Antioxidant Activty of Chloroxylon Swietenia Dc

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVTY OF CHLOROXYLON SWIETENIA DC. LEAVES

1Jyoti shikha Agrawal, 2Ravi Upadhayay, 3Shail bala Sanghi 1Research scholar of Barkatullah University Bhopal (M.P.), INDIA. 2Professor of Botany Department, Govt. P.G. College Pipariya, Hoshangabad (M.P.), INDIA. 3Assistant Professor of Botany Department, M.L.B. College Bhopal (M.P.), INDIA. Contact mail- [email protected]

Abstract : Natural product, especially plants, have been used for the treatment of various diseases in different type of medicinal system in thousands years. Present study indicates that Chloroxylon sweitenia ethanol extract (20 to 100μg/ml) found in antioxidant activity compared with standard antioxidant (ascorbic acid). IC50 value for standard ascorbic acid and extract was respectively found to be (16.98657μg/ml, 70.75719μg/ml). The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract was found to be less than that of standard ascorbic acid.

IndexTerms - Antioxidant activity, DPPH, Chloroxylon sweitenia DC., phytochemicals.

INTRODUCTION Plants provide various types of natural products; plants with healing properties are used in traditional medicine since time immemorial by human beings , they are also known as, ‘Medicinal plants’. These medicinal plants are used for curing various diseases from the prehistoric times (Sumner & Judith 2000; Arsdall & Anne 2002; Atanasov et.al. 2015; Smith–Hall 2012).These medicinal plants synthesize various compounds these synthesized chemical compounds of medicinal value are known as, ‘Phytochemicals’( Newman & Cragg 2012; Brown .& Walton 1999). Phytochemicals are responsible for medicinal activity in the plants; these bioactive compounds are alkaloids, flavonoid and phenolic compounds (Venkataswam et. al. 2010; Gupta et. al. 2010; Kiran & Devi 2007). Basically Phytochemicals are the product of primary or secondary metabolism of plants and provides specific color, flavor and fragrance to the plants. These Phytochemicals are non-essential nutrients which provide immunity against various diseases to the human (Meskin & Mark 2002). The DPPH method was introduced by Marsden Blois (1958). The modified method introduced by Brand-Williams et al. (1995) has been extensively used (Gomez-Alonso et al. 2003; Yepez et al. 2002). EC50 (efficient concentration) term used by (Brand-Williams et al. 1995; Bondet et al. 1997) for the interpretation of the results from DPPH method .This is defined as the concentration of substrate that causes 50% reduction in the DPPH colour (Sagar B. Kedare & Singh 2011). Chloroxylon swietenia is known as ‘Bherul’ in Sanskrit and ‘East Indian Satinwood’ in English. It is a medium sized tree, prefers moist tropical area with a temperature range of 30 – 40 °C, the average rain fall of 1000 – 1500 mm and soil pH of between 5 – 7. C. swietenia is a member of family Rutaceae. This is a moderate size tree of 9-15 meters in height and 1.0-1.2 meter in girth, with short straight, clear bole up to 3 meter, and spreading crown, common in dry deciduous forests throughout peninsular India (Jyoti et.al. 2017). C. swietenia is fund in central and southern India, Sri Lanka, Nigeria and Madagascar. This plant is basically the source of timber used for the home decoration and packing boxes, heavy construction, agriculture and fuelwood. The heartwood of C. swieternia is cream or golden yellow in color and possesses aromatic compounds, which protects them from insects and variety of microbes including fungus( Farmer 1972; Mujumdar et al. 1977).

Figure-1- C.swietenia A; a complete plant, B; The single compound leaf, C; Stem showing bark respectively.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Identification and collection of plant- The plant leaves was collected from forest of Budhani in Sehore district (M.P.). This plant was subsequently identified from local flora and herbarium of C. swietenia DC. In Govt. Narmada P.G. College, Hoshangabad.

Preparation of plant extract-

Leaves were washed thoroughly 2-3 times with running tap water and dried in room temp. After one week dried plant material was blended to make homogenous powder and used for successive soxhlet extraction (Anupam et al., 2011; Mandeep & Sharma 2013; Chaturvedi et.al, 2011) 65 gram of the powder was filled in the thimble and extracted with the ethanol solvents (in the ratio of 1:2). Soxhlet was kept running for 72 hours at 30-40 C, until the solvent color appears in the collection tube.

DPPH radical scavenging activity-

1. Experimental:

DPPH scavenging activity was measured by the spectrophotometer. Stock solution (1.5 mg/ml in methanol) was prepared such that 75 μl of it in 3 ml of methanol gave an initial absorbance of 0.349. Decrease in the absorbance in presence of sample extract at different concentration was noted after 15 minutes.

1.1 Preparation of stock solution of test sample:

10mg of the extract was dissolved in 10 ml of methanol to get 100 μg/ml solutions. JETIR1812A66 I Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www. jetir.org 484 © 2018 JETIR December 2018, Volume 5, Issue 12 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

2.1.1. Dilution of test solution: 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μg/ml solution of the test samples were prepared from stock solution.

2.1.2. Preparation of DPPH solution:

15 mg of DPPH was dissolved in 10 ml of methanol. The final solution was covered with aluminum foil to protect from light.

2.2. Estimation of DPPH radical scavenging activity:

75μl of DPPH solution was taken and volume made till 3 ml with methanol, absorbance was taken immediately at 517 nm for control reading.75 μl of DPPH and 50 μl of the test sample of different concentration were put in a series of volumetric flasks and final volume was adjusted to 3 ml with methanol. Three test samples were taken and each processed similarly. Finally the mean was taken. Absorbance at zero time was taken for each concentration. Final decrease in absorbance was noted of DPPH with the sample at different concentration after 15 minutes at 517 nm. Control absorbance − Test absorbance Calculation of % Reduction = X 100 Control absorbance RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Standard (ascorbic acid)-

Table 1 Showing on absorbance and % inhibition in different concentration of ascorbic acid.

S.No. Concentration μg/ml Absorbance (517nm) % Inhibition 1 Control 0.349 - 2 20 0.162 53.58166 3 40 0.148 57.59312 4 60 0.111 68.19484 5 80 0.072 79.36963 6 100 0.044 87.39255 IC 50 16.98657

Ethanol extract- Table 2 Showing on absorbance and % inhibition in different concentration of ethanol extract.

S.No. Concentration μg/ml Absorbance (517nm) % Inhibition 1 Control 0.349 - 2 20 0.268 23.20917 3 40 0.251 28.08023 4 60 0.212 39.25501 5 80 0.145 58.45272 6 100 0.11 68.48138 IC 50 70.75719

Figure-2- DPPH activity of different concentration in ethanol

Figure-3- DPPH activity of ascorbic acid and ethanol extract in (% inhibition & concentration).

Figure-4- DPPH activity of ascorbic acid and ethanol extract in (absorbance & concentration).

IC50 for standard Ascorbic acid was found to be 16.98657μg/ml and for ethanol extract was found to be 70.75719 μg/ml. Thus the anti-oxidant activity of sample was less than that of standard ascorbic acid.

CONCLUSION

As the free radicals are harmful for organism and they cause different type of diseases. The ethanol extract of Chloroxylon swietenia DC. possesses antioxidant activity as compared to ascorbic acid. The reported IC50 value for the standard Ascorbic acid and ethanol extract of C. swietenia were 16.98657μg/ml and 70.75719μg/ml respectively. The reported antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of C. swietenia could be very helpful for the further research and also a cost effective way to cure many diseases.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Author would like to acknowledge Mr. Prabhat Jain, Scan Laboratory and Prabhat Soni for their moral and technical support.

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