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Measurement of Radium-226 Concentration and Dose Calculation of Drinking Water Samples in Guilan Province of Iran

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Measurement of Radium-226 Concentration and Dose Calculation of Drinking Water Samples in Guilan Province of Iran Volume 14, No 4 International Journal of Radiation Research, October 2016 Measurement of radium-226 concentration and dose calculation of drinking water samples in Guilan province of Iran A. Abbasi 1,2* and V. Bashiry 3 1Nuclear Science and Technology Institute, (NSTI), Tehran, Iran 2Faculty of Engineering, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey 3Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey ABSTRACT Background : Radium-226 ( 226 Ra) is a product of the 238 U radionuclide decay series that significantly incorporated into the human body through water ► Short report intake. It can also poten#ally cause a series of health problems including cancers of the diges#ve system . Radium-226 ( 226 Ra) is a product of the 238 U radionuclide decay series that significantly incorporated into the human body through water inta e. It can also poten#ally cause a series of health problems including cancers of the diges#ve system . Materials and Methods : 226 Ra has *Corresponding author: been determined in drin ing water samples collected from various loca#ons Dr. Akbar Abbasi, of Guilan province of Iran. The water samples are ta en from public water Fax: +90 392 815 99 36 and urban tap water sources. For evolu#on of gross a and b e(posure E-mail: [email protected] precipita#on method and propor#onal scin#llator system was used. The [email protected] radon emana#on method was used to measure the radium concentra#on in drin ing water. Results: The measurements showed the gross ) and * -. -. -. Revised: Dec. 2015 concentra#on ranges were between +38 m,-l to 92 m,-l and +0. m,-l -. Accepted: Jan. 2016 to 328 m,-l 1 respec#vely. The radium concentra#on range was between 2 m,- l -. to 38.2 m,- l -.. The resul#ng contribu#on to the annual e2ec#ve dose 226 - Int. J. Radiat. Res., October 2016; due to the diges#on of R in water was calculated to be between +0.0 4Sv y 14(4): 361-366 . to 7.8 4Sv y -.1 respec#vely. Conclusion: The average concentra#on of 226 Ra was found (7.6 m,- l -.) in drin ing water samples and the average annual DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.14.4.361 e2ec#ve dose1 from the diges#on of 226 Ra in water samples was calculated to be ..7 8Sv y -.. According to UNSCEAR1 the annual e2ec#ve dose value by inges#on is report to be 0..2 mSv y -.. Keywords: Radium-226, ingestion, drinking water, precipitation method. Downloaded from ijrr.com at 18:47 +0330 on Sunday September 26th 2021 [ DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.14.4.361 ] INTRODUCTION upon the uranium and thorium content of the surrounding geology. Radium can enter The main sources of natural radioactivity are groundwater by dissolution of aquifer materials 238 U, 232 Th and their decay products and 40 K. that desorption from rock or sediment surfaces Radium-226 is a product of the 238 U radionuclide and ejection from minerals by radioactive decay. decay series with half-life 1600 y that emits Long term exposure to elevated levels of alpha and beta particles. Among radionuclides radium in drinking water has been associated present in groundwater, the most radiotoxic and with an increased risk of bone cancer of concern to human health is radium (1) . The development. Although the consumption of 226 Ra concentration in surface waters is drinking water containing radium commonly scant, but groundwater sources can concentrations below the established MCL contain a considerable concentration dependent (Minimum Concentration Limit ≈1 Bq l -1) does Abbasi and Bashiry / Measurement of radium -226 ... not alleviate all potential risk. Altogether the precipitate obtained was dissolved in EDTA impact of public health at these concentrations is reagent, placed in a sealed bubbler and stored considered negligible (2) . for ingrowth of 222 Rn. After ingrowth 222 Ra, the Since the study of radioactivity concentration gas was purged into a scintillation ,ucas cells, by in drinking water has not already been done in noble gas. When the 222 Rn daughters are in this area and also because of the high percentage e)uilibrium with the parent (approximately, 4h), of various diseases, including cancer of the the scintillation ,ucas cell, was counted by using digestive system in the studied area, this study is a 7ylon A0-5 radon 5ield-portable scintillation performed to obtain an estimate of the activity measurement system. Use of the ,ucas cell for concentration of 226 Ra in public water and urban radon measurement is an established approach tap water sources. Furthermore, the radiation in 5ield and laboratory settings (4-7) . The dose from ingestion of drinking water by public separation procedure and instrumentals’ in Guilan province of Iran was estimated. calibration was performed using a standard solution of this nuclide. The ,ucas cell was evacuated and then attached to a sample MATERIALS AND METHODS cylinder with in-line valves, expansion tubing, and a pressure gage. The ,ucas cell was 5illed In this study, 28 drinking water samples from with sample by opening the cylinder to the the waters which resource public waters (wells) evacuated expansion tubing and then closing the and spring waters were collected. The study cylinder valve and opening the valve to the area was north section of Guilan province (5igure ,ucas cell. After the pressure stabilized, the 1). 2or sample preparation, the Environmental process was repeated if necessary until the cell 7rotection Agency (E7A) protocol (3) was was 5illed with natural gas to approximately adopted, in which samples were collected in 4 ,i atmospheric pressure. The 5inal pressure was container containing a solution with p8/2. 2irst recorded and the ,ucas cell placed on the A0-5 of all, each sample was measured the gross a and photomultiplier tube to count the total alpha b exposure by using a gas scintillation activity. The software 17-55 version 1.3 was proportional counter (.AN0ERRA) to determine used for data analysis. The counting interval was the 228 Ra level according E7A protocol. 90 minutes and was repeated as time p ermitted. .ommercial software 3enie 2000 v2.1 was used Radon activities were calculated from the for data analysis. The 22 Ra in the drinking water counting data after correcting for the ef5iciency sample was concentrated and separated in of the ,ucas cell, the cell volume, the recorded solution by precipitation method. The pressures, and the time interval between sample Downloaded from ijrr.com at 18:47 +0330 on Sunday September 26th 2021 [ DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.14.4.361 ] Figure 1. The study area in Guilan province of Iran. Int. J. Radiat. Res., Vol. 14 No. 4, October 2016 362 Abbasi and Bashiry / Measurement of radium -226 ... collections and counting. water samples. The results of gross a and b concentration in the drinking water samples are Radium estimation in drinking water shown in table 1. The gross a and b range were The 22 Ra activity concentration was between the low limit of detection ,,D (H38 calculated in the p.i per liter using e)uation (1)A m0) l -1) to 92 m0) l -1 and ,,D (H41 m0) l -1) to 328 m0) l -1, respectively. Also the 22 Ra concentration and annual effective dose contribution due to the digestion of water WhereB . Ra is the 22 Ra activity concentration samples used in North 3uilan Iran are shown in (p.i l -1), and ., E and C are the net count rate table 1. The 22 Ra concentrations for 8 samples (cpm), calibration constant and sample volume were below the ,,DI2 m0) l -1 and maximum (,i), respectively. The t 1, t 2, t 3 and D parameters concentration was 38.2 m0)l -1 in W1-8 (Khotbeh are the passed time between the 5irst and second 1era). The annual effective dose range was de-emanations (min), the time between the calculated between to be H0.4 J1v y -1 to 7.8 J1v y second de-emanation and counting, the counting -1. The highest values related to tap water sample time and the decay constant of 222 Rn (1.2 E 10 -4 W1-8 (Khotbeh 1era) and spring water sample min -1), respectively. The conversion factor 81W1-4 (Kote Kumeh). constant from dpm/p.i is 2.22 (8) . The correlation parameter between the The calibration constant (E), was calculated radium-22 concentration and water p8 are by using e)uation (2) as followA shown in 5igure 2. The result showed that high 22 Ra concentrations were in alkaline water samples. In following the cause of high grossa, gross b whereB . is the net count rate (cpm), A is the activity of 22 Ra in the bubbler (dpm), t and t and radium concentration area, with the 1 2 geological map, the veins mass of metamorphic are ingrowth time of 222 Rn and the decay time of minerals and pyroxene andesitic contain were 222 Rn occurring between de-emanation and found. counting (min), respectively (3) . Radium dose calculation The dose calculation from radium as a result DISCUSSION of drinking water is calculated by e)uation (3) as followA The screening levels for gross K and gross L in drinking water samples were below 500 m0) l-1 and 1000 m0) l -1, respectively, therefore, whereB D is the annual effective dose (1v y -1) below the recommended World 8ealth from the digestion of 22 Ra in water, . R is the Organization (W8O) guideline level for drinking -1 radium concentration in water (0) l ), D WI is the water (1.0 0) l -1) (10) .
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