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Translated and Edited by Master´S Students of WEM IV University of Groningen M M X V I I

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Translated and Edited by Master´S Students of WEM IV University of Groningen M M X V I I Translated and edited by Master´s students of WEM IV University of Groningen M M X V I I Johan Meerman Some Messages Concerning Great Britain and Ireland Translated and edited by WEM 4 Class of 2017 University of Groningen, Oude Boteringestraat 44 9700 AB, Groningen PO Box 72 Tel: +31 50 363 9111 © University of Groningen Original name: Eenige Berichten omtrent Groot-Britannien en Ierland “ri)inally published by J. van ;lee(, s Graavenhaa)e 1787 Author: Johan Meerman Translated into English by WEM 4 class of 2017 (RUG) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the authors. All pictures used in this volume have been appropriately cited and were either in the public domain, free to use for educational purposes, or permission was asked. If there remain any pictures for which you feel you hold the rights, please let us know by contacting [email protected]. Table of Contents Preface .............................................................................. v List of Abbreviations ........................................................ vii List of Illustrations .......................................................... viii Introduction ..................................................................... ix Johan Meerman ............................................................. xi Print history of Eenige Berichten Omtrent Groot- Britannien en Ierland .................................................. xiv Historical Context ....................................................... xvii The Kingdom of Ireland and Protestant Ascendancy .. xviii The Kingdom of Scotland – The Capitals, Highlands and Jacobite Rising of 1745 ............................................... xx British Parliament and State of Affairs in the Eighteenth Century ................................................. xxiii English Cities in the Eighteenth Century ................... xxvi The Travellers, Their Destinations, and Their Audiences ................................................................................ xxix Travel Writing and Its Conventions ........................ xxxiii Some Messages Concerning Great Britain and Ireland .......... 1 Dedication ..................................................................... 3 Foreword ....................................................................... 5 iii England: Part One The Country ........................................... 9 England: Part Two The Inhabitants .................................... 65 England: Part Three The Government .............................. 201 Scotland ........................................................................ 269 Ireland .......................................................................... 335 Glossary ........................................................................ 386 Bibliography .................................................................. 390 Print Sources .............................................................. 390 Web Sources .............................................................. 392 Maps and Illustrations................................................. 397 Index ............................................................................ 399 About the Course WEM 4 ................................................ 412 iv Preface Finally, a good 200 years after its initial publication, here before you lies the first English translation of Johan ‘eermans account of his travels through England, Scotland, and Ireland. For our ‘asters de)ree pro)ramme in Writin), Editing and Mediating at the University of Groningen, it was the goal of this course to translate and produce an English edition o( ‘eermans Eenige Berichten Omtrent Groot- Britannien en Ierland. This book is the result of four months of tireless toiling and invigorating discussions on the finer points of translating and editing. Naturally, some difficult choices had to be made regarding the source material and our translation thereof. Meerman was a classically trained eighteenth-century intellectual and his writing style reflects this. As modern English generally neither employs the convoluted sentence structure Meerman used in his original, nor accepts his lengthy Latinate sentences, we chose to significantly modernise his syntax. However, in order to offer you an authentic reading experience, most of the original foreign words were retained, unless they have since become a part of the English language. Moreover, we also omitted ‘eermans translations o( En)lish terms into Dutch to avoid repetition. Additionally, eighteenth-century political and cultural sensibilities are maintained in our translation. Consequently, the text contains opinions and words which may not be politically correct today. Thus, we implore you to keep in mind that these are not the translators and editors ideas but v those of the author and that these sensibilities have significantly changed in the past centuries. Due to the time constraints inherent in the set-up of this project and because this product was a joint effort of twenty people, there remain some slight differences in style of translating and writing. We have endeavoured to keep these to a minimum by setting strict rules on style and by having a smaller group do the final edit. We would like to thank Dr Dekker and Dr Hoag for their guidance and their help throughout the project. We are also grateful for this unique opportunity to show our capabilities. By offering this English edition o( ‘eermans work to the public, we hope it sparks new interest in Johan ‘eermans work outside of the Netherlands. Similarly, we hope that you will enjoy our edition of his text. WEM 4 CLASS OF 2017 Groningen, June 2017 vi List of Abbreviations E Encyclo.nl EB Encyclopedia Britannica GTB Geïntegreerde Taalbank L Larousse OED Oxford English Dictionary In instances where these abbreviations are used, they refer to the article of the annotated term, if not indicated otherwise. vii List of Illustrations 1. Portrait of Johan Meerman by Willem van Senus (1817) From Wikipedia, public domain. 2. Jacobite uprising of 1745, final battle at Culloden in 1746. From Wikipedia, public domain. 3. Dublin ca. 1831 (from Phoenix Park) by George Petrie. Wright, G.N. Ireland Illustrated, from Original Drawings. London, 1831. 4. George III by Allan Ramsay. (1762) From Wikipedia, public domain. 5. William Pitt the Younger (ca. 1787) From Wikipedia, public domain. 6. Grand tour - British Connaisseurs in Rome Ölgemälde von James Russel (1750) From Wikipedia, public domain 7. Dover castle. 19Th century drawing from The castellated and domestic architecture of Scotland from the twelfth to the eighteenth century (1887) Public domain. 8. Map of England, marked with places Meerman mentions in England: Part One 9. Map of England, marked with places Meerman mentions in England: Part Two 10. Map of England, marked with places Meerman mentions in England: Part Three 11. Map of Scotland, marked with places Meerman mentions in Scotland 12. Map of Ireland, marked with places Meerman mentions in Ireland viii Introduction JOHAN MEERMAN Fig. 1: Portrait of Johan Meerman x INTRODUCTION Johan Meerman Son of Gerard Meerman and Maria Catharina Buys, Johan Meerman (The Hague, 1753-1815) was a travelling bibliophile, politician and author. He was raised in a family of regents and Ministers which allowed him to be educated at the Latin School of Rotterdam (Van den Burg), as it was only accessible to boys from the middle and upper classes. There, Meerman was taught writing, history and eloquence, all in the Latin language (Beter Onderwijs Nederland). This education is a possible explanation (or ‘eermans overly Latinate style o( writing. He was educated in Dutch and French, and later also in Latin and Greek, by the most educated teachers. He excelled at his studies and eventually passed with honours (Te Water 6). At the age of ten and with the help from his grandfather, Meerman printed one edition of his translation o( ‘olieres comedy Le mariage forcé as a surprise for his parents (Van Heel 39). This spectacular gift does not merely show Johans love (or his parents, but it also indicates a deep love for and keen interest in books and languages. Meerman explored these passions further in his later education. After his time at the Latin School of Rotterdam, Meerman received private education in the Netherlands between the years 1764-1767. After this, he left for Germany with his governor to pursue further education at the University of Leipzig where he studied History, Greek and Latin Literature, Ancient Studies, Rhetoric, and Philosophy. After two years, he returned home to his parents, although he soon left again to continue his education at the University of xi JOHAN MEERMAN Göttingen. He remained in Göttingen for about two years and followed courses by Christian Gottlob Heyne, a scholar of Greek and Roman sculpture, and early professor of Archaeology and Ancient History. These were the classes which (urther developed ‘eermans knowled)e o( ancient history and their arts. This familiarity will become apparent throughout this volume; he seems especially fond of buildings designed by Robert Adam. This fondness is unsurprising, as Adam was a neoclassical architect and would therefore have designed buildings in a style reminiscent of the classical style Meerman had become so intimately familiar
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