% 89% 91% 39% 80% but also by age and, as far as possible, for any other factors which could be important for ensuring impartiality and for understanding how National Society services are delivered. 155 = 42 85 = 23 118 = 32 178 = 48 25 = 7 1,000 = 152

From the beginning, National Societies contributed sex-disaggregated data to FDRS. National Societies have worked hard to provide sex-disaggregated data, with the best results so far in Africa, Asia Pacific, and Europe and Central Asia.

Table 7: National Societies contributing at least one sex-disaggregated main indicator to the FDRS since 2012

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

77+23A 77% 78+22A 78% 65+35A 65% 63+37A 63% 80+20A 80% 80+20A80% 725= 145 740= 148 610= 122 600= 120 760= 152 80 per cent of National Societies provide at least some sex-disaggregated data.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 24 NATIONAL SOCIETY ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2016 AND OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS, THROUGH THE LENS OF THE FDRS

Table 8: National Societies contributing at least one age‑disaggregated main indicator to the FDRS in 2016, with Data disaggregation: monitoring percentages of National Societies in each Region the Fundamental Principles AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA PACIFIC EUROPE MIDDLE GRAND he Fundamental Principles are an expression of AND CENTRAL EAST AND TOTAL ASIA NORTH the International Red Cross and Red Crescent AFRICA T Movement’s values and practices, and they guide everyone in the Movement. All programmes and activities need to be aligned with the Fundamental Princi- ples, including Impartiality, which states that National Societies provide humanitarian support without dis- 67+33A 57+43A 53+47A 60+40A 17+83A 56+44A crimination. To ensure that we uphold these principles, our Movement resources, and the numbers of people 67% 57% 53% 60% 17% 56% reached, must be recorded and reported appropriately 320 = 32 200 = 20 190 = 19 320 = 32 30 = 3 1,000 = 106 to ensure there is transparency and accountability to affected people and to demonstrate that we are pro-active in targeting the most vulnerable and not discrimi- Some actual National Society results, broken down by age, are reported on Table 11, page 58. nating or denying services to groups who need humanitarian support. FDRS data disaggregation responds to these demands.

In 2016, National Societies started contributing age‑disaggregated data to FDRS, and already more than half of National Societies have responded.

56+44A56%

2016 was the first year in which National Societies were asked to provide age‑disaggregated data, and already more than half have done so.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE VOLUNTEERING 25

Table 8: National Societies contributing at least one age‑disaggregated main indicator to the FDRS in 2016, with percentages of National Societies in each Region 3. The number of people AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA PACIFIC EUROPE MIDDLE GRAND AND CENTRAL EAST AND TOTAL ASIA NORTH AFRICA volunteering In this chapter, we look at the numbers of 67+33A 57+43A 53+47A 60+40A 17+83A 56+44A National Society volunteers worldwide: is it 67% 57% 53% 60% 17% 56% true that fewer people are volunteering? 320 = 32 200 = 20 190 = 19 320 = 32 30 = 3 1,000 = 106

Some actual National Society results, broken down by age, are reported on Table 11, page 58.

56+44A56%

2016 was the first year in which National Societies were asked to provide age‑disaggregated data, and already more than half have done so.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 26 THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE VOLUNTEERING

Volunteers are incredibly important Figure 5: Numbers of people volunteering in different National Societies around the world (2016) to National Societies. Volunteers allow National Societies to efficiently serve communities from the inside with activities ranging from disaster relief operations to longer term community development services.

National Societies want to know how many volunteers they have and present this number to the public. IFRC presents itself as “the world’s largest humanitarian network”. What numbers back up this statement? How reliable are they?

One of the main FDRS indicators records the number of people volunteering at least four hours with the National Society in the previous 12 months. Of course, many people volunteer much more of their time. As the map shows, there are National Society volunteers all over the globe.

> 50,000 5,000 – 50,000 < 5,000 No Data

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE VOLUNTEERING 27

the way they reported the numbers (red line), compared to Has the number of the original figures. (The grey line shows what the trend used to look like when those National Societies were still volunteers dropped included.) So, while there is still a decrease in the total number of National Society volunteers globally between since 2012? 2012 to 2016, the decrease is smaller than originally feared: around 16 per cent. The fall seems to have stabi- lised after 2014. In the previous chapter, we saw that the total number of National Society volunteers appears to have dropped between 2012 and 2016. In this section, we look more closely Figure 6: Change in total National Society volunteer numbers since 2012: more accurate figures excluding National at these numbers. Societies which had changed their reporting system (red line) compared to original figures (grey line)

Before the FDRS, it was only possible to make estimates of the total number of people volunteering for National 16M Societies. Now, the FDRS is starting to provide hard data. However, in the first years of the FDRS, some National 14M Societies did not yet have accurate figures for the number of volunteers according to the FDRS definition and had to 12M use estimates based on other data instead. In 2016, many National Societies have been able to provide more accu- 10M rate data. Mostly, this means that the revised figures for the numbers of volunteers in these particular National Societies are lower. This might seem like a disappointment 8M but in the medium and longer term it will be much better to have more accurate numbers, nationally and glob- 6M ally. Where lower figures in more recent years are due to improvements in data quality, it is important not to think 4M of the differences as a drop in volunteer numbers.

2M So, if we exclude from the overall totals the National Societies for which we know there was a change in the 6 0 way volunteer data was reported , what is the trend over Volunteering Number of People Total time? Figure 6 shows the trend when we exclude data from 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 National Societies which reported any volunteer numbers more 5050+50+50+50 People Volunteering, controlling for change in reporting system than 25 per cent different from the previous year, and had changed 5050+50+50+5079+76+68+66+69100+98+89+86+72 People Volunteering

6 National Societies in Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda; Brazil, Dominican Republic, Jamaica; Cambodia, India, Maldives, Mongolia; Armenia, Cyprus, Russian Federation, Slovakia

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 28 THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE VOLUNTEERING

Here are two examples that will give some insight into the challenges and rewards of having accurate data. Bangladesh Red Crescent Society: Inclusion of youth volunteers

Indian Red Cross Society: From estimates angladesh Red Crescent Society to better data on volunteering has been reporting to the FDRS since B its inception. ntil recently the Indian Red Cross Society used an estimated figure of 12 million as the total Recently, the National Society has revised its U number of its volunteers and members. During data collection to improve decision-making the development of the new Indian Red Cross Strategy and external reporting as well as providing 2030, the need for more accurate data was recognised better data for the FDRS. It revised the defi- and the National Society carried out an extensive data nition of “volunteer” as per the FDRS guide, collection exercise in 2017. which means including branch committee and management members as well as youth Based on data received from more than 1,100 state and volunteers – both these categories were not district branches, a total of 297,729 active volunteers included in the past. were reported. At the same time the Indian Red Cross © Diana Coulter/IFRC Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, 8 November 2017 also collected data on its Junior and Youth Red Cross On top of substantial upward revisions in members, who are registered through schools and col- volunteer numbers due to improved data Romana, 18, is a Bangladesh Red Crescent volunteer who designed leges and pay nominal membership fees. Their con- collection and adopting the FDRS definition, puppets – Meena and Raju – to teach children in the makeshift firmed number reaches a remarkable total of 9,617,931 the Bangladesh Red Crescent Society is also settlements about healthy hygiene, including handwashing. A lack of people. While many of these Junior and Youth Red mem- seeing a real increase in volunteer numbers clean water and toilets is causing health problems in the camps. bers engage in volunteer activities, it is not possible to (when using the FDRS definition consistently) ascertain how many of them have volunteered for four as it responds to substantial humanitarian Since 25 August 2017, more than 680,000 people have crossed the Myanmar-Bangladesh border seeking safety from violence in northern hours or more and are therefore qualified as “active vol- needs in the country. areas of Myanmar's Rakhine State. Most are women and children living unteers”. The FDRS entry for active volunteers is there- in makeshift settlements in dire conditions. fore kept at 297,729. The Indian Red Cross Society is currently piloting online  volunteer registration and management tools, and it is expected that this will greatly enhance data collection and accuracy in the coming years. An apparent large drop in the total number of National Society volunteers globally was mainly due to changes in individual National Society reporting This example from Indian Red Cross Society showed how systems. When excluding these National Societies its volunteer numbers were revised downwards (but may from the data, the decrease in the total number of yet be revised again upwards), whereas this next example National Society volunteers globally between 2012 from Bangladesh Red Crescent Society is rather different. to 2016 is smaller than was originally feared: about 16 per cent. Numbers have been stable since 2014.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE VOLUNTEERING 29

Figure 7: Change in volunteer numbers since 2012, comparing volunteers for National Societies Is the drop in National with volunteers for all organisations according to the World Giving Index, excluding countries in which the National Society changed their reporting to FDRS Society volunteer numbers due to a global decline 15M 20 in volunteering?

15 We have seen that there was a drop in the number of National Society volunteers globally, at least in 2012-14, 10M though the drop was smaller than originally feared. Is this drop due to fewer people volunteering for organisations, on average, all over the world, or is this something specific 10 to National Societies?

It is difficult to answer this question definitively. But we 5M might get an indication if we compare the FDRS data with 5 data from a survey of volunteering trends worldwide, published by Charities Aid Foundation as the World Giving Index 7 (WGI). The WGI data comes from representative samples of house-to-house surveys and asks about whether 0 0 people have volunteered their time to an organisation in People volunteering for National Societies Index Giving World country: in each of people volunteering Percentage the past month. This question is a reasonably good com- 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 parison with the FDRS data: it asks about volunteering for 78+85+92+89+94 People volunteering for National Societies 5050+50+50+50 any organisation, not just a National Society. So, if these 5050+50+50+50 Percentage of People Volunteering in each country: World Giving Index figures are falling, this could be a reasonable explanation 100+95+83+79+82 of why volunteer numbers are falling in National Societies In Figure 7, the red line represents the total number of but is falling for National Societies 8. This suggests that in particular. National Society volunteers (after removing those National the decrease in National Society volunteering, especially Societies which changed their reporting system between 2012-14, is something specific to National Societies, not 2012 and 2016, see Figure 6, page 27). The black line shows a reflection of global trends (at least as recorded by the the average percentage of people who volunteered for any WGI). However this is only an overall view, and is not true organisation (in the month before they were interviewed) for every country; it is influenced by a smaller number of in each year in the approximately 140 countries covered by the World Giving Index survey. 8 This was tested with several statistical analysis. In particular, the relative drop in National Society volunteers compared to the WGI The figure indicates the number of people volunteering for trends is significant also when considering the National Society vol- all kinds of organisations is slowly rising over this period unteer numbers as percentages of the population, country-by-coun- 7 https://www.cafonline.org/about-us/publications/2017-publications/ try, as well as when considering total global numbers of volunteers. caf-world-giving-index-2017 Contact the FDRS team for details: [email protected]. 30 THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE VOLUNTEERING

National Societies which had larger drops in volunteer Figure 8: Change in median numbers of volunteers per National Society since 2012 numbers.

There are other ways to look at the popularity of volun- 10000 teering for National Societies which put all of them on an equal footing. For example, we can look at the number of National Societies experiencing an increase compared to 8000 the number experiencing a decrease; and in fact the majority of National Societies have experienced an increase in volunteer numbers between 2012 and 2016. Another way is to look at the median number, which tells us how the typ- 6000 ical National Society is performing; and in fact the median number is rising, which means that the typical National Society (in terms of volunteer numbers) has more volunteers in 2016 than in 2012. 4000

2000

0 Median of the Total Number of People Total Median of the National Society in each Volunteering 201255+59+54+69+71 2013 2014 2015 2016 These analyses are an example of how the FDRS can be combined with other datasets to answer quite sophisticated questions. The FDRS data available for download at data.ifrc.org/fdrs/data-download already includes some key data (like national population) from other datasets.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE VOLUNTEERING 31

Spontaneous volunteers Spontaneous volunteers in Mexico 10 and unaffiliated n September 2013, Mexican Red Cross volunteers and staff sent aid to relieve the communities most heav- volunteers: Do we have I ily hit by hurricanes Ingrid and Manuel. The National Society sent thousands of volunteers and technicians to keep changing our to respond to the immediate needs of affected people in the states of Guerrero, Veracruz and Tamaulipas. indicators to keep up The operation became difficult due to lack of access, with changing trends? and heavy rain slowed the relief efforts leading to the use of air support for delivering aid to the difficult to reach communities. Large numbers of spontaneous volunteers often mobi- lise themselves to try to help with larger threats such as Apart from the Mexican Red Cross volunteers, a lot floods and earthquakes, especially when there is substan- of people from the community came together to pro- tial media coverage 9. National Societies have a variety of vide assistance. These spontaneous volunteers worked ways of working with them. together with the Red Cross, for example with packag- ing food and hygiene items.

Should these spontaneous volunteers be counted as Red

Cross volunteers? © Mexican Red Cross

Following the severe impact of hurricanes Ingrid and Manuel, Mexican Red Cross volunteers and staff have continued responding, sending aid to relieve the communities most heavily hit by the storms. Since the onset of the tropical storms, the Mexican Red Cross has sent more than 7,000 volunteers and technicians to respond to the immediate needs of people affected in the states of Guerrero, Veracruz and Tamaulipas.

9 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 10 Article on IFRC website: “Spontaneous volunteers inspire Red Cross “Volunteering in emergencies: Practical guidelines for Red Cross action in Mexico” dated 27 September 2013; Article on IFRC web- and Red Crescent Societies managing volunteers in emergency sit- site: “Fiji Red Cross – Headquarters Effective management of spon- uations” p. 11-12 (2012). taneous volunteers during disasters” (2016).

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 32 THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE VOLUNTEERING

The current FDRS definition ofvolunteers is “the number of Spontaneous volunteers in Fiji people who worked freely to support the delivery of services of a National Society for at least four hours during n early 2016, Tropical Cyclone Winston was a cate- head office wanting to help. Fiji Red Cross managed the the annual reporting period”. The phrase “to support…” gory 5 tropical cyclone which made landfall in Fiji situation by offering orientation twice a day on a range is a good way to capture volunteers who are affiliated to I and caused huge devastation to the island. As many of topics from the history of the Red Cross to disaster IFRC, and it might include those volunteers in Fiji, where as 50,000 people were sheltered in more than a thousand response processes and restoring family links. The sponta- the National Society tried to manage these spontaneous vol- evacuation centres. The Fiji Red Cross mobilised volun- neous volunteers were advised to go back home and wait unteers by helping them to become affiliated volunteers: teers who had already been trained in disaster response. for the National Society to call when they were needed. to volunteer formally for the National Society. So, at some Many other people who were not connected to Fiji Red Of the 450 registered spontaneous volunteers, more than point they may be included in National Society volunteer Cross either as a member or a volunteer turned up at the half were called back to do volunteering activity. statistics. But the definition might not cover the volunteers in Mexico. Should these spontaneous volunteers be counted as Red Cross volunteers? There is increasing recognition of informal, non-affiliated forms of volunteering, and many people – especially young people – don’t want to be members of an organisation, they just want to help out spontaneously where they can and whenever suits them. They volunteer for causes, not brands.

How do National Societies respond? Many welcome unaffiliated volunteers who just drop in sometimes and interact with the National Society in limited ways. These National Societies are trying to become better at engaging (in a variety of ways) with unaffiliated volunteers without trying to recruit them. Yet most National Societies still want to maintain a big role for affiliated volunteers and especially focus on ensuring they have good training and skill levels, while perhaps accepting and managing a stagna- tion or even decline in numbers of affiliated volunteers, see page 27.

What does this all mean for the FDRS? How can National Societies count people who perhaps don’t want to be counted? More generally, how should the FDRS address the challenge of trying to keep the indicators like “num- Fiji, May 2013. The Fiji Red Cross is conducting ber of people volunteering” relevant as the world changes? an Emergenecy Response Training to Changes in the way National Societies deal with sponta- train volunteers to all the neous and non-affiliated volunteers might require new aspects of an emergency © Benoit Matsha-Carpentier/IFRC response. approaches to recording volunteer numbers in the future.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE VOLUNTEERING 33

Will the FDRS have to complement the key indicator on numbers of affiliated volunteers with other data on spontaneous volunteering? How can we start to monitor and record work with non-affiliated volunteers? These possi- bilities are being thoroughly explored by the German Red Cross. Possible indicators might be:

• Is your National Society/branch prepared to work with volunteers who are not affiliated (and don’t want to be)? • Has your National Society/branch worked with volunteers who are not affiliated (and don’t want to be) in the past year?

Global concepts of formal volunteering (conducted within an organisation “ or other formal setting) interact with local notions of formal and informal volunteering (practiced independently from organisations as an expression of community, cultural participation or social or humanitarian conscience). While global conceptions can help standardise and simplify mechanisms for promoting and managing volunteering, doing so in the name of its ‘universality’ risks obscuring and riding rough-shod over the diverse ways volunteering Iraq, Erbil: Iraqi Red is practiced and experienced. In each Crescent staff and context, volunteering is shaped by very volunteers at work in the particular social, cultural, political, Khazer camp, where they are providing food, relief 11 economic and religious and other factors. supplies and psychosocial support to families who have fled Mosul and surrounding towns. The ” camp can accommodate some 6000 families, or 30,000 people.

11 IFRC Global Review on Volunteering (2015) © Safin Ahmed/IRCS

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 34 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, DIFFERENT NATIONAL SOCIETIES 4. Different countries, different National Societies In this chapter we ask whether particular FDRS indicators tend to go together, so that National Societies that are strong on one particular indicator tend to be strong on another. And we ask: are there any simple explanations for the differences between National Societies on these key indicators?

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, DIFFERENT NATIONAL SOCIETIES 35

every million people in the population of the country. The Using “per million” Albanian Red Cross has 39 local units for a population of nearly 3 million people, so there are about 13 local units indicators as an alternative per million. way to understand National Society coverage 

In 2016, Italian Red Cross had 42 staff, while Luxembourg Calculating the main indicators “per million” Red Cross had 2,134. The Red Crescent Society of the of population gives important information Islamic Republic of Iran had more than 2 million volun- on how dense infrastructure and services teers, whereas the Red Cross in Liechtenstein, a very small are compared to the population; how country, had only nine. The FDRS data reveals a lot about good is the coverage. They are critical the differences between National Societies all over the to understanding how National Society world on key indicators. Do particular indicators tend to services are present in the field. go together, so that National Societies which are strong on one particular indicator tend to be strong on another? Figure 9, page 36, simply presents the “volunteers per The short answer to this question is: of course. The trou- million” indicator, per region. Presenting volunteer num- ble is, this answer isn’t very interesting, because generally bers in this way highlights how even small countries like speaking all the big and/or rich countries have high scores Burundi can have remarkable results. on all the main FDRS indicators – high income, high numbers of volunteers, high numbers of people trained in first aid, etc. So a high score on any one indicator tends to go together with a high score on all the others – the bigger the country, the higher the scores. This doesn’t tell us much about the different styles or types of National Society – for example, do National Societies that have a large number As one of the most generous countries of volunteers also have large numbers of staff, even taking in Europe, Sweden is home to many into consideration the population of the country? We can newly-resettled-refugees and asylum answer this question by dividing the main FDRS National seekers. Among them are affected by torture, armed conflict and migration. Society indicators such as number of blood donors, number of local units, etc., by the population for that country. The Swedish Red Cross opened its first So we get, for example, number of volunteers or number Would it be useful and constructive to treatment centre for this particular group for more than 30 years ago. of local units per million people. produce “top ten” tables of the National Since then, tens of thousands of Societies which perform best on each of the people have got treatment and care. For example, a figure of one “local unit per million” means main indicators, compared to the size of © Swedish Red Cross just that: this National Society has one local unit for their populations?

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 36 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, DIFFERENT NATIONAL SOCIETIES

Figure 9: Number of National Society volunteers per million of population, by Region*

60,000 40,000 20,000 0 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 60,000 40,000 20,000 0

|||| |||| |||| |||| |||| Burundi 1,000= Grenada 257= Samoa 314= Monaco 274= Iran, Islamic Republic of 450= Comores 162= Cuba 71= Japan 171= Croatia 217= Israel 30= Togo 149= Antigua and Barbuda 48= Vanuatu 97= Norway 165= Palestinian Territory, Occupied 30= Chad 77= Jamaica 48= Bangladesh 85= Serbia 146= Tunisia 27= Swaziland 66= Saint Kitts and Nevis 47= Korea, Democratic People’s Republic 70= Austria 145= Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 22= Seychelles 66= Bahamas 46= Vietnam 67= Iceland 138= Lebanon 22= Rwanda 59= Guyana 39= Nepal 62= Switzerland 125= Morocco 10= Malawi 58= Saint Lucia 33= Maldives 61= Slovenia 120= Yemen 9= Congo, The Democratic Republic of 58= Dominican Republic 32= Palau 60= Denmark 100= Kuwait 7= Cape Verde 57= Barbados 28= Timor-Leste 58= Finland 94= Syrian Arab Republic 7= Congo 45= Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 24= Korea, Republic of 45= Germany 85= Egypt 6= Ghana 40= Costa Rica 21= Mongolia 36= FYRO Macedonia 83= Saudi Arabia 5= Central African Republic 36= United States of America 17= Indonesia 32= Luxembourg 77= Iraq 3= Sudan 36= Haiti 16= New Zealand 29= Spain 75= Qatar 2= Lesotho 34= Dominica 14= China 22= Cyprus 60= Jordan 1= Senegal 34= Colombia 10= Fiji 18= Sweden 56= Bahrain 1= Kenya 29= Suriname 9= Philippines 18= Montenegro 48= Namibia 25= Ecuador 8= Micronesia, Federated States of 18= Bosnia and Herzegovina 47= Guinea 24= Canada 7= Australia 16= Bulgaria 42= Sierra Leone 22= Nicaragua 7= Singapore 15= Italy 42= Gabon 22= Belize 7= Tonga 14= Belarus 41= Mauritania 20= El Salvador 6= Afghanistan 14= Georgia 40= Zimbabwe 18= Chile 5= Cambodia 13= San Marino 38= Botswana 16= Honduras 4= Thailand 9= Belgium 38= Sao Tome and Principe 13= Mexico 4= Brunei Darvussalam 9= Andorra 33= Benin 11= Argentina 4= Solomon Islands 8= Hungary 32= Zambia 11= Panama 3= Myanmar 5= Netherlands 29= Somalia 10= Uruguay 3= Sri Lanka 4= Latvia 26= Cameroon 9= Trinidad and Tobago 3= India 4= Uzbekistan 21= Ethiopia 8= Paraguay 2= Malaysia 3= Slovakia 19= Mali 6= Guatemala 2= Papua New Guinea 2= Tajikistan 18= Equatorial Guinea 6= Venezuela 1= Pakistan 1= Greece 17= Mauritius 5= Bolivia 1= France 17= Djibouti 5= Peru 1= Portugal 16= Angola 4= Poland 16= Madagascar 3= Armenia 15= Cote d’Ivoire 3= Albania 15= Gambia 3= Azerbaijan 15= Uganda 3= Ireland 14= Burkina Faso 3= Russian Federation 9= Nigeria 2= Moldova, Republic of 8= Tanzania 1= Lithuania 7= South Africa 0= Kyrgyzstan 6= Liberia 0= United Kingdom 5= Mozambique 0= Romania 5= Turkmenistan 5= Czech Republic 5= Estonia 4= Liechtenstein 4= Malta 3= Turkey 3= Kazakhstan 1= Ukraine 0= AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA PACIFIC EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

* National Societies not reporting number of people volunteering in 2016 not included.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, DIFFERENT NATIONAL SOCIETIES 37

The Figure 9, page 36 shows those National Societies that reported the number of people volunteering their time in Connections between the “per million” indicators 2016. The more volunteers each National Society has per million people, the higher the National Society is shown on the figure. Some National Societies in every IFRC Region, But how are these “per million” indicators related to one another and how are they influenced by other factors such as and especially Burundi, stand out with very high volun- the Human Development Index (HDI) of the country? The next figure is one answer to that question. teer coverage. Some countries such as Monaco, Grenada and Samoa stand out because a healthy number of vol- Figure 10: Connections between key “per million” indicators for National Societies, unteers is divided by a small population. Volunteer cover- and between them and socio-demographic indicators 12 age is quite low in Middle East and North Africa, but the Type of indicator Islamic Republic of Iran is a clear exception. Income

HDI Sociodemographic indicators ◴ Disasters

Population National Society indicators “Per million” indicators ensure achievements of smaller National Type of connection Societies do not get lost in the data. People reached: First Aid disasters Trained Staff Negative

Positive

Local Units Volunteers People reached: long term

Note: thicker lines mean stronger connections. All National Society indicators, and the disaster indicators, are per million population. Indicators are log transformed where appropriate.

What really explains the number of staff a National Society has? Researchers are 12 Correlations smaller than .25, and also correlations between socio-economic indicators, are suppressed. All data is from 2016. The following National encouraged to use the FDRS data to answer Society indicators are excluded because they did not have any strong enough correlations: National Society income per million, blood donors per million, age of National Society; and the socio-demographic indicator on refugees per million was also dropped for the same reason. All National Society specific questions like this. indicators, and the disaster indicators, are per million population. Indicators are log transformed where appropriate.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 38 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, DIFFERENT NATIONAL SOCIETIES

This figure is an innovative way to present the connections between, on the one hand, the main “per million” indica-  National Society “per tors in the FDRS (shown with hexagons) and on the other hand some key socio-demographic indicators (shown with million” indicators: how circles). Thick lines mean strong connections between two National Societies with a high score on any indicators – blue means positive, red means negative. one of the key field indicators, (number of are they affected by volunteers, local units, staff and people First, we can see that four of the National Society indica- trained in first aid, measured per million), HDI and population? tors “per million” are strongly related: local units, first aid tend on average to have high scores on trained, staff, and volunteers. Number of volunteers per the others. We could just say that these million is also related – but more weakly – to the number National Societies have good coverage. There’s a lot of data in the FDRS and it can be bewildering of people reached with long-term services and develop- to look at all the different ways of understanding the dif- ment programmes. ferences between National Societies. This section looks at The figure also shows how these “per million” indicators are one way of presenting some important differences. This means that National Societies all over the world dif- connected to socio-demographic statistics for each coun- fer quite strongly on what we could call coverage: try, such as HDI. These are shown by circles. We will look again at how the “per million” indicators for each National Society are related to the HDI and popula- • the number of people trained in first aid for • Where is the highest coverage of people reached tion of each country. But we will do it in a very simple way. each million people in the population by the National Society with disaster response We will just divide the National Societies into four groups 14: • the number of volunteers per million and early recovery? – in countries with low HDI, • the number of local units per million but a high number of disasters per head 13. • High HDI and high population (for example, Japan), • the numbers of staff per million. • Where is the highest coverage of National Society • Low HDI and high population (for example, Nigeria), local units? – in countries with low populations. • High HDI and low population (for example, Iceland), National Societies with a high score on one indicator tend, • Where does the National Society have the highest • Low HDI and low population (for example, Vanuatu) on average, to have high scores on the others. coverage of staff? – in countries with high HDI. The Figure 11, page 39 shows these four quadrants with For example, in 2016, Burundi Red Cross Society had the approximately equal numbers of National Societies. highest number of volunteers per million from all National Societies in the world, and the second highest number of local units per million, and is also 55th for numbers of staff per million. Croatia is 6th for the number of volunteers per million, 14th for numbers of people trained in first aid per million, 32nd for numbers of staff per million and 39th for numbers of local units per million.

The number of volunteers per million is a central indicator because it is related to the other coverage indicators on the one hand but is also linked to the number of people reached (per million) with long-term services and devel- 13 Many other factors also influence these indicators. The ones men- tioned here are just the ones with the strongest correlations as 14 The National Societies were split at the median for each indicator, opment programmes. shown in the figure. so that the four groups of National Societies are roughly equal.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, DIFFERENT NATIONAL SOCIETIES 39

Figure 11: How the National Societies are allocated to four quadrants according to low versus high HDI and low versus high population

India China 1,000,000

United States of America Indonesia Brazil Nigeria Pakistan Bangladesh Russian Federation Philippines Mexico Japan Ethiopia Egypt Congo, The Democratic Republic of Viet Nam Turkey Iran, Islamic Republic of France Germany Thailand Italy United Kingdom Tanzania Myanmar South Africa Uganda Colombia Ukraine Korea, Republic of Kenya Argentina Algeria Spain Afghanistan Morocco Iraq Poland Canada Sudan Uzbekistan Peru Venezuela Malaysia Saudi Arabia Mozambique Yemen Angola Nepal Ghana Cote d'Ivoire Madagascar Cameroon Australia Niger Sri Lanka Burkina Faso Malawi Syrian Arab Republic Romania Mali Zambia Guatemala Ecuador Kazakhstan Chile Netherlands Chad Senegal Cambodia Guinea Zimbabwe Cuba Portugal Greece Belgium 10,000 Burundi Benin Rwanda Bolivia Dominican Republic Tunisia Belarus Haiti Honduras Jordan Azerbaijan Hungary Sweden Papua New Guinea Tajikistan Czech Republic Israel Switzerland Sierra Leone Togo Kyrgyzstan Paraguay Libyan Arab United Arab Emirates Lao People’s Democratic Republic Serbia Bulgaria Austria Nicaragua Jamahiriya Lebanon Denmark Congo El Salvador Turkmenistan Slovakia Finland Singapore Norway Central African Republic Liberia Palestinian Territory, Occupied Costa Rica Panama New Zealand Ireland Mauritania Bosnia and Herzegovina Kuwait Croatia Moldova, Republic of Mongolia Georgia Jamaica Albania Uruguay Lithuania Namibia Armenia Botswana Qatar Gambia Lesotho FYRO Macedonia Slovenia Guinea−Bissau Gabon Latvia Bahrain Swaziland Timo-Leste Trinidad and Tobago Mauritius Estonia Equatorial Guinea Cyprus Djibouti Fiji Comores Guyana Solomon Island Montenegro Cape Verde Suriname Luxembourg Malta Maldives Bahamas Brunei Darussalam Belize Iceland Vanuatu Barbados Sao Tome and Principe Samoa Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 100 Kiribati Micronesia, Federated States of Grenada Tonga Seychelles Antigua and Barbuda Dominica Andorra Saint Kitts and Nevis Liechtenstein

Palau

Population (thousands) – logarithmic scale 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 HDI

100e Africa 100e Asia Pacific 100e Middle East and North Africa 100e Americas 100e Europe and Central Asia Quadrants Note: the red double lines divide the National Societies into four quadrants

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 40 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, DIFFERENT NATIONAL SOCIETIES

We now present a figure for each indicator showing the Figure 12: Differences in median number of blood donors Figure 13: Differences in median number of people trained median 15 score for each of the four groups. The median (per million of population) between National in first aid (per million of population) between score is the score of the National Society which is in the Societies in the four quadrants: low versus National Societies in the four quadrants: low middle if the National Societies in that group are arranged high HDI and low versus high population 16 versus high HDI and low versus high population from lowest to highest.

 High High 7733 9541 2114 183630 Dividing the National Societies into four equal quadrants (low population and low HDI; high population and low HDI; low population

and high HDI; and high population and Low Low high HDI) makes it easier to understand the 00 10043 11662 6008100 impact of these two key socio-demographic Population Population factors on National Society profiles. Low HDI High HDI Low HDI High HDI

The graphs reveal a number of really strong connections The big story with blood donors per million is that a lower Figure 13 shows median values for numbers of people between HDI and population on the one hand and the “per population is associated with lower numbers – the oppo- trained in first aid (per million). HDI and population make million” indicators on the other. But the connections differ site to what we see with the other indicators. The quarter substantial differences – low population and high HDI each strongly from indicator to indicator. Also, there are strong of National Societies in countries with low population and have a very strong link to the number of people trained. interactions between HDI and population. That means that low HDI have almost no blood donors. National Societies in the top half of HDI have around 15 the influence of HDI on the indicator depends on the size times as many people trained per million as National of the population.  Societies in the bottom half. If someone wants to understand how National Societies are present in the field with different infrastructure and High 15 services, they should have a good look at these graphs to There are major differences in see the substantial effect of HDI and population. coverage between National Societies Low 1 in countries with low and high HDI and low and high population. For example, the majority of National Societies in National Societies in the top half of HDI countries with low population and low typically have around 15 times as many HDI have almost no blood donors. people trained in first aid per million as National Societies in the bottom half. 15 The median is used rather than the mean because in many cases there are one or two National Societies in each group with very 16 The median numbers in this and subsequent figures are rounded high scores, which would distort the results. to the nearest unit.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, DIFFERENT NATIONAL SOCIETIES 41

Figure 14: Differences in median number of local units Figure 15: Differences in median National Society income Figure 16: Differences in median number of people reached (per million of population) between National (per million of population) between National in disaster response and early recovery Societies in the four quadrants: low versus Societies in the four quadrants: low versus programmes (per million of population) between high HDI and low versus high population high HDI and low versus high population National Societies in the four quadrants: low versus high HDI and low versus high population

High High 193 569 90,6236 946,29145 High 1,09655 36722

Low Low 6210 10016 551,89540 1,485,518100 Low Population Population 1,974100 488 Low HDI High HDI Low HDI High HDI Population Low HDI High HDI

High HDI and low population are associated with high HDI and population size also affect the income of National numbers of local units per million, and National Societies Societies. National Societies in countries with both low HDI People reached with disaster response and early recov- with low HDI and high population have a particularly low and high population have particularly low income. ery programmes: here, higher HDI is associated with much number of units. lower numbers of people reached per head, especially in countries with lower populations.

Why are more people reached in long‑term service programmes (per million of population) in higher-population countries?

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 42 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, DIFFERENT NATIONAL SOCIETIES

Figure 17: Differences in median number of people Figure 18: Differences in median number of staff (per Figure 19: Differences in median number of volunteers reached in long-term service programmes million of population) between National (per million of population) between National (per million of population) between National Societies in the four quadrants: low versus Societies in the four quadrants: low versus Societies in the four quadrants: low versus high HDI and low versus high population high HDI and low versus high population high HDI and low versus high population

High High High 1810 10056 31597 46872 6,57375 8,697100

Low Low Low 6134 8749 1,06256 1,910100 4,49253 7,90777 Population Population Low HDI High HDI Low HDI High HDI Population Low HDI High HDI

Looking at the number of staff per million, again both HDI Finally, there are more volunteers per million in countries People reached with long-term services: here, higher HDI and population make a difference, but HDI makes a par- with higher HDI and lower population. is associated with much higher numbers of people reached ticularly strong difference in high population countries, where per head, and more people are reached in countries with there are more than five times as many staff per million higher populations. with high HDI than with low HDI.

Why are there far more volunteers (per million of population) in low-population countries, but far fewer blood donors per million?

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 PREDICTING THE NUMBER OF NATIONAL SOCIETY VOLUNTEERS AFTER A DISASTER 43 5. Predicting the number of National Society volunteers after a disaster Volunteer numbers often go up in response to a disaster or a threat. But is this visible in the FDRS data across all disasters and all National Societies? And, if so, how long does the boost in volunteer numbers last?

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 44 PREDICTING THE NUMBER OF NATIONAL SOCIETY VOLUNTEERS AFTER A DISASTER

We’ve already seen (Figure 9, page 36) that there is a very big variation between National Societies in the number of volunteers – both in abso- lute numbers and in coverage or volunteers per million. What explains these differences? Socio-demographic factors like HDI play a role. But what about disasters? It seems plausible that volunteer numbers go up in response to a disaster or a threat. But is this visible in the FDRS data? And, if so, how long does the boost in volunteer numbers last?

Volunteer numbers grow in response to a major flood in Argentina

n 3 April 2013, a severe local storm brought nearly 400mm of rainfall in a 24-hour period in La Plata, Buenos Aires province O in Argentina, affecting up to a million people. This disaster was a turning point for the Argentine Red Cross, with many branches working together, as the disaster was too big to be addressed by only one branch. The Argentine Red Cross worked with government and other agencies and provided aid to more than 20,000 families 17. The National Society partnered with the private sector and implemented a cash transfer programme for the first time in the country. After this experience, the National Society became a reference point for cash transfer in the region. Nearly 300,000 Swiss francs were allocated from the IFRC Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) for this disaster. The relief operation lasted three months.

The number of volunteers in the year of the disaster nearly doubled (from 4,572 in 2012 up to 7,847 in 2013). Staff numbers fluctuated less. Income and expenditure have increased steadily but not sub- stantially. The number of people reached also increased. In the years following the emergency, the increase in numbers for volunteers and people reached continues: in 2015, Argentina was subject to heavy floods again, although less devastating than the ones in 2013. The Argentine Red Cross was able to keep the volunteers that joined in © Cruz Roja Argentina © Cruz Roja Argentina 2013 and has developed campaigns to keep adding volunteers, reaching 9,756 volunteers in 2016. Argentina Red Cross vehicle on the way to provide Argentina Red Cross volunteer filters water for the assistance to people affected by floods in Argentina. residents affected by floods in Argentina.

17 “Memoria 2013 – Cruz Roja Argentina”

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 PREDICTING THE NUMBER OF NATIONAL SOCIETY VOLUNTEERS AFTER A DISASTER 45

Figure 20: The impact of severe floods in Argentina in 2013 on volunteer numbers, and Figure 21: The impact of the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone in 2014 on volunteer numbers, on numbers of people reached. Numbers are per million of population and on numbers of people reached. Numbers are per million of population

People Reached: Disasters People Reached: Long Term Volunteers People Reached: Disasters People Reached: Long Term Volunteers 3500 25000 300 9000 125000 1500

3000 250 1250 20000 100000 7500 2500 200 1000

15000 75000 2000

150 5000 750

1500 10000 50000 100 500 1000 2500 5000 25000 50 250 500

0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of People (per million population) Number of People (per million population) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Data for Sierra Leone tells a similar story. Here also, although there was a fall in volun- These two examples support the idea that volunteer numbers can be boosted by disas- teer numbers to 2013, it has been possible, at least up to 2016, to retain the boost in vol- ters and can even be maintained. Is it possible to make a synthesis of all such graphs to unteers who came forward to help respond to the Ebola crisis in 2014. look at this idea globally? There are many challenges in doing this – for instance, how to deal with the data when a National Society experiences more than one disaster. And it is desirable to take other factors like socio-demographic data into account. A more sophisticated statistical simulation was constructed to investigate this idea further. The analysis 18 included all National Societies that had experienced at least one disaster between 2012‑16 and had received funds via IFRC for this disaster: it uses disaster data from both IFRC's DREF records and Emergency Appeals records.

How can National Societies best ensure development services are sustained even while responding to a disaster, and in the years 18 This analysis is based on an MSc thesis conducted during an internship by Olta Ndoja at IFRC: The Macro- Determinants of Red Cross and Red Crescent Volunteers: Cross-Country Panel Data Analysis. Internship Thesis afterwards? (2017).

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 46 PREDICTING THE NUMBER OF NATIONAL SOCIETY VOLUNTEERS AFTER A DISASTER

Figure 22: The disaster timeline. How volunteer numbers increase in the year of a disaster and in the subsequent years and how much it is due to National Societies’ increased capacity to recruit volunteers, or a combination of the two – or indeed other factors. 125

100

50 0+80+60+35+10+0+0

25 Volunteer numbers are typically boosted when a disaster happens, by around 40 per cent; volunteer numbers typically 0 remain raised for a while but return to the baseline two to three years later. -25

-50 But what about the money? When a country experiences a disaster, the National Society usually receives funds from IFRC. How do these funds relate to the increase in volunteer -125 % change in volunteers (after 1 disaster at time 0) % change 25,85+15,80+15,35+25,20,90+10,100+0,95+5,45+25,35+30,3012,85+12,40+25,35+30,3033+30,30 numbers that the National Society can typically expect? 0 1 2 3 4 5 This increase gets even bigger as we combine the num- YEARS AFTER DISASTER ber of disasters experienced in one year with the amount of funds received from IFRC to respond to the emergency 45+25+40+35 99% Confidence Interval and is particularly relevant when a country experiences 45+25+40+35 95% Confidence Interval 45+25+40+35 90% Confidence Interval several disasters in one year. For example, when a country 45+25+40+35 Prediction experiences four disasters, the increase in volunteer numbers depends strongly on the amount of funds received – National Societies that received the smallest amounts of The results simulate the effect that one disaster has on vol- the disaster. This model simulates the effect of one addi- funds experienced a 12 per cent smaller increase in volunteer unteer numbers in the year of the disaster (year zero) and tional disaster, so it also explains the typical increase in numbers than National Societies that received the largest the subsequent years. Already in year zero, there is a posi- volunteer numbers, in a National Society that has to deal amounts of funds, when everything else remains constant. tive impact on the number of people volunteering (the red with one additional disaster alongside one or more others. line in Figure 22): this increases by more than 40 per cent. In The statistical significance of this effect is not firmly estab- the year after the disaster, there is still a positive impact of lished, but it indicates a very interesting area for further around 34 per cent; this effect decreases steadily and ulti- research, which could also investigate how much this effect mately reaches 0 two to three years after the occurrence of is due to an increase in people’s willingness to volunteer

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 MAPS: THE EXTRAORDINARY NATIONAL SOCIETY SUPPORT NETWORK 47 6. Maps: The extraordinary National Society support network In this chapter, we use maps to take a closer look at the FDRS data on support links between National Societies.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 48 MAPS: THE EXTRAORDINARY NATIONAL SOCIETY SUPPORT NETWORK

Maps are a great way to display and understand global data. Maps for the main indicators can also be accessed directly: For example, the FDRS web application provides interac- FDRS network maps tive maps like this one: Total number of people data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/ volunteering map/KPI_PeopleVol_Tot Figure 23: An example of the kind of interactive map Total number of data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/ provided at the FDRS web application paid staff map/KPI_PStaff_Tot data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/map  Total number of people data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/ donating blood map/KPI_DonBlood_Tot In 2016, there were more than 800 support Total number of people data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/ trained in first aid map/KPI_TrainFA_Tot links between National Societies within IFRC Regions and across the world.

Total number of data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/ local units map/KPI_noLocalUnits The FDRS dataset contains a wealth of data that can be Total number of people reached by disaster data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/ response and early recovery programmes map/KPI_ReachDRER_CPD used to investigate and present National Society activities across the world, beyond the simple maps provided in Total number of people reached by long term data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/ the web application. For example, each National Society is services and development programmes map/KPI_ReachLTSPD_CPD asked to list the other National Societies which provided support (whether financial, technical, or human) during Total number of people reached data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/ by disaster risk reduction map/KPI_ReachDRR_CPD the previous year. This allows us to look at the support Users can select different indicators and also look at results links between National Societies, as givers and receivers for different years. Total number of people reached data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/ of support. There are more than 800 such links, giving evi- by shelter map/KPI_ReachS_CPD dence of the extraordinary depth of the support network between National Societies across the world. Total number of people reached data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/ by livelihoods map/KPI_ReachL_CPD These links are listed in Table 9, page 52, later in this doc- Total number of people reached data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/ ument. In Figure 24, page 49, we visualise them on a map. by health map/KPI_ReachH_CPD Figure 24 shows links between National Societies across Total number of people reached data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/ by water, sanitation and hygiene map/KPI_ReachWASH_CPD the world. The sizes of the circles representing each National Society are proportional to the number of other Total number of people data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/ National Societies which that National Society supports. reached by migration map/KPI_ReachM_CPD The lines are coloured according to the sending Region. The second map, Figure 25, page 50, focuses just on Total number of people reached by data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/ cash transfer programming map/KPI_ReachCTP_CPD the links within Regions.

Total number of people reached data.ifrc.org/fdrs/overview/ by social inclusion and building a map/KPI_ReachSI_CPD culture of non-violence and peace

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 MAPS: THE EXTRAORDINARY NATIONAL SOCIETY SUPPORT NETWORK 49

Figure 24: Support links in 2016 between National Societies

Number of outgoing support links to other National Societies 50+50+50+50 Africa 50+50+50+50 Americas 80 60 50+50+50+50 Asia Pacific 60 40 50+50+50+50 Europe and Central Asia 40 20 50+50+50+50 Middle East and North Africa 20 1

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 50 MAPS: THE EXTRAORDINARY NATIONAL SOCIETY SUPPORT NETWORK

Figure 25: Support links between National Societies within Regions

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 MAPS: THE EXTRAORDINARY NATIONAL SOCIETY SUPPORT NETWORK 51

What kind of support do National Societies give one another? There is a very wide variety, in a wide variety of contexts: support can be related to long-term services, disasters, emergencies, conflict, and so on. One notable example comes from the Middle East and North Africa region.

Cooperation between National Societies responding to the crisis in Syria

ince 2011, the crisis in Syria has caused a humanitarian emergency spilling over far beyond the borders of the coun- S try. By March 2017, 8 million Syrians had been displaced within the country and almost 5 million had fled to other countries as refugees 19. More than 4 million Syrian refugees have set- tled in the Middle East and North Africa region, further increasing the humanitarian load from previous waves of displacement.

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement has been providing humanitarian support to Syrians since the beginning of the crisis. This support has been delivered in Syria, Egypt, Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan, and Turkey by the National Societies in those countries and also by the Palestinian Red Crescent Society. It is cap- tured in the Movement-Wide Reporting Mechanism (MWR) which provides even more detail than the FDRS on the Movement’s col- lective response, to facilitate Movement positioning among other humanitarian actors and to attract additional resources to the ongoing work of National Societies.

Apart from enormous cooperation within the Movement on direct humanitarian actions, mutual support was also provided for the © Stephen Ryan/IFRC development and implementation of the Movement Wide Report- ing Mechanism – between National Societies, IFRC and ICRC coun- As part of the Lebanese Red Cross assistance programme for Syrian refugees, hygiene try offices and the IFRC Regional Offices in Middle East and North promotion activities are carried out in a fun and engaging way for children. IFRC Africa and Europe. Finnish Red Cross provided technical support Secretary General Elhadj As Sy watches on during a visit to this informal settlement and partner National Societies in Middle East and North Africa near Zahle in Lebanon's Bekaa valley region. Region as well as British Red Cross and Swedish Red Cross, finan- cially supported the implementation. There are over a million Syrian refugees registered in Lebanon, with some estimates indicating that hundreds of thousands more people may be living in the country without registration. Lebanese Red Cross has been providing assistance to those in need since the onset of the Syria crisis in 2011. 19 data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 52 MAPS: THE EXTRAORDINARY NATIONAL SOCIETY SUPPORT NETWORK

Table 9 shows the same information as in the maps, but in El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, San Marino, Spain, Switzerland, list form. The first column shows each National Society pro- Mexico, Nicaragua, Suriname, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Iraq viding support to other National Societies, which are then United States, Afghanistan, China, India, shown in the second column. The colours show the Regions. Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, ASIA PACIFIC Pakistan, Philippines, Denmark, France, Australia Papua New Guinea, Table 9: List of support links between National Societies Germany, Greece, Netherlands, Spain, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Lebanon, Palestinian Territory, Occupied, Cook Islands, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Syrian Arab Republic, Yemen Lao People’s Democratic Republic, NATIONAL SOCIETY NATIONAL SOCIETY Colombia Ecuador Maldives, Micronesia, Federated States of, PROVIDING SUPPORT RECEIVING SUPPORT Dominica Haiti Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Haiti Mexico Palau, Philippines, Singapore, AFRICA Honduras Colombia, El Salvador, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Botswana Lesotho, Ecuador Guatemala, Nicaragua Vietnam, Denmark, Samoa, Tajikistan, Burundi Cote d’Ivoire, Afghanistan, Myanmar Mexico Canada, Ecuador, Haiti, United States United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia Cape Verde Spain Panama Costa Rica, Ecuador, Paraguay Bangladesh Malaysia, Myanmar, Timor-Leste Central African Saint Kitts China Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, Republic France and Nevis Dominica Canada, Ecuador, Haiti, Cambodia, Cote d’Ivoire Burundi Saint Lucia Dominica Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, Ghana Nigeria Saint Vincent and Korea, Democratic People’s Republic, Guinea-Bissau Cape Verde the Grenadines Dominica Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Kenya Sierra Leone, Somalia, Suriname Dominica Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, South Africa, Tanzania, Finland Trinidad and Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Mauritania France Tobago Dominica Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Nigeria Ghana, Liberia United States Benin, Guinea, Kenya, FYRO Macedonia, Tajikistan, Ukraine Senegal Cote d’Ivoire Liberia, Namibia, Rwanda, India Fiji Sierra Leone Ghana Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Indonesia Timor-Leste, Vietnam South Africa Mozambique Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Japan Angola, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Tanzania Malawi Zambia, Zimbabwe, Antigua and Barbuda, Zambia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Togo Central African Republic Argentina, Bahamas, Belize, Canada, India, Indonesia, Korea, Republic of, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, AMERICAS Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guyana, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vietnam, Greece, Antigua and Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Italy, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Jordan, Lebanon, Barbuda Bahamas, Dominica Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Palestinian Territory, Occupied Argentina Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay Australia, Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Korea, Republic of Equatorial Guinea, Haiti, Cambodia, Belize Antigua and Barbuda, Chile Micronesia, Federated States of, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Canada Angola, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Congo, The Democratic Republic of, Philippines, Vietnam, Armenia, Belarus, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Timor-Leste, Vietnam, Tajikistan Senegal, South Sudan, Dominica, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Netherlands, Malaysia Philippines Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Norway, Romania, Russian Federation, New Zealand Cook Islands, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati,

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 MAPS: THE EXTRAORDINARY NATIONAL SOCIETY SUPPORT NETWORK 53

Micronesia, Federated States of, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Denmark, Georgia, Greece, Lebanon, Singapore, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Montenegro, Russian Federation, Serbia, Palestinian Territory, Occupied Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Italy, Switzerland, Ukraine, Jordan, Lebanon, Ireland India, Indonesia, Nepal, Philippines, Tajikistan, Saudi Arabia Palestinian Territory, Occupied, Qatar Greece, Serbia, Switzerland Philippines Ecuador Finland Burundi, Cote d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Italy Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Singapore China, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Niger, Senegal, Sao Tome and Principe, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Italy Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Antigua and Barbuda, Bolivia, Thailand Japan, Nepal, Sri Lanka Swaziland, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Brazil, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Tonga Japan Bolivia, El Salvador, Honduras, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Vanuatu Fiji Suriname, Afghanistan, Cambodia, Peru, India, Indonesia, Japan, Vietnam Japan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic Korea, Democratic People’s Republic, Korea, Democratic People’s Republic, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam, Armenia, EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Thailand, Denmark, Greece, Lithuania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark, Albania FYRO Macedonia Romania, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, FYRO Macedonia, Austria Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, United Kingdom, Iraq, Lebanon, Monaco, Montenegro, San Marino, Suriname, Nepal, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Syrian Arab Republic, Yemen Tajikistan, Palestinian Territory, Occupied Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, France Benin, Liechtenstein Nepal FYRO Macedonia, Montenegro, Central African Republic, Chad, Comores, Luxembourg Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Mali, Russian Federation, Serbia, Switzerland, Congo, Congo, The Democratic Republic of, Nepal, Monaco, Montenegro, San Marino Ukraine, United Kingdom, Lebanon Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Monaco Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cote d’Ivoire, Belgium Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Mauritius, Niger, Senegal, Swaziland, Mali, Niger, Nepal, Armenia, Greece, Congo, The Democratic Republic of, Philippines, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Bulgaria, Italy, Switzerland, United Kingdom Gabon, Kenya, Lesotho, Mali, Uganda, Denmark, Greece, Monaco, San Marino, Netherlands Angola, Benin, Burundi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, India, Nepal, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Greece, Monaco, Russian Federation, Germany Burkina Faso, Chad, Kenya, Madagascar, Congo, The Democratic Republic of, Syrian Arab Republic Mozambique, Senegal, Seychelles, Cote d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Bulgaria Malawi, Costa Rica, Uganda, Colombia, El Salvador, Peru, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Korea, Democratic People’s Republic, Bangladesh, Japan, Nepal, Nepal, Namibia, Niger, Rwanda, Seychelles, Belarus, Greece, Italy, FYRO Macedonia, Pakistan, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Ukraine Tonga, Vietnam, Albania, Armenia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Croatia Greece, FYRO Macedonia Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Colombia, Czech Republic Nepal, Italy, Slovenia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Syrian Arab Republic FYRO Macedonia, FYRO Macedonia, Nicaragua, Suriname, Afghanistan, Denmark Central African Republic, Chad, Guinea, Monaco, Serbia, Switzerland, Ukraine, Bangladesh, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Ukraine, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Korea, Democratic People’s Republic, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Seychelles, Palestinian Territory, Occupied Korea, Republic of, Nepal, Philippines, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe, El Salvador, Hungary Japan, Nepal, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Sri Lanka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Haiti, Suriname, United States, FYRO Macedonia, Pakistan, Ukraine Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Greece, Afghanistan, Cambodia, Nepal, Pakistan, Iceland Malawi, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Dominica, Hungary, Italy, FYRO Macedonia, Philippines, Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Grenada, Armenia, Belarus, Cyprus, Russian Federation, Serbia, Ukraine,

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 54 MAPS: THE EXTRAORDINARY NATIONAL SOCIETY SUPPORT NETWORK

United Kingdom, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Switzerland Chad, Ethiopia, Guinea, Malawi, Mali, Occupied Lebanon Palestinian Territory, Occupied, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Qatar Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Syrian Arab Republic Bolivia, Ecuador, Honduras, Suriname, Mauritania, Senegal, Afghanistan, Norway Burundi, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal, Philippines, Kyrgyzstan, Jordan, Lebanon Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Philippines, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Saudi Arabia Kyrgyzstan Zimbabwe, Colombia, Cuba, El Salvador, Bulgaria, Denmark, Georgia, Germany, United Arab Honduras, Suriname, Afghanistan, India, Greece, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Emirates Comores, Mali, Seychelles, Sri Lanka Korea, Democratic People’s Republic, Lithuania, Serbia, United Kingdom, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Lebanon, Syrian Arab Republic Philippines, Tonga, Vietnam, Albania, Turkey Cote d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Somalia, Ecuador, Cyprus, Denmark, Georgia, Latvia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Moldova, Republic of, Romania, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Albania, Georgia, Russian Federation, Israel, Lebanon, Italy, Luxembourg, FYRO Macedonia, Palestinian Territory, Occupied Iraq, Palestinian Territory, Occupied, Portugal Sao Tome and Principe, Ecuador Qatar, United Arab Emirates San Marino Bosnia and Herzegovina United Kingdom Central African Republic, Cote d’Ivoire, Serbia FYRO Macedonia Djibouti, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Spain Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Namibia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Central African Republic, Comores, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Congo, The Democratic Republic of, Canada, El Salvador, Australia, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Mongolia, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Armenia, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Monaco, Norway, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bolivia, Portugal, San Marino, Slovakia, Spain, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Jordan, Lebanon, Honduras, Peru, Nepal, Philippines, Palestinian Territory, Occupied Vietnam, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Bahrain Philippines Lebanon, Palestinian Territory, Occupied, Iran, Islamic Syrian Arab Republic Republic of Senegal, Sri Lanka, Armenia, Sweden Angola, Azerbaijan, Lebanon Congo, The Democratic Republic of, Iraq Jordan, Lebanon Cote d’Ivoire, Kenya, Liberia, Senegal, Israel Ecuador, India, Nepal, Philippines Seychelles, Uganda, Suriname, Kuwait Jordan, Lebanon Bangladesh, Denmark, Greece, Libyan Arab Romania, Russian Federation, Jamahiriya Spain United Kingdom, Lebanon, Palestinian What can be done to promote stronger links Palestinian Territory, Occupied, Qatar Territory, within regions as well as between them?

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 BREAKING DOWN THE DATA BY SEX, AGE AND OTHER FACTORS – WHAT DOES IT TELL US 55 7. Breaking down the data by sex, age and other factors – what does it tell us? In this chapter, we look at how recording and analysing disaggregated data can help National Societies understand and respond to their current situation and future threats, nationally and globally.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 56 BREAKING DOWN THE DATA BY SEX, AGE AND OTHER FACTORS – WHAT DOES IT TELL US

Why break down the data? Vietnam: making sure that elderly and disabled people are included

he Chairman of People’s Committee Mai Hoa He regularly joins community meetings to under- A National Society programme might count, for example, the num- Commune, Trâ’n Van Giáo says that Mai Hoa stand, contribute and prepare for disasters. ber of people receiving first-aid training. But do they also record, for T in Tuyen Hoa district, Vietnam has a fairly each person, their sex? What about their age or disability status? slow economy. Most community members are farm- All over the world, National Societies sometimes Disaggregating data in this way helps National Societies: ers. The living conditions are not great in compar- hear people saying that disabled and elderly peo- ison to some neighbouring areas, natural disasters ple don’t count quite as much as others, and if they • report to donors can be very tough on the community. In 2007 there are affected by disaster this does not count in quite • understand more about their staff and volunteers was a massive flood, one of the worst in 60 years, the same way. Viet Nam Red Cross now specifically • find out where there are gaps in their programmes and services and it caused extensive damage to the commune. includes disabled people in their Vulnerability Capac- • find out who exactly in the community is being served Whenever natural disasters happen, the most seri- ity Assessments. This helps make sure the most vul- • design programming to better serve the community, especially ously affected are mainly elderly people, children, nerable people are really made visible, really partic- vulnerable people some women, and people with disabilities ipate, and are really reached by programmes. VCAs • actively improve gender and diversity composition at like this are being implemented all over Vietnam all levels of the organisation, and reduce inequality Pham Thanh Hái lives in Nam Son Village. He recalled with support from International Red Cross and Red • demonstrate that they put a high level of importance on that the water levels were very high in the 2007 flood, Crescent Movement partners . gender equity and equality, and respect for diversity. flowing violently and rapidly, damaging houses and threatening people’s lives. He is a person with a dis- Explicitly addressing vulnerable groups in a VCA is Collecting and processing disaggregated data can seem like a big chal- ability, however he does not see himself as a disa- one way to make sure that the most vulnerable peo- lenge. On page 12 we saw how the new Technical Note on Counting bled person, especially in times of disaster, when ple are visible, not hidden. It goes hand-in-hand with People Reached is helping National Societies with this task. he wants to support his community and himself. collecting disaggregated data for the FDRS.

Any humanitarian assistance must be sensitive to gender, age and other socio-economic “ considerations, as well as being proportionate to the magnitude of the situation. Assistance must be provided first to the most vulnerable people and delivered in a way that respects their dignity. 20

Disaggregated data can help individual National Societies in their work. But it can be really useful in global comparison too.” In the next sections we will look at the stories told by the disaggregated FDRS data globally.

Reaching affected people by boat by Viet Nam Red Cross 20 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Strategy 2020, © Vietnam Red Cross p.13 (2010). staff in Nghe An province.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 BREAKING DOWN THE DATA BY SEX, AGE AND OTHER FACTORS – WHAT DOES IT TELL US 57

Table 10 shows how useful it can be to break data down Women and men: same or different? by sex. It tells a lot of stories. For example:

• More women than men volunteer globally – but Sex-disaggregated data was included in the FDRS right from the start, as described on page 22. the difference is not so strong in the Americas. • There are nearly twice as many female as male Table 10: National Societies achievements in 2016, per cent of women staff globally – but the picture is reversed in Africa and Middle East and North Africa. AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA EUROPE AND MIDDLE EAST GRAND • Globally, far more men than women give PACIFIC CENTRAL ASIA AND NORTH TOTAL blood, though the difference is not so AFRICA strong in Africa and the Americas. People Volunteering 55+45A 52+48A 56+44A 57+43A 55+45A 56+ 44A 55% 52% 56% 57% 55% 56%

Paid Staff 34+66A 50+50A 67+33A 70+30A 45+55A 65+35A 34% 50% 67% 70% 45% 65%

Blood Donors 37+63A 41+59A 28+72A 27+73A 32+68A 28+72A 37% 41% 28% 27% 32% 28% +65% of People Trained in First Aid 46+54A 49+51A 40+60A 50+50A 53+47A 48+52A paid staff are 46% 49% 40% 50% 53% 48% 65+35A women People Reached by Disaster Response and Early Recovery 49+51A 58+42A 44+56A 56+44A 43+57A 47+53A 49% 58% 44% 56% 43% 47%

People Reached by Long Term Services and Programme Development 54+46A 57+43A 48+52A 58+42A 52+48A 53+47A 54% 57% 48% 58% 52% 53%

More women than men volunteer Note: this data differs from Table 2, page 18 because it is based only on those globally, and there are nearly twice National Societies which provided sex-disaggregated data. as many female as male staff.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 58 BREAKING DOWN THE DATA BY SEX, AGE AND OTHER FACTORS – WHAT DOES IT TELL US

Table 11: National Societies achievements in 2016, disaggregated by age

Old and young: AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA EUROPE AND MIDDLE EAST AND GRAND same or different? PACIFIC CENTRAL ASIA NORTH AFRICA TOTAL Over 80 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% +1 +0 +0 +0 +0 +1 70 to 79 3% 5% 2% 1% 0% 2% +3 +5 +2 +1 +0 +2 60 to 69 5% 14% 3% 4% 10% 4% +5 +14 +3 +4 +10 +4 National Societies started reporting age‑disaggregated data 50 to 59 5% 37% 20% 9% 20% 12% +37 +20 +9 +20 +12 to the FDRS in 2016, see Table 6, page 23. 18 to 49 49% 31% 51% 42% 30% 49% +49+5 +31 +51 +42 +30 +49 People Reached 13 to 17 13% 6% 6% 23% 20% 11% +13 +6 +6 +23 +20 +11 6 to 12 15% 4% 13% 20% 10% 14% +15 +4 +13 +20 +10 +14 Table 11 displays this information. 0 to 5 9% 1% 5% 0% 10% 7% 9 1 5 0 10 7 • Globally, National Societies reach people of all Over 80 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% age groups – but there are some big differences +0 +1 +0 +0 +0 +0 70 to 79 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 between Regions, with National Societies in the 60 to 69 5% 3% 4% 9% 4% 5% +5 +3 +4 +9 +4 +5 50 to 59 10% 33% 5% 13% 10% 10%

Americas having a special focus on people aged +10 +33 +5 +13 +10 +10 18 to 49 74% 56% 16% 67% 55% 48% 50-59, whereas Europe and Central Asia, as well as +74 +56 +16 +67 +55 +48 13 to 17 8% 4% 66% 8% 19% 31% +8 +4 +66 +8 +19 +31 Africa, have a relatively stronger focus on under 18s. People Volunteering 6 to 12 2% 1% 8% 1% 11% 5%

• People of all ages volunteer, including 0+2 0+1 0+8 0+1 0+11 0+5 people under 12 and over 70. Over 80 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% • In Asia Pacific, well over half of all +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 70 to 79 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% +0 +1 +0 +0 +1 +0 volunteers are aged 13-17. 60 to 69 1% 14% 2% 7% 3% 6% +1 +14 +2 +7 +3 +6 Paid Staff 50 to 59 13% 30% 18% 29% 18% 24%

• In Africa, around one in five blood donors +13 +30 +18 +29 +18 +24 18 to 49 86% 55% 80% 64% 78% 70% are under 18, whereas in Asia Pacific, +55 +64 +78 +70 very nearly half are aged 50-59. + 0+86 +0 0+80 0+ 0+0 0+0 0+0

Over 80 0% 0+0 0% 0+0 0% 0+ 0% 0+ 0% 0+ 0% 0+ +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 70 to 79 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 60 to 69 1% 2% 6% 3% 0% 3% +1 +2 +6 +3 +0 +3 50 to 59 11% 8% 44% 12% 0% 15% +11 +8 +44 +12 +0 +15 Blood Donors 18 to 49 69% 89% 50% 85% 100% 82% +69 +89 +50 +85 +100 +82 13 to 17 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0+20 0+0 0+0 0+0 0+0 0+0 0+ 0+ 0+ 0+ 0+ 0+

Over 80 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 % 70 to 79 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% +50 +0 +0 +1 +0 +0 +0 60 to 69 5% 2% 5% 0% 0% 2% +5 +2 +5 +0 +0 +2 50 to 59 9% 8% 19% 8% 6% 9% +9 50+50A +9 +8 +19 +8 +6 18 to 49 59% 74% 64% 66% 40% 68% +59 +74 +64 +66 +40 +68 13 to 17 24% 12% 6% 16% 18% 13% +24 +12 +6 +16 +18 +13 6 to 12 3% 4% 5% 10% 35% 7% 0+3 0+4 0+5 0+10 0+35 0+7

People of all ages volunteer, including in First Aid People Trained people under 12 and over 70; in Asia Pacific, well over half of all National Note: this data differs from Table 2, page 18, because it is based only on those Society volunteers are aged 13-17. National Societies which provided age‑disaggregated data.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 BREAKING DOWN THE DATA BY SEX, AGE AND OTHER FACTORS – WHAT DOES IT TELL US 59

to deliver some messaging. With proper analytics to cap- People reached by ture the number of viewer or downloads, National Societies can count them as indirect people reached. National Societies: direct Many National Societies have created applications (apps) and indirect contact for smartphones (such as The South African Red Cross Society, Croatian Red Cross, Ethiopian Red Cross Society, Lebanese Red Cross, Kuwait Red Crescent Society, British If someone listens to a National Society Red Cross, Turkish Red Crescent Society, Kenya Red Cross radio jingle about epidemics, should Society, American Red Cross, The Canadian Red Cross “ they be counted in the ‘number of people Society, Indian Red Cross Society, Malaysian Red Crescent reached’ by that National Society? Society and many others). Community members can go onto their mobile device app store and download the app. National Societies have been reporting the number of peo- The type of information provided varies from app to app. ple reached by their programmes and services to FDRS” since Some common subjects are first aid, memberships, vol- 2012. But this is a particularly difficult number to define unteering, blood donations, disaster risks and the type of and report. If someone listens to a National Society radio services that are being provided by the National Societies jingle about epidemics, have they been “reached”? FDRS (health, social care, water and sanitation for example). has now started to distinguish 21 between people reached directly and people reached indirectly. This is crucial as numbers of people reached directly are nearly always more reliable: “indirect” data is heavily dependent on estimates. Breaking down the National Societies are now asked to separate their data on people reached directly and indirectly when reporting, data in other ways to allow readers to fully understand the information and make good decisions based on it. National Societies input disaggregated data into the FDRS Some programmes don’t have direct data, such as when on a yearly basis. Many National Societies disaggregate by National Societies use technological tools like social media additional criteria such as disability, ethnicity, migrant sta- for awareness raising. For example, in recent years, almost tus, income source, location, household information and all National Societies have turned to Facebook and YouTube other programme-specific information. The FDRS team encourages this and recommends using the Washington Group Short Set of Questions in emergency programming 21 The Technical Note on Counting People Reached defines people directly reached as “People directly reached (also known as “direct to disaggregate data by disability. recipients”) by IFRC Network services are countable service recipients by a Federation Network provider (or affiliate) present at the service delivery point. People indirectly reached (also known as The FDRS team is working on integrating more of these «indirect recipients”) by IFRC Network services are estimate counts additional indicators into the FDRS in the future. of service recipients when a IFRC Network provider (or affiliate) is 12 year old Hortência Fundane, who was abandoned by her not present at the service delivery point to verify service delivery. parents and lives with her grandmother, registers for a “Delivery point” refers to a location where a IFRC Network provider Red Cross food distribution in Mabalane district, Mozambique. is physically present to record delivery of services provided directly to people. © Aurélie Marrier d’Unienville/IFRC

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 60 HOW SHOULD THE FDRS CHANGE IN THE FUTURE 8. How should the FDRS change in the future? In this concluding section, we make some suggestions for the future development of the FDRS and National Society data collection.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 HOW SHOULD THE FDRS CHANGE IN THE FUTURE 61

For reliable data on “people reached by National Societies”, the FDRS distin- Could National Societies that have trouble of this data in the FDRS. Should the standard guishes between people reached directly (face-to-face) and indirectly. But how reporting on all the FDRS indicators benefit from FDRS “sex” category be extended in the future will this work in the future if more and more services are provided “virtually”? some extra support to data literacy overall, on to a “gender” category which has “other” as a data collection or consolidation, or technology third option? development? Ecuadorian Red Cross: The tools to improve data quality already exist What other indicators could be added to the FDRS Many National Societies such as the British Red to make the data even more useful? In 16 April 2016, Ecuador suffered a 7.8 magnitude earthquake that caused Cross, have developed smartphone apps which devastation in the northern region of the country. As many as 673 peo- allow them to more easily register volunteers Should the FDRS web application provide more ple died, 20,849 people were injured and 30,223 people were left homeless. and/or members. Should these interface with sophisticated ways to analyse the data? The Ecuadorian Red Cross deployed hundreds of search and rescue volun- FDRS, and if so, how? teers trained in Open Data Kit (ODK), an open-source set of tools, that uses What can the FDRS team do to encourage and Android phones to collect data such as text, numeric data, Global Position- Can social media, smartphone apps, or other facilitate the use of the data by researchers based ing System (GPS), photo, video, barcodes and audio, which is submitted in technologies help National Societies capture data in National Societies or universities? real time to an online server. The use of ODK allowed volunteers to survey even from non-affiliated volunteers who partic- affected families in the field and provide appropriate help as well as car- ipate in National Society activities, making vol- The current FDRS data collection process pro- rying out follow up surveys. It also makes for faster, cleaner and more effi- unteer data more future-proof? vides nationally consolidated data. Would it be cient data collection. Volunteers – traditional and spontaneous – can learn useful to drill down one or more levels and have how to use the tools quickly. Can mobile data capture help provide real- In some countries, there are data regulations that same data per local unit? This would mean time data for FDRS? Could it also help track the activities of spontane- in place or soon to be implemented 22. How will knowing where each local unit is located (GPS ous volunteers? these regulations affect how National Societies coordinates), what are its resources, what types can collect and store data on individuals? of services are provided, and how many people are reached. The standard categories for people reached in FDRS do not currently include options for sex During the 2017 General Assembly, National beyond male/female. This is because the great Societies committed to ensure that the actions majority of National Societies do not currently of the IFRC network are non-discriminatory and collect data beyond these two categories and promote gender equality, in particular in the gov- because the use of additional categories can be erning bodies of the IFRC 23. Can the FDRS data complex. However, National Societies are encour- collection process support the monitoring of this aged to further disaggregate their data by other decision? Can National Societies report the com- sex and/or other gender categories where they position of their governing bodies to the FDRS? are able to do so. This is a step towards inclusion Members of the Ecuatorian Red Cross (Cruz Roja 22 For instance, the European Union General Data Ecuatoriana) Protection Regulation (GDPR) – which comes into register kids using effect in May 2018 – replaces the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC and was designed to harmo- the ODK tool in nize data privacy laws across Europe, to protect and schools of the empower all European Union citizens data privacy and Pedernales and © Vladimir Rodas/Cruz Roja Ecuatoriana to reshape the way organisations across the region Jama sectors. approach data privacy (https://www.eugdpr.org/). 23 General Assembly 2017, decision number GA/17/25

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 62 HOW SHOULD THE FDRS CHANGE IN THE FUTURE

Leaving no one behind: IFRC’s 2018 World Disasters Report

The upcoming World Disasters Report, due to be launched in September 2018, aims to explore the theme of “leaving no one behind in humanitarian response”. How do we identify groups who are left behind and perhaps have not been identified in the past? This is a big challenge for data collection and analysis, and a big challenge for FDRS.

The concept of “leaving no one behind” is a key theme underlying the Agenda for Sus- tainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), agreed in 2015. Recognising that previous development gains had not been equally shared, the Agenda calls for the SDGs to be “met for all nations and peoples and for all segments of society” and to “reach the furthest behind first.” IFRC seeks to delve deeper into the question of who is being left behind by the humanitarian sector specifically. The report will identify common factors leading to groups being left behind, such as geograph- ical remoteness, individuals and groups who are not registered or mapped, groups that are unable to access assistance or receive the information they need, particular crises not being of geopolitical importance and therefore receiving inadequate funding, marginalised ethnic or political or other minorities, etc.

The report also plans to look at trends in disasters and disaster response over the last decade, analysing what types of disasters are occurring and how has this changed, as well as looking at regions, category and scale.

The report will use both internal and external sources – Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Index for Risk Management, World Health Organisation, Health Observatory etc, supplementing and cross-checking this with our own data from FDRS, the IFRC GO Platform (source of the data for IFRC operations), and National Soci- ety annual reports. Collecting reliable, comprehensive and disaggregated data from FDRS and other platforms is really important in helping answer these questions.

IFRC data, such as FDRS, will improve our understanding of the countless smaller crises that are dealt with nationally, don’t lead to DREF allocations or UN appeals and rarely make the headlines, but which collectively result in significant disaster affected populations.

Finally, the report will share IFRC insights and lessons learned around anticipation and early action, preparedness and resilience, as well as looking at relevant innova- A Red Cross volunteer delivers water, sanitation and hygiene promotion tions in the fields of data and technology. activities in the village of Gnambouasso, Ivory Coast. © Remo Naegeli

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 63 9. Acknowledgements

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 64 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies thanks all the 190 National Societies for shar- To provide feedback and for more information on this ing their 2012-2016 key indicators to the Federation-wide databank and reporting system. publication, or the FDRS, please contact:

We are very grateful for the feedback and support from everyone participating in the report and especially to: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Project manager: Rania Alerksoussi Route de Pré-Bois 1, Lead writer and statistician: Stephen Powell CH-1214 Vernier, Switzerland

Quantitative research: Astrid Legaye, Olta Ndoja, Stephen Powell Telephone: +41 22 730 4222 Telefax: +41 22 733 0395 Qualitative research: Rania Alerksoussi, Mei Lin Leon, Amritpall Singh, E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.ifrc.org Contributions and reviews: Fiona Gatere, Josse Gillijns, Priscila Gonzalez, Nadine Haddad, Kirsten Hagon, Shaun Hazeldine, Heather Marie Leson, Jemilah Mahmood, Rober Ondrusek, Dorottya Patko, Gabriel Pictet, Please attribute data used in the following format: Clarence Kwang Wei Sim International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies: 2012-2016 National Society data submitted Data collection and quality assurance: Karen Badalyan, Kathleen Chiappetta, Sanae Karmass, Elham Khazaei, through the FDRS. Yeonjoo La, Astrid Legaye, Mei Lin Leon, Chenhao Liu, Nekruz Mamadalizoda, Lena Mininberg, Olta Ndoja, Shane O’Connor, Camila Perera Aladro, Christina Poiata, Melissa Polick Schira, Beatrice Scarioni, Amritpall Singh, Akima Sebbane, Irma Sirutyte, Diana Iulia Somogyi, Julia Sorbi, National Society FDRS Focal Points and IFRC staff in regional and country offices

FDRS website application: Lapidus Interactive

FDRS backend maintenance: Szabolcs Gajer, Istvan Kocsis, Elvire Serres

Design and layout: Yann le Floc’h, Samuel Saad

Copyediting: Alison Freebairn

Translation: Mario Escribano, Florence Marot, Tareq Rizk

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 DATA SOURCES AND REFERENCES 65 10. Data Sources and References

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018 66 DATA SOURCES AND REFERENCES

mexico/spontaneous-volunteers-inspire-red-cross-ac- Data Sources tion-in-mexico-63387/

IFRC. (2010). Fiji Red Cross – Headquarters. Effective man- IFRC FDRS database. (2016) International Federation of Red agement of spontaneous volunteers during disasters. [online] Cross and Red Crescent Societies: 2012-2016 National Society Available at: https://fednet.ifrc.org/en/resources/ data submitted through the FDRS. [Online]. Available at: youth-and-volunteering/volunteering/resources/ http://data.ifrc.org/fdrs/data-download volunteering-solutions-bank/

IFRC GO Platform (2016). Source of the data for the IFRC IFRC. (2015). Global Review on Volunteering Report [online] operations. Available at: http://www.ifrc.org/Global/Publications/ volunteers/1301100-Global-Review-on-Volunteering-Re- Charity Aid Foundation (2017). CAF World Giving Index port_EN.pdf 2017. A Global View of Giving Trends. [Online] Available at: https://www.cafonline.org/docs/default-source/ Cruz Roja Argentina. (2014). Memoria 2013. [online] about-us-publications/cafworldgivingindex2017_2167a_ Available at: http://data-api.ifrc.org/documents/AR/AR_ web_210917.pdf?sfvrsn=ed1dac40_10 Argentina_2013_Spanish.pdf

The World Bank, World Development Indicators (2017). O. NDOJA. (2017). The Macro-Determinants of Red Cross & GDP (Current $), Population (Total), Poverty headcount ratio Red Crescent Volunteers: Cross-Country Panel Data Analysis. at national poverty lines (% of population) Atlas method [Online]. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indi- UNHCR. (2018). UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response. cator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD [online] UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response. [online] Available at: http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefu- UNDP, Human Development Index (2015). [Online]. gees/regional.php Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 IFRC (2010). Strategy 2020 Saving Lives Changing Minds.

EU GDPR Portal. (2018). Home Page of EU GDPR. [online] References Available at: https://www.eugdpr.org/eugdpr.org.html

IFRC. (2017). E Decision Sheet GA 2017. GA/17/25. p.9-10. IFRC (2012). Volunteering in emergencies. Practical guidelines for Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies managing volunteers in emergency situations. p.11-12.

IFRC. (2013). Spontaneous volunteers inspire the Red Cross action in Mexico. [online] Available at: http:// www.ifrc.org/fr/nouvelles/nouvelles/americas/

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Everyone Counts Report 2018

The Fundamental Principles Humanity The International Red Cross and Red Cres- Independence The Movement is independent. The Na- cent Movement, born of a desire to bring assistance tional Societies, while auxiliaries in the humanitarian of the International Red Cross without discrimination to the wounded on the battle- services of their governments and subject to the laws and Red Crescent Movement field, endeavours, in its international and national ca- of their respective countries, must always maintain pacity, to prevent and alleviate human suffering wher- their autonomy so that they may be able at all times ever it may be found. Its purpose is to protect life and to act in accordance with the principles of the Move- health and to ensure respect for the human being. It ment. promotes mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace amongst all peoples. Voluntary service It is a voluntary relief movement not prompted in any manner by desire for gain. Impartiality It makes no discrimination as to nation- ality, race, religious beliefs, class or political opinions. Unity There can be only one Red Cross or Red Crescent It endeavours to relieve the suffering of individuals, Society in any one country. It must be open to all. It being guided solely by their needs, and to give priority must carry on its humanitarian work throughout its to the most urgent cases of distress. territory.

Neutrality In order to enjoy the confidence of all, the Universality The International Red Cross and Red Movement may not take sides in hostilities or engage Crescent Movement, in which all societies have equal at any time in controversies of a political, racial, reli- status and share equal responsibilities and duties in gious or ideological nature. helping each other, is worldwide.