Natural Resources Ressources naturelles Canada

Quaternary

OI I I I I I OI POSTGLACIAL 57 00 55 50 45 40 35 56 30 Recent

OI OI 6 Made Land: Mine workings, including tailings and tailings ponds, >2m thick. 49 00 49 00

Pond Organic terrain: Peat, peaty muck occurring in bogs, string bogs, and fens; 5 characteristic of low-lying, poorly drained areas, but can also be widespread on hillsides;1 to >2m thick.

Eclipse Alluvial Deposits: Silt, sand, gravel, and boulder gravel;deposited in channels or on 3 floodplains by modern rivers and streams;typically thin (<1m), locally several metres thick.

PROGLACIAL and GLACIAL Last Glaciation

Glaciofluvial Deposits: Stratified sediments deposited by glacial meltwater either beneath or in front of glacier ice.

Outwash: Sand, gravel, and boulder gravel;poorly sorted to unsorted, with clasts HINDS 2b subangular to rounded;locally channelized;deposited on former floodplains; 1 to >10m thick. MARCHES

Ice Contact Stratified Drift: Sand, gravel, boulder gravel, and diamicton;interstratified BROOK 2a and poorly sorted to well sorted with clasts typically angular to subrounded;forming LAKE hummocks and ridges;includes eskers, crevasse fillings, kames, and kame moraines; deposited subglacially, and subaerially near ice margins where meltwater streams emerge;2 to >10m thick. THE TOPSAILS Glacial Deposits: Silty to sandy diamicton (till), unsorted to poorly sorted sandy gravel, gravel and boulder gravel;deposited directly from glacier ice and modified to varying degrees by resedimentation processes, including debris flow. Texture, colour, composition and thickness reflect bedrock lithology and glacial history. Sediments derived from granitic intrusive rock of the Topsails Plateau (12A/15, 12H/1) are reddish brown, brown and gray sandy diamicts and are typically thin (<1m). In areas underlain by volcanic bedrock of the Buchans and Victoria Lake groups (12A/10, 15, 16), they are yellow-brown, gray brown and brown sandy silt diamicts that thicken generally southward (12A/10) where they can mask bedrock topography. Sediments derived from red sedimentary rock in basin are red silty diamicts. To the east (12A/16), those derived from sedimentary rock of the Victoria Lake Group are gray to brown-gray sandy diamicts.

Till and poorly sorted gravel and sandy gravel;gravel occurs as discontinuous 1c veneer, channel fills, and small hummocks and morainic ridges;surface can be characterized by channels that either lead directly downslope toward major valleys (12A/16) or lie across hillsides where they define the positions of former ice margins (12A/15;12H/1). Unit comprises till modified by glacial meltwater and debris flow in subglacial and ice marginal environments;2 to >5m thick.

Till;partially masking bedrock topography, and forming hummocky terrain (12A/10). 1b Near Buchans (12A/15), it incorporates and can overlie thick sequences (5 to >20m) I 55 I of gray silt, sand and gravel comprising pre-existing glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial 55 deposits;>2m and generally <4m thick.

Drift and rock: Till as a veneer and discontinuous patches, generally <2 m thick, and 1a rock dominated terrain (<50% outcrop) with scattered boulders and till;thicker till and stratified sediments can locally occur in depressions.

PREGLACIAL

Bedrock: Sedimentary, volcanic, and intrusive rocks of Ordovician to Carboniferous R ages;commonly glacially scoured and streamlined;includes small areas of till and glaciofluvial sediments.

NOTE: Legend is common to Lake Ambrose (12A/10), Buchans (12A/15), and Badger (12A/ 6) map areas, some units may not occur on all maps.

S SYMBOLS

N Geological boundary (assumed) ...... I

A Meltwater channel (small, side hill, direction of flow indicated) ......

Meltwater channel (large) ......

NT Esker (inferred direction of meltwater flow indicated) ......

U Glaciofluvial terrace ...... O Recessional or end moraine ...... M

Ribbed moraine and other minor morainic landforms transverse to ice flow direction ..

Glacially streamlined landform (fluting, crag and tail showing ice flow direction) ......

SmalI Bedrock Outcrop (not shown for unit R) ......

Striation (ice flow direction known, unknown;poorly defined) ...... E

G Minor scarp or bench defining a shoreline or ice-marginal position ...... d n Buchans o P N nd pla a L A Lake REFERENCES R Klassen, R. A. 1993: A preliminary interpretation of ice flow patterns and glacial history, central (extended abstract), Report of Activities, 1993. Geological Survey Branch, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, pp. 34-40. k oo Br h arc 1994: A preliminary interpretation of ice flow patterns and glacial history, central Newfoundland, Current Research y M G Mar 1994-D. Geological Survey of Canada, pp. 13-22.

N I I 50 50 1994: Till geochemistry and ice flow data, central Newfoundland (NTS 12A/10, 15, 16; 12H/1). Open File 2823. O Geological Survey of Canada, 350 pp. L Klassen, R. A. and Murton, J. B. 1996: Quaternary geology of the Buchans area, Newfoundland: Implications for mineral exploration. Canadian Buchans Journal of Earth Sciences, 33(2): 363-377.

Klassen, R. A. 1998: Geological factors affecting the distribution of trace metals in glacial sediments of central Newfoundland. B NOTCHED U Environmental Geology, 33(2/3): 154-169. C H A N MOUNTAIN S Liverman, D., Klassen, R. A., Davenport, P. and Honarvar, P. 1996: Till geochemistry, Buchans-Robert’s Arm Belt (NTS 12A/15, 12A/16, 2E/5, 2E/12, 12H/01 and 12H/8). B R Open File 2596. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Natural Resources, O Geological Survey, 6pp. O Millertown

K

Note: Open File reports and maps issued by the Geological Survey Division of the Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources are made available for public use without being formally edited or peer reviewed. They are based 370 upon preliminary data and evaluation.

The purchaser agrees not to provide a digital reproduction or copy of this product to a third party. Derivative products should acknowledge the source of the data.

Disclaimer: The Geological Survey, a division of the Department of Natural Resources (the “authors and publishers”), retains the sole right to the original data and information found in any product produced. The authors and publishers assume no legal liability or responsibility for any alterations, changes or misrepresentations made by third parties with respect to these products or the original data. Furthermore, the Geological Survey assumes no liability with respect to digital reproductions or copies of original products or for derivative products made by third parties. Please consult with the

Recommended citation: Klassen, R. A. and Henderson, P. 2005: Surficial geology of the Buchans map sheet (NTS 12A/15), Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey, Map 2000-05, Open File 012A/15/1153. K E L A I N D I A N Buchans R E D 60° 58° 56° 54° 52° Island Labrador

12P 2M S E X P L O I T St. NEWFOUNDLAND H Anthony A 51° 015050 100 51° R P km O O N

B 12I 2L

K

50° 50°

OI OI 12G 12H 2E 2F 48 45 48 45 Deer Lake ° Gander ° OI I I I I I OI 49 49 Corner 57 00 55 50 45 40 35 56 30 Brook Grand Falls 12B 2C StephenvilleStephenville 12A 2D

48° 48° Port aux St. Basques John's GIS compilation and editing by L. Robertson, Geological Survey of Canada. Surficial geology by R.A. Klassen (12A/10,15) and P. Henderson (12A/16), Geological Survey J 1N MAP 2005-05 of Canada. The map is based on interpretation of aerial photographs (approx. 1:60 000-scale), 11O 11P 1M Cartography by A.H. Paltanavage, Geoscience Publications & Information Section, Geological and on field observations (1991, 1992). Fieldwork is variable, focused primarily along roads 47° 47° Survey of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Natural Resources, Government of OPEN FILE 012A/15/1153 and the map may contain technical errors. Newfoundland and Labrador. 11I 1K This is one in a series of 3 surficial geology maps produced by the Geological Survey of 1L This Open File map is subject to revision. SURFICIAL GEOLOGY OF THE Canada under the Canada-Newfoundland Cooperation Agreement on Mineral Development 58° 56° 54° (1990-1994). Cartography, editing and final layout carried out by the Geological Survey of Any revisions or additional geological information known to the user would be welcomed by the BUCHANS MAP SHEET Newfoundland and Labrador. INDEX MAP Geological Survey of Canada. (NTS 12A/15) Published April, 2005 by the Geological Survey of Newfoundland and Labrador. Digital base map from data compiled by Geomatics Canada, modified by ESS Information. Copies of this map may be obtained from the Geoscience Publications and Information Section, 1842 Some geographical names subject to revision. Scale 1:50 000 Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, P.O. Box 8700, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 4J6. OI I Approximate magnetic declination 1988 for centre of map is 25 21 , decreasing 6.9 annually. 012345 Department: http://www.gov.nl.ca/mines&en North American Datum (NAD) 83. Geological Survey: http://www.gov.nl.ca/mines&en/geosurvey/ kilometres E-mail: [email protected]]. Universal Transverse Mercator Projection (UTM) Zone 21.