Tesis De Posgrado Interacciones Entre El Tordo
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A Comprehensive Species-Level Molecular Phylogeny of the New World
YMPEV 4758 No. of Pages 19, Model 5G 2 December 2013 Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2013) xxx–xxx 1 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev 5 6 3 A comprehensive species-level molecular phylogeny of the New World 4 blackbirds (Icteridae) a,⇑ a a b c d 7 Q1 Alexis F.L.A. Powell , F. Keith Barker , Scott M. Lanyon , Kevin J. Burns , John Klicka , Irby J. Lovette 8 a Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, and Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, 100 Ecology Building, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 9 55108, USA 10 b Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA 11 c Barrick Museum of Natural History, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA 12 d Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14950, USA 1314 15 article info abstract 3117 18 Article history: The New World blackbirds (Icteridae) are among the best known songbirds, serving as a model clade in 32 19 Received 5 June 2013 comparative studies of morphological, ecological, and behavioral trait evolution. Despite wide interest in 33 20 Revised 11 November 2013 the group, as yet no analysis of blackbird relationships has achieved comprehensive species-level sam- 34 21 Accepted 18 November 2013 pling or found robust support for most intergeneric relationships. Using mitochondrial gene sequences 35 22 Available online xxxx from all 108 currently recognized species and six additional distinct lineages, together with strategic 36 sampling of four nuclear loci and whole mitochondrial genomes, we were able to resolve most relation- 37 23 Keywords: ships with high confidence. -
21 Sep 2018 Lists of Victims and Hosts of the Parasitic
version: 21 Sep 2018 Lists of victims and hosts of the parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus). Peter E. Lowther, Field Museum Brood parasitism is an awkward term to describe an interaction between two species in which, as in predator-prey relationships, one species gains at the expense of the other. Brood parasites "prey" upon parental care. Victimized species usually have reduced breeding success, partly because of the additional cost of caring for alien eggs and young, and partly because of the behavior of brood parasites (both adults and young) which may directly and adversely affect the survival of the victim's own eggs or young. About 1% of all bird species, among 7 families, are brood parasites. The 5 species of brood parasitic “cowbirds” are currently all treated as members of the genus Molothrus. Host selection is an active process. Not all species co-occurring with brood parasites are equally likely to be selected nor are they of equal quality as hosts. Rather, to varying degrees, brood parasites are specialized for certain categories of hosts. Brood parasites may rely on a single host species to rear their young or may distribute their eggs among many species, seemingly without regard to any characteristics of potential hosts. Lists of species are not the best means to describe interactions between a brood parasitic species and its hosts. Such lists do not necessarily reflect the taxonomy used by the brood parasites themselves nor do they accurately reflect the complex interactions within bird communities (see Ortega 1998: 183-184). Host lists do, however, offer some insight into the process of host selection and do emphasize the wide variety of features than can impact on host selection. -
02 Jun 2015 Lists of Victims and Hosts of the Parasitic Cowbirds
Host Lists of Cowbirds 1 version: 02 Jun 2015 Lists of victims and hosts of the parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus). Peter E. Lowther, Field Museum Brood parasitism is an awkward term to describe an interaction between two species in which, as in predator-prey relationships, one species gains at the expense of the other. Brood parasites "prey" upon parental care. Victimized species usually have reduced breeding success, partly because of the additional cost of caring for alien eggs and young, and partly because of the behavior of brood parasites (both adults and young) which may directly and adversely affect the survival of the victim's own eggs or young. About 1% of all bird species are brood parasites. Host selection is an active process. Not all species co-occurring with brood parasites are equally likely to be selected nor are they of equal quality as hosts. Rather, to varying degrees, brood parasites are specialized for certain categories of hosts. Brood parasites may rely on a single host species to rear their young or may distribute their eggs among many species, seemingly without regard to any characteristics of potential hosts. Lists of species are not the best means to describe interactions between a brood parasitic species and its hosts. Such lists do not necessarily reflect the taxonomy used by the brood parasites themselves nor do they accurately reflect the complex interactions within bird communities (see Ortega 1998: 183-184). Host lists do, however, offer some insight into the process of host selection and do emphasize the wide variety of features than can impact on host selection. -
The Avifauna of Estancia San Juan Poriahú, Iberá Marshes, Argentina: Checklist and Some Natural History Notes
The avifauna of Estancia San Juan Poriahú, Iberá Marshes, Argentina: checklist and some natural history notes Rosendo M. Fraga Cotinga 16 (2001): 77–82 La Estancia San Juan Poriahú está ubicada al norte de los Esteros del Iberá, Corrientes, Argentina, dentro de la Reserva Provincial del Iberá, y es considerada un área clave para las aves. Durante 62 días de prospecciones (1996–2000) se detectó un total de 211 especies de aves, nueve de ellas amenazadas o casi amenazadas. La avifauna es particularmente rica en aves de humedales y pastizales (familias Ardeidae, Rallidae e Icteridae, con 11, 10 y 16 especies) y pobre en aves de selvas, ya que éstas se hallan naturalmente fragmentadas. Presento datos de historia natural y estacionalidad para 15 especies. Introduction Estancia San Juan Poriahú (ESJP) is on the north edge of the Esteros del Iberá (Iberá marshes), Departamento San Miguel, Corrientes Province (27º42'S 57º11'W). The Esteros del Iberá (c.12,000 km2) are one the largest wetlands in South America. Most of ESJP is within the Reserva Provincial Iberá, one of the largest protected areas in Argentina1. The reserve is largely under private ownership, with few restrictions on land use and no effective management plan. ESJP, like most of north-east Corrientes, was administered by the Jesuit Missions between 1630 and 1767. The economy of the area was based on cattle ranching, and livestock has been present for over three centuries at ESJP. The Iberá marshes (including ESJP) were visited by D’Orbigny in 1827–285. One species reported by D’Orbigny (Glaucous Macaw Anodorhynchus glaucus) is extinct, and large raptors and parrots are now scarce in Corrientes. -
Notes on Taxonomy and Distribution of Myrsidea Serini (Séguy, 1944
Volume 55(16):231‑243, 2015 NOTES ON TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION OF MYRSIDEA SERINI (SÉGUY, 1944) (PHTHIRAPTERA: AMBLYCERA: MENOPONIDAE) ON SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICAN PASSERINE BIRDS (AVES: PASSERIFORMES) ARMANDO C. CICCHINO1 MICHEL P. VALIM2 ABSTRACT Myrsidea serini (Séguy, 1944) is recorded from three different passerine hosts from Argen- tina and Chile: Carduelis barbata (Molina, 1782) (Fringillidae), Chrysomus thilius petersi (Laubmann, 1934) and Agelaioides badius badius (Vieillot, 1819) (Icteridae). Somatic fea- tures and body measurements from available specimens belonging to these host-populations are compared with those recorded from Old World hosts, finding only some slight differences in cer- tain body measurements (here interpreted as correlated to differences in host sizes), but none in chaetotaxy. This species was synoxenic with Myrsidea psittaci Carriker, 1955 on C. t. petersi in at least two localities in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Comparative studies of external chorionic architecture of the eggs, preferential sites of oviposition, prevalence has been carried out for both species, along with some remarks concerning the still problematic species, Myrsidea argentina (Kellogg, 1906), originally recorded off Carduelis magellanica (Vieillot, 1805). Key-Words: Myrsidea serini; Myrsidea argentina; Icteridae; Fringillidae; Synoxeny; Egg descriptions; Carduelis; Chrysomus; Agelaioides. INTRODUCTION Carduelis carduelis parva Tschudi, 1901, Carduelis chlo- ris chloris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fringillidae) and Emberiza Myrsidea serini (Séguy, 1944) was first described citrinella caliginosa Clancey, 1940 (Emberizidae). In a from two specimens, male and female, taken from Se- subsequent paper (Klockenhoff, 1984b) this author rinus serinus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Fringillidae). Fourty erected the “M. serini-Artengruppe”, a species-complex years later, Klockenhoff (1984a) designated the male as involving three species: M. -
Fraga Et Al.Fm
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL 15: 139–141, 2003 © The Neotropical Ornithological Society FIRST DOCUMENTED RECORD OF THE BROWN-AND-YELLOW MARSHBIRD (PSEUDOLEISTES VIRESCENS) FOR PARAGUAY, WITH COMMENTS ON ITS SYMPATRY WITH THE YELLOW- RUMPED MARSHBIRD (P. GUIRAHURO) IN ARGENTINA AND PARAGUAY Rosendo M. Fraga1, Mariano Codesido1, Hernán Povedano2, Alejandro Jurado3 & Rodrigo Zárate1 1Asociación Guyrá Paraguay, Cte. Franco 381 c/ L. Prieto, Asunción, Paraguay. E-mail: [email protected] 2Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y TTP-CONICET, Materi y España, (3105) Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina. 3Calle 10 Nº 1285, 3 A, (1900) La Plata, Argentina. Primer registro documentado del Dragón (Pseudoleistes virescens) para Paraguay, con comentarios sobre su simpatría con el Guirahuró (P. guirahuro) en Argentina y Paraguay. Key words: Pseudoleistes virescens, P. guirahuro, Paraguay, Argentina, Brown-and-yellow Marshbird, Yellow- rumped Marshbird. Some checklists and reference books (e.g., observed and filmed a small flock of 11 indi- Narosky & Yzurieta 1987, the map in Ridgely viduals in the site known as Isla Ro´y, Depar- & Tudor 1989) include Paraguay in the range tamento Ñeembucú, Paraguay (27o13’24”S, of Brown-and-yellow Marshbirds (Pseudoleistes 57o53’22”W). A copy of the film was depos- virescens), but other sources do not (e.g., Short ited in the archives of Guyrá Paraguay, the 1975, Olrog 1979). After reviewing the avail- ornithological society of that country. The able evidence, Hayes (1995) placed this icterid observation site is located 15 km north of the in the list of hypothetical Paraguayan species. Río Paraná, the international border between The reasons were simple: there were no Argentina (Corrientes province) and Para- specimens of the species collected in Para- guay. -
FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Molothrus Bonariensis
FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Molothrus bonariensis Molothrus bonariensis System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Chordata Aves Passeriformes Icteridae Common name tordo renegrido (Spanish), shiny cowbird (English), tordo vaquero (Spanish), tordo lustroso (Spanish), vacher luisant (French) Synonym Molothrus bonariensis , subspecies maxillaris Lafresnaye Similar species Summary Molothrus bonariensis (shiny cowbird) is a brood parasite, relying on a host to incubate its eggs and rear its chicks. It is not host-specific, laying eggs in the nests of other species of birds, some of which will accept and rear the chicks. Molothrus bonariensis has expanded its range in its native South America and West Indies, reaching the North American continent and negatively affecting some threatened bird species that are already at risk due to habitat loss. view this species on IUCN Red List Species Description Molothrus bonariensis (shiny cowbird) belongs to the family Icteridae, which includes five species of parasitic cowbirds that form the natural genus Molothrus (as determined by phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences) (Lowther, 2004). Molothrus includes the giant cowbird Molothrus [formerly Scaphidura] oryzivorus and excludes the non-brood parasitic bay-winged cowbird Agelaioides [formerly Molothrus] badius.\r\n Field identification should be based on the presence of a slender conical bill, a uniform dull blue- black plumage and squared-off tail, and a solid dark eye-colour (Kluza, 1998). Males have a purplish shine on their head, neck, breast and upper back and a blue shine on their wings, while females are grey-brown with whitish eyebrows and throats (The Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, 1999). Nestlings have flesh-coloured skin with scattered tufts of blackish down. -
Ecotoxicology and Genotoxicology Non-Traditional Terrestrial Models
Ecotoxicology and Genotoxicology Non-traditional Terrestrial Models Published on 12 June 2017 http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/9781788010573-FP001 View Online Issues in Toxicology Series Editors: Diana Anderson, University of Bradford, UK Michael D. Waters, Michael Waters Consulting, USA Timothy C. Marrs, Edentox Associates, UK Editorial Advisor: Alok Dhawan, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India Titles in the Series: 1: Hair in Toxicology: An Important Bio-Monitor 2: Male-mediated Developmental Toxicity 3: Cytochrome P450: Role in the Metabolism and Toxicity of Drugs and other Xenobiotics 4: Bile Acids: Toxicology and Bioactivity 5: The Comet Assay in Toxicology 6: Silver in Healthcare 7: In Silico Toxicology: Principles and Applications 8: Environmental Cardiology 9: Biomarkers and Human Biomonitoring, Volume 1: Ongoing Programs and Exposures 10: Biomarkers and Human Biomonitoring, Volume 2: Selected Biomarkers of Current Interest 11: Hormone-Disruptive Chemical Contaminants in Food 12: Mammalian Toxicology of Insecticides 13: The Cellular Response to the Genotoxic Insult: The Question of Published on 12 June 2017 http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/9781788010573-FP001 Threshold for Genotoxic Carcinogens 14: Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans: Volume 1 15: Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans: Volume 2 16: Aging and Vulnerability to Environmental Chemicals: Age-related Disorders and their Origins in Environmental Exposures 17: Chemical Toxicity Prediction: -
The Impact of Feral Horses on Grassland Bird Communities in Argentina
Animal Conservation (2004) 7, 35–44 C 2004 The Zoological Society of London. Printed in the United Kingdom DOI:10.1017/S1367943003001094 The impact of feral horses on grassland bird communities in Argentina Sergio M. Zalba† and Natalia C. Cozzani GEKKO, Grupo de Estudios en Conservacion´ y Manejo, Departamento de Biolog´ıa, Bioqu´ımica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina (Received 6 January 2003; accepted 12 July 2003) Abstract The impact of introduced herbivores on the composition and structure of plant communities has been widely studied. However, little is known about how they affect wildlife. We studied the impact of feral horses under different grazing regimes on the communities of birds in a nature reserve in the Pampas grasslands in Argentina. The areas that had predominantly tall grass (enclosures and areas of moderate grazing intensity) showed the greatest species richness and total abundance of birds. Some species, e.g. the southern lapwing (Vanellus chilensis), were associated with the presence of horses, while others, e.g. pipits (Anthus spp), were more common in lesser grazed areas. The presence of feral horses was associated with an increase in the rate of predation of eggs which varied from 12.5% within the enclosures to 70% in grazed areas. It is suggested that the increase in predation rate was due to the increased visibility of the nests and an increase in the density of opportunist carnivores. Small areas of grassland in a good state of conservation could serve as sources that would maintain communities of birds in the more transformed sections. INTRODUCTION et al., 2000; Gates & Donald, 2000; Soderstr¨ om,¨ Part¨ & Linnarsson, 2001) and even the disappearance of the most It is internationally recognised that the introduction of sensitive species, usually replaced by generalist birds with species by man, whether directly or indirectly, to regions wider ranges of distribution (Knopf, 1996). -
Changes in Bird Assemblages in a Wetland Ecosystem After 14 Years of Intensified Cattle Farming
Austral Ecology (2018) 43, 786–797 Changes in bird assemblages in a wetland ecosystem after 14 years of intensified cattle farming YANINA V. SICA,1,2* GREGORIO I. GAVIER-PIZARRO,1 ANNA M. PIDGEON,3 ALEJANDRO TRAVAINI,2,4 JAVIER BUSTAMANTE,5 VOLKER C. RADELOFF3 AND RUBEN D. QUINTANA2,6 1Instituto de Recursos Biologicos, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologıa Agropecuaria, De los Reseros y Las Cabanas~ S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires HB1712WAA (Email: [email protected]); 2Consejo Nacional de Investigacion en Ciencia y Tecnologıa (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; 3SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; 4Centro de Investigaciones Puerto Deseado, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Puerto Deseado, Santa Cruz, Argentina; 5Department of Wetland Ecology, Estacion Biologica de Donana,~ CSIC, Sevilla, Spain; and 6Instituto de Investigacion e Ingenierıa Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de San Martın, San Martın, Argentina Abstract Human activities have modified wetlands all over the word. Water control structures that are fre- quently implemented in these ecosystems to keep lands free of flooding can decrease or degrade habitat for bio- diversity. The Parana River Delta, one of the largest wetlands in Argentina, has recently experienced rapid cattle grazing intensification facilitated by water control structures, resulting in extensive conversion of wetlands to pastures. It is unclear if this loss of wetlands has had a negative impact on the highly diverse bird commu- nity. Here, we evaluated the changes in bird assemblages in the Lower Delta of Parana River after 14 years of cattle grazing intensification. We compared point count data from 1997 to 1999 with data collected in 2012 and 2013 using the same survey methods. -
What Land Use Better Preserves Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Birds in a Grassland Biome? Avian Conservation and Ecology 14(1):1
VOLUME 14, ISSUE 1, ARTICLE 1 Vaccaro, A. S., J. Filloy, and M. I. Bellocq. 2019. What land use better preserves taxonomic and functional diversity of birds in a grassland biome? Avian Conservation and Ecology 14(1):1. https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-01293-140101 Copyright © 2019 by the author(s). Published here under license by the Resilience Alliance. Research Paper What land use better preserves taxonomic and functional diversity of birds in a grassland biome? Anahí S. Vaccaro 1, Julieta Filloy 1 and M. Isabel Bellocq 1 1Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires ABSTRACT. The Pampean grassland in South America has been almost completely transformed by human activities and is one of the biomes at the highest conservation risk. Although several land uses are developed in temperate grasslands, studies comparing their impact on bird taxonomic and functional diversity are still missing. We determined what habitat type resulting from human land uses better preserves the assemblage of birds and their functional traits that occur in protected grasslands. We compared taxonomic and functional diversity between protected grasslands and cattle pastures, crop fields, tree plantations, and urban settlements. We surveyed birds and environmental variables in the 5 habitat types using point counts and selected 11 traits to estimate functional diversity. We performed principal component analysis to explore environmental differences between habitat types, ANOVA to compare taxonomic and functional diversity, nonmetric multidimensional scaling to explore relationships between habitat type characteristics and species traits, and similarity percentage analysis to find the bird functional traits that contributed the most to differentiate habitat types. -
Geographic and Ecological Variation in the Family Icteridae
GEOGRAPHIC AND ECOLOGICAL VARIATION IN THE FAMILY ICTERIDAE PETER E. LOWTHER The passerine family Icteridae, restricted to but ranging throughout the New World, includes oropendolas, caciques, orioles, blackbirds, meadow- larks, grackles, and cowbirds. The family comprises 95 species placed in 23 genera (Blake 1968; Short 1968, 1969). Comparison of various aspects of the biology of members of such a diverse group may suggest patterns in the evolution of ecological adaptations. These patterns, in turn, may facilitate an analysis of part of the mechanism of adaptive radiation. In this paper I examine variation in size, ecological requirements, breeding biology, and behavior within the Icteridae and suggest explanations for the trends and relationships observed. METHODS Aspects of the distribution and biology of all species were determined from the literature, insofar as it was possible, and a list of the 95 species and their attributes is given in Appendix 1. Species density was found by laying a grid with squares representing 259,000 km” over maps of species ’ breeding distributions and finding the number of species occurring within each grid square. After this, geographic distribu- tion of species was simplified for analysis by considering only their latitudinal distribution, for which 30 latitude-sectors were used. These latitude-sectors are 4.64” latitude in width, the same as the north-south side of the 259,000 km” grid. General vegetation types are influenced greatly by climate, and climates, because of the angle of solar radiation to the earths’ surface and stable atmospheric circulation, have regular distributions. Particularly, North and South America have, in a general way, similar climates and vegetation types at equal distances from the equator (Fig.