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KAILASH CHANDRA1, JAGDISH SAINI2, and DEVANSHU GUPTA3 Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053

INTRODUCTION Records (1864-2019) were thoroughly scrutinised for finalising the species list. The species are listed The bees are the diverse assemblage of stinging with their valid names and their distribution , belonging to superfamily Apoidea of order globally and in Indian states. The global Hymenoptera, which are believed to have evolved distribution of the species follows after Ascher and from flower-visiting by cultivating a habit of Pickering (2019), and Ascher and Gupta (2019). plant-feeding and thereby have abandoned the The classification followed in this chapter is after ancestral carnivorous behaviour of aculeate wasps Michener (2007). (Michener, 2007). Bees are established as A total of 119 species belonging to 32 genera, pollinators of several cultivated and wild crops all 10 subfamilies, and 05 families have been reported over the world. Their most important activity is from the state of Punjab so far (Table 1). The the pollination of flowers and this contribution for maximum species diversity is recorded in the the survival of living beings estimated in the past family (41 species) followed by (Winston and Scott, 1984; Borneck and Merle, Megachilidae (40 species), (27 species), 1989; Robinson et al., 1989; Gill, 1991; Southwick Andrenidae (7 species), and Colletidae (4 species). and Southwick, 1992; Gupta et al., 2011). Table 1. Families, genera and species of superfamily The superfamily Apoidea is subdivided into Apoidea (Hymenoptera), known from seven families namely, Stenotritidae, Colletidae, Punjab state, India. Andrenidae, Halictidae, Melittidae, Megachilidae, and Apidae. The family Stenotritidae is exclusively Families Genera Species found only in the Australian region (Michener, Colletidae 02 04 2007). The total numbers of species recorded globally are 20,355, and about 715 species are Andrenidae 01 07 found in India (Gupta, 2003; Ascher and Pickering, Halictidae 11 27 2019). Megachilidae 08 40 The objective of this chapter is to document the Apidae 10 41 species diversity of superfamily Apoidea (Hymenoptera) from the state of Punjab, India by Total 32 119 consulting published information. Zoological

Email: [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected] 154 Fauna of Punjab, State Fauna Series, 23

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT 1911. Andrena comberiana Cockerell, Trans. American Entomol. Soc., 37: 235. Order HYMENOPTERA Superfamily APOIDEA Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), and North-western India. Elsewhere: Israel, Morocco, Family COLLETIDAE Pakistan, and Spain. Subfamily COLLETINAE Genus Colletes Latreille, 1802 7. Andrena (Melanapis) fuscosa Erichson, 1835 1. Colletes comberi Cockerell, 1911 1835. Andrena fuscosa Erichson, J. Waltl, Reise durch Tyrol, Oberitalien Piemont nach dem südlichen Spanien, 2: 1911. Colletes comberi Cockerell, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 37: 103. 234. Distribution: India: Punjab (Cameron, 1902). Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), Elsewhere: Western Palaearctic. Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. Elsewhere: Austria, and France. 8. Andrena (Melandrena) cussariensis Morawitz, 1886 2. Colletes lacunatus Dours, 1872 1886. Andrena cussariensis Morawitz, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., 20: 1872. Colletes lacunatus Dours, Rev. Mag. Zool., 23: 297. 61. Distribution: India: Gujarat, Punjab (Batra, Distribution: India: Punjab. Elsewhere: 1967; Kuhlmann, 2003), and Rajasthan. Elsewhere: Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Western Palaearctic. Turkey, and Ukraine (Ascher and Pickering, 2018).

3. Colletes minutus Kuhlmann, 2002 9. Andrena (Poecilandrena) leaena Cameron, 1907 1907. Andrena leaena Cameron, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 2002. Colletes minutus Kuhlmann, Linz Biol Beitr., 34: 745. 17: 17. Distribution: India: Punjab (Kuhlmann, 2002). Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1968). Elsewhere: Morocco (Ascher and Pickering, 2019). 10. Andrena (Suandrena) savignyi Spinola, 1838 Subfamily HYLAEINAE 1838. Andrena savignyi Spinola, Ann. Soc. entomol. Fr., 7: Genus Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793 512. 4. Hylaeus feai (Vachal, 1894) Distribution: India: Punjab, and Gujarat 1894. Prosopis feai Vachal, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. (Cameron, 1907; Cameron, 1909; Batra, 1967). Giacomo Doria, 14: 444. Elsewhere: Western Palaearctic. Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967). 11. Andrena (Zonandrena) flavipes Panzer, 1799 Elsewhere: Malaysia and Myanmar. 1799. Andrena flavipes Panzer, Faun. insector. Germ., 64: Family ANDRENIDAE 20. Subfamily ANDRENINAE Distribution: India: Punjab (Cameron, 1909). Genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775 Elsewhere: Asia, Nepal, Europe, North Africa, 5. Andrena (Agandrena) agilissima (Scopoli, 1770) European Russia, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan. 1770. Apis agilissima Scopoli, Ann. Hist. Nat.,: 56. Family HALICTIDAE Distribution: India: Bihar, Delhi, and Punjab Subfamily ROPHITINAE (Makkar et al., 2016). Elsewhere: USA, Europe, Genus Conanthalictus Cockerell, 1901 North Africa, and North East. 12. Conanthalictus conanthi (Cockerell, 1901) 6. Andrena (Chrysandrena) aegyptiaca Friese, 1901. Halictus conanthi Cockerell, Entomol. News, 12: 208. 1899 Distribution: Punjab (Tomar, 2002). Elsewhere: 1899. Andrena aegyptiaca Friese, Ent. Nachr., Berlin, 25: United States of America. 343. CHANDRA et al. | | INSECTA : HYMENOPTERA : APOIDEA (BEES) 155

Genus Systropha Illiger, 1806 Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967). 13. Systropha (Systropha) punjabensis Batra and Elsewhere: Pakistan. Michener, 1966 19. Nomia (Leuconomia) interstitialis Cameron, 1966. Systropha punjabensis Batra and Michener, J. Kans. 1898 Entomol. Soc., 39: 651. 1898. Nomia interstitialis Cameron, Mem. Man. Lit. Phil. Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra and Soc., 42(11): 74. Michener, 1966) and Haryana. Distribution: India: Punjab (Ascher and Subfamily NOMIINAE Pickering, 2019), Uttar Pradesh and Kerala. Genus Lipotriches Gerstaecker, 1858 14. Lipotriches (Austronomia) capitata (Smith, 20. Nomia (Nomia) curvipes (Fabricius, 1793) 1875) 1793. Andrena curvipes Fabricius, Entomol. Syst., II: 473. 1875. Nomia capitata Smith, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London, Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), 4(8): 54. Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), Puducherry, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. Maharashtra, and Karnataka. Elsewhere: Sri Elsewhere: Sri Lanka. Lanka. Genus Pseudapis Kirby, 1900 15. Lipotriches (Rhopalomelissa) exagens 21. Pseudapis (Pseudapis) edentata (Morawitz, (Walker, 1860) 1876)

1860. Andrena exagens Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3(5): 1876. Nomia edentata Morawitz, Izvstiya Imper. Obs. Lyub. 305. Est., Antrop. Etno. Imper. Mosk. Univ., 21(3): 259. Distribution: Punjab (Ascher and Pickering, Distribution: India: Punjab (Ascher and 2019), Rajasthan, Goa, Tamil Nadu, and Odisha. Pickering, 2019), and Telangana. Elsewhere: Elsewhere: Sri Lanka. Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Genus Nomia Latreille, 1804 Arabia, Turkey, and Uzbekistan. 16. Nomia (Gnathonomia) aurata Bingham, 1897 22. Pseudapis (Pseudapis) oxybeloides (Smith, 1897. Nomia aurata Bingham, Faun. British India, Hym., I: 1875) 458. 1875. Nomia oxybeloides Smith, Trans. Entomo. Soc. London, Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), 4(8): 42. Uttarakhand, and Tamil Nadu. Elsewhere: Laos, Distribution: India: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Malaysia, and Myanmar. Madhya Pradesh, Punjab (Bingham, 1897; Batra, 17. Nomia (Gnathonomia) thoracica Smith, 1875 1967), Puducherry, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. Elsewhere: Bangladesh, Pakistan, 1875. Nomia thoracica Smith, Trans. Entomol. Soc., London, 4(8): 45. and Sri Lanka. Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), Genus Steganomus Ritsema, 1873 Kerala, West Bengal, and Tamil Nadu. Elsewhere: 23. Steganomus bipunctatus (Fabricius, 1804) South East Asia. 1804. Nomada bipunctata Fabricius, Syst. Piez.,: 392. 18. Nomia (Hoplonomia) callichlora Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), West Cockerell, 1911 Bengal and Tamil Nadu. Elsewhere: Pakistan, and 1911. Nomia callichlora Cockerell, Trans. American Sri Lanka. Entomol. Soc., 37: 219. 156 Fauna of Punjab, State Fauna Series, 23

Subfamily NOMIOIDINAE 29. Halictus (Seladonia) subauratoides Genus Ceylalictus Strand, 1913 Blüthgen, 1926 24. Ceylalictus (Ceylalictus) 1926. Halictus subauratoides Bluthgen, Konowia, 3: 680. punjabensis (Cameron, 1907) Distribution: India: Meghalaya, Punjab (Ascher 1907. Ceratina punjabensis Cameron, J. Bombay nat. Hist. and Pickering, 2019), Sikkim, Uttarakhand and Soc., 17: 1003. Uttar Pradesh. Elsewhere: Nepal and Iran. Distribution: India: Punjab (Cameron, 1907). 30. Halictus (Seladonia) vicinus Vachal, 1894 Elsewhere: Arabian Peninsula, Cape Verde Islands, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, North 1894. Halictus vicinus Vachal, 1894: Ann. Mus. Civ Stor. Nat. Africa, Niger Senegal, southern Iran, southern Genova, 14(2a): 431. Afghanistan and Pakistan. Distribution: India: Karnataka, Kerala, 25. Ceylalictus (Ceylalictus) variegatus (Olivier, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Punjab (Ascher and 1789) Pickering, 2019), Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Elsewhere. Nepal and 1789. Andrena variegata Olivier, Encycl. méthod. Hist. Nat. T. Myanmar. 4, Insectes: 139. Genus Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833 Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), 31. Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) albescens Rajasthan and Gujarat. Elsewhere: Austria, (Smith, 1853) Burkina, Cameroon, China, Faso, Gambia, Kenya, Mongolia, North Africa, Pakistan and Senegal. 1853. Halictus albescens Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., I: 61. Distribution: India: Assam, Himachal Pradesh, 26. Ceylalictus cereus (Nurse, 1901) Maharashtra, Sikkim, Punjab (Batra, 1967), 1901. Ceratina cerea Nurse, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 70(2):152. Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), Elsewhere: Germany, Nepal, Sri Lanka and South Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Odisha. Elsewhere: Sri East Asia. Lanka. 32. Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) Genus Nomioides Schenck, 1867 cavernifrons (Blüthgen, 1926) 27. Nomioides minutissimus (Rossi, 1790) 1926. Halictus cavernifrons Blüthgen: 658.

1790. Apis minutissima Rossi: 109. Distribution: India: Punjab (Blüthgen, 1926). Elsewhere: Iran. Distribution: India: Punjab (Ludhiana; Batra, 1967). Elsewhere: Palearctic Region and 33. Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) clarum (Nurse, Afrotropical Regions. 1901)

Subfamily HALICTINAE 1901. Halictus clarus Nurse, J. Asia. Soct. Bengal, 70(2): 147. Genus Halictus Latreille, 1804 Distribution: India: Gujarat and Punjab (Batra, 28. Halictus (Seladonia) lucidipennis Smith, 1967). Elsewhere: Sri Lanka. 1853 34. Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) vagans 1853. Halictus lucidipennis Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., I: (Smith, 1857) 62. 1857. Halictus vagans Smith, 1857 J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Distribution: India: Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, London, 2(6): 42. Maharashtra, Punjab (Batra, 1967), Tamil Nadu Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), and West Bengal. Elsewhere: Afghanistan, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand Elsewhere. Nepal, Western Palaearctic and South and Turkmenistan. East Asia. CHANDRA et al. | | INSECTA : HYMENOPTERA : APOIDEA (BEES) 157

35. Lasioglossum (Dialictus) krishna (Nurse, 1901) Distribution: India: Punjab (Gupta, 1993). 1901. Halictus krishna Nurse, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 70(2): Elsewhere: China, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. 146. 41. Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) cuneatus Smith, 1875 Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), 1875. Coelioxys cuneatus Smith, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Elsewhere: 4(8): 49. Bhutan and Nepal. Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh, 36. Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) Punjab (Batra, 1967) and West Bengal. epipygiale (Blüthgen, 1924) Elsewhere: Indonesia, Laos and Myanmar.

1924. Halictus epipygialis Blüthgen, Konowia, 3: 268. 42. Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) haemorrhoa Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967; Ebmer, Förster, 1853 1995) and Uttarakhand. Elsewhere. Afghanistan, 1853. Coelioxys haemorrhoa Förster, Verh. Nat. Ver. Preuss. Azerbaijan, Iran, Israel, Pakistan, Turkey and Rheinland, 10: 285. Nepal. Distribution: India: Gujarat and Punjab Genus Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 (Batra, 1967). Elsewhere: Palaearctic Region. 37. Sphecodes abuensis Nurse, 1903 43. Coelioxys (Liothyrapis) decipiens Spinola, 1838 1903. Sphecodes abuensis Nurse, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 11: 549. 1838. Coelioxys decipiens Spinola, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, VII: 532. Distribution: India: Karnataka, Punjab (Ascher and Pickering, 2019) and Rajasthan. Distribution: India: Punjab (Gupta, 1993). Elsewhere: Palaearctic region up to USA. 38. Sphecodes crassicornis Smith, 1879 44. Coelioxys apicata Smith, 1854 1879. Sphecodes crassicornis Smith, Descr. New Sp. Hym. Br. Mus.,: 28. 1854. Coelioxys apicata Smith, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus., II: 267. Distribution: India: Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), Punjab (Batra, 1967). Elsewhere: Japan and Sri Karnataka and West Bengal. Elsewhere: South Lanka. Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Zimbabwe. Family MEGACHILIDAE 45. Coelioxys guptai Schwarz, 1999

Subfamily MEGACHILINAE 1999. Coelioxys guptai Schwarz, Entomof., 20: 159. Genus Anthidium Fabricius, 1805 Distribution: India: Pathankot Punjab (Gupta, 39. Anthidium (Anthidium) cingulatum 1993) and Rajasthan. Latreille, 1809 Genus Eoanthidium Popov, 1950 1809. Anthidium cingulatum Latreille, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 13: 43. 46. Eoanthidium (Hemidiellum) punjabense Gupta and Sharma, 1993 Distribution: India: Punjab (Bingham, 1897) and Uttarakhand. Elsewhere: Palaearctic Region. 1993. Eoanthidium (Hemidiellum) punjabensis Gupta and Sharma: 37. Genus Coelioxys Latreille, 1809 Distribution: India: Punjab (Gupta, 1993). 40. Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) capitata Smith, 1854 Genus Euaspis Gerstaecker, 1857 1854. Coelioxys capitatus Smith, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus., II: 47. Euaspis carbonaria (Smith, 1854) 267. 1854. Stelis carbonaria Smith, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus., II: 275. 158 Fauna of Punjab, State Fauna Series, 23

Distribution: India: Gujarat, Haryana, 54. Lithurgus taprobanae (Cameron, 1904) Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab 1904. Lithurge taprobanae Cameron, Invert. Pacif., 1: 46. (Gupta, 1993), Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Elsewhere: Myanmar, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Distribution: India: Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab (Batra, 1967; Gupta, 1993) and Genus Hoplitis Klug, 1807 Uttarakhand. 48. Hoplitis (Alcidamea) freygessneri (Friese, 1899) Genus Megachile Latreille, 1802 1899. Osmia freygessneri Friese, Entomol. Nach., : 26. 55. Megachile (Callomegachile) cephalotes Distribution: India: Punjab (Gupta, 1993). Smith, 1853 Elsewhere: Northern Africa. 1853. Chalicodoma cephalotes Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., I: 49. Hoplitis (Anthocopa) rubricrus (Friese, 179. 1899) Distribution: India: Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Punjab (Batra, 1967; Gupta, 1993), 1899. Osmia rubricrus Friese, Entomol Nach.,: 25. Uttarakhand and Tamil Nadu. Elsewhere: Pakistan. Distribution: India: Punjab (Gupta, 1993) and Gujarat. Elsewhere: Northern Asia and South 56. Megachile (Callomegachile) disjuncta Western Asia. (Fabricius, 1781)

50. Hoplitis (Anthocopa) saundersi (Vachal, 1891) 1781. Apis disjuncta Fabricius, Ape. ., I: 481. Distribution: India: Haryana, Maharashtra, 1891. Osmia saundersi Vachal, Rev. d’Entom., X: 66. Punjab (Chandigarh, Ludhiana; Batra, 1967; Distribution: India: Punjab (Gupta, 1993). Gupta, 1993), Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand. Elsewhere: Northern Africa and South-western Elsewhere: China, Madagascar and South East Asia. Asia. 57. Megachile (Callomegachile) umbripennis 51. Hoplitis (Pentadentosmia) karakalensis Smith, 1853 (Popov, 1936) 1853. Megachile umbripennis Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., I: 1936. Osmia karakalensis Popov, Fest. Stra., 1: 596. 175. Distribution: India: Punjab (Gupta, 1993). Distribution: India: Maharashtra, Punjab Elsewhere: Northern Asia and South Western (Gupta, 1993), Sikkim and Tamil Nadu. Asia. 58. Megachile (Eurymella) rufibasalis Simlote, 52. Hoplitis (s. lato) himachali (Gupta, 1991) Sharma and Gupta, 1993

1991. Robertsonella himachalii Gupta, Reichen., 28: 173. 1993. Megachile rufibasalis Simlote, Sharma and Gupta, 1993: 199. Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh and Punjab (Gupta, 1993). Distribution: India: Punjab (Gupta, 1993).

Genus Lithurgus Berthold, 1827 59. Megachile (Eutricharaea) peniculata 53. Lithurgus atratus Smith, 1853 Gupta, 1988

1853. Lithurgus atratus Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., I: 145. 1988. Megachile peniculatum Gupta, Reich., 26: 65. Distribution: India: Karnataka, Punjab (Batra, Distribution: India: Punjab (Gupta, 1988). 1967; Gupta, 1993), Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, 60. Megachile (Eutricharaea) gathela Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Elsewhere: Cameron, 1908 Australian Region, China, Nepal and South East Asia. 1908. Megachile gathela Cameron, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 8: 150. CHANDRA et al. | | INSECTA : HYMENOPTERA : APOIDEA (BEES) 159

Distribution: India: Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal 67. Megachile coelioxysides Bingham, 1898 Pradesh, Punjab (Gupta, 1993) Rajasthan. 1898. Megachile (Eutricharaea) coelioxysides Bingham, J. Elsewhere: Thailand. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 12: 126. 61. Megachile (Eutricharaea) hera Bingham, 1897 Distribution: India: Gujarat and Punjab (Batra, 1967; Gupta, 1993). 1897. Megachile hera Bingham, Faun. British India, Hym., I: 489. 68. Megachile femoratella Cockerell, 1918 Distribution: India: Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, 1918. Megachile femoratella Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Punjab (Gupta, 1993) and Rajasthan. Elsewhere: Hist., 9(1):160. Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Distribution: India: Haryana, Himachal 62. Megachile (Pseudomegachile) creusa Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan Punjab (Batra, Bingham, 1898 1967; Gupta, 1993) and West Bengal. Elsewhere: Pakistan. 1898. Megachile (Pseudomegachile) creusa Bingham, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 12: 125 69. Megachile ferozeporensis Cameron, 1909 Distribution: India: Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab 1909. Megachile ferozeporensis Cameron, J. Bombay nat. (Gupta, 1993) and Rajasthan. Hist. Soc., 19: 133. Distribution: India: Punjab (Cameron, 1909). 63. Megachile (Pseudomegachile) flavipes Spinola, 1838 70. Megachile obtusata Cameron, 1909 1838. Megachile flavipes Spinola, Ann. Soc. Entomol., 1909. Megachile obtusata Cameron, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitsch., : France, 7: 527. 51. Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967). Distribution: India: Punjab (Cameron, 1909). Elsewhere: Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, Greece, Israel, Mauritania and Turkey. 71. Megachile semireticulata Cameron, 1909 1909. Megachile semireticulata Cameron, J. Bombay nat. 64. Megachile (Pseudomegachile) lanata Hist. Soc., 19: 132. (Fabricius, 1775) Distribution: India: Punjab (Cameron, 1909). 1775. Apis lanata Fabricius, Syst. Ent.,: 385. 72. Megachile subfusca Cameron, 1908 Distribution: India: Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, 1908. Megachile subfuscus Cameron, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab (Gupta, 1993) and 19: 652. Rajasthan. Elsewhere: China, Myanmar, Pakistan and Thailand. Distribution: India: Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, (Gupta, 1993) and 65. Megachile (Xanthosarus) anthracina Smith, Rajasthan. 1853 73. Megachile tetradenta (Gupta, 1988) 1853. Cressoniella anthracina Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., I: 175. 1988. Eumegachile tetradenta Gupta, Reichenb., 26: 71. Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), Tamil Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh, Punjab Nadu and Uttarakhand. (Gupta, 1993) and Rajasthan.

66. Megachile arcuata Cockerell, 1919 74. Megachile vera Nurse, 1901 1901. Megachile (Eutricharaea) vera Nurse, J. Asiat. Soc. 1919. Megachile arcuata Cockerell, Proc. United State Natl. Bengal, 70(2): 150. Mus., 55: 213. Distribution: India: Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab Distribution: India: Punjab (Cockerell, 1919). (Batra, 1967; Gupta, 1993) and Rajasthan. 160 Fauna of Punjab, State Fauna Series, 23

Genus Osmia Panzer, 1806 Distribution: India: Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, 75. Osmia (Helicosmia) adae Bingham, 1897 Karnataka, New Delhi, Punjab (Reyes, 1991), Tamil Nadu, Western Ghats and Uttar Pradesh. 1897. Osmia adae Bingham, Fauna Br. India, Hym., I: 468. Elsewhere: Malaysia, Nepal and Thailand. Distribution: India: Punjab (Gupta, 1993). Elsewhere: Nepal. Genus Ceratina Latreille, 1802 82. Ceratina (Neoceratina) propinqua Cameron, 76. Osmia (Helicosmia) fasciata Latreille, 1811 1897

1811. Osmia fasciata Latreille, Enc. Mét. Hist. Nat., : 583. 1897. Ceratina propinqua Cameron, Mem. Proc. Man. Lit. Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967; Gupta, Phil. Soc., 41(2): 137. 1993). Elsewhere: Afghanistan, Iran, Israel Pakistan Distribution: India: Punjab (Ascher and and Tajikistan. Pickering, 2019).

77. Osmia (Helicosmia) sponsa Nurse, 1904 83. Ceratina binghami Cockerell, 1908 1904. Osmia sponsa Nurse, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 15: 1908. Ceratina binghami Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 573. 1(8): 340. Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967). Distribution: India: Karnataka, Maharashtra, Elsewhere: Northern Asia and South Western Asia. Punjab (Bingham, 1897; Batra 1967), Uttarakhand 78. Osmia (Osmia) fedtschenkoi Morawitz, 1875 and West Bengal. Elsewhere: Nepal and Sri Lanka.

1875. Osmia fedtschenkoi Morawitz, Travel to Turkestan by Genus Xylocopa Latreille, 1802 A. P. Fedtschenko: 81. 84. Xylocopa (Biluna) auripennis iridipennis Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh and Lepeletier, 1841 Punjab (Gupta, 1993). Elsewhere: Romania, Pakistan Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. 1841. Xylocopa auripennis iridipennis Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hymen., II: 188. Family APIDAE Distribution: India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Subfamily XYLOCOPINAE Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Punjab (Gupta and Genus Braunsapis Michener, 1969 Yanega, 2003), Maharashtra, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, 79. Braunsapis mixta (Smith, 1852) Uttarakhand and West Bengal. Elsewhere: 1852. Prosopis mixtus Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 2(9): 50. Indonesia, Lebanon, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), New Sri Lanka, Singapore and Thailand (Ascher and Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Gujarat, Gupta, 2019). Maharashtra, Goa and Tamil Nadu. Elsewhere: 85. Xylocopa (Biluna) nasalis Westwood, 1838 Pakistan. 1838. Xylocopa nasalis Westwood, Nat. Hist. Insects India 80. Braunsapis picitarsis (Cameron, 1902) (2nd edit.): 92. 1902. Allodape picitarsis Cameron, Archip., 1(1): 60. Distribution: India: Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Distribution: India: Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Maharashtra, New Delhi, Punjab (Reyes, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, 1991), Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand. Elsewhere: Northwest Provinces, Odisha, Punjab (Gupta and Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Yanega, 2003), Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal. Elsewhere: 81. Braunsapis puangensis (Cockerell, 1929) Cambodia, China, Laos, Malaysia and Thailand 1929. Allodape puangensis Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (Ascher and Gupta, 2019). 4(10): 149. CHANDRA et al. | | INSECTA : HYMENOPTERA : APOIDEA (BEES) 161

86. Xylocopa (Ctenoxylocopa) basalis Smith, 1854 91. Xylocopa (Xylocopa) valga Gerstäcker, 1872 1854. Xylocopa basalis Smith, Cat. Hymen. Insects Coll.. 1872. Xylocopa valga Gerstäcker, Entomol. Zeitung. Stettin: Brit. Mus., II: 355. 276 Distribution: India: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Distribution: India: Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab (Batra, 1967) and Rajasthan. Elsewhere: Jammu and Kashmir, N. W. Frontier Province and Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan (Ascher and Gupta, Punjab (Gupta and Yanega, 2003). Elsewhere: 2019). Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, 87. Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) aestuans Czech Republic, Erzincan, Estonia, European (Linnaeus, 1758) Union, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Herzegovina, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, 1758. Apis aestuans Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (10th edit.) I: 570 Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Distribution: India: Odisha and Punjab Macedonia, Moravia, Morocco, Pakistan, Poland, (Bingham, 1897). Elsewhere: Germany, Java, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Lebanon, Malaysia, Minor Outlying Islands, Saudi Slovakia, Slovenia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Arabia, Singapore, Thailand, United Arab Emirates Turkey, Ukraine and Uzbekistan (Ascher and and United States (Ascher and Gupta, 2019). Gupta, 2019). 88. Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) pubescens 92. Xylocopa (Xylocopa) violacea (Linnaeus, 1758) Spinola, 1838 1758. Apis violacea Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10: 578. 1838. Xylocopa pubescens Spinola, Ann. Soc. Ent., France, 7: Distribution: India: Jammu and Kashmir, 518. Himachal Pradesh, N.W. Frontier Province and Distribution: India: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Punjab (Gupta and Yanega, 2003). Elsewhere: Bihar, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Meghalaya, Antigua and Barbuda, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab (Batra, 1967), Azerbaijan, Belgium, Belize, Bosnia and Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Uttarakhand, West Bengal. Elsewhere: Afghanistan, Denmark, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Algeria, Cameroon, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Macedonia, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kenya, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sint Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Maarten, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Senegal, Sudan, Syrian, Tanzania, Turkey, United Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Arab Emirates, West Bank and Yemen (Ascher and Ukraine and United Kingdom (Ascher and Gupta, Gupta, 2019). 2019). 89. Xylocopa (Maaiana) punctigena Maa, 1938 Subfamily NOMADINAE 1938. Xylocopa (Nodula) punctigena Maa. Rec. Indian Mus., Genus Nomada Scopoli, 1770 40: 291 93. Nomada flavozonata Nurse, 1901 Distribution: India: Punjab (Gupta and Yanega, 1901. Nomada flavozonata Nurse, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 70(2): 2003) and Uttarakhand (Ascher and Gupta, 2019). 148. 90. Xylocopa (Nodula) amethystina Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967). (Fabricius, 1793) 94. Nomada mutabilis Morawitz, 1871 1793. Apis amethystina Fabricius, Ent. Syst., II: 325. 1871. Nomada mutabilis Morawitz, Hor. Soc. Entomol. Ross., 7: 328. Distribution: India: Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Punjab (Bingham, 1897), Tamil Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967). Nadu and Uttarakhand. Elsewhere: Germany and Elsewhere: Europe, Kazakhstan, North Africa, Sri Lanka (Ascher and Gupta, 2019). western to central Asia and Nepal. 162 Fauna of Punjab, State Fauna Series, 23

Subfamily APINAE 101. Amegilla (Micramegilla) mucorea Genus Apis Linnaeus, 1758 (Klug, 1845) 95. Apis cerana Fabricius, 1793 1845. Megilla mucorea Klug, Symb. Phys., Dec. 5, Ins.,: 49. 1793. Apis cerana Fabricius, Entomol. Syst., II: 327. Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967); Rajasthan. Elsewhere: Algeria, Egypt, Pakistan, throughout India. Elsewhere: Burma, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka and Sudan. Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, south-central, southern 102. Amegilla (Zebramegilla) albigena half of China and Sri Lanka etc. (Lepeletier, 1841) 96. Apis dorsata Fabricius, 1793 1841. Anthophora albigena Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hymen., II: 28. 1793. Apis dorsata Fabricius, Entomol. Syst., II: 328. Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra 1967), Uttar Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Elsewhere: Algeria, Throughout India. Elsewhere: In the east up to Armenia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Egypt, France, Malaysia. Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Macedonia, 97. Apis florea Fabricius, 1787 Morocco, Nepal, Spain, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. 1787. Apis florea Fabricius, Mant. Insect., 1: 305. 103. Amegilla (Zonamegilla) comberi Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), (Cockerell, 1911) Throughout India (except high altitudes in Himalaya). Elsewhere: Afghanistan, Bhutan and 1911. Anthophora comberi Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Pakistan. (8)7: 493. Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967) and Genus Amegilla Friese, 1897 Maharashtra. Elsewhere: China, Pakistan and Sri 98. Amegilla (Amegilla) farinosa (Klug, 1845) Lanka. 1845. Megilla farinosa Klug,Symb. phys., Dec. 5, Ins.,: 50. 104. Amegilla (Zebramegilla) subcoerulea Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967). (Lepeletier, 1841) Elsewhere: Oman, Saudi Arabia and West Bank. 1841. Anthophora subcoerulea Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Insect. 99. Amegilla (Dizonamegilla) dizona Engel, 2009 Hymen., II: 30. Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967) and 2009. Amegilla (Dizonamegilla) dizona Engel, Beitr. Ent., 2: Uttar Pradesh. Elsewhere: Pakistan and Sri 326. Lanka. Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967), Puducherry and Rajasthan. 105. Amegilla candida (Smith, 1879) 1879. Anthophora candida Smith, Descr. New Sp. Hym. Br. 100. Amegilla (Glossamegilla) violacea Mus.,: 122. (Lepeletier, 1841) Distribution: India: Punjab (Ascher and 1841. Anthophora violacea Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Insect. Pickering, 2019). Elsewhere: Iran and Pakistan. Hymen., II: 80. Genus Anthophora Latreille, 1803 Distribution: India: central Indian region to 106. Anthophora (Pyganthophora) atroalba Bangalore, New Delhi, North-Western Provinces, Lepeletier, 1841 Punjab (Batra, 1967), Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. Elsewhere: Sri Lanka. 1841. Anthophora atro-alba Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hymen., II: 73. CHANDRA et al. | | INSECTA : HYMENOPTERA : APOIDEA (BEES) 163

Distribution: India: Punjab (Ascher and 113. Tetralonia (s. lato) rufolineata Pickering, 2019) and Himachal Pradesh. Elsewhere: Cameron, 1909 Palearctic Region. 1909. Tetralonia rufolineata Cameron, Deutsch. Ent. Genus Habropoda Smith, 1854 Zeitsch.,: 50. 107. Habropoda deiopea (Cameron, 1897) Distribution: India: Punjab (Cameron, 1909; Batra 1967). 1897. Anthophora deiopea Cameron, Mem. Proc. Man. Lit. Phil. Soc., 41(2): 127. 114. Tetralonia (s. lato) testaceitarsis Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh, Jammu Cameron, 1909 and Kashmir and Punjab (Gupta, 2010). 1909. Tetralonia testaceitarsis Cameron, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitsch.,: 49. Genus Tetralonia Spinola, 1839 108. Tetralonia (s. lato) claripennis Cameron, Distribution: India: Punjab (Cameron, 1909). 1909 115. Tetraloniella (Tetraloniella) duvaucelii 1909. Tetralonia claripennis Cameron, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitsch.,: (Lepeletier, 1841) 51. 1841. Macrocera duvaucelii Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Insect. Distribution: India: Punjab (Cameron, 1909; Hymen., II: 98. Batra, 1967). 1908. Tetralonia ovatula Cameron, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 109. Tetralonia (s. lato) erythrocera 18: 649. Cameron, 1909 Distribution: India: Gujarat, Karnataka, 1909. Tetralonia erythrocera Cameron, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitsch., Maharashtra, Punjab (Cameron, 1909) and : 49. Uttarakhand. Distribution: India: Punjab (Cameron, 1909). Genus Thyreus Panzer, 1806 116. Thyreus abdominalis (Friese, 1905) 110. Tetralonia (s. lato) pruinosa Cameron, 1909 1905. Crocisa abdominalis Friese,Zeitschr. Hym. Dipt., 5: 57. 1909. Tetralonia pruinosa Cameron, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitsch.,: Distribution: India: Meghalaya and Punjab 47. (Ascher and Pickering, 2019). Elsewhere: Bhutan, Distribution: India: Punjab (Cameron, 1909; China, Flores, Indonesia and Malaysia. Batra, 1967). 117. Thyreus histrio (Fabricius, 1775)

111. Tetralonia (s. lato) punctilabris 1775. Nomada histrio Fabricius, Syst. Ent.,: 388. Cameron, 1909 Distribution: India: Punjab (Gupta, 2010), 1909. Tetralonia punctilabris Cameron, Deutsch. Ent. Zeitsch.,: Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Odisha, Kerala, Tamil 48. Nadu and Puducherry. Elsewhere: Myanmar, Distribution: India: Punjab (Cameron, 1909). Malawi and Sri Lanka.

112. Tetralonia (s. lato) punjaubensis 118. Thyreus ramosus (Lepeletier, 1841) Cameron, 1909 1841. Crocisa ramosa Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hymen., II: 1909. Tetralonia punjaubensis Cameron, Deutsch. Ent. 451. Zeitsch.,: 49. Distribution: India: Punjab (Batra, 1967). Distribution: India: Punjab (Cameron, 1909; Elsewhere: Palaearctic and Afrotropical Region. Batra 1967). 164 Fauna of Punjab, State Fauna Series, 23

119. Thyreus takaonis (Cockerell, 1911) (41 species) followed by Megachilidae (40 species), 1911. Crocisa takaonis Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Halictidae (27 species) andrenidae (7 species) and (8)7: 311. Colletidae (4 species). Distribution: India: Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab (Batra, 1967), Puducherry Uttar Pradesh, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Uttarakhand and West Bengal. Elsewhere: China, We wish to thank the Ministry of Environment Japan, Sri Lanka and Taiwan. and Climate Change, New Delhi for providing financial assistance for a large grant research SUMMARY project entitled ‘Biodiversity Assessment through Altogether, 119 species belonging to 32 genera, long-term monitoring plots in Indian Himalayan 11 subfamilies and 05 families have been reported Landscape’. We wish to thank Dr Anjum Rizwi, from the state of Punjab so far. The maximum Scientist-D, Lower Invertebrate Division, ZSI, species diversity is recorded in the family Apidae Kolkata for her support.

REFERENCES

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