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Proquest Dissertations INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from *ie microfilm master. UMi films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMT UPPER DEVONIAN SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE WESTERN APPALACHIAN BASIN AND GEOTECTONIC HISTORY OF THE LAKE ERIE CRUSTAL BLOCK DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Marilyn Diane Wegweiser, M. S. The Ohio State University 2000 Dissertation Committee: Professor Loren E Babcock, Adviser Professor StigM. Bergstrom Professor Douglas E. Pride Professor Lawrence A. Krissek Professor Michael C. Hansen Approved by Department of Geological Sciences UMI Number 9971659 UMI* UMI Microform9971659 Copyright 2000 by Bell & Howell Information and Leaming Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Leaming Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT Réévaluation of the Upper Devonian stratigraphy of the southern Lake Erie shore region indicates the presence of a Type Two stratigraphie sequence within which occur smaller cycles recognized over long distances. The larger cycle have an eustatic origin; other recognized cycdes largely have an eustatic origin, and deposition has been affected by regional tectonic adjustments. When synthesized with published data ôrom northeastern and mid-continental North America descnribing regional structural trends, the data firom this research suggests reactivated Precambrian basement faulting may have exerted allocydic control on deposition within this portion of the Appalachian basin. Sucdi controls can mimic sequence stratigraphie deposition. A sea-level curve suggesting the regional response to basin adjustment within the eustatic curve is derived firom interpretation of Upper Devonian units in the southern Lake Erie region. u Dedicated to those who will always seek to discover the unknown, whose eyes turn to the h ills and to the sky in wonder, who stare at something old with awe, reverence, and amazement, and who will take the time to watch an ant’s nest, or stop to look underneath a rock ........... ui ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank my Advisor, Dr. Loren E. Babcock for his guidance, encouragement, conversations, and advice to me during completion of this project. I especially express my gratitude to the other members of my advisory committee. Dr. Stig M. Bergstrom, Dr. Lawrence A. Krissek, Dr. Douglas E. Pride, and Dr. Michael C. Hansen for their support and stimulating conversations dealing with geology and my project. I would also like to thank Dr. William I. Ausich for his mentoring. This doctoral dissertation would not have been possible without the support and ethereal companionship of David H. Woodham, Esq., who talked to me, encouraged me, and finally flogged me to finish. He has forever given me a part of himself in editorial and critical thinking. Karen lyier has my gratitude for having made this dissertation what it is with her drafting expertise and helpful hints! The Pennsylvania Bureau of Topographic and Geological Survey, Dr. John Harper, Chief, Subsurface Geology, Dr. Samuel Berkheiser, Chiefs Geologic Mapping, and James R. Shaulis, PG, all have my deepest gratitude for their selfless support and advice. They have all given me a geological piece of themselves, that I will strive to share with others. I thank the Pennsylvania Bureau of Topographic and Geological Survey, the Association of American Petroleum Geologists, The Friends iv of Orton Hall Fund of The Ohio State University, the American Geophysical Union, the American Federation of Mineralogical Societies, The Ohio State University Preparing Future Faculty Grant Program, and die National Science Foundation for support of this dissertation. Lastly, I want to thank Dr. Arthur E. Wegweiser, for bearing with me while I hiked up creeks, hauled specimens out of valleys, destroyed a few field vehicles, tore up dissertation versions, gave three computers nervous breakdowns, pounded on rocks, and worried about finishing. 1 want to thank him for having the wisdom to let me choose my own path and to go my own way. I want to thank him for being able to separate teacher firom spouse, so that his “best student ever” could develop her potential. VITA October, 6, 1955 Bom - Erie, Pennsylvania 1994.................................... A1.S., Geology, Paleontology and Stratigraphy The Ohio State University Coltunbus, Ohio 1994-1998........................................................Graduate Teaching Associate The Ohio State University Research Publication 1999 Wegweiser, Marilyn D., Interpreting The Tectonic History Of The Lake Erie Crustal Block; Sequence Stratigraphy In A Dynamic Appalachian Basin; Invited Paper. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs^^, A78. 1998 Wegweiser, Marilyn D., et al., Geotectonic Environment of the Lake Erie Crustal Block, Guidebook, John A. Harper, Editor. 63rd Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists. 1998 Wegweiser, Marilyn D., and L. E. Babcock. Sequence stratigrraphy in a tectonically dynamic foreland Basin: Upper Devonian (Famennian) western Appalachian basin. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, North-Central Section Mtg., Columbus, Ohio 1996a Wegweiser, Marilyn D., The Devonian Explosion of Life on Land: Early Records of Behavior &om Marginal Marine Settings of The Appalachian Basin. 6th North American Paleontological Conference; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institute, Washington D. C. VI 1996b Wegweiser, Marilyn D., New microvertebrate firom a Linton-like deposit in western Pennsylvanian: Icthyolith Issues, n. 7, p.34-35. 1996c Wegweiser, M. D., Integration of photomosaics and stratigraphy in the western Appalachian basin as an aid to identify potential hydrocarbon reservoirs: AAPG Bulletin, v. 80(9), p. 1532. 1996 Wegweiser, M. D. and L. E. Babcock. Integration of Photomosaics and Land-based Stratigraphy to Enhance Structural Interpretations of the Southern Lake Erie Shoreline: NE Section Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28(3). 1995 Babcock, L. E., M. D. Wegweiser, A. E. Wegweiser, T. M. Stanley, and S. C. McKenzie. Horseshoe crabs and their trace fossils firom the Devonian of Pennsylvania: New data suggest reinterpretation of their sedimentary environments as marginal marine: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 26, n. 2, Pennsylvania Geological Survey; Cover Photo. 1995 Wegweiser, M. D., L. E. Babcock, L. I. Anderson, J. R. Shaulis, T. M. Stanley, and A. E. Wegweiser. Interpreting Invertebrate and Vertebrate Behavior firom the Upper Devonian of Western Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 27(3) :94. SEPM Best Student Paper Award. 1995 Wegweiser, M. D. and L. E. Babcock. Wrench faulting as a model for morphotectonic features in the Paleozoic and Quaternary of the western Appalachian Basin Region. EOS, Supplement 17:S279. 1995 Babcock, L. E., M. D. Wegweiser, A. E. Wegweiser, T. M. Stanley, and S. C. McKenzie. Horshoecrabs and their trace fossils firom marginal marine hthofacies, Devonian of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Geological Survey, Harrisburg, PA, Open File Report. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................ü DEDICATION .................................................................................................üi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................îv VITA.................................................................................................................. Vi LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................xü LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................... xiu Chapters CHAPTER 1....................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW..........................................................1 Location and extent of study area ............................................................3 Purpose of project.......................................................................................5
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