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INTRODUCTION Taxus wallichiana (Nisar et al. 2008); hypoglycemic effect and activity of streptozotocin induced diabetic Medicinal plants have always received a high priority rats from the methanolic extract of Berberis aristata among the wild plant resources, for their exploitation, Stem (Upwar et al. 2011). Many other researchers have management and conservation. As for plant diversity, also shown an interest in studying the phytochemical medicinal plants have been considered to have the compounds present in the following plants Coptis highest relative value in societies (Hamilton 2004). teeta, Illicium grifithii, Panax pseudoginseng and Panax Herbal medicine coming into vogue world-wide due to a sikkimensis (Shukla & Thakur 1985; Latif et al. 2008; growing appreciation of natural products being cheaper Mathur et al. 2010; Vijayakumar et al. 2012) as the and safer, has elevated the degree of threat (Pareek continuous discovery of various phytochemicals from 1996). About 80% of the population in developing traditional medicinal plants has opened up a new source countries depends directly on plants for its primary for the pharmaceutical industry. And the large scale health care needs (Bannerman 1983). Two-thirds of the harvesting for their high medicinal value both locally and estimated 50,000 medicinal plant species used for herbal commercially, has resulted in rapid population decline medicine are harvested from the wild, of which, 4,000– of these species. Hussain & Hore (2008) reported the 10,000 species may be endangered (Hamilton 2003). vast exploitation of these medicinal plants species from Indiscriminate collection without proper management the wild. Although very few publications appeared has escalated the rate of depletion causing a faster rate during the past two decades in the field of medicinal of extinction (Hussain & Hore 2008). It is also estimated plants’ research (Singh et al. 1995; Haridasan et al. that about 1800 populations of plants are being 1995, 1996, 2003; Pandey 1998; Bhuyan 1999, 2000; destroyed every hour, i.e., 16 million annually in tropical Sarmah et al. 2000; Rawat & Ramasankar 2001), they forests alone (Hughes et al. 1997). It is estimated that out are mostly specific to ethnobotany, utilization pattern of about 18,000 flowering plant species found in India, and cultivation, while limited attempts have been made about 2500 plants species are used only by traditional to document the diversity and distributional status of herbal healers and about 500 plant species are used the medicinal plant species including the exact possible by various pharmaceutical companies (Chandel et al. cause of threats. To fill the gap extensive field surveys 1996; Dhiman & Tripathi 2009). The growing demand on the distribution of medicinal plants of the state have for medicinal plants combined with degradation and been carried out. The present paper deals with the fragmentation of natural habitats in the country has diversity, distribution and an analysis of threats. pushed over 300 species of Indian medicinal plants into various threatened categories (FRLHT 2007). The state of Arunachal Pradesh, which covers a MATERIAL AND METHODS major portion of the eastern Himalaya, is known for its rich diversity of flora and fauna. More than 500 Study area and site selection medicinal plants have been recorded from the state The study has been conducted in the eastern from various climatic zones (Haridasan et al. 2003). Himalayan state of Arunachal Pradesh situated Among them species like Aconitum ferox, Berberis between 26028’–29030’N & 91030’–97030’E and aristata, Campylandra aurantiaca, Illicium griffithii, having a geographical area of 83,743km2. The State is Panax pseudoginseng, Paris polyphylla, Coptis teeta, predominantly mountainous in nature and is inhabited Picrorhiza kurroa, Swertia chirayita, Taxus wallichiana, by 26 major tribes. The vegetation of Arunachal Valeriana jatamansi, which are found in the higher Pradesh is mainly classified into five broad forest types, altitudes are recognised as potential pharmaceutical viz.: tropical, subtropical, temperate broad-leaved and species. Records of various valuable phytochemical temperate coniferous, sub alpine, and alpine (Champion compound and bioactive principles have been made & Seth 1968). Later Kaul & Haridarshan (1987) included from such species and many new chemical compounds secondary forests consisting of degraded forest, bamboo are being added. Antioxidant activity in Podophyllum forest and grassland. The high altitude areas are covered hexandrum (Chawla et al. 2005); anti-tumor constituent by sub-temperate to alpine

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