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Scientific Thought I Philosophy 317/History 363 Basic Information Fall 2009 Professor: Patrick Maher, e-mail [email protected], phone 333{0253, office 219A Gregory Hall, office hours Monday and Wednesday 2{3 or by appointment. Description: This course is a survey of science and philosophy of science from the 6th century BCE to the 17th century CE, based on primary sources. We will begin with philosopher/scientists of ancient Greece whose writings have survived only in fragments (Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Pythagoras, Philolaus, Parmenides, Anaxagoras, Empedocles, and Democritus), then proceed to more extended discussions of selections from Euclid, Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy, Copernicus, Bacon, Galileo, Descartes, and Newton. One focus of the course is to compare philosophers' theories of scientific reasoning with the arguments used by scientists. There is no prerequisite. Web site: patrick.maher1.net/317. Has everything you need, including this document. If you forget the URL, just Google \Patrick Maher". Textbook: None. Everything you need is on the web site. Quizzes: There will be nine true-false quizzes done on Compass. Each quiz will cover the previous four lectures. See the web site for dates and details. Exams: There will be three 50-minute exams done in class. Each exam will consist of a selection of questions from the lecture notes for the previous twelve lectures. See the web site for dates and details. Grading: The quizzes together count for 25% of the grade and each exam counts for 25% of the grade. Grades will be posted on Compass. The grading scale is: A+ A A- B+ B B- C+ C C- D+ D D- F 95{100 90{94 85{89 80{84 75{79 70{74 65{69 60{64 55{59 50{54 45{49 40{44 0{39 Class attendance: Isn't required or graded. Since the lecture notes are on the web you may then think there is no reason to attend the lectures but in fact there is a strong correlation between attendance and grades. The reasons are (1) in class you can ask about things you don't understand, (2) I sometimes say more than I have put in the lecture notes, (3) I explain what is wrong or missing from students' answers to the questions, and (4) students who attend class aren't leaving preparation for quizzes and exams until the last minute. Information from the class schedule: Classes are 1:00{1:50 MWF in 331 Gregory Hall..

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New Candidate Pits and Caves at High Latitudes on the Near Side of the Moon
52nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2021 (LPI Contrib. No. 2548) 2733.pdf NEW CANDIDATE PITS AND CAVES AT HIGH LATITUDES ON THE NEAR SIDE OF THE MOON. 1,2 1,3,4 1 2 Wynnie Avent II and Pascal Lee , S ETI Institute, Mountain View, VA, USA, V irginia Polytechnic Institute 3 4 and State University Blacksburg, VA, USA. M ars Institute, N ASA Ames Research Center. Summary: 35 new candidate pits are identified in Anaxagoras and Philolaus, two high-latitude impact structures on the near side of the Moon. Introduction: Since the discovery in 2009 of the Marius Hills Pit (Haruyama et al. 2009), a.k.a. the “Haruyama Cavern”, over 300 hundred pits have been identified on the Moon (Wagner & Robinson 2014, Robinson & Wagner 2018). Lunar pits are small (10 to 150 m across), steep-walled, negative relief features (topographic depressions), surrounded by funnel-shaped outer slopes and, unlike impact craters, no raised rim. They are interpreted as collapse features resulting from the fall of the roof of shallow (a few Figure 1: Location of studied craters (Polar meters deep) subsurface voids, generally lava cavities. projection). Although pits on the Moon are found in mare basalt, impact melt deposits, and highland terrain of the >300 Methods: Like previous studies searching for pits pits known, all but 16 are in impact melts (Robinson & (Wagner & Robinson 2014, Robinson & Wagner 2018, Wagner 2018). Many pits are likely lava tube skylights, Lee 2018a,b,c), we used imaging data collected by the providing access to underground networks of NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Narrow tunnel-shaped caves, including possibly complex Angle Camera (NAC).
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The Presocratic Philosophers 240
XV The Ionian Revival (a) A few depressing facts If the Eleatics are right, scientists may as well give up their activities: a priori ratiocination reveals that the phenomena which science attempts to understand and explain are figments of our deceptive senses; the scientist has little or nothing to investigate—let him turn to poetry or to gardening. Fortunately few Greeks reasoned in that way; and some of the brightest gems of Greek philosophical science were polished in the generation after Parmenides. Empedocles, Anaxagoras, Philolaus, Leucippus, Democritus, Diogenes of Apollonia, all pursued the old Ionian ideal of historia despite the pressure of the Eleatic logos. And these neo-Ionian systems contain much of interest and much of permanent influence. How far they were genuine answers to the Eleatic metaphysics, and how far they were obstinate attempts to follow an out-moded profession, are questions which I shall later discuss. First, I shall offer a brief and preliminary survey of the main neo-Ionian systems which will, I hope, indicate the connexions between these men and their early models, show the respects in which their new systems must lead to conflict with Elea, and uncover the novelties of thought and argument by which they hoped to win that conflict. This section, however, will concern itself primarily with a few issues of chronology. I begin with Anaxagoras: his dates are remarkably well attested, and we know he lived from 500 to 428 BC (Diogenes Laertius, II.7=59 A 1); between his birth in Clazomenae and his death in Lampsacus he enjoyed a thirty-year sojourn in Athens, during which time he is said to have ‘taught’ Pericles and Euripides (e.g., Diogenes Laertius, II.10; 12=A 1) and to have been condemned on a charge of impiety brought against him by Pericles’ political opponents (e.g., Diogenes Laertius, II.
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Chapter Vii., the Pythagoreans
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Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece
Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Ancient Greek Philosophy but didn’t Know Who to Ask Edited by Patricia F. O’Grady MEET THE PHILOSOPHERS OF ANCIENT GREECE Dedicated to the memory of Panagiotis, a humble man, who found pleasure when reading about the philosophers of Ancient Greece Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything you always wanted to know about Ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask Edited by PATRICIA F. O’GRADY Flinders University of South Australia © Patricia F. O’Grady 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Patricia F. O’Grady has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identi.ed as the editor of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East Suite 420 Union Road 101 Cherry Street Farnham Burlington Surrey, GU9 7PT VT 05401-4405 England USA Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask 1. Philosophy, Ancient 2. Philosophers – Greece 3. Greece – Intellectual life – To 146 B.C. I. O’Grady, Patricia F. 180 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask / Patricia F.
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Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans1
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GPA + Footnotes
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Sources for the Philosophy of Archytas
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