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Historic Resources Survey Report for the City of Covington, Louisiana

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Historic Resources Survey Report for the City of Covington, Louisiana Historic Resources Survey Report Prepared by: for the City of Covington, Louisiana 8401 Shoal Creek Boulevard, Suite 100 April 2018 Austin, TX 78757 Cox|McLain Environmental Consulting TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction and Executive Summary ................................................................................................... 1 2. National Register of Historic Places Overview ...................................................................................... 4 2.1. Significance ................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2. Integrity ......................................................................................................................................... 5 2.3. Period of Significance .................................................................................................................... 5 2.4. NRHP Districts ............................................................................................................................... 5 3. Historic Research ................................................................................................................................... 7 3.1. Division of St. John National Register Nomination ....................................................................... 7 3.2. Historic Map and Aerial Photography Resources ......................................................................... 8 3.3. Local Resources ........................................................................................................................... 10 3.4. Additional Source Material ......................................................................................................... 11 4. Historic Context ................................................................................................................................... 12 4.1. Early Settlement and City Founding (1813–1865) ...................................................................... 12 4.2. The Victorian Era (1865–1900) ................................................................................................... 15 4.3. Early Twentieth-Century Development (1900–1945) ................................................................. 18 4.4. MidCentury Development (1945–1970) ..................................................................................... 21 4.5. Modern Industry and Downtown Revitalization (1970–2017) ................................................... 22 5. Architecture and Planning ................................................................................................................... 24 5.1. Planning....................................................................................................................................... 24 5.1.1. Ox lot City Plan........................................................................................................................ 24 5.2. Architectural Types and Styles .................................................................................................... 24 5.2.1. Creole Cottage Form ............................................................................................................... 25 5.2.2. Shotgun Form ......................................................................................................................... 25 5.2.3. Bungalow Form ....................................................................................................................... 26 City of Covington Historic Resources Survey ii Cox|McLain Environmental Consulting 5.2.4. Italianate Style ........................................................................................................................ 27 5.2.5. Eastlake/Stick Style ................................................................................................................. 27 5.2.6. Queen Anne Style ................................................................................................................... 28 5.2.7. Craftsman Style ....................................................................................................................... 28 5.2.8. Commercial Style .................................................................................................................... 29 5.2.9. Post-War Modern ................................................................................................................... 29 6. Survey Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 30 6.1. Fieldwork Preparation................................................................................................................. 30 6.2. Field Survey ................................................................................................................................. 31 6.3. Post-Field Processing and Evaluation ......................................................................................... 32 7. Survey Results and Observations ........................................................................................................ 34 7.1. Division of St. John ...................................................................................................................... 34 7.1.1. Period of Significance ............................................................................................................. 34 7.1.2. Contributing and Noncontributing Resources ........................................................................ 35 7.1.3. Resources Individually Eligible for the NRHP Within the Division of St. John ........................ 38 7.1.4. Division of St. John Historic District Survey Result Summary ................................................. 39 7.1.5. Integrity of Ox Lots ................................................................................................................. 42 7.2. Division of Spring ........................................................................................................................ 42 7.2.1. Resources Individually Eligible for the NRHP Within the Division of Spring .......................... 42 7.2.2. Division of Spring Survey Result Summary ............................................................................. 43 7.3. Additional Properties .................................................................................................................. 44 7.3.1. Resources Potentially Individually Eligible for the NRHP ....................................................... 45 8. Benefitting from This Survey and Next Steps ..................................................................................... 46 8.1. City and Community Benefits ..................................................................................................... 46 8.1.1. State Commercial Tax Credits ................................................................................................. 47 City of Covington Historic Resources Survey iii Cox|McLain Environmental Consulting 8.1.2. State Residential Tax Credits .................................................................................................. 47 8.1.3. Federal Tax Credits ................................................................................................................. 47 8.2. Next Steps ................................................................................................................................... 47 8.2.1. Update the Division of St. John NRHP Nomination ................................................................ 47 8.2.2. Consider Listing Additional Properties in the NRHP Individually ........................................... 48 8.2.3. Consider Developing Local Designation Programs ................................................................. 48 8.2.4. Plan for Future Surveys........................................................................................................... 49 9. Sources ................................................................................................................................................ 50 10. Additional Resources........................................................................................................................... 55 10.1. National Register of Historic Places ............................................................................................ 55 10.2. Tax Credits ................................................................................................................................... 55 10.3. Architectural Styles ..................................................................................................................... 55 APPENDICES Appendix A Maps Appendix B Tables Appendix C Survey Forms—Division of St. John National Register District Appendix D Survey Forms—Division of Spring and Additional Properties City of Covington Historic Resources Survey iv Cox|McLain Environmental Consulting 1. INTRODUCTION AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Founded in 1813 by John Wharton Collins at the fork of the Tchefuncte River and the Bogue Falaya, the City of Covington is a historic and vibrant part of the New Orleans Metropolitan area. Located just north of Lake Pontchartrain, it is the oldest town in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, as well as the parish seat. Between 2004 and 2011, the City of Covington undertook several planning projects,
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