policies, degreesofintervention, Action plans. Keywords: system andhistoricvalues. a belief artifact symbolizing heritage thelifeofcultural to prolong evidence building. historic historic other this and of documents management authentic on based are proposals These and actionplansforthe ofintervention degrees strategiesthatinclude the authorsproposeConservation accessandvisualexposure. to integratetheartifact within theurbanfabricbycreatingproper Therefore, of demonstrating possibledirections conservation strategieswith degrees of intervention andactionplans building. heritage historical plan forsuchanoutstanding management on is focused research The overall to make it sustainable. This study concentrates on the accomplishment of proposingtheconservation above situation,it has beenfelt that a conservationmanagementplan(CMP)for Bara Katraisessential within adensesettlement.Inthelightof and hidden thisstructureisinpoorcondition . Currently theculturalheritageorgloriouspastof an importantroleinrepresenting important historicremainsplaying most the of one and scale grand of edifice magnificent a undoubtedly is It sarai. Caravan of purpose the This historicalartifact bears testimonytothestyleanddesignofMughalarchitectureinBengalthatserved the authorsselectedauniquehistoricalandarchitecturalmonumentofoldDhaka,named“BaraKatra”. ** * ABSTrACT Shirajom MoniraKhondker Management PlanforBaraKatra Proposing aConservation Volume 14,June2018 Nakhara: JournalofEnvironmentalDesignandPlanning D Faculty ofArchitecture,AhsanullahUniversityScienceandTechnology, Faculty of Architecture, A Architecture, of Faculty years whichisexpressedandtraversedasasymbolofpower, dignity andartistry. In this research of nearly400 since 1971hasahistoricalbackground Bangladesh, ofindependent haka, thecapital Bara and heritage values, Conservation management plan, Conservation strategies or management plan,Conservation Bara Katraandheritagevalues,Conservation hsanullah * / MehnazTabassum University ofScienceand ** Proposing aConservationManagementPlanforBaraKatra T cnlg,Bangladesh echnology,

Nakhara 57 Nakhara 58 historical heritagebuildingBara Katra. management plan (CMP) for an outstanding accomplishment ofproposing theconservation the on is toconcentrate The aimofthisresearch Aim: the study Aim Bara KatrapicturesfromBurigangaRiveraround1840. Figure 1: at the southern part of situated is edifice magnificent This Caravan sarai. architecture inBengalthatservedthepurposeof testimony tothestyleanddesignofMughal independent Bangladesh. This artifact bears is locatedinthecityof ,capital “” which named monument architectural For this research the authors selectedahistorical a partoftheheritage.(ShaikhandMowla,2009) value asthe symbolof ourcultural identity and hence iconic value,theseartifactshavegreatemotional toarchitectural,aesthetic,historic,and In addition important. isimmensely heritage of architectural its pastandcaresfortheposteritypreservation thatvalues Forasociety 2015) (Farooq, generations. that which has beeninpossession for multiple property andland,particularly wealth, businesses, refer tomoretangibleassetsaswell,such characteristics. However,and physical itcanalso stories andpersonaltraits,both bloodline, lineage, history, culture,language, includes traditions,values, our forebears. from thepastthrough This heritage Heritage isthatwhichhasbeenhandeddown memory”, Aldo “A city without old building, is like aman without Introduction Shirajom MoniraKhondker/MehnazTabassum north bankoftheriver Buriganga(Figure1). and Objectivesof Rossi. Chowk Bazaar close to the

viii vii vi v vi ii ii i Objectives: Mughal monument. and the overall situations status of the historical of theproperty, building,ruins, newdevelopments, photographic survey to observe existing conditions Step 02: named BaraKatra. and theneedtoproperlyconserveartifact, importance oftheMughalmonumentalstructures understanding thehistoricaland architectural Step 01: following sequentialstepswereused: documentation. To conducttheresearch upon qualitative data through observation and survey andthustheresearchmethoddepends is primarily basedonanempirical The methodology Methodology ofthestudy

the buildingatouristattraction. will be established through guidelines, and make Touse, which the original recommendadapting heritage building. Tofor the plan maintenance setasustainable creating properaccessandvisualexposure. Tofabric by integratetheartifactwithurban evidence. and photographs, andarchaeological (historical) authentic documentationwithdetaildrawings can bedoneonthebasisofexistingruin, that the north,south,eastandwesternwings Torestoration workstorevive proper propose degrees ofinterventionsfortheartifact. developing an action plan that considers the (short term&longterm),andguidelinesfor To proposetherecommendedsteps,phases of interventionfortheartifact degrees considering or policeswith strategies To developtherecommendedconservation artifacts. life of a culturalheritageasrepresentedbythe ruins, thus making suggestionsto prolong the To investigatepresentconditionsandtheexisting accomplishment ofproposingCMP. or valuesoftheartifact“BaraKatra”for significance Tothe understand and investigate

Conducted afield survey and Made a review of literature for (Source: Departmentof Archaeology, Bangladesh) with BaraKatrashowninred. Map showingthe demarcation betweenPre-Mughaland Mughal,Dacca Figure 3: Sultanate beforethearrivalofMughalsin1608. ruled by Turkic and Afghan governorsfromtheDelhi CE. After the Sena dynasty, Dhaka was successively the controlofSenadynastyin9thcentury into before passing of Kamarupa kingdom Buddhist the 7thcenturyCE. The cityareawasruled bythe existence of urbanized settlements dating from Dhaka. The historyofoldDhakabegins withthe HistoricalDhakaisknownasoldorPuran there toconveythetale. war,Liberation is still has seenitalland OldDhaka architecture totheBritishruleandmorerecent great deal.BeittheNawabs a encompassed and endured has it because Dhaka) issomethingthatcannotbeforgotten Dhaka’s 400yearsofrichhistory(exclusivelyold Hist create awareness among the peoples of the locality. and tourism promoting to order in findings the on Step 04: (historical) evidences. detailed drawings,photographs,andarchaeological based onexisting ruin, authentic documentation with the conservation and management of Bara Katra Step 03: oric overview

Finally proposed recommendations based Finally proposedrecommendationsbased Developed aproposalforCMP concerning withtheirwonderful past. , once the glorious capital of the of the evidence material the are edifices Ancient (Farooq, 2015) culture. (Figure2&Figure3) the ancientBengali old partsofthecityarefullheritagewhichmarks Dhaka became the capital of the newstate. The After theindependenceofBangladeshin1971, Bengal province under the dominion of Pakistan. theEastIn 1947,Dhakabecamethecapitalof India. of independence the until years over 150 for theBritishruledregion After theMughals, Fabeck in1861) (Source: a painting by Frederick William Alexander de Dhaka CityacrossBurigangaRiver. Figure 2: Proposing aConservationManagementPlanforBaraKatra

Nakhara 59 Nakhara 60 Twenty-two shops were any rent from any deserving person alighting therein. not take (waqf) should of theendowments charge used as a Katra on the condition that the officials in to the Mir building Abul Qasim, who builtit, to be AH (1645-46AD) and confirms that Shah Shuja gave the othercontainsdate1055 and (1643-44AD) 1053 in that itwasbuilt records Persian: one in AH 6) (Figure two inscriptions The BaraKatracontains and ingoodshape.(ShaikhMowla,2009). D’Oyly (1823) described the building as magnificent Style. Mughal in theImperial decorated gorgeously and planned is ambitiously feet long, frontage, 223 The stately southern wing,extendingalonga river the south. and the north in gateways magnificent by structuresatitsfoursides. There weretwo enclosed courtyard a quadrangular seems tohave According to Rennel’s Map (1779) ‘Bara Katra’ (Hossain, 2006) todeteriorate. situationcontinues and theoverall the roadsremaininvaded disappearing, are rapidly of water open spacesandbodies unabated, while on aregoing fabric ofoldDhaka.Encroachments the socio-culturalandhistoricsettingsofurban growth sincethenisalmostdestroying Uncontrolled operation ofasaraikhana.(ShaikhandMowla,2009) private andpublicinitiativesforthemaintenance Waqf space, lavatories, mosque and even a hospital. A dining kitchen, rooms, sleeping included Katra along the trade routes during the Muslim period. It is assumed thattherewerenumbersofSarais were keptinthecourtyard. necessary forajourney other articles with cartsand camels horses and like or pedestrianstookshelter. The beasts of burden the verandawouldberoomswheretravelers veranda wouldsurroundthe courtyard andbeyond Sarai generally contains a courtyard. An arched a ‘CaravanSarai’ orsimplya‘Sarai’.A In Arabic andPersianliteratureithasbeencalled or word possiblyoriginatedfromthe Arabic wordkatrar Katra, (Figure 4&Figure 5), the BaraKatraandthe Chhota monuments wereconstructedofwhichthetwoKatras significant of number a period Mughal the During in 1717A.D. capital toMurshidabad the shiftingofprovincial oblivion. Mughal glory faded and came to an end with Mughals in this region, is now on the verge of Shirajom MoniraKhondker/MehnazTabassum Katra. meansabuildinghavingarches. (endowment) estates were created through have their own individual characteristics. have theirownindividual The to defray the expenses waqf to defray the expenses

Caravan

C.S. mapofKatras(1912-1915). Figure 4: (Source: Preparedbytheauthors) . City accessroadtotheBarakatra&ChhotoKatrathrough Figure 5: has completelydisappearednow. (Hassan,1958) Katra was acaravan-sarai, the northern part of which of theBaraKatra.It therefore, appearsthatBara landmark ofDhakafromtheriverfrontage(Figure and themassiveoctagonaltowers,hadbeena passages four by flanked and rooms three-storied stately gateway,extinct). Itssouthern now bearing west are (the gatestotheeastand lofty gateways near the extensive building Taifoor (1956)describedtheBaraKatraasan lost). (Source:Hossain,M.S.,2006) of Bara katra(now Inscriptions onthenortherngateway Figure 6: Southern wingofBaraKatra(left) andruinofnortherngate(right).(Source:PaintingD’Oyly, 1823). Figure 7: Chawk bazar withfour & Figure9). 8 Figure 7, (Figure documentations photographic their virtual reconstruction arestated belowwith status ofBaroKatrafromHistoricDocumentsand In thisresearchpaper, theauthorsstudied 2006) Dhaka usedthebuildingashisresidence.(Hossain, style. imperial Mughal In 1765 Nayab–eNazimof the of features the all with embellished was and fortified highly was Katra Bara the Asia, Central of Following thetraditionalpatternofcaravan-sarai could beapproachedfromthesubsidiarystructures. 5). The threestoriedcornertowers were hollowand General information: Katra Present Status ofBar plinth oftheexistingruins.(Hossain,2006) fill in the area has raised the ground level above the has now receded from the structures. Moreover, land it, to adjacent flow to used once that riverbank The structures. by thenewlybuilt occupied are buildings ruins. The open-to-sky-spaces enclosedbythe through the gateways, created by the remaining The narrowstreet known asBaraKatraLaneruns spaces for public gathering cannot be provided. development andhighlandvalues,properurban permit vehicularaccess.Duetouncontrolled and ventilation. The narrow road network doesn’t lighting the structure restrictsproper around space resulted initbeingvisuallyobscured.Inadequate The dense settlements around Bara Katra have Proposing aConservationManagementPlanforBaraKatra

Nakhara 61 Nakhara 62 Katra” hasbeenindicatedbelow in Ta ble 1. artifact“Bara ofthe status present the regarding Therefore, some important general information (Figure 11). (ShaikhandMowla,2009) Open courtsareoccupiedbyincompatiblefunctions great threatforits use ofBaroKatra 11(Figure improvement &Figure12). The present turrets needing proper initiatives for repair and corner and staircases, floor, roof, walls, damaged (Figure 10). Moreover,gateways thereareseveral The visualobstaclesaremoreprominentinallthe around the artifacts is creating visual obstacles. adjacent to the sites. The dense settlement inand identity crisisduetonewsettlementswithinand Baro katra courtyard.1950 (left). (left); Entrance,southwing,1964(middle);wingfromthe Entrance, southwingfromthecourtyard.1950 Figure 9: elevation ofsouthwing((right)in1930 A.D. north (middle); of southwing gateway (left); Entrance (Source: BritishMuseum) photo taken1870 Boro katrasouthview- Figure 8: Shirajom MoniraKhondker/MehnazTabassum in theirpresentstateareaserious and itssurroundingareasisa physical andvisualexistence.

Mowla, 2009) illegal asitisalargewaqf or semi-pucca but the plots are usedby newly constructedpucca Baro Katra which canstillbeseenonthe Ward map of footprints the physical describes The Figure13 13 &Figure14. ground floor plan have been shown below in Figure area occupiedbytheartifactandsurviving the of BaraKatraincluding The existingdrawings Existing drawingsofBaraKatra: Morphological analysis constructions which are obviously are obviously which constructions property. (Shaikh and Existing situationinsidethecourtyard(left);Ruinconditionofstaircase1 Figure 11: details (right).(Source:Photographstakenbytheauthors). Access pathwaytosouthernentrance(left);SouthernofBaraKatra(middle);Insidethegatewaywithplaster Figure 10: (Source: Photographs takenbytheauthors). Existing situationofthecorneroctagonal turrets(hollowedtower)ofBaraKatra. Figure 12: (Source: Photographstakenbytheauthors). Proposing aConservationManagementPlanforBaraKatra st &2 nd flooroftheartifact(right).

Nakhara 63 Nakhara 64 penetration oflight.(Shaikhand Mowla, theusual preventing aresealed openings of the most staircases and floor ground the on currently ample natural lighting wasensuredby windows. But in thetraditionalMughalstyle openings of secondfloor. Though thebuilding hassmall structuresare alsoaddedontheterrace tin shaded Some made. been have floor first of terrace the on additions of a newly builttoiletandablutionspaces categories thattheyimpedethevisualquality. The many incompatible additions of shops of different still exist as ruins.In the entrancehallthereareso completely disappearedbutthesouthernwings side. have on northside withentrance The wings structure) intheeastandmadrasa (colonial residences built newly the with standing of wallsandfoundationseastwestwings Katra of theeast and westwings,allotherpartsofBara and someportions with agateway wing Southern are elaborately explained here. Except for the the artifactBaraKatrawithpresentactivitieswhich structures of 14 describesthesurviving The Figure Table 1:GeneralinformationofBaraKatra(Source:Hossain,2006) Shirajom MoniraKhondker/MehnazTabassum Present Use: Physical Condition: Accessibility andV Population: User Group: Responsible Authorities: Address: Ownership: Builder: Built in: Area occupiedbythestructure: Building type: Designation oftheproperty: have almost disappeared. have almostdisappeared. There aretraces isibility: Subdivided andusedasawarehouse,school,shop,residence. extensively encroached. Extremely dilapidatedcondition,withinnercourtandsurroundings Extremely Poor. Over 2000peoplestayattheproperty. central enclosedspaceisfilledwithdifferent unplannedsettlements. wing), Eastwingisoccupiedbyshopsandwarehouses,North Jamiatul Husainia Ashraful Ulum-MadrasaandMosque(SouthWest Archaeology Bangladesh,RAJUK,CityCorporation,Dhaka. The trusteeboardofJamiatulHusainia Ashraful Ulum,DepartmentOf 41/a, 14,15,33,34,Chauk holidngno.16, 17,18,19,31,32,32/1,41/2,38,39,40,40/a,40/b,40/c,41, “WAQF” propertybelongstothestate. prince orderedhim. Abu Qasim,Chief Architect oftheMughal Commissioned in1446 A.D And foundedin1644A.D. 57,8,70sft Mughal archaeology, Bangladesh. “BARA KATRA”- ProtectedasHistoricMonumentbytheDepartmentof

in thewest 2009) entrance, CaravanSarai. (part planofsheeno.-16,atDhaka city, wardno.-5&6). by theartifact BaraKatrashowninred Area occupied Figure 13: bazaar, Dhaka. prince ShahSujabuiltitasthe (Source: FieldSurvey, 2010,Departmentof Archaeology, Bangladesh). Existing groundfloorplanwithuse patternofBaraKatra. Figure 14: Proposing aConservationManagementPlanforBaraKatra

Nakhara 65 Nakhara 66 the artifact. arethoseareas Areas tobeacquired of Bara Katra including areas to be acquired for The Figure15describestheexistingdrawings after properconservation. as itwasinthepast) in thefuture(aswell become Katra demonstrateabouthowthebuildingwill Here conjecturalor drawings of hypothetical Bara Conjectural drawingsofBaraKatra: Shirajom MoniraKhondker/MehnazTabassum 14p, 21p,22p,23p,24p,34,42,43, 44,45,101,32p.) plot no: 27 (part), 94,100,101 (part), 46,47,49,91,92,93, Protected siteofBaraKatra at 1912-1915; Dacca required Shahar Dacca,Ward No:5&6,SheetNo-16,C.Smap of (Source: Department Reference- Mouza Archaeology; Area tobeacquiredforkatrasshowninred,1958. Figure 15:

Figure 17,18,19,&20. of southwing)havebeenshownbelowinFigure16, and sectional elevation of south wing(north elevation second floor plan, river front of elevation of south drawing wing, conjectural plan, floor first of drawing Conjectural drawing of ground floor plan, conjectural process oftheartifact. and conservation restoration structures shouldbedemolishedaspartofthe occupied. which arecurrentlyillegally These illegal (Source: Departmentof Archaeology, Bangladesh) Conjectural DrawingofgroundfloorBaraKatra. Figure 16: (Source: Departmentof Archaeology, Bangladesh,1981). River frontelevationofsouthwingBaraKatra. Figure 19: (Source: Departmentof Archaeology, Bangladesh,1981). Conjectural DrawingofsecondfloorplanBaraKatra. Figure 18: (Source: Departmentof Archaeology, Bangladesh,1981). Conjectural DrawingoffirstfloorplanBaraKatra. Figure 17: Proposing aConservationManagementPlanforBaraKatra

Nakhara 67 Nakhara 68 Most importantly, theco-ordinationamongthese questions; Where,Who,What, HowandWhen. vital five answers It process. theoretical a as well Conservation Management Plan is a document as as wellas its physical character. Generally, a socio-economic, historical, and cultural aspects identify how to retain, conserve and enhance the for the CMP of Bara Katra. The proposal will In this article the authors will present the proposal heritage buildingorplace. forthesustainablefutureofthat and actionplans strategies or policies justifiable and clear provide should CMP The significance. or values heritage historical or toitscultural regard with out carried decisions about a heritage building or place are The main objective of the CMP is to ensure that spirit ofoldcity.” –NormanFoster existing elementstomaintainandperpetuatethe old buildings; itismakingthebestuseof “Conservation notjustmakingamuseumof plan (CMP) Conserv (Source: Departmentof Archaeology, Bangladesh,1981). Sectional elevationofsouthwingBaraKatra(northwing). Figure 20: Shirajom MoniraKhondker/MehnazTabassum ation manage ment

in relationtotheCMP ofBaraKatra; In-depth, these five vital questions are stated below developed. CMP asuccessful enables answers five tobe means; or place. management of a heritagebuilding That principal guidingdocumentforconservation and A ConservationManagementPlan(CMP)isthe components areshowninthe followingdiagram; co-relation among the three components. These the upon CMP depends the site significant any For attributes should not bereformed or destroyed. retain its meaning and importance its to value defining building heritage or site a For significant?” site or siteisimportant. building “Why isa That means, heritage a of significance the of understanding An Where: parties. is sharedbythesethree which forms ofsubmission So the whole property is a synthesis of different for different uses; hops,residences and warehouse. by different andcontrolled rest ispossessed parties the and is awaqfproperty west wing The southand Present statusoftheproperty: significance the essentially, most and site, the of present statusoftheproperty, the presentcondition should beconsidered sophisticatedly. The overall To propose aCMP for BaraKatra the abovesituation for BaraKatra,isnotingoodcondition components The presentco-relationsituationamongthesethree following diagram; in the which isshown to lackofmaintenance due briefly inthefollowing; thoroughly investigated. These issues are explained is tobe building ofthisheritage or valueanalyses looks aftertheproperty. by the department for Waqf body Maintainer: “Thetrusteeboard”, anappointed (institute forIslamicstudies)and mosque. User: Jamiatul Husainia Ashraful Ulum Madrasa to thestate. Owners: The property is devoted to God and belongs Proposing aConservationManagementPlanforBaraKatra estates, Bangladesh

Nakhara 69 Nakhara 70 Dhaka andalsothepurposeof thebuilding. the ruleofMughal declares of 1644A.Darefoundonthebuilding. The inscription of theMughal b) of architectureinBangladesh. history the enriching value documentary significant served ascaravansaraiinBangladesh.Ithas as thebiggerandolderoftwostructuresthat monument ofKatra is aMughal values: The building a) Documentary Cultural V typical Mughal remaining significant the of one is a) Identity:This Emotional values: values ofBaraKatra’s artifactarestatedbellow: cultural values,useandthesignificance values, the analysesofemotional After considering Katra: V (Source: Hossain,M.S.,2006). Existing situationofthedensesettlementsaroundartifact. Figure 21: in thefollowing. Bara Katraisshown around situation The present Present conditionofthesite: Shirajom MoniraKhondker/MehnazTabassum the importanceofbeingabletotraceMughalrule. a greatdealofrespectforhistoricstructuresand b) the artifactisalandmarkforDhakacity. fromtheriver When approaching (1608-1764A.D) alues orsignificanceanalysesofBara Historic value: Respect and veneration: Thecivicsocietyhas alues: rule inthecity. Two writteninscriptions

style buildings of the Mughalperiod style buildings The structure is historic evidence typology thatisconsidered

prince ShahSujain

period. developed duringtheMughal structures, urban spaces and roadnetworks has aprofoundrelationshipwithotherimportant Mughal represents animportantstructureofthehistoric it as significant is artifact e) Urbanscape:The sense. with color and texture reflects the majestic aesthetic Selection of materials andapplication decoration composition from of this simpleplan of sense magnificent a producing in succeeded who the architect of skill the testifies repetitions style. Harmonizationofvariouselementsthrough with allthefeaturesofImperial Central Asia’s caravansarai and itwasembellished patterns of the traditional on agrandscalefollowing value: d) Architectural structure aprotectedhistoricmonument. Archaeology, Bangladesh,hasalready declared the pointofview.an archaeological of The department from is morethan350yearsoldanditvaluable c) Archaeological andagevalue:Thebuilding complicacy fortheartifact. are creating visual obstacles as well as more built structures how thenewly Figure 21.describes used as a mosque and sarai Though the buildingused to serve asacaravan a) Functional isstillinuse. values: Thebuilding Use values: and 22roomsofitwereshops, itiscurrently city developmentprocess. The structure The building was planned The building madrasa and thecolonial and the ground Caravan sarai. Mughal professionals etc. academics, highways, and roads authorities, local community, trustee board, housing development Stakeholders: Archeology, RAJUK,CityCorporationetc. of such asDepartment board; b) theconservation a) thelocalgovernment Decision makers: artifact. processofthe as sponsorshipfortheconservation as well in theinvestments are directlyinvolved who identify keyissues,andthedifferent stakeholders, stages. implementation and planning to They need the CMP,in developing involved inboththeearly The decisionmakersarethosewhointricately of aCMP. stage stageandimplementation in thepreparation differentand makers involved directly stakeholders and monitoring of CMP?” The ‘who’ are the decision “Who are responsible for preparation, implementation Who: city. politics, archaeology, and urban design of the for research andstudy of the history, architecture, d) buildings inproximity. historic other are there as spot atourist as area play a and identifyingthe vital role inspearheading numbers of tourists funds as and generate it could c) evidence. of prideforthelocalpeopleasitactshistoric society. Infact,thegrandstructureisnowamatter city. So,thebuildinghas immense impactonlocal is highly related to the historic development of the b) Socialvalue:Thesocialstructureofthearea functionally important. floor is occupied by shops. Thus, the structure is still The building could attract huge Economic value:Thebuildingcouldattracthuge Educational value:The artifact isimportant findings arestatedbelow: degrees ofinterventionfortheartifact. These with considering strategies orpolices conservation This wasdoneinorderto recommend appropriate Bara Katra, the authorsinitiatedaSWOT analysis. As part of the researchof developing theCMP of (if necessary)CMP. andchangethe maintenance implement, will guide, which or policestocreateactionplans, strategies thenecessaryconservation It is aboutdeveloping What: this Bara Katra canstillattract a huge amountof Archaeology. If properly maintained andconserved, Opportunities: facilities forthetourists. or of provision in ashortage of BaraKatraresulted torealizethehistoricvalues among theinhabitants or awarenesstopreservethesite.Lackof W governed bydefiniterules. adjacent community. It is awaqf property, which is the within interaction better social that couldensure characters ofBaraKatracanbeadaptedforre-use Strength: The buildingmorphologyandspatial The SWOT analysisoftheartifactareasfollows: Opportunity and Threat; is essential and very helpful. plan SWOT analysis; i.e. Strength, Weakness, For anyculturalheritageconservationmanagement SWOT analysis: eakness: There isnolocal community participation Proposing aConservationManagementPlanforBaraKatra It is enlisted by thedepartment of It is enlisted

Nakhara 71 Nakhara 72 ensure continueddurabilityand structuralintegrity. in fabricatesto be considered should grouting like material or adhesive of thesupportive Application continued durabilityorstructural integrity. fabric ofculturalproperty, inordertoensureits of or supportive materialsintothe adhesive actual is the Consolidation physical additionor application c) Consolidation: patina intheexistingruinshouldbegivenpriority. building. of the heritage quality of The preservation cultural and aesthetic the topreserve done be should For BaraKatra,most retention andleast intervention to preservethestructure. pests and micro-organisms must be stopped in order agents andbyalltypesof all itsforms,bychemical decay. Damage anddestructioncausedbywaterin be carried out when necessary to prevent further must object istokeepitinitsexistingstate.Repairs Preservation dealsdirectlywithheritageproperty. Its b) Preservation: primary guidelineforthehistoricremainsBaraKatra. Here, preventivemaintenancecanserveasa of decayanddamagefrombecomingactive. agents its environment,thuspreventing controlling Prevention entails protecting cultural property by a) Preventionofdeterioration: in thefollowing; and architectural monument which are briefly defined some degreesof intervention regardingthis historical developing aCMP of Bara Katra willbeconsidered in Recommended conservationstrategiesorpolicesfor Conservation strategiesorpolices: of conservationinitiative. The physicalqualityisfastdeterioratingduetolack of thehistoricarea. quality on physicalandvisual effectsthe BaraKatra,creatingadverse swallowing is gradually around theneighborhood development andincompatible uncontrolled Threat: Unplanned, artifact wouldmakeitaccessibletotourist. road networksnearthe to thesouthanddeveloping works roadto the north andthe embankment road businesses. Connecting Katra with the nearbywater and internationaltouristaswellrelated commercial return from local, regional, domestic Shirajom MoniraKhondker/MehnazTabassum

recommended for adapting theoriginal use, i.e., Proposed use of Bara Katra – it is highly warehouses atgroundfloor. and shops, different floor, 2nd and 1st on hostel use ofBaraKatra–Islamicschool(madrasa)with of the fabric, asit meansfewer changes.The present The originaluseisgenerallythebest forconservation modernization withorwithoutadaptivealteration. may involve what the French call to objectsiskeeptheminuse—apracticewhich asopposed buildings The bestwayofpreserving f) Rehabilitations: research study. in thepresent statusof previously BaraKatrainthis documented drawingsofBaraKatraexplained should beprepared with the helpof existing historic evidence.Conjecturaldocumenteddrawings andauthentic based uponaccuratedocumentation must be which needed is essentially reconstruction Here, asinrestoration for Bara Katra, the conjecture. accurate Documentationandevidence,neverupon in restoration,reconstructionmust be basedupon cannot havethepatinaofage. Reconstruction As by disasterssuchasfire,earthquakeorwar. centers usingnewmaterialsmay he necessitated historic and buildings historic of Reconstruction e) Reconstruction: evidences. (historical) archaeological status ofBaraKatra)and in this study at the historic overview with the present (whicharestated detail drawingsandphotographs with basis ofexistingruin,authenticdocumentation on the can bedone south, eastandwesternwings For BaraKatra,properrestorationtorevivethenorth, decorative elementsisanother. of restoration,andthereplacementmissing In a sense, isalsoaform the cleaningof buildings does notfalsifyarchaeologicalorhistoricalevidence. so thattherestoration from theoriginal inspection the wholebutmustbedistinguishableonclose with harmoniously or decayedpartsmustintegrate and authenticdocuments.Replacementof missing design original evidence, archaeological material, frequently andisbaseduponrespectfororiginal and re-integration of details and features occurs concept orlegibilityoftheobject.Restoration The objectofrestorationistorevivetheoriginal d) Restoration:

mise envaleur, or iv iii ii i Proposed conservationwork’s plan: tourism. tradition ofoldDhakaforencouragingandattracting Katra, whichcontinuestoshowthehistorical-cultural ofBara floor ground the on accommodated be also will facilities Some shops guidelines. on particular facilities inoldDhakaandthatshouldbeestablished as‘resthouse’the building tourism forpromoting Bara Katrabyadapting use, itisbesttorehabilitate of during Bengalperiodthisartifactservedthepurpose This meanstodeveloporproposethenecessary heritage building or site be retained in the future?” question of, “How will the significance of the The ’How’ isaboutunderstandingthecircumstantial How:

Taking the justification of original original Caravan sarai.Taking of justification the done primarilyto ensure thestructuralstability with limemortar.plastered be will De-plastering be doneto expose the original masonry wall were plasteredwithcementmortar. This would de-plastering of allinterior andexterior wallsthat The next step in this conservation proposal is courtyard shouldberecovered. 2nd floor) should be removed and the enclosed space on1stand toilet, bathroom,andablution the temporaryandpermanentextensionlike structures within the property (also including To restore the original morphology, all the illegal Bara Katra. of of historicevidences with thehelp recovered After that,thewholepropertyhastobe reflections intherestorationwork. time periodwiththeneedtokeepitsoriginal etc. (ifpossible)oftheartifactBaraKatra’s building layoutwithfurnituredetails,patterns original the find to necessary is it Therefore, through literatureandarchivalresearch. sensitive assessment of its history andmerits isa work the conservation for step first The ix viii vii vi v stated below: considering thedegreesofinterventionswhichare term), andguidelinesfordevelopinganactionplan &long term (short phases steps, recommended CMP, the authors investigated and propose the For the research on Bara Katra’s proposed having aCMP. in benefits of case the argue to tools as used are implement theCMP. Basically, theactionplans a recommendedactionplanwhichhelpsto steps, phases, guidelines and so on for developing in thefollowing; Proposed necessary action plan is briefly designated Proposed necessaryactionplan:

revive the broken partsofthenorth,south,east revive thebroken Proper restorationworkmay be carriedoutto be established. or may may bedeveloped building the around If required,properdrainage systeminand sensibly. as very as well properly be removed should 24) walls andother parts of the building, (Figure vegetation ontheexteriorandinteriormasonry The growthofseveralstranglerfigsand (Figure 23). floors and walls, plinth, existing the into (DPC) proof course damp membrane physical a new properties, itwillbeconsideredtoinsertorinject in old buildings. To prevent therisingdampin Wet wallordampnessisacommonproblem carried out to protect the monument (Figure22). collapse. possibly could may be These repairs and by leakage vault roofs that aredamaged arches, destroyed, partly are that walls brick damages ofstructuralelementslikeloadbearing Necessary repair works includes; cracks and authentic interventionplan. of all masonrywallwhichwillhelppreparean Proposing aConservationManagementPlanforBaraKatra

Nakhara 73 Nakhara 74 (Source: Photographstakenbythe authors). Biological growthofseveralstrangler figsintheartifact,BaraKatra. Figure 24: (Source: Ahmed, “Unfoldingthepast:ConservationofBaroSardarBari”,Publishedin2015). An exampleofinsertiondampproofcourse(DPC)intotheexistingwall. Figure 23: (Source: Hossain,M.S.,2006). Major cracksonexterior, interior, archintheartifact,BaraKatra. Figure 22: Shirajom MoniraKhondker/MehnazTabassum

x artifact. (Source:Hossain,M.S.,2006). of plasterdetailonthesoutherngateway Damage Figure 26: (Source: Hossain,M.S.,2006). Existing door-window analysesforrestorationworkintheartifact,BaraKatra. Figure 25: the central axis. the central of thesouthern The repetition along way isdeveloped the walk and followed of sametypology. As symetricityisstrongly of theartifactandotherMughalartifacts analysis morphology and clues of historic basis as a part of restoration work may be done on the 11 reconstruction alsoabsent, Figure12)is and proper documentation (existing drawings, Figure As and its the north wing istotallydemolished and photographs. authentic documentationwithdetaildrawings of evidences, and existing ruin, archaeological the basis on done parapets, etc. canbe walls, floor (Figure 19), door and windows (Figure 25), the stairsatterraceof2nd especially and westernwingsofthebuilding,staircase, xii xi iii ii i Proposed issuesforpromotingtourism:

with theurban to integratetheartifacts be developed should for the visitors or tourists using riverroutesand be developed to ensure easy pedestrian access Existing road network with Buriganga River may wirings arerecommendedtoensuresafety. and replacements of defected fittings and entire checked properly be should lights and fans, sockets, switch like fittings wiring, Electrical evidences (Figure26). by theproperinvestigationfromhistorical and innerwallsshouldbecarefullyhandled decoration detailsontheplasteratouter to recovermissingornamentationaswell Necessary repairworkandreconstruction 17). 13, Figure14,15,16,and the conjectural documented drawings (Figure which isshownin gateway maybeconsidered parking facilitymay be includedin the proposal. Vehicularentry intothesitewith and pedestrian established basedonparticularguidelines. in oldDhaka. facilities be This functionshould as ‘resthouse’building tourism forpromoting best to Bara Katra rehabilitate by adapting the sarai. when this artifact served the purpose of Caravan due toitshistoricaluseduringBengalperiod Adapting theoriginaluseishighlyrecommended Proposing aConservationManagementPlanforBaraKatra Taking the justification of original use, it is fabric.

Nakhara 75 Nakhara 76 future. characteristics andnothingislefttopreservefor permanently destroyed,ruinedorlostitsheritage a CMP, beforetheheritagebuildingorsiteis developing for stage best the is This managed?” and or sitebeconserved building heritage cultural “After the generating CMP, when will the historical, When: vii vi v iv iii ii i Proposed maintenancework’s plan: Shirajom MoniraKhondker/MehnazTabassum

maintenance purpose. the tourist and visitorsmayalsobeutilizedfor generated from The income the rest house by work. shops maybesetasidebehindthemaintenance to theshopsandpartofincomefrom The rooms at ground floor should be rented out and othervisitors. tourists, researchers,studygroup,journalists Facilities shouldbeprovidedfortheaccessof conserve theheritageartifacts. programs maybetakenuptoprotectand awareness and public participation Community of theexpertsshouldbeconsidered. monthly, annually and according to suggestions and maintenance, periodic maintenance like as; monitoring as required, routine housekeeping Repeated maintenancemay be ensured,such emergency maintenance. a strategynecessarystepsshouldbetakenfor must getpriority,maintenance” “Preventive as and approvedbythestakeholders. carried out by the department of archaeology Any interventions for maintenance should be

plan. This wasdoneasstatedbelow: selected artifactfordevelopingaconservationwork’s the effects aroundthe of uncontrolleddevelopment investigated the present conditionof the ruinand For the research on BaraKatra’s CMP the authors Bara Katra: Effect of uncontrolled development around 27. built structuresareshowninthefollowingFigure alterations, asaruin,andtheadditionsofnewly Bara Katra’s presentconditionofsomethe Present conditionoftheruin: identity of the selected heritage building, Bara Katra, identity oftheselectedheritage building,BaraKatra, Step 02: should beidentified. committee. All relevant stakeholders (investors) along with a formed that will initiateandcoordinatethe project, Step 01: These stepsarestatedbelow: developing aconservationmanagement plan (CMP). in steps five recommend authors study,the this In Plan (CMP) Conserv Recommendatifor ons by theauthorities. also indangerof extinction dueto the lack of care is and condition terrible a in is edifice Mughal this But of Bangladesh. is listedasnationalantiquities is by fully occupied shops (Figure 28). Bara Katra of BaraKatra. southerngateway The onlysurviving small factorieswhichareharmfultothebrickwall of itshistoricpast. by areoccupied The boundaries altered inamannerthat makesit beyondrecognition eastern andwesternwingsareeitherdemolishedor and structuralsafety. morphology the building The ignoring floors new add also They structures. new the wallsto build users arefrequentlydemolishing the ofthevaluebuilding, existence. Unaware to thebuilding’shazardous and visual and physical the artifactisbeingused,veryunsympathetic Currently, BaraKatraisstillinuse.Buttheway All necessary information about the A team (decision makers) should be project leader and a management ation Mangement a determined andaSWOT analysisundertaken. principles integrity oftheartifact.Guiding and key associated with the artifact are determined and Step 03: conducted. the stateofconservation archaeology department. A condition survey of as development plansandlegaldocumentsfrom well asinformationregardingdevelopment,such present usersandmanagementauthorities,as including; oral historiesandintangibleheritage, information about Bara Katra must begathered, should begathered. Additionally, allavailable such as building boundaries and (Source: Photographstakenbytheauthors). in thedensesettlementsofChowkBazar,by shops,factories,warehouses The artifactisfullyoccupied oldDhaka. Figure 28: (Source: Photographstakenbytheauthors). Present conditionsofsomealterations,asaruin,andtheadditionsnewlybuiltstructuresinBaraKatra. Figure 27: issues identified along with the authenticity with along identified issues Values significance andcultural of this building should be should of thisbuilding photographs, are enlisted as world enlisted as architectural heritagesites. world Every for BaraKatra tobe There isaworthypossibility actions needtobedocumented accurately. The CMP of theCMP.for theimplementation be responsible the including identified, required for the implementation of the planshould be defined short-term and long-term actions. Step 05: strategy. developed, includinga monitoringandevaluation be should plan and implementation An actionplan along withstrategiesformeetingthe objectives. Step 04: Proposing aConservationManagementPlanforBaraKatra is communicated to all stakeholders. to all is communicated All The CMP is implemented with clearly bedeveloped, must objectives Specific institution or office that will that office or institution Resources Resources

Nakhara 77 Nakhara 78 past. to tellthetruesocio-culturalhistorical generations tourism and will also help the present and future of old Dhaka. It can berecycledto earn revenueby proposal of the historical and architectural heritages as apartoftheurbanconservation be considered existence.Moreover, sustainable for its thiswill of CMP for Bara Katra can play an effective role proposals forthe guidelines and implementation revitalize thisuniqueheritagebuilding. The authors’ policies for the architectural conservation to proposed contextualactionplanwithmanagement a developed the authors the artifact.Inthisregard Katra is essentiallyneededto conserve and manage plan (CMP)forBara a conservationmanagement Due totheabovecircumstances,ithasbeenfeltthat scarcity. developments, climaticadversaries,misuseand the faceofcontemporary striving tosurviveamong past. Presently, this historical artifact of oldDhaka is which makesit a strong andgloriousimageof the socio-cultural historyof and heritage Bangladesh, undoubtedly made a profound contribution to the of Mughal architecture, this unique building has an individuality and identity of its own. As a reflection Katra” has “Bara named of oldDhaka, monument it isapparentthatthehistoricalandarchitectural From the discussion aswell the revealed situation, Conclusion artifacts. be initiated to protect and conserve the heritage and public awarenessprogramsmay participation Community persevered. be should it why and artifact for socialawarenessaboutthevalueofthisheritage There maybepromotional activities at national levels architectural heritages. so thatthesecanbecomepartofworld antiquities Guidelines shouldbefollowedtoconservethe National existing Antiquities Act 1968,International the to Parallel edifice. Mughal this of view closer year manyforeigntouristsvisitthissitetohavea Shirajom MoniraKhondker/MehnazTabassum

Taylor,James (1840): Topography ofDacca. Printing Press,Dhaka. Taifoor, S.M (1956): Glimpses of Old Dhaka, Pioneer Archaeology, JU,andVol-15. of theDept. Journal Street, Pratnatattve,and Panam the Architectural Styleofthe Antiquity Buildingsin Shaikh, Z.U. andMowla, Q.A (2009): Documenting researchgate.net/publication/282567441. for HistoricKatrasintoDhaka’s Fabric,https://www. Urban Mowla, Q.A.andShaikh,Z.U.(2013):IntegrationProposal Review, Vol.6, pp.33-38. Dhaka – An analyticalDebate,JahangirnagarPlanning forOld RedevelopmentStrategy Mowla, Q.A.(2008): Hongkong,1990. Unpublished M.UrbanDesign Thesis, Universityof To BeVacated ByDhakaCentralJailInOldDhaka”- Mowla,Q.A (1990): “Urban Design Vision For the Land conservation. Jukka Jukilehto (1999): A history of Architectural submitted atLundUniversity, Lund,Sweden. concept paperforBaraKatra,UnpublishedPGT report Hossain, M.S(2006):Conservationandmanagementa Pakistan, Asiatic Press,Dacca. Hassan, S. M. (1958): Ancient Monuments of East Fletcher,Sir.B (1987): A Historyof Architecture. Buildings. of Historic Conservation edition): (2003,thirh Fielden,B.M report ofB.Arch. approach to identity the heritage trail of old Dhaka, seminar Farooq, M.A.A.(2015): A journeythroughhistory-an Volume-I, Volume-II by, R.A.J.U.K(1997). Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan, (1995-2015), Dani,A.H (1962): Dacca - A Record of Its Changing Fortune. London. D’Oyly, Sir. C(1823): Landseer,of Dacca,John Antiquities ReferenceS