African American Children's Literature

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

African American Children's Literature AN ETHNOGRAPHIC CONTENT ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN’S FICTION PICTURE BOOKS REFLECTING AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE PUBLISHED 2001-2005 by IRENE J. NEPHEW B.S., Mary Hardin-Baylor University, 1982 M.S., Kansas State University, 1999 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Secondary Education College of Education KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2009 Abstract An ethnographic content analysis was conducted to explore the African American cultural content contained in the text of picture books portraying African Americans published 2001 through 2005. The picture books were limited to beginning readers, stories in rhyme and poetry, historical fiction, fictional biography, and contemporary fiction portraying African Americans and set in the U.S. The books were categorized based on the genre to which they belong and classified as generic books or books with African American cultural content. The African American cultural content in the books in the study was compared to the cultural content contained in picture books in a survey conducted by Rudine Sims Bishop in 1982. Differences between the work of African Americans and non African Americans are discussed. A data collection instrument was constructed and used by several additional raters to test the reliability of the instrument. Each additional rater was given an operational definition for generic books and books with cultural content. The raters were each given one book to evaluate. The research revealed (1) that more than half of the picture books published during the period of this study were classified as generic, (2) in most cases, only the books written by African Americans contained cultural content and (3) more than half of the picture books with cultural content are classified as historical fiction. (4) Although it is possible for a non African American to write an authentic picture book with cultural content, such books are usually the result of in depth research. (5) During the period of this study, not all generic picture books were written by non African Americans; some African American authors choose to write generic books portraying African Americans with minimal content specific to African American culture. AN ETHNOGRAPHIC CONTENT ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN’S FICTION PICTURE BOOKS REFLECTING AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE PUBLISHED 2001-2005 by IRENE J. NEPHEW B.S., Mary Hardin-Baylor University, 1982 M.S., Kansas State University, 1999 A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Secondary Education College of Education KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2009 Approved by: Approved by: Co-Major Professor Co-Major Professor Dr. Jacqueline D. Spears Dr. Be Etta L. Stoney Copyright IRENE JANET NEPHEW 2009 Abstract An ethnographic content analysis was conducted to explore the African American cultural content contained in the text of picture books portraying African Americans published 2001 through 2005. The picture books were limited to beginning readers, stories in rhyme and poetry, historical fiction, fictional biography, and contemporary fiction portraying African Americans and set in the U.S. The books were categorized based on the genre to which they belong and classified as generic books or books with African American cultural content. The African American cultural content in the books in the study was compared to the cultural content contained in picture books in a survey conducted by Rudine Sims Bishop in 1982. Differences between the work of African Americans and non African Americans are discussed. A data collection instrument was constructed and used by several additional raters to test the reliability of the instrument. Each additional rater was given an operational definition for generic books and books with cultural content. The raters were each given one book to evaluate. The research revealed (1) that more than half of the picture books published during the period of this study were classified as generic, (2) in most cases, only the books written by African Americans contained cultural content and (3) more than half of the picture books with cultural content are classified as historical fiction. (4) Although it is possible for a non African American to write an authentic picture book with cultural content, such books are usually the result of in depth research. (5) During the period of this study, not all generic picture books were written by non African Americans; some African American authors choose to write generic books portraying African Americans with minimal content specific to African American culture. Table of Contents List of Figures................................................................................................................................. x List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. xi Acknowledgements....................................................................................................................... xii Dedication.................................................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................. 1 Overview of the Issues................................................................................................................ 3 Researcher’s Views and Personal Background .......................................................................... 4 Statement of the Problem............................................................................................................ 6 Purpose of the Study................................................................................................................... 7 Research Questions..................................................................................................................... 7 Significance of the Study............................................................................................................ 8 Definition of Terms .................................................................................................................... 9 Limitations of the Study ........................................................................................................... 10 Summary................................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 2 - REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE...................................................................... 12 Introduction............................................................................................................................... 12 Multicultural Education ............................................................................................................ 12 African American Vernacular English ..................................................................................... 17 African American Culture ........................................................................................................ 21 Ethnic Identity........................................................................................................................... 23 Multicultural Literature......................................................................................................... 29 Guidelines for Selecting and Evaluating Multicultural Literature........................................ 35 Benefits of Using Multicultural Literature............................................................................ 38 Genres and Literary Elements of Children’s Literature............................................................ 43 History of African American Children’s Literature ................................................................. 46 Stereotypes in African American Literature ......................................................................... 53 Summary................................................................................................................................... 73 CHAPTER 3 - METHODS........................................................................................................... 74 vi Introduction............................................................................................................................... 74 Research Design ....................................................................................................................... 74 Description of Sims’ Survey................................................................................................. 77 Social conscience books ................................................................................................... 78 Melting pot books ............................................................................................................. 79 Culturally conscious books............................................................................................... 80 Nephew’s Study........................................................................................................................ 81 Identification and Selection of Books................................................................................... 82 Development of Data Collection Instrument .......................................................................
Recommended publications
  • THE FUTURE of SCREENS from James Stanton a Little Bit About Me
    THE FUTURE OF SCREENS From james stanton A little bit about me. Hi I am James (Mckenzie) Stanton Thinker / Designer / Engineer / Director / Executive / Artist / Human / Practitioner / Gardner / Builder / and much more... Born in Essex, United Kingdom and survived a few hair raising moments and learnt digital from the ground up. Ok enough of the pleasantries I have been working in the design field since 1999 from the Falmouth School of Art and onwards to the RCA, and many companies. Ok. less about me and more about what I have seen… Today we are going to cover - SCREENS CONCEPTS - DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION - WHY ASSETS LIBRARIES - CODE LIBRARIES - COST EFFECTIVE SOLUTION FOR IMPLEMENTATION I know, I know, I know. That's all good and well, but what does this all mean to a company like mine? We are about to see a massive change in consumer behavior so let's get ready. DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AS A USP Getting this correct will change your company forever. DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION USP-01 Digital transformation (DT) – the use of technology to radically improve performance or reach of enterprises – is becoming a hot topic for companies across the globe. VERY DIGITAL CHANGING NOT VERY DIGITAL DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION USP-02 Companies face common pressures from customers, employees and competitors to begin or speed up their digital transformation. However they are transforming at different paces with different results. VERY DIGITAL CHANGING NOT VERY DIGITAL DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION USP-03 Successful digital transformation comes not from implementing new technologies but from transforming your organisation to take advantage of the possibilities that new technologies provide.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview: * Conclusion Modules and Libraries Modern Perl Techniques
    Modern Perl Techniques to Build Distributed Web 2.0 Applications. Presented By: Matt Burns [email protected] * Conclusion Moose just makes things easier. Joose is just like moose but in javascript land. jQuery and Seamstress allow us to be free of clunky template languages. Customized Web Apps spun up on the fly that are stateful are super neato. CPAN modules make concurrent distributed web apps/service possible and straight-forward. Configuration UDC Joose, jQuery Communication Event Distributed Demultiplexing WDC Continuity, Seamstess Computing Dimensions Concurrency Moose, Coro, AnyEvent EDC Service Ideas Behind This: 1) Owning stock and trading options on that will beat owning stock alone. 2) The Web Browser is the new operating system. KiokuDB RDC 3) Distributed parallel programming allows us the ability to tackle very complicated problems. 4) Explore the ideas behind the "Modern Perl" movement. 5) Explore the benefits of the Moose Joose relationship. 6) Instead of templating languages HTML/XML/etc operate directly on the dom. 7) How to enable an ad-hoc system of services to be coordinated into runtime alliances to solve business processes. Distributed Business Component UDC WDC EDC RDC Messages Events Overview: *** Distributed Paradigm Friendly Joose, jQuery Perl, CPAN Dom About how simple(maybe even easy) it is to build a simple distributed application stack with these off the self of CPAN Component Execution Environment The decrease in the impedence mismatch between objects in perl land and objects in Javascript land. Serializing perl/js objects and marshelling them back and forth from the client and server and between server and server. When we think distributed apps there are often many servers working with the client that hosts the user level component of these distributed apps in a piece of dom tied to a Joose object.
    [Show full text]
  • American Book Awards 2004
    BEFORE COLUMBUS FOUNDATION PRESENTS THE AMERICAN BOOK AWARDS 2004 America was intended to be a place where freedom from discrimination was the means by which equality was achieved. Today, American culture THE is the most diverse ever on the face of this earth. Recognizing literary excel- lence demands a panoramic perspective. A narrow view strictly to the mainstream ignores all the tributaries that feed it. American literature is AMERICAN not one tradition but all traditions. From those who have been here for thousands of years to the most recent immigrants, we are all contributing to American culture. We are all being translated into a new language. BOOK Everyone should know by now that Columbus did not “discover” America. Rather, we are all still discovering America—and we must continue to do AWARDS so. The Before Columbus Foundation was founded in 1976 as a nonprofit educational and service organization dedicated to the promotion and dissemination of contemporary American multicultural literature. The goals of BCF are to provide recognition and a wider audience for the wealth of cultural and ethnic diversity that constitutes American writing. BCF has always employed the term “multicultural” not as a description of an aspect of American literature, but as a definition of all American litera- ture. BCF believes that the ingredients of America’s so-called “melting pot” are not only distinct, but integral to the unique constitution of American Culture—the whole comprises the parts. In 1978, the Board of Directors of BCF (authors, editors, and publishers representing the multicultural diversity of American Literature) decided that one of its programs should be a book award that would, for the first time, respect and honor excellence in American literature without restric- tion or bias with regard to race, sex, creed, cultural origin, size of press or ad budget, or even genre.
    [Show full text]
  • My Black Is Beautiful: a Study of How Hair Is Portrayed in Children's and Young Adult Literature
    University of Central Florida STARS HIM 1990-2015 2015 My Black is Beautiful: A Study of How Hair is Portrayed in Children's and Young Adult Literature Quacy-Ann Webley University of Central Florida Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015 University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIM 1990-2015 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Webley, Quacy-Ann, "My Black is Beautiful: A Study of How Hair is Portrayed in Children's and Young Adult Literature" (2015). HIM 1990-2015. 1753. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015/1753 MY BLACK IS BEAUTIFUL: A STUDY OF HOW HAIR IS PORTRAYED IN CHILDREN’S AND YOUNG ADULT LITERATURE by QUACY-ANN WEBLEY A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors in the Major Program in English Literature in the College of Education and Human performance and in the Burnett Honors College at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2015 Thesis Chair: Jeffery Kaplan, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This research seeks to examine how authors represent Black/African-American beauty in children’s literature. To conduct my research, I have chosen to review Natasha Tarpley’s I Love My Hair and Carolivia Herron’s Nappy Hair in conjunction with Zora Neale Hurston’s young adult novel Their Eyes Were Watching God.
    [Show full text]
  • Bay Guardian
    THE SAN FRANCISCO B A Y OCTOBER 17, 1990/VOL 25/NO. 2 ^AY AREA'S BEST. .. EVERY WEEK ON THE COVER: UNKNOWN NO MORE After five years of struggle, SFs Faith No More is on its way, with a Grammy nomination, an MTV video award and an album that's gone platinum (p. 23) ARTS ^ MILLION PG&EiOVER-UP For two years, ArtAgnos has had a study on his desk showing that the city would make as much as $500 million by buying out PG&E. Why has he kept it secret? (p. 17) DARK PASSAGES It's anomie again in America as the literary world rediscovers the hard-boiled noir fiction style of the '40s. ►P/us: Lesbian detective fiction. The SF Book Festival, reviews and more. Our quarterly literary supplement ESSL'i". MONSTER LECTRONICS UNCLE WHO?? Uncle Ralph’s is the East Bay’s largest independent audio/video specialist, with some of the best prices in the country, in 8 years we’ve grown at an incredible rate, and our reputation has spread far and wide. Our customers come from as far away as New York, Tokyo, an even Minsk! This is your big chance to gobble up hundreds of amazing buys from our gargantuan inventory. WHArS GOING ON?? Our warehouse is stocked to the gills with top name merchandise, and it’s gotta go! Every¬ thing is new, in the box, with the manufac¬ turer’s warranty. But shop early, because the sale is limited to stock on hand! There are ac¬ tually hundred of items on sale.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018/19 Steamboat Press Kit
    2018/19 Steamboat Press Kit TABLE OF CONTENTS What’s new this winter at Steamboat ............................................................... Pages 2-3 New ownership, additional nonstop flights, mountain coaster, gondola upgrades Expanded winter air program ........................................................................... Pages 4-5 Fly nonstop into Steamboat from 15 major U.S. airports. New this year: Boston, Fort Lauderdale, and Long Beach, California. Winter Olympic tradition ................................................................................ Pages 6-11 Steamboat has produced 96 winter Olympians, more than any other town in North America. Champagne Powder® snow ............................................................................ Pages 12-14 Family programs ............................................................................................. Pages 15-17 Mountain facts and statistics ......................................................................... Pages 18-21 History of Steamboat ...................................................................................... Pages 22-30 Events calendar .............................................................................................. Pages 31-34 Cowboy Downhill ............................................................................................ Pages 35-36 Night skiing and snowboarding ..................................................................... Pages 37-38 On-mountain dining and Steamboat’s top restaurants ..............................
    [Show full text]
  • Children's Literature Bibliographies
    appendix C Children’s Literature Bibliographies Developed in consultation with more than a dozen experts, this bibliography is struc- tured to help you find and enjoy quality literature, and to help you spend more time read- ing children’s books than a textbook. It is also structured to help meet the needs of elementary teachers. The criteria used for selection are • Because it is underused, an emphasis on multicultural and international literature • Because they are underrepresented, an emphasis on the work of “cultural insiders” and authors and illustrators of color • High literary quality and high visual quality for picture books • Appeal to a dual audience of adults and children • A blend of the old and the new • Curricular usefulness to practicing teachers • Suitable choices for permanent classroom libraries Many of the books are award winners. To help you find books for ELLs, I have placed a plus sign (+) if the book is writ- ten in both English and another language. To help you find multicultural authors and il- lustrators, I have placed an asterick (*) to indicate that the author and/or illustrator is a member of underrepresented groups. They are also often cultural insiders. I identify the ethnicity of the authors only if they are is clearly identified in the book. Appendix D in Encountering Children’s Literature: An Arts Approach by Jane Gangi (2004) has a com- plete list of international and multicultural authors who correspond with the astericks. Some writers and illustrators of color want to be known as good writers and good illustrators, not as good “Latino” or “Japanese American” writers and/or illustrators.
    [Show full text]
  • The Church of St. Benedict the Moor: Propagating and Contesting Black Catholicism in New York City, 1883-1920 Jeffrey Wheatley
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2014 The Church of St. Benedict the Moor: Propagating and Contesting Black Catholicism in New York City, 1883-1920 Jeffrey Wheatley Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE CHURCH OF ST. BENEDICT THE MOOR: PROPAGATING AND CONTESTING BLACK CATHOLICISM IN NEW YORK CITY, 1883-1920 By JEFFREY WHEATLEY A Thesis submitted to the Department of Religion in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2014 Jeffrey Wheatley defended this thesis on March 28, 2014. The members of the supervisory committee were: John Corrigan Professor Directing Thesis Amanda Porterfield Committee Member Aline Kalbian Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The faculty at Florida State University provided me with the tools necessary to complete this project. Dr. John Corrigan provided support and pushed me to articulate a bolder and clearer argument. Dr. Amanda Porterfield’s enthusiasm for the metaphor of the corral helped me shape this project early on. Dr. Aline Kalbian provided thoughtful feedback on the vocabulary and implications of this work. Staff members at the Archives of the Archdiocese of New York and the New York Historical Society provided excellent aid in finding materials on the Church of St. Benedict the Moor. Kate Feighery and Rev.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida Prevention Subject: (CAN YOU ADD ME to THIS EMAIL LIST?) News Articles, Friday, November 12, 2010 Date: Friday, November 12, 2010 11:23:02 AM
    From: Brandon Colee To: Florida Prevention Subject: (CAN YOU ADD ME TO THIS EMAIL LIST?) News Articles, Friday, November 12, 2010 Date: Friday, November 12, 2010 11:23:02 AM Hello Florida Prevention, Wonderful news email! Will you please add me to your email listJ Thank you so much. Brandon Colee Manager PACT Prevention Coalition of St Johns County 1400 Old Dixie Highway St Augustine, FL 32084 office: 904-829-6261 ext 20 email: brandon@pactprevention org Mission ~ To make St Johns County a healthy substance-free community through the reduction and prevention of alcohol and drug abuse by our youth with Prevention, Advocacy, Choices and Teamwork From: Heidi Matheny [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Friday, November 12, 2010 10:56 AM To: [email protected] Subject: FW: News Articles, Friday, November 12, 2010 FYI… Heidi L Matheny Coalition Coordinator PACT Prevention Coalition of St Johns County Office: (904) 829-6261 x 43 Cell: (904) 501-1275 Mission To make St. Johns County a healthy substance-free community through the reduction and prevention of alcohol and drug abuse by our youth with Prevention, Advocacy, Choices and Teamwork. From: Florida Prevention [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Friday, November 12, 2010 10:44 AM To: [email protected]; [email protected]; Angie Ellison; Anne Frazier; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; Brooke Baker; [email protected]; [email protected]; Carol Burkett; [email protected]; [email protected];
    [Show full text]
  • Fulbright Scholars Directory
    Visiting Fulbright Scholars and Occasional Lecturers 1988-89 Directory—Volume I Administration and Funding of the Fulbright Program The Fulbright Program is authorized by Public Law 87-256, the Mutual Educational and Cul­ tural Exchange Act of 1961. The purpose of the program is “to enable the government of the United States to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries . and thus to assist in the development of friendly, sympathetic, and peaceful relations between the United States and other countries of the world.” The primary source of funding is an annual appropriation made by the Congress to the U.S. Information Agency (USIA). Participating governments and host institutions in many countries and in the United States also contribute financially through cost sharing, as well as by indirect support such as salary supplements, tuition waivers, university housing, and other benefits. Grants are made to U.S. citizens and nationals of other countries for a variety of educational activities, primarily university teaching, advanced research, graduate study, and teaching in ele­ mentary and secondary schools. The Board of Foreign Scholarships (BFS), Since the Educational Exchange Program composed of twelve educational and public lead­ was passed by Congress and signed into law ers appointed by the President of the United by President Truman on August 1, 1946, States, formulates and develops policies and cri­ teria for the purpose of making final selection of over 156,000 men and women have partici­ all candidates for awards. pated. These people have acquired a capac­ The U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposed Oyster Facility and Apple Orchard: Bayview (Parcel No
    Project Description (PD)/Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Proposed Oyster Washing, Grading and Storage Facility and Apple Orchard Vacant Agricultural Land (Parcel No. 442608) Cavendish Road (Route No. 6), Bayview, Queens County, PEI JOOSE ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT NO. JE0441 Report prepared for: Raspberry Point Oyster Co. Inc., 12 Milky Way, Charlottetown, PE C1A 2E2 Granville Ridge Consulting Inc. Joose Environmental Consulting Inc. 484 Taylor Road PO Box 19 (1088 Colville Road) North Granville, PEI C0A 1E0 North Wiltshire, PEI C0A 1Y0 May 29, 2020 Granville Ridge Joose Environmental PD/EIS: Proposed Oyster Facility and Apple Orchard: Bayview (Parcel No. 442608), PEI Executive Summary Joose Environmental Consulting Inc. (Joose Environmental) and Granville Ridge Consulting Inc. (Granville Ridge) and were contracted by Raspberry Point Oyster Co. Inc. (Raspberry Point) to complete a Project Description (PD)/Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The PD/EIS was completed to meet the requirements of the Province of PEI and the PEI Resort Municipality for a proposed Oyster Washing, Grading and Storage Facility as well as an Apple Orchard. The proposed project is to be developed on vacant agricultural land identified as Parcel No. 442608 and located along the south side Cavendish Road (Route No. 6) in Bayview, Queens County, PEI. As part of the PD/EIS the following mitigation and environmental monitoring elements will be adhered to during the construction and operation of the proposed facility, including: Mitigation • During construction and operation (including accidents, potential malfunctions and unplanned events) all municipal, provincial and federal codes, standards and best management practices will be followed; • During operation mitigation for hazardous waste and non-hazardous waste will be conducted as outlined in Tables 3.1 and 3.2 in Sections 3.2.5 and 3.2.6 of this report; and • The site will be developed in a manner to leave treed buffers to the north, east and west of the site so as to reduce noise levels and protect view planes.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading Counts
    Title Author Reading Level Sorted Alphabetically by Author's First Name Barn, The Avi 5.8 Oedipus The King (Knox) Sophocles 9 Enciclopedia Visual: El pla... A. Alessandrello 6 Party Line A. Bates 3.5 Green Eyes A. Birnbaum 2.2 Charlotte's Rose A. E. Cannon 3.7 Amazing Gracie A. E. Cannon 4.1 Shadow Brothers, The A. E. Cannon 5.5 Cal Cameron By Day, Spiderman A. E. Cannon 5.9 Four Feathers, The A. E. W. Mason 9 Guess Where You're Going... A. F. Bauman 2.5 Minu, yo soy de la India A. Farjas 3 Cat-Dogs, The A. Finnis 5.5 Who Is Tapping At My Window? A. G. Deming 1.5 Infancia animal A. Ganeri 2 camellos tienen joroba, Los A. Ganeri 4 Me pregunto-el mar es salado A. Ganeri 4.3 Comportamiento animal A. Ganeri 6 Lenguaje animal A. Ganeri 7 vida (origen y evolución), La A. Garassino 7.9 Takao, yo soy de Japón A. Gasol Trullols 6.9 monstruo y la bibliotecaria A. Gómez Cerdá 4.5 Podría haber sido peor A. H. Benjamin 1.2 Little Mouse...Big Red Apple A. H. Benjamin 2.3 What If? A. H. Benjamin 2.5 What's So Funny? (FX) A. J. Whittier 1.8 Worth A. LaFaye 5 Edith Shay A. LaFaye 7.1 abuelita aventurera, La A. M. Machado 2.9 saltamontes verde, El A. M. Matute 7.1 Wanted: Best Friend A. M. Monson 2.8 Secret Of Sanctuary Island A. M. Monson 4.9 Deer Stand A.
    [Show full text]