Excavations on the Wormington to Tirley Pipeline, 2000
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
EXCAVATIONS ON THE WORMINGTON TO TIRLEY PIPELINE, 2000 FOUR SITES BY THE CARRANT BROOK AND RIVER ISBOURNE GLOUCESTERSHIRE AND WORCESTERSHIRE by . LAURENT COLEMAN, ANNETTE HANCOCKS and MARTIN WATTS ; EXCAVATIONS ON THE WORMINGTON TO TIRLEY PIPELINE, 2000 FOUR SITES BY THE CARRANT BROOK AND RIVER ISBOURNE GLOUCESTERSHIRE AND WORCESTERSHIRE ,; EXCAVATIONS ON THE WORMINGTON TO TIRLEY PIPELINE, 2000 FOUR SITES BY THE CARRANT BROOK AND RIVER ISBOURNE GLOUCESTERSHIRE AND WORCESTERSHIRE By LAURENT COLEMAN, ANNETTE HANCOCKS AND MARTIN WATTS With contributions by Wendy]. Carruthers, Teresa Gilmore, Lorrain Higbee, Neil Holbrook, E.R. McSloy, Fiona Roe and Sylvia Warman Cotswold Archaeology Monograph No. 3 Cirencester, 2006 Cotswold Archaeology Monograph No. 3 Published by Cotswold Archaeology Copyright © Authors and Cotswold Archaeology 2006 Building 11, Kemble Business Park, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, 'vvithout prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN 0-9523196-9-1 978-0-9523196-9-4 CA Monograph Series 1 Cirencester: Town and Landscape By Timothy Darvill and Christopher Gerrard, 1994 ISBN 0-9523196-0-8 2 Excavations at Kingscote and Wycomb, Gloucestershire By Jane Timby, 1998 ISBN 0-9523196-1-6 Front cover: Late Bronze to Early Iron Age 'situla' jar, with fingertip decoration, from Bank Farm. Photograph by Steve Russell Cover design by Lorna Gray, Cotswold Archaeology Produced by Past Historic Printed by Henry Ling Ltd CONTENTS List of Figures Vlll Period 7: medieval and post-medieval 21 List of Tables ix Undated features 21 Acknowledgements x1 Summary xu Bank Farm, Sites A and B: Dating Evidence 21 Period 2: Late Bronze Age and Late 1. Introduction 1 Bronze Age to Early Iron Age Topography, Geology and Land-use 4 (c. 11th to 5th ceritury BC) 21 Methodology 4 Period 3: Late Iron Age (2nd to 1st century BC) 23 2. The Excavations 7 Period 4: Late Iron Age to Early Roman Site 1: Elm Farm (Beckford, Worcestershire) 7 (1st century BC to lst century AD) 24 Period 0: Mesolithic and Neolithic 7 Period 5: Roman Period 2: Late Bronze Age to Early Iron (2nd to 3rd century AD) 24 Age 7 Period 6: Anglo-Saxon Period 3: Middle to Late Iron Age 7 (7th to 10th century AD) 24 Period 4: Late Iron Age to ~arly Roman 11 Period 5: Roman 11 Site 3: College Farm Period 7: medieval and post-medieval 12 (Dumbleton, Gloucestershire) 24 Undated features 12 Period 0: Mesolithic and Neolithic 24 Elm Farm: Dating Evidence 12 Period 4: Late Iron Age to Early Period 3: Middle to Late Iron Age Roman 25 (4th to 2nd century BC) 12 Period 5: Roman 26 Period 4: Late Iron Age to Early Roman Period 7: medieval and post-medieval 28 (1st century BC to 1st century AD) 12 Undated features 28 Period 5: Roman (2nd to 3rd century AD) 13 College Farm: Dating Evidence 29 Period 4: Late Iron Age to Early Roman Site 2: Bank Farm (Dumbleton, Gloucestershire) 13 (1st century BC to 1st century AD) 29 Bank Farm: Site A 13 Period 5: Roman Period 0: Mesolithic and Neolithic 13 (2nd to 3rd century AD) 29 Period 1: Early to Middle Bronze Age 13 Period 2: Late Bronze Age to Early Site 4: Wormington Farm Iron Age 13 (Aston Somerville, Worcestershire) 29 Period 3: Middle to Late Iron Age 16 Period 0: Mesolithic and Neolithic 29 Period 4: Late Iron Age to Early Roman 17 Period 2: Late Bronze Age to Early Period 5: Roman 20 Iron Age 30 Period 6: Anglo-Saxon 20 Period 3: Middle to Late Iron Age 31 Period 7: medieval and post-medieval 20 Period 5: Roman 35 Undated features 20 Period 7: medieval and post-medieval 35 Undated features 36 Bank Farm: Site B 21 Period 1: Early to Middle Bronze Age 21 Wormington Farm: Dating Evidence 36 Period 2: Late Bronze Age to Early Period 3: Middle to Late Iron Age Iron Age 21 (4th to 2nd century BC) 36 Period 3: Middle to Late Iron Age 21 Period 5: Roman Period 5: Roman 21 (2nd to 3rd century AD) 36 VI Excavations on the Wormington to Tirley Pipeline, 2000 3. The Finds 37 College Farm 60 The Potterv bv E.R. McSlov 37 Copper alloy 60 ' ' ' Introduction 37 Iron 60 Methodology 37 Lead alloy 60 Early Bronze Age Fabrics 38 Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Wormington Farm 60 Age Fabrics 38 Copper alloy 60 Middle to Late Iron Age Fabrics 38 Iron 60 Roman Fabrics 39 Saxon Fabrics 40 Objects of Fired Clay by E.R. McSloy 60 Medieval Fabrics 41 Elm Farm 60 Bank Farm 60 Elm Farm 41 Prehistoric pottery 41 Worked Stone Artefacts by Fiona Roe 60 Middle to Late Iron Age (Period 3) 41 Bank Farm 60 Roman pottery 42 Metallurgical Residues by E.R. McSloy 61 Bank Farm 44 Elm Farm 61 Prehistoric pottery 44 Bank Farm 61 Early to Middle Bronze Age (Period 1) 44 Wormington Farm 62 Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age Discussion 62 (Period 2) 44 Middle to Late Iron Age (Period 3) 45 4. The Biological Evidence 63 Roman pottery 46 Radiocarbon dating by Sylvia Warman 63 Saxon pottery 47 Results and Calibration 63 Medieval pottery 47 Objectives 63 Success Rate of Samples 63 College Farm 50 Roman pottery 50 The Human Remains by Teresa Gilmore 63 Provenance 63 Wormington Farm 52 Prehistoric pottery 52 "Method 63 Results: the inhumations 66 Middle to Late Iron Age (Period 3) 52 Results: the cremations 66 Roman pottery 53 Discussion 66 Synthesis 55 Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age The Animal Bone by Lorrain Higbee 67 (Period 2) 55 Introduction 67 Middle to Late Iron Age Method 67 (Periods 3 and 4) 55 Condition of material 70 Roman (Periods 4 and 5) 56 Post-Roman (Periods 6 and 7) 56 Elm Farm 70 Period 3: Middle to Late Iron Age 70 Ceramic Building Material by E.R. McSloy 57 Period 4: Late Iron Age to Early Roman 70 Worked Flint by E.R. McSloy 57 Period 5: Roman 70 Elm Farm 57 Period 7: medieval to post-medieval 72 Bank Farm 57 Summary discussion 72 College Farm 57 Wormington Farm 57 Bank Farm 72 Metal and Bone Artefacts by E.R. McSloy 58 Period 2: Late Bronze Age/Early Elm Farm 58 Iron Age 72 Copper alloy 58 Period 3: Middle to Late Iron Age 72 Iron 58 Periods 4 and 5: Late Iron Age Worked bone 58 and Roman 74 Period 6: Anglo-Saxon 75 Bank Farm 58 Period 7: medieval 75 Copper alloy 58 Summary discussion 75 Iron 58 Worked bone 58 College Farm 75 Contents Vll Wormington Farm 75 5. Discussion by Laurent Coleman, Annette Period 3: Middle to Late Iron Age 74 Hancocks, Neil Holbrook and Martin Watts 88 Period 5: Roman 76 The Mesolithic and Neolithic Periods 89 > Period 7: medieval to post-medieval 76 The Early to Middle Bronze Age 89 Summary discussion 76 The Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age 89 The Middle to Late Iron Age 90 Regional Synthesis and Discussion 77 The Late Iron Age and Early Roman Period 91 The Roman Period 92 The Charred Plant Remains The Anglo-Saxon Period 94 by Wendy]. Carruthers 78 The medieval and post-medieval Periods 94 Results 79 Conclusions 94 Period 2: Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age 79 Appendix 1: Period 3: Middle to Late Iron Age 79 The Excavation of Several Roman Ditches Period 4: Late Iron Age to Early and Pits at Honeybourne AGI Roman 82 by Laurent Coleman and Annette Hancocks 96 Period 5: Roman 85 Introduction 96 Period 6: Anglo-Saxon 85 Field Methodology 96 Period 7: medieval 85 Results 96 Discussion 86 Bibliography 100 FIGURES Fig. 1 Route of the Wormington to Tirley Fig. 18 Wormington Farm, geophysical pipeline (1: 100,000) 2 survey, cropmark and excavation Fig. 2 Site location plan and local plot (1 :2000) 31 topography (1 :50,000) 3 Fig. 19 Wormington Farm, Periods 0, 3 and 5, Fig. 3 Site location plan and local geology and undated features (1 :500) 32 (1:50,000) (after BGS 1974, 1981 and Fig. 20 Wormington Farm, burial B 1; plan 1988) 5 (1 :20) 33 Fig. 4 Elm Farm, geophysical survey plot Fig. 21 Wormington Farm, sections (1 :50) 34 (1 :1 000) 8 Fig. 22 Elm Farm: Prehistoric and Romano- Fig. 5 Elm Farm, Periods 3, 4 and 5 (1 :250) 9 British pottery (scales 1:3 and 1 :4) 43 Fig. 6 Elm Farm, sections (1:50) 10 Fig. 23 Bank Farm: Prehistoric pottery (scales Fig. 7 Bank Farm (site A), geophysical 1:2 [nos 1 & 7], and 1:3 [nos 2 to 6]) 48 survey plot (1: 1000) 14 Fig. 24 Bank Farm: Prehistoric pottery Fig. 8 Bank Farm (site A), Periods 2 and 3 (scale 1 :3) 49 (1 :500) 15 Fig. 25 Bank Farm: Roman, Saxon and Fig. 9 Bank Farm (site A), Periods 4, 5, 6 medieval pottery (scale 1:4) 50 and 7 (1: 500) 18 Fig. 26 College Farm: Romano-British pottery Fig. 10 Bank Farm (site A), sections (1 :50) 19 (scale 1:4) 51 Fig. 11a Bank Farm (site B), all features (1:1000) 22 Fig. 27 Wormington Farm: Prehistoric pottery Fig. 11b Bank Farm (site B), Periods 1, 2 (scale 1 :3) 54 and 5 (1 :500) 23 Fig. 28 Small finds nos 1 to 8 (scale 1:1 Fig. 12 Bank Farm (site B), burial 4 23 [nos 1 to 7] and 1:2 [no.