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Geologic Framework and Hydrogeologic Characteristics of the U.S

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Geologic Framework and Hydrogeologic Characteristics of the U.S U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR IN COOPERATION WITH THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS MAP 2831 U.S. ARMY Clark, A.K., 2004, Geologic framework and hydrogeologic characteristics of the U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Glen Rose Limestone, Camp Stanley Storage Activity, Bexar County, Texas 98o36' Cibolo Kgr(l) Kgr(u)E Kgr(l) eek Kgr(l) 12C50r 1250 Kgr(u)E Kgr(l) 1300 1350 29o44' 1400 1350 1300 The lowermost mapped unit in the study area is the lower member of the Glen Rose The observed porosity and permeability of the hydrogeologic subdivisions in the study INTRODUCTION CAMP BULLIS TRAINING SITE Limestone (hereinafter, lower Glen Rose Limestone), which from well logs appears to be area are described below, from youngest to oldest: KENDALL 1350 EXPLANATION about 320 to 340 feet thick at the CSSA. About 20 to 30 (vertical) feet of the unit is The Trinity aquifer is a regional water source in the Hill Country of south-central COUNTY CAMP STANLEY STORAGE ACTIVITY The porosity of Interval A primarily is associated with fractures and caves and is not- Table 1. Summary of the lithologic and hydrogeologic properties of the hydrogeologic subdivisions exposed in the central part of the CSSA along the bed of Salado Creek (fig. 1). Although Texas that supplies water for agriculture, commercial, domestic, and stock purposes. fabric selective. The porosity is interconnected, thus the interval is more permeable rela- COMAL A' MW–H 1250 of the Glen Rose Limestone and associated units that crop out, Camp Stanley Storage Activity and mostly covered with alluvium and vegetation, the exposed rocks of the unit are a massive Rocks of the Glen Rose Limestone, which compose the upper zone and upper part of the COUNTY tive to Interval B. The interval likely contains avenues for recharge, although its small N R mudstone to grainstone. P O middle zone of the Trinity aquifer, crop out at the Camp Stanley Storage Activity (CSSA), Camp Bullis 1350 E immediately adjacent area, Bexar County, Texas. I R areal extent limits its relevance in terms of the potential for recharge. 0 U 40 F T I 1 A Training Site O 1350 A a U.S. Army weapons and munitions supply, maintenance, and storage facility in northern L U The upper Glen Rose Limestone has been subdivided into five mappable intervals R M U R 1400 Q [Group, formations, and members modified from Forgotson (1956), Rose (1972), Ashworth (1983); hydrogeologic Interval B contains little porosity and permeability. Not-fabric selective fracture poros- Bexar County (San Antonio area) (fig. 1). On its northeastern, eastern, and southern Camp Stanley G R D E A (Clark, 2003) that extend across the CSSA. These intervals (designated A through E) are S B O study area O ity appears to be the dominant type with some minor cave development along solutionally boundaries, the CSSA abuts the Camp Bullis Training Site, a U.S. Army field training site Kgr(u)C S subdivisions (aquifers, zones, intervals) from Maclay (1995), Barker and Ardis (1996), Clark (2003); lithologic terminology F D described below, from oldest to youngest: N M D R E enlarged fractures. Most fractures have little solution enlargement. This interval acts as a L R for military and Federal government agencies. R A modified from Dunham (1962); and porosity type modified from Choquette and Pray (1970). AQ, aquifer; CU, confining A M E MW–G A Kkb Interval E is a solution zone 7 to 10 feet thick that originally was an evaporite bed. confining unit, except in the few places where cave development has occurred. S San W VIII N W 1400 I A Kgr(u)D D unit; *, not exposed in study area] D During 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Antonio A Evaporites were subsequently dissolved leaving behind a calcareous mudstone. Often this B E E K Interval C contains fabric selective boxwork porosity and breccia porosity associated studied the outcropping Glen Rose Limestone at the CSSA and immediately adjacent area interval can be detected in caliper logs because it tends to wash out during the drilling with collapse resulting from solution of evaporites. This interval tends to channel water (Camp Stanley study area, fig. 1) to identify and map the hydrogeologic subdivisions and Hydro- process. The Corbula bed, which is a very thin-bedded grainstone, lies at the base of BEXAR Kgr(u)D 1350 Group, Hydro- Thick- 1400 Kgr(u)A geologic Field Karst Porosity type/ laterally to discharge at springs and seeps. This interval commonly is covered with soil faults of the Glen Rose Limestone at the facility. The results of the study are intended to COUNTY 1350 INTERVAL A formation, logic ness Lithology Interval E and marks the top of the lower Glen Rose Limestone. Typically the Corbula Kgr(l) Kgr(u)B sub- identification features permeability and vegetation. help resource managers improve their understanding of the distribution of porosity and o Kgr(u)E member function (feet) bed is found as float (rock fragments displaced from site of origin) because of its more 98 38' 1400 division permeability of the outcropping rocks, and thus the conditions for recharge and the poten- Kgr(u)B resistant nature relative to the surrounding calcareous mudstone. In the outcrop, Interval E The porosity and permeability of Interval D generally are low. However, fabric selec- Kgr(u)C 1400 n AQ karst; 50–60 Shaley, nodular Massive, nodular, and Large lateral Fabric; stratigraphically con- o E tial for contaminants to enter the Glen Rose Limestone. This study followed a similar Kgr(u)B p r appears as a yellow-to-white calcareous mud, and in some places, contains gray sparite i tive, moldic porosity occurs in the biostrome near the top of the interval. The biostrome u t a N R INTERVAL B FM 3351 l a o CU not karst limestone, mud- mottled; abundant caves at sur- trolled/large conduit flow at s r r u study done by the USGS at Camp Bullis (Clark, 2003). 1300 E O r with boxwork structures. Interval E forms broad, gentle valleys as a result of differences also contains not-fabric selective porosity associated with vugs, fractures, and caves. This m R e Kgr(u)B d d 1 e T G r B r stone, and mili- gastropods and Exo- face surface b I f E o a o 1300 i I S Kgr(u)B s M in rates of erosion between Interval E and the overlying Interval D and underlying lower n I F m porosity appears interconnected, thus making the biostrome one of the more permeable F u d R w I E olid gyra texana grainstone l e r The purpose of this report is to present the geologic framework and hydrogeologic E E q r V d E a a U Kgr(u)C a e M N m Glen Rose Limestone. This interval also contains numerous species of fossils including s M E I zones of the study area. The major part of Interval D is dominated by not-fabric selective P n w a characteristics of the Glen Rose Limestone in the study area. The hydrogeologic nomen- Q i L U O Kgr(u)C P d a R A Kgr(u)D Kgr(u)C B Z D INTERVAL C the very large gastropod Nerinea romeri (Whitney), Orbitolina texana (Roemer), Porocys- porosity, primarily in the form of fractures and caves. Permeability is relatively high in the E U E E clature follows that introduced by Clark (2003) for the outcropping Glen Rose Limestone K Y B' MW–3 S P T tis globularis (Giebel), and Turritella sp. in addition to numerous species of pelecypods, few areas in areas where fractures or caves have been solutionally enlarged. TEXAS I O at Camp Bullis in which the upper member of the Glen Rose Limestone (hereinafter, P 2 N AQ associated 30–120 Alternating and Near contact with Some caves At surface, not-fabric selective R U I 1250 gastropods, shell fragments, and worm tubes. R upper Glen Rose Limestone), which is coincident with the upper zone of the Trinity aqui- N Kgr(u)E Kgr(l) Kgr(u)D Kgr(l) with frac- interfingering Edwards Group; stair- below con- fracture and cavern porosity; Like Interval C, Interval E contains fabric selective porosity in the form of moldic T Kgr(u)D D E fer, is divided into five intervals on the basis of observed lithologic and hydrogeologic U 1350 L INTERVAL D tures and medium-bedded step topography; tact with probably very permeable Interval D is 135 to 180 feet thick and is composed of alternating beds of wackestone, boxwork structures and collapse breccia associated with the dissolution of evaporites. This D U G karst; mudstone, wacke- devoid of fossils; Edwards near contact with Edwards Kgr(u)E A properties. An outcrop map, two generalized sections, related illustrations, and a table packstone, and marl. Near the base of Interval D, about 15 to 20 feet above the Corbula interval acts as a lateral conduit for flow, as reflected by the numerous seeps and springs 1350 l a CU if not stone, and pack- evaporite beds locally Group. Group, which decreases with Kgr(l) summarize the description of the framework and distribution of characteristics. Balcones v bed of Interval E, is a second marker bed, a thin-bedded, silty mudstone that has a “platy” r that appear within its exposed outcrop. 1300 e stone with solu- Caves asso- depth, breccia porosity asso- fault MW–1 t zone Kgr(u)E n appearance.
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