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DOM: Document Object Model

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DOM: Document Object Model DOM: Document Object Model • browser presents an object interface – accessible from Javascript • window object has methods, properties, events – alert(msg), prompt(msg), open(url), ... – size, position, history, status bar, ... – onload, onunload, ... – window.document: the document displayed • document object holds page or frame contents – elements stored in a tree tags, attributes, text, ... – each element is accessible through the DOM – through functions called from Javascript • element properties can be accessed & changed • elements can be added or removed • page is "reflowed" (smart redraw) when anything changes Basic events on forms <head> <script> function setfocus() { document.srch.q.focus(); } </script> </head> <body onload='setfocus();'> <H1>Basic events on forms</H1> <form name=srch action="http://www.google.com/search?q="+srch.q.value> <input type=text size=25 id=q name=q value="" onmouseover='setfocus()'> <input type=button value="Google" name=but onclick='window.location="http://www.google.com/search? q="+srch.q.value'> <input type=button value="Wikipedia" name=but onclick='window.location="http://en.wikipedia.com/ wiki/"+srch.q.value'> <input type=reset onclick='srch.q.value=""' > </form> More examples... • in a form: <form> <input type=button value="Hit me" onClick='alert("Ouch! That hurt.")'> <P> <input type=text name=url size=40 value="http://"> <input type=button value="open" onClick='window.open(url.value)'> <P> <input type=text name=url2 size=40 value="http://"> <input type=button value="load" onClick='window.location=url2.value'> <P> <input type=button value="color it " onClick='document.bgColor=color.value'> <input type=text name=color value='type a color'> <input type=button value='make it white' onClick='document.bgColor="white"'> </form> • in a tag <body onUnload='alert("bugging out")'> • on an image <img src="smiley.jpg" onMouseover='src="frowny.gif"' onMouseout='src="smiley.jpg"'> • etc. CSS: Cascading Style Sheets • a language describing how to display (X)HTML documents • separates structure (HTML) from presentation (CSS) • style properties can be set by declarations – for individual elements, or all elements of a type, or with a particular name • can control color, alignment, border, margins, padding, … <style type="text/css" media="all"> body { background: #fff; color: #000; } pre { font-weight: bold; background-color: #ffffcc; } a:hover { color: #00f; font-weight: bold; background-color: yellow; } </style> • style properties can be queried and set by Javascript <body id="body"> <script> var b = document.getElementById("body") b.style.backgroundColor='lightyellow' b.style.fontFamily='Verdana'; b.style.fontSize='14px' b.style.color='blue' </script> CSS syntax • optional-selector { property : value; property : value; … }! • selectors: – HTML tags like h1, p, div, … – .classname (all elements with that classname) – #idname (all elements with that idname) – :pseudo-class (all elements of that pseudo-class, like hover) h1 { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: #00f }! h2, h3 { margin:0 0 14px; padding-bottom:5px; color:#666; }! .big { font-size: 200%; }! • styles can be defined inline or (better) from a file: <link rel="stylesheet" href="mystyle.css">! • can be defined in <style> ... </style> tag • can be set in a style="..." attribute in an element tag <p class=big style="color:red">! More CSS examples (with thanks to notes by Austin Walker '13) • select all <div> elements div { text-align: left; }! • select all elements with id princeton #princeton { color:#FF9933; font-size: 200%; }! • select all elements with class yale .yale { color:#AA0000; font-size: 50%; }! • select all <P> elements with class harvard p.harvard { color: 0000AA; font-size: 10%; }! Dynamic CSS • style properties can be set dynamically – color, alignment, border, margins, padding, ... – for individual elements, or all elements of a type – can be queried and set by Javascript <script> window.onload = function() { var p = document.getElementsByTagName("P"); for (var i = 0; i < p.length; i++) { p[i].onmouseover = function() { this.style.backgroundColor = "yellow"; }; p[i].onmouseout = function() { this.style.backgroundColor = "white"; }; } } </script> CSS dynamic positioning • DOM elements have "style" attributes for positioning – a separate component of CSS – provides direct control of where elements are placed on page – elements can overlap other elements on separate layers • basis for animation, drag & drop • often controlled by Javascript <img src="dog.jpg" id="dog" onClick='hit()' style="position:absolute; left:100px; top:60px" > var dog = document.getElementById("dog") dog.style.left = 300 * Math.random() + "px" dog.style.top = 300 * Math.random() + "px" Other HTML stuff • specialized markups – SVG (scalable vector graphics) – Canvas Tags (scriptable graphics) – HTML5 (next version, to help replace Flash, Silverlight, etc.) • XUL (XML user interface language) – built from CSS, Javascript, DOM – analogous extension mechanisms in Chrome and Safari – portable definition of common widgets like buttons • browser plug-ins and extensions – Firebug – Greasemonkey • ... XMLHttpRequest ("XHR") • interactions between client and server are usually synchronous – there can be significant delay – page has to be completely redrawn • XMLHttpRequest provides asynchronous communication with server – often no visible delay – page does not have to be completely redrawn • first widespread use in Google Suggest, Maps, Gmail (Feb 2005) – "The real importance of Google's map and satellite program, however, is not its impressive exterior but the novel technology, known as Ajax, that lies beneath." (James Fallows, NY Times, 4/17/05) • Ajax: Asynchronous Javascript + XML (shorthand/marketing/buzzword term coined 2/05) – (X)HTML + CSS for presentation – DOM for changing display – Javascript to implement client actions – XML for data exchange with server (but it doesn't have to use XML) – "server agnostic": server can use any technology Ajax interface to Princeton directory <h1> unPhonebook</h1> <form name=phone> Type here: <input type="text" id="pat" onkeyup='geturl(pat.value);' > </form> <pre id="place"></pre> Basic structure of Ajax code in browser var req; function geturl(s) { if (s.length > 1) { url = 'http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~bwk/phone3.cgi?' + s; loadXMLDoc(url); // loads asynchronously } } function loadXMLDoc(url) { req = new XMLHttpRequest(); if (req) { req.onreadystatechange = processReqChange; req.open("GET", url); req.send(null); } } function processReqChange() { if (req.readyState == 4) { // completed request if (req.status == 200) // successful show(req.responseText); // could be responseXML } } function show(s) { // show whatever came back document.getElementById("place").innerHTML = s } Callbacks • callback: a function that is passed as an argument to another function, and executed after the parent function has been executed – functions can be passed around like variables • callback with no argument foo(args, myCallback); • callback with arguments: anonymous function that calls the callback when invoked foo(args, function() { myCallback(param1, param2); }); – still have to get the arguments to it XHR with callback function loadXMLDoc(url) { req = new XMLHttpRequest(); if (req) { req.onreadystatechange = function() { window.status = req.statusText; if (req.readyState == 4) { // completed request if (req.status == 200) // successful show(req.responseText); } }; req.open("GET", url); req.send(null); } } Simpler server script (phone3.cgi) #!/bin/sh echo "Content-Type: text/html"; echo q1=`echo $QUERY_STRING | gawk '{ n=split($0, x, "%20"); print x[1]}'` q2=`echo $QUERY_STRING | gawk '{ n=split($0, x, "%20"); print x[2]}'` q3=`echo $QUERY_STRING | gawk '{ n=split($0, x, "%20"); print x[3]}'` grep -i "$q1" phone.txt | grep -i ".$q2" | grep -i ".$q3" • works on precomputed data file .
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