An Environmental Profile of the Island of Virgin Gorda, British Virgin Islands
including Eustatia, Mosquito, Necker, Prickly Pear, Saba Rock, The Dog Islands, Broken Jerusalem, Fallen Jerusalem, and Round Rock
ADDENDUM I PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES
This publication was made possible with funding support from:
UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office Department for International Development Overseas Territories Environment Programme
The Government of the British Virgin Islands Office of the Premier
The Dave Hokin Foundation
The J. A. Woollam Foundation
The Houwer Family
Sir Richard Branson
An Environmental Profile of the Island of Virgin Gorda, British Virgin Islands including Eustatia, Mosquito, Necker, Prickly Pear, Saba Rock, The Dog Islands, Broken Jerusalem, Fallen Jerusalem, Round Rock
ADDENDUM I PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES
A Report of Island Resources Foundation
2012
This publication was made possible by Use of Profile: For further information, contact: the generous support of: Reproduction of this publication, or Island Resources Foundation The Overseas Territories Environment portions of this publication, is author- 123 Main Street, Road Town Programme (OTEP), under a con- ised for educational or non-commer- Tortola, British Virgin Islands tract between the UK Secretary of cial purposes without prior permission Tel. and Fax: 284.494.2723 State for Foreign and Common- of Island Resources Foundation, pro- OR wealth Affairs, as represented by vided the source is fully acknowl- the Governor of the Virgin Islands, edged. Island Resources Foundation and the Island Resources Founda- 1718 P Street Northwest, Suite T-4 tion, for implementation of a project Citation: Washington, DC 20036 USA identified as POT BV000052: “British Island Resources Foundation. 2012. An Tel: 202.265.9712 Virgin Islands Environmental Profile Environmental Profile of the Island of Fax: 202.232.0748 Programme, Phase 2: Anegada and Virgin Gorda, British Virgin Islands, in- [email protected] Virgin Gorda.” cluding Eustatia, Mosquito, Necker, The Government of the British Virgin Prickly Pear, Saba Rock, The Dog Is- This publication can be downloaded Islands through the Office of the lands, Broken Jerusalem, Fallen Jeru- at: www.irf.org Premier. salem, and Round Rock. Addendum I: Preliminary List of Plant Species. Island Cover Photo: The Dave Hokin Foundation. Resources Foundation. Tortola, British THE BATHS NATIONAL PARK, VIRGIN GORDA The J.A. Woollam Foundation. Virgin Islands and Washington, DC. 37 Photo Courtesy of the BVI Tourist Board The Houwer Family. pp.
Sir Richard Branson.
Preliminary List of Plant Species for Virgin Gorda, including Eustatia, Mosquito, Necker, Prickly Pear, Saba Rock, The Dog Islands, Broken Jerusalem, Fallen Jerusalem, and Round Rock
This list was principally compiled by Kevel C. Lindsay from identifications made during the terrestrial survey phase of the Virgin Gorda Environmental Profile project in 2011 and 2012, from the Flora of the West Indies catalogue at the Smithsonian Institution (see http://botany.si.edu/antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm), from Little and Woodbury, Flora of Virgin Gorda (1976), and through the ongoing efforts of research teams from the Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew) and the BVI National Parks Trust.
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
MONOCOTS
Amaryllidaceae
Hymenocallis latifolia (Mill.) M. Roem. Rare H N
Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb. * * * Locally common. H N
Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Voss H I
Crinum zeylanicum (L.) L. Occasional abandoned; also planted H I
Asparagaceae
Agave americana L. * Localised but spreading; invasive. H I Agave fourcroydes Lem. H I
Uncommon to rare and declining; PR Bank Agave missionum Trel. * * H N endemic Agave sisalana Perrine H I
Furcraea tuberosa (Mill.) Ait. ? Rare; WI endemic H N Sansevieria trifasciata Prain H I
Araceae
Anthurium cordatum (L.) Schott * Locally common; WI endemic H N
1 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent. H I
Syngonium podophyllum Schott H I
Arecaceae
*
Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. Ex
Declining; Caribbean endemic T N Mart.) Becc. Cocos nucifera L. * * * * * * Common and often planted T I
Sabal causiarum (O. F. Cook) Becc. * * Very rare; WI endemic. T N
Bromeliaceae
Aechmea lingulata (L.) Baker * Locally common. H N
Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill * Naturalised; occasional H I
Bromelia pinguin L. * * Common H N
Catopsis floribunda L. B. Sm. * Uncommon H N
Hohenbergia cf. antillana Mez * Very rare; PR Bank endemic H N Locally common but vulnerable; PR Bank Hohenbergia sp. * H N endemic? Likely to be P. angustifolia var. angustifolia, Pitcairnia sp. ? H N but flowers not yet observed Tillandsia fasciculata Sw. var. * * * Locally common but vulnerable H N fasciculata Tillandsia x lineatispica Mez ? * Rare; WI endemic H N
Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. Uncommon to rare H N Rare; not confirmed for VG, but small Tillandsia cf. setacea Sw. * Tillandsia observed growing on steep rocks H N at Leverick, may be this species Tillandsia utriculata L. * * * Common H N
Cannaceae
Canna indica L. * Very rare; often planted H N
2 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Casuarinaceae
Casuarina equisetifolia L. * * * Often planted; potentially invasive T I
Cymodoceaceae
Syringodium filiforme Kütz. Locally common but declining H N
Cyperaceae
Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. F.) Kral H N
Cyperus articulatus L. * Locally common H N
Cyperus compressus L. H N
Cyperus confertus Sw. H N
Cyperus elegans L. H N
Cyperus involucratus Rottb. H I
Cyperus laevigatus L. Considered rare on VG H N
Cyperus ligularis L. * * * H N
Cyperus nanus Willd. Rare? WI endemic H N
Cyperus odoratus L. * Rare H N
Cyperus planifolius Rich. * * * * * Common on dry slopes H N
Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var. * Rare? H N polystachyos Cyperus rotundus L. Common? H I
Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br. * * H N
Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl * H N subsp. dichotoma Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl * * H N
3 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Fimbrstylis sp. * H N?
Rhynchospora berteroi (Spreng.) ? Rare? H N C.B. Clarke Rhynchospora ciliata (G. Meyer) * Locally common to uncommon H N Kükenthal Rhynchospora contracta (Nees) J. * Locally common H N Raynal Rhynchospora rariflora (Michx.) Elliott ? Considered rare on VG H N
Scleria gaertneri Raddi ? Considered rare on VG H N
Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. * * * * Common H N
Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth Considered rare on VG H N
Hydrocharitaceae
Egeria densa Planch. * Naturalised H I
Thalassia testudinum K. D. Koenig *
Hypoxidaceae
Hypoxis decumbens L. ? * ? Rare H N
Lemnaceae
Lemna sp. * Very rare H N
Poaceae
Andropogon bicornis L. H N
Anthephora hermaphrodita (L.) H N Kuntze A native grass, similar in appearance to this species, is known from rocky, dry and Aristida cf. portoricensis Pilg. * exposed slopes on the east end of VG; rare and declining; PR Bank endemic
4 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Common; this species is invasive and has Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus * * * * * * * * pushed out native grasses, and reduced H I native habitats Bouteloua americana (L.) Scribn. ? ? ? ? * Common H N
Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. ? Naturalised H I
Cenchrus ciliaris L. ? Naturalised; invasive H I
Cenchrus echinatus L. * H N
Cenchrus cf. incertus M. A. Curtis * * H N
Chloris barbata Sw. * * * * H N
Chloris radiata (L.) Sw. H N
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. H I dactylon Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) * * * * Naturalised H I Willd. Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) * H I Stapf Digitaria bicornis (Lam.) Roem. & Common H I Schult. Digitaria eggersii (Hack.) Henrard PR Bank endemic H N
Digitaria eriantha Steud. H I
Digitaria insularis (L.) Mez ex Ekman * H N
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. H I
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link * * H I
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. H I
Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. H I
Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. Ex H I Roem. & Schult. Eustachys petraea (Sw.) Desv. * Very rare H N
5 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. H I exRoem. & Schult. Lasiacis divaricata (L.) Hitchc. * * * * Common H N
Lasiacis sorghoidea (Desv. ex Ham.) H N Hitchc. & Chase Megathyrsus maximus (Jacquin) B. K. * * * * Common; Invasive H I Simon & S. W. L. Jacobs Melenis repens (Willd.) Zizka * H I
Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P. Beauv. * * H N subsp. hirtellus Panicum repens L. H I
Paspalum distichum L. H N
Paspalum fimbriatum Kunth H N
Paspalum laxum Lam. * * Rare H N
Paspalum plicatulum Michx. H N
Setaria setosa (Sw.) P. Beauv. var. * * H N setosa Setaria utowanaea (Scribn.) Pilg. var. H N utowanaea Setaria cf. vulpiseta (Lam.) Roem. & Rare; a Setaria on the slopes of the eastern * H N Schult. end of the island resembles this species Spartina patens (Aiton) Muhlenberg * * * Locally common but declining H N
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. * * * * Locally common but declining. H N indicus Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) * Locally common but declining H N Hitchc. Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth * * On dunes and around salt ponds H N
Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) * Rare H N Kuntze Urochloa adspersa (Trin.) R. D. H N Webster Urochloa fusca (Sw.) B .F. Hansen & Locally common but declining H N Wunderlin
6 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr H I * *
Orchidaceae
A grass-like epiphyte seen growing on Brassavola cucullata (L.) R. Br. ? boulders in “boulder field” could be this H N species Cyclopogon cf. elatus (Sw.) Schltr. * Rare H N
Epidendrum anceps Jacq. * Uncommon to rare; localised H N
Epidendrum ciliare L. * * * Very common but localised H N
Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) * A natural introduction H I Lindl. Polystachya foliosa (Hook.) Rchb. f. * Locally common H N
Psychilis bifida (Aubl.) Sauleda GA endemic H N
Psychilis macconnelliae Sauleda * * * PR Bank endemic; common H N
Tetramicra elegans (Hamilton) * WI endemic H N Cogn. GA endemic; the taxonomy of T. caniculata and T. elegans are still being debated; the Tetramicra canaliculata (Aubl.) Urb. former is considered to be endemic to H N Hispaniola, though some doubt remains as to whether they are both separate species. Tolumnia prionochila (Kraenzl.) Common, often in large colonies; PR Bank * * * H N Braem endemic WI endemic; localised; much rarer than T. Tolumnia variegata (Sw.) Braem * H N prionochila Vanilla barbellata Rchb. F. * Locally common H N
Pteridophyta – Ferns
Lomariopsidaceae
Nephrolepis brownii (Desvaux) * * * Invasive H I Hovenkamp & Miyamoto Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Scott. * Rare H N
7 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Polypodiaceae
Microgramma heterophylla (L.) * * Locally common H N Wherry Neurodium lanceolatum (Linnaeus) * * Locally common H N Fée Phlebodium aureum (Linnaeus) J. * * Locally common H N Smith
Pteridaceae
Cheilanthes microphylla (Sw.) Sw. * Rare H N
Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link. * Rare H N
Thelypteridaceae
Thelypteris tetragona (Swartz) Small * * Rare H N ex R. P. Saint John var. tetragona
Smilacaceae
Smilax coriacea Spreng. * WI endemic; common V N Localised; a different species to the above, Smilax sp. * with no spines and larger leaves; it more V N resembles S. guianensis of the Lesser Antilles
Xanthorrhoeaceae
Of medicinal of importance to local Aloe vera (L.) Burm. F. H I * residents
DICOTS
Acanthaceae
Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson * * Garden escapee H I
Barleria repens Nees * Garden escapee H I
8 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Justicia cf. mirabiloides * Rare; GA endemic S N
Justicia periplocifolia Jacq. * Locally common S N
Oplonia microphylla (Lam.) Stearn * * Common; WI endemic S N
Oplonia spinosa (Jacq.) Raf. subsp. * * Common; GA endemic S N spinosa Ruellia coccinea (L.) Vahl WI endemic H N
Ruellia costata (Nees) Hiern. H I
Ruellia tuberosa L. * * * * Common H N
Ruellia tweediana Grisebach Potentially very invasive H I
Siphonoglossa sessilis (Jacq.) D.N. * * * Common H N Gibson
Aizoaceae
Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. * * * * * Common H N
Trianthema sp. * Common H N
Amaranthaceae
Primarily in disturbed habitats, especially Achyranthes aspera L. var. aspera * * H N around gardens, farms and towns Primarily in disturbed habitats, especially Alternanthera sp. H N * around gardens, farms and towns Primarily in disturbed habitats, especially Amaranthus crassipes Schltd. H N * around gardens, farms and towns Primarily in disturbed habitats, especially Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. * H I? around gardens, farms and towns Primarily in disturbed habitats, especially Amaranthus polygonoides L. H N around gardens, farms and towns Primarily in disturbed habitats, especially Amaranthus spinosus L. H N * around gardens, farms and towns. Primarily in disturbed habitats, especially Amaranthus viridis L. H N around gardens, farms and towns. Blutaparon vermiculare (L.) Mears * * Locally common H N
9 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Celosia nitida Vahl * * Locally common H N
Chamissoa altissima (Jacq.) Kunth H N
Iresine angustifolia Euphrasen * Rare H N Cited by Britton (1923-30) for VG, but may Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J. F. Gmel. refer to S. tampicensis, a related species H N recorded for Anegada
Anacardiaceae
Anacardium occidentale L. * Likely introduced by Amerindians. T I
Comocladia dodonaea (L.) Urb. * * Common S N
Mangifera indica L. Planted and naturalised. T I Possibly introduced to region by Spondias mombin L. Amerindians, and then spread from island to T I? island by bats
Annonaceae
Annona glabra L. Very rare. T N
Annona muricata L. * Naturalised T N?
Annona squamosa L. * Naturalised T N?
Apocynaceae
Allamanda cathartica L. S I
Allotooniaa gglutinata (Jacq.) J. F. Rare; GA endemic V N Morales & J. K. Williams Asclepias curassavica L. * Occasional H N
Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand. * * Locally common. S I
Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold * Rare T I
Cathranthus roseus (L) Don * Natralised H I
10 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Cryptostegia grandiflora R. Br. Invasive S I
Cryptostegia madagascariensis * Invasive, especially in dry coastal habitats S I Bojer ex Decne. Matelea maritima (Jacq.) Woodson * Locally common to rare V N
Metastel madecipiens Schltr. Rare? WI endemic V N
Metastelma parviflorum (Sw.) R. Br. * * * Common V N ex Schult. Pentalinon luteum (L.) B. F. Hansen & * * Locally common. V N Wunderlin Plumeria alba L. * * * * * * * * * WI endemic T N
Rauvolfia viridis Willd. Ex Roem. & * * Common S N Schult.
Asteraceae
Acanthospermum hispidum A. DC. H N
Ageratum conyzoides L. subsp. * At times, seasonally common H N conyzoides This species is usually rare, but more so Ambrosia hispida Pursh H N because of coastal habitat destruction Bidens alba (L.) DC. var. radiata H I (Sch. Bip.) R.E. Ballard Bidens cynapiifolia Kunth H
Borrichia arborescens (L.) DC. * * ? Uncommon to rare S N Sometimes seasonally common in localised Centratherum punctatum Cass. * H N situations. Sometimes planted Chromolaena corymbosa (Aubl.) R. * * ? * Common S N M. King & H. Rob. Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King * Common S N & H. Rob. Chromolaena sinuata (Lam.) R. M. Locally common, but overall, limited * * S N King & H. Rob. distribution in the islands. WI endemic Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist H N var. bonariensis
11 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Cosmos caudatus Kunth Rare? H N
Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Often planted H I
Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob. * * * * * H N
Eleusine indica (Linnaeus) Gaertner * Natralised H I
Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Sch.- * H N Bip. Emilia coccinea (Sims) G. Don Natralised H I
Emilia fosbergii Nicholson * Natralised H I
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. var. Natralised H I sonchifolia Launaea intybacea (Jacq.) * * * Natralised S N Beauverd Lepidaploa glabra (Willd.) H. Rob. * * Relatively common; WI endemic S N
Lepidaploa sericea (Rich.) H. Rob. * Rare; GA endemic S N
Parthenium hysterophorus L. A herb of disturbed sites H N
Pectis humifusa Sw. H N
Pectis linearis La Llave * Common H N
Pectis linifolia L. * Rare H N
Piptocoma antillana Urb. * Common; PR Bank endemic S N
Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G. Don * Common S N
Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. Common H N
Pterocaulon alopecuroideum (Lam.) Rare? H N DC. Pterocaulon virgatum (L.) DC. Rare H N
Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. * * * * Common H N
Tridax procumbens L. * Common H N
12 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Wedelia calycina Rich. var. calycina * * * Common S N
Wedelia fruticosa Jacq. * * * Common S N
Avicenniaceae
Avicennia germinans (L.) L. * * * * * Localised and declining T N
Basellaceae
Anredera vesicaria (Lam.) C. F. * Rare V N Gaertn.
Bignoniaceae
Crescentia cujete L. Rare T N
Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A. * Rare V N Gentry Usually planted, but also in waste places in Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. ? T I towns Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton * * * * * * * Common T N
Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth * * * Common S N
Boraginaceae
Declining as coastal habitats disappear; WI Argusia gnaphalodes (L.) Heine * * * * S N endemic Bourreria succulenta Jacq. * * * * Common T N
Cordia alliodora (Ruiz &Pav.) Oken T N
Cordia collococca L. * Uncommon T N
Cordia laevigata Lam. T N
May be invasive in some locations; fruits Cordia obliqua Willd. * * T I favoured by Columbids Localised, but seemingly declining; GA Cordia rickseckeri Millsp. * T I endemic
13 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Cordia sebestena L. var. sebestena * Often planted T I?
Cordia sulcata DC. Rare; WI endemic T N
Euploca ternata (Vahl) J.I.M. Melo & * Locally common but declining H N Semir Heliotropium angiospermum Murray * * * Common H N
Heliotropium curassavicum L. * * * * Common H N
Heliotropium indicum L. Common H N
Myriopus microphyllus (Bertero ex * * * Rare; WI endemic V N Spreng.) Feuillet Rochefortia acanthophora (DC.) * * * * Uncommon; WI endemic T N Griseb. Tournefortia cf. hirsutissima L. * Very rare V N
Varronia polycephala Lam. * * Locally common S N
Brassicaceae
Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O. E. * * Occasional on sandy beaches and dunes H N Schulz
Burseraceae
Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. * * * * * * * * Common T N
Cactaceae
Consolea rubescens (Salm-Dyck ex Very rare; WI endemic T N DC.) Lem. Hylocereus trigonus (Haw.) Saff. * * Common; WI endemic V N
Mammillaria nivosa Link ex Pfeiffer * * WI endemic; rare & declining H N
Melocactus intortus (Mill.) Urb. subsp. * * * * * * WI endemic; Locally common & declining H N intortus Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm- * * Natralised S I Dyck
14 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
This species in the BVI needs further study Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. * * ? * ? since the closely related O. stricta may also S N be present Opuntia repens Bello * * * * Common; PR Bank endemic H N
Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles& * * * * * * * * * * Common; WI endemic T N Rowley Stenocereus fimbriatus (Lam.) * * Rare; vulnerable; GA endemic T N Lourteig
Cannabaceae
Trema micranthum (L.) Blume * ? Locally common T N
Canellaceae
Canella winterana L.) Gaertner WI endemic T N
Capparaceae
Capparidastrum frondosum (Jacq.) * Uncommon to rare T N X. Cornejo & H.H. Iltis Cynophalla flexuosa (L.) J. Presl * * * * * Common T N
Cynophalla hastata (Jacq.) J. Presl ? Rare; WI endemic T N
Quadrella cynophallophora (L.) * * * Common; WI endemic T N Hutch. Quadrella indica (L.) Iltis & Cornejo * * * * Common T N
Caricaceae
This species came with the Amerindians and is one of the main pioneer species in newly Carica papaya L. * cut over natural forests in the uplands; it is H I preferred by bats and birds because of the fruits and nectar
Celastraceae
15 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Crossopetalum rhacoma Crantz * * * Common S N
Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) * * * ? * * * Common; WI endemic T N DC. Maytenus cymosa Krug &Urb. * Localised; PR Bank endemic T N
Maytenus laevigata (M. Vahl) * * Rare; WI endemic T N Griseb. ex Eggers Schaefferia frutescens Jacq. * * Uncommon to rare S N
Chrysobalanaceae
Chrysobalanus icaco L. * Becoming quite rare S N
Cleomaceae
Cleome rutidosperma DC. * Locally common to occasional H I
Cleome viscosa L. * * Locally common H N
Cleoserrata serrata (Jacq.) Iltis H N
Clusiaceae
Clusia rosea Jacq. * * * * * Common T N
Combretaceae
Bucida buceras L. Locally common T N
Conocarpus erectus L. var. erectus * * * * * Declining T N
Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. * * * * * Declining T N F. Terminalia catappa L. Natralised T I
Commelinaceae
16 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Occasional in some locations; never quite Callisia repens (Jacq.) L. * * H N common Commelina diffusa Burm. F. * Locally common H N
Commelina erect L. * * Locally common H N
Rhoeo spathacea (Sw.) Stearn ? Rare H N
Tradescantia spathacea Sw. H N
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulus nodiflorus Desr. * Occasional to rare V N
Cuscuta americana L. * * * * * * Common V N
Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. var. debilis H N (Kunth) Ooststr. Evolvulus convolvuloides (Willd. ex * * Locally common V N Schult.) Stearn Evolvulus filipes Mart. * * Locally common H N
Ipomoea eggersii (House) D. F. * * * WI endemic V N Austin Ipomoea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. var. * * * Locally common V N acuminata (Vahl) Fosberg Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. * * * * * * * Common V N
Ipomoea sp. * Rare V N
Ipomoea steudelii Millsp. ? Rare; GA endemic V N
Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy V N
Ipomoea triloba L. V N
Ipomoea violacea L. * * Localised but may be declining V N
Jacquemontia cumanensis (Kunth) ? Rare V N Kuntze Jacquemontia havanensis (Jacq.) * * Rare V N Urb.
17 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Jacquemontia pentanthos (Jacq.) * * * Common V N G. Don Jacquemontia solanifolia (L.) H. * Uncommon to rare V N Hallier Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urb. * Common V N
Merremia dissecta (Jacquin) Hallier f. * * * Uncommon V N
Merremia quinquefolia (L.) Hallier f. * * * V N
Stictocardia tiliifolia (Desr.) Hallier f. * Uncommon to rare V I
Crassulaceae
Bryophyllum daigremontiana Raym.- * * Uncommon H I Hamet & H. Perrier Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken * Uncommon H I
Cucurbitaceae
Cayaponia americana (Lam.) Cogn. Common V N
Cucumis anguria Linnaeus * Naturalised V I
Melothria pendula L. * Rare V N
Momordica charantia L. Naturalised V I
Erythroxylaceae
Erythroxylum brevipes DC. * * ? WI endemic; locally common T N
Erythroxylum rotundifolium Lunan Uncommon to rare T N
Euphorbiaceae
Adelia ricinella L. * * * Common S N
Argythamnia candicans Sw. * * Locally common to uncommon; WI endemic S N
18 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Astraea lobata (L.) Klotzsch * Common H N
Croton astroites Dryand. * * * * * * Common; WI endemic S N
Croton betulinus Vahl * * Locally common; WI endemic S N
Croton fishlockii Britton * * Uncommon to rare; VI endemic S N
Croton flavens L. * * * * * * Common S N
Croton ovalifolius Vahl Rare? S N
Dalechampia scandens L. * * Locally common V N
Ditaxis fasciculata Vahl ex A. Juss. ? * Locally common S N
Euphorbia articulata Aubl. * Uncommon to rare; WI endemic S N
Euphorbia cyathophora Murray * Uncommon H N
Euphorbia heterophylla L. * Uncommon H N
Euphorbia hirta L. * Uncommon H N
Euphorbia hyssopifolia Linnaeus * * Uncommon H N
Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia * * * * Uncommon S N Jacq. Euphorbia petiolaris Sims * * Locally common but declining S N
Euphorbia prostrata Aiton * * * Common H N
Euphorbia tithymaloides L. subsp. Rare and declining S N padifolia (L.) V. W. Steinm. Gymnanthes lucida Sw. * ? * Common T N
Hippomane mancinella L. * * * * * Common but may be declining T N
Jatropha curcas L. S N
Jatropha gossypiifolia L. var. * * * * * Common S N gossypiifolia Localised around towns, gardens and waste Ricinus communis L. * * H I places
19 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Tragia volubilis L. * * Common V N
Fabaceae
Abrus precatorius L. * * Naturalised V I
Adenanthera pavonina L. H N
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. T I
Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. * * Common H I
Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. ? Rare V N
Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. * * * * Common V N
Centrosema pubescens (L.) Benth. * * Uncommon to rare V N
Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. * * * * Common V N
Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) * * Common S N Greene var. glandulosa Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) * * The variety present has not been identified S N
Clitoria ternatea L. var. ternatea V I
Coursetia caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin * Rare S N var. Caribaea Crotalaria incana L. * H N
Crotalaria lotifolia L. var. lotifolia * * Uncommon to locally common H N
Crotalaria retusa L. * * Common H I
Crotalaria verrucosa L. H I
Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. S N
Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. * Often planted T I
Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. * * * * Common S N
Desmodium glabrum (Mill.) DC. H N
20 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Desmodium incanum DC. * * * H N
Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. * H N
Desmodium sp. * H N
Galactia dubia DC. * WI endemic V N
Galactia eggersii Urb. * Rare; VI endemic V N
Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb. * * * * Common V N
Guilandina bonduc L. * * Uncommon to rare S N A local “variety” without thorns or nearly so is found at Savannah, and makes for a good Guilandina ciliata Bergius ex Wikstr. S N * * horticultural form for native gardens; WI endemic Hymenaea courbaril L. * T N
Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. S N
Indigofera tinctoria L. * S I
Inga laurina Sw. Willd. * T N
Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet * Cultivated; naturalised V N
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De * * * * * * * * * Naturalised; invasive T I Wit subsp. leucocephala Macroptilium atropurpureum (Mociño & Sessé y Lacasta ex de * Common V N Candolle) Urban Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urban * * * Common V N
Mimosa ceratonia L. var. ceratonia * Rare V N
Mimosa pudica L. var. pudica H N
Parkinsonia aculeata L. * * T I
Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Often planted S I Baker ex K. Heyne
21 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Pictetia aculeata (Vahl) Urb. * * * Locally common; GA endemic T N
Piscidia carthagenensis Jacq. * * * * * * * T N
Pithecellobium unguis-cati (L.) Benth. * * * * * Common; WI endemic T N
Poitea florida (Vahl) Lavin * * Uncommon; PR Bank endemic T N
Prosopis cf. pallida (Humb. & Bonpl. * Natralised; uncommon T I ex Willd.) Kunth Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. * * * * V N
Rhynchosia phaseoloides (Sw.) DC. * Rare V N
Rhynchosia reticulata (Sw.) DC. var. * * V N reticulata Senegalia muricata (L.) Britton & * * * * Comm.; WI endemic T N Rose Senna alata (L.) Roxb. * Naturalised S I
Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. var. * * S N bicapsularis Senna occidentalis (L.) Link * S N
Senna obtusifolia (Linnaeus) H. S. * * S N Irwin & Barneby Sesbania sericea (Wild.) Link * * * Naturalised S I
Stylosanthes cf. guianensis (Aubl.) * * Naturalised H I Sw. Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub. * * Naturalised H I
Tamarindus indica L. * * * Naturalised T I
Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers. * * * * * H N
Tephrosia senna Kunth * * * Locally common S N
Teramnus labialis (L. f.) Spreng. * * * V N
Vachellia anegadensis (Britton) * Rare; BVI endemic S N Seigler & Ebinger
22 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & * * T N? Arn. Vachellia macracantha (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Seigler & * * * Natralised; invasive T I Ebinger Vachellia tortuosa (L.) Seigler & * * Common T N? Ebinger Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Bentham * Occasional to locally common V N
Zygia latifolia (L.) Fawc. & Rendle Status uncertain S N var. latifolia
Goodeniaceae
Scaevola plumieri (L.) Vahl * * Locally endangered S N
Scaevola sericea Vahl * * * Natralised; invasive S I
Hernandiaceae
Species unknown; restricted to boulder field Hernandia sp. T N * in undisturbed conditions
Lamiaceae
Aegiphila martinicensis Jacq. var. S N martinicensis Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. H N
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. H I
Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br.
Common; popular for teas and local Ocimum campechianum Mill. H N medicine Ocimum tenuiflorum L. H I
Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Sometimes naturalises H I Spreng. Volkameria aculeata L. * * Locally common S N
23 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Lauraceae
Cassytha filiformis L. * Common V N
Licaria sp. * Uncommon T N
Nectandra coriacea (Sw.) Griseb. * * Locally common T N
Loganiaceae
Spigelia anthelmia L. Common H N
Loranthaceae
Dendropemon caribaeus Krug & * * Uncommon; GA endemic S N Urb.
Lythraceae
Locally common, but declining; GA Ginoria rohrii (Vahl) Koehne T N * * endemic
Malpighiaceae
Byrsonima spicata (Cav.) DC. * Uncommon to rare T N
Heteropterys purpurea (L.) Kunth * * GA endemic; uncommon to rare V N
Malpighia infestissima Rich. Ex Nied. * GA endemic; rare T N
Malpighia woodburyana Vivaldi * * * * PR Bank endemic; common S N
Stigmaphyllon emarginatum (Cav.) * * * * * * Common; WI endemic V N A. Juss. Stigmaphyllon floribundum (DC.) C. Locally common; PR Bank endemic V N E. Anderson
Malvaceae
Abutilon umbellatum (L.) Fryxell * Uncommon S N
24 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Abutilon sp. * Uncommon to rare S N
Ayenia ardua Cristóbal S N
Ayenia insulicola Cristóbal Locally common; WI endemic S N
Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. S N sanctae-crucis R. E. Fr. Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth var. * Occasional S N viscosa Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. * * Occasional S N
Corchorus aestuans L. * * * * Common S N
Corchorus hirsutus L. * * * Locally common but vulnerable S N
Corchorus hirtus L. ? S N
Gossypium barbadense L. var. S N barbadense Helicteres jamaicensis Jacq. * * Common; WI endemic S N
Malachra capitata (L.) L. S N
Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. * * Common S N
Malvastrum corchorifolium (Desr.) * Uncommon to locally common S N Britton ex Small Melochia nodiflora Sw. * Rare S N
Melochia spicata (L.) Fryxell Rare S N
Melochia tomentosa L. * * * * * Very rare? S N
Pavonia spinifex (L.) Cav. * Rare? S N
Pseudabutilon umbellatum (L.) Fryxell * Locally common S N
Sida acuta Burm. F. * * * * Common S N
Sida ciliaris L. S N
Sida cordata (Burm. F) Borss. Waalk. S N
25 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Sida cordifolia L. * Locally common S N
Sida glabra Mill. var. glabra S N
Sida glomerata Cav. * * * * Common S N
Sida cf. glutinosa Comm. ex Cav. * Rare S N
Sida jamaicensis L. subsp. S N jamaicensis Sida repens Dombey ex Cav. * * Uncommon to rare H I
Sida salviifolia C. Presl S N
Sida spinosa L. * Common H N
Sidastrum cf. micranthum (A. St.-Hil.) * Natralised H N Fryxell Sidastrum multiflorum (Jacq.) Fryxell * * * * Common H N
Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex * * * Common but vulnerable T N Corrêa Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. * Uncommon S N
Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. ? Uncommon S N
Urena lobata L. * Uncommon S N
Waltheria indica L. * * * Common to locally common S N
Wissadula amplissima (L.) R. E. Fr. S N
Melastomataceae
Miconia laevigata (L.) DC. * * Rare S N
Miconia cf. striata (M. Vahl) Cogn. * Very rare S N
Tetrazygia angustifolia (Sw.) DC. * Uncommon to rare; WI endemic T N
Tetrazygia elaeagnoides (Sw.) DC. GA endemic T N
26 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Meliaceae
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. * * Invasive T I
Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. * * Natralised; often planted T I
Trichilia cf. hirta L. * Rare T N
Menispermaceae
Cissampelos pareira L. * Rare V N
Molluginaceae
Mollugo nudicaulis Lam. Rare H N
Mollugo verticillata L. H N *
Moraceae
Ficus citrifolia Mill. * * * * * T N
Ficus sp. T N * *
Moringaceae
Moringa oleifera Lam. * Prized in local medicine T I
Myrtaceae
Calyptranthes kiaerskovii Krug & Urb. * Localised but rare; BVI endemic T N
Calyptranthes pallens Griseb. * T N
Calyptranthes thomasiana O. Berg * Rare; VI endemic T N
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. T N
Eugenia axillaris (Sw.) Willd. * Rare and possibly declining T N
27 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. * * Common T N
Eugenia confusa DC. T N
Eugenia cordata (Sw.) DC. var. * * Rare; WI endemic T N cordata Eugenia cordata (Sw.) DC. * Rare; WI endemic T N var. sintenisii (Kiaersk.) Krug &Urb. Eugenia ligustrina (Sw.) Willd. Uncommon to rare T N
Eugenia monticola (Sw.) DC. * * * Uncommon T N
Eugenia procera Sw. Poiret * Localised but stable T N
Eugenia pseudopsidium Jacq. * * Common T N PR Bank endemic; localised; uncommon but Eugenia sessiliflora Vahl * * T N stable Eugenia sp. ? T N
Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex T N Willd.) O. Berg Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC. * * T N
Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J. W. * Localised; uncommon T N Moore var. racemosa Psidium amplexicaule Pers. * Localised; GA endemic T N
Psidium guajava L. * * Rare in the wild T N?
Nyctaginaceae
Boerhavia coccinea Mill. * Common H N
Boerhavia diffusa L. var. leiocarpa Common H N (Heimerl) C. D. Adams Boerhavia scandens L. * Common H N
Guapira fragrans (Dum. Cours.) Little * * * * * Common T N
Guapira sp. * * Seems different to G. fragrans T N
28 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Neea buxifolia (Hook. F.) Heimerl * Rare; PR Bank endemic S N
Pisonia subcordata Sw. * * * * * * Common T N
Ochnaceae
Ouratea litoralis Urb. * GA endemic T N
Oleaceae
Forestiera eggersiana Krug & Urb. * * * Uncommon T N
Forestiera segregata (Jacq.) Krug & Rare T N Urb.
Onagraceae
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven * * * Common H N
Ludwigia sp. * Rare H N
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis corniculata L. * Uncommon H N
Papaveraceae
Argemone mexicana L. * Common weed of waste places H N
Passifloraceae
Passiflora edulis Sims * Natralised V I
Passiflora foetida L. var. ? * * * * Common V N
Passiflora cf. multiflora L. var. * Rare V N multiflora Passiflora rubra L. * Rare V N
29 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Passiflora sp. * Rare V N
Passiflora suberosa L. * * * * Common V N
Phyllanthaceae
Margaritaria nobilis L. F. * * Uncommon to rare T N
Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & * * Common H N Thonn. Phyllanthus epiphyllanthus L. subsp. * Common S N epiphyllanthus Phyllanthus niruri L. H N
Phytolaccaceae
Rivina humilis L. * * Common H N
Trichostigma octandrum (L.) H. * * Uncommon to rare and localised V N Walter
Piperaceae
Peperomia glabella (Sw.) A. Dietr. * * Locally common H N
Peperomia magnoliifolia (Jacq.) A. * Rare H N Dietr. Peperomia myrtifolia (Vahl) A. Dietr. * Locally common; WI endemic H N
Plantaginaceae
Scoparia dulcis L. H N?
Polygalaceae
Locally common, but restricted; GA Badiera penaea (L.) DC. * S N endemic Securidaca diversifolia (L.) S. F. Blake Status currently unknown V N
30 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Polygonaceae
Localised in towns; invasive and potentially Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. * very destructive to native plants and V I habitats Coccoloba cf. costata C. Wright * Rare; GA endemic T N
Coccoloba cf. diversifolia Jacq. ? Rare T N
Coccoloba krugii x uvifera R. A. ? Very rare; WI endemic T N Howard Coccoloba krugii Lindau * * Locally common but not widespread T N
Coccoloba microstachya Willd. ? * * * GA endemic; common T N
Coccoloba swartzii Meisn. f. swartzii * * * * ? WI endemic; common T N Localised on coast but declining; imported Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L. * * * * * * * * * cultivars from FL may threaten native stock T N through hybridisation and diseases Coccoloba venosa L. * Very rare T N
Portulacaceae
Portulaca halimoides L. * Uncommon to rare H N
Portulaca oleracea L. subsp. * * Common H N oleracea Portulaca quadrifida L. ? Uncommon to rare H N
Portulaca rubricaulis Kunth H N
Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss. * * Common H N
Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) H N Gaertn.
Primulaceae
Ardisia obovata Desv. ex Ham. * Common T N
Jacquinia arborea Vahl * * Common T N
31 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Jacquinia cf. armillaris Jacq. * Rare T N
Jacquinia berteroi Spreng. var. Uncommon to locally common though * * T N berteroi declining; WI endemic
Rhamnaceae
Colubrina arborescens (Mill.) Sarg. * * * Localised though declining T N
Colubrina elliptica (Sw.) Brizicky * Localised though declining T N
Gouania lupuloides (L.) Urb. * Localised and may be declining V N
Krugiodendron ferreum (Vahl) Urb. * Common T N
Reynosia guama Urb. * * * Locally common; VI endemic T N
Ziziphus rignonii Delponte * * Very rare; WI endemic T N
Rhizophoraceae *
Rhizophora mangle L. * * Localised and declining T N
Rubiaceae
Catesbaea parviflora Sw. Rare S N
Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. * * Common V N
Erithalis fruticosa L. * * * * * Locally common S N
Ernodea littoralis Sw. * * Localised but declining S N
Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.) Roem. * * Uncommon T N & Schult. Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. * Localised but common T N
Guettarda odorata (Jacq.) Lam. * * * Uncommon to rare T N
Guettarda scabra (L.) Lam. * Common T N
Guettarda sp. * Rare; possibly G. ovalifoliaUrb T N
32 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Ixora ferrea (Jacq.) Benth. * Uncommon T N
Machaonia woodburyana Acev.- * * * Locally common to rare; VI endemic S N Rodr. Margaritopsis microdon (DC.) C. M. * Common S N Taylor Mitracarpus polycladus Urb. GA endemic H N Prised for its medicinal properties; potentially Morinda citrifolia L. S I invasive Psychotria glabrata Sw. * ? Uncommon; WI endemic S N
Psychotria nervosa Sw. * Common S N
Randia aculeata L. var. aculeata * * * * * Common S N
Rondeletia pilosa Sw. * * Common; PR Bank endemic T N
Scolosanthus versicolor Vahl * * Common; WI endemic S N
Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pavon H N
Spermacoce sp. * * Common H N
Spermacoce tenuior L. * H N
Spermacoce verticillata L. * Locally common H N
Rutaceae T N
Amyris elemifera L. * Rare T I
Murraya paniculata (L.) Jacq. T I
Zanthoxylum cf. martinicense (Lam.) * Rare T N DC. Zanthoxylum thomasianum (Krug & Rare and localised. Endangered. Some authorities now consider this a subspecies of T N Urb.) Krug & Urb. * Z. punctatum; PR Bank endemic
Salicaceae
Casearia decandra Jacq. * Rare T N
33 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Samyda dodecandra Jacq. * * Locally common to rare; WI endemic T N
Xylosma buxifolia A. Gray * Very rare; WI endemic T N
Santalaceae
Phoradendron racemosum (Aubl.) Rare S N Krug & Urb.
Sapindaceae
Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. * * * Natralised; invasive T I
Sapindus saponaria L. T N
Serjania lucida Schumach. * * * Common; GA endemic V N
Sapotaceae
Chrysophyllum argenteum Jacq. * Uncommon to rare T N
Sideroxylon foetidissimum Jacq. T N
Sideroxylon obovatum Lam. * * * Common; WI endemic T N Rare. Possibly an unusual form of S. Sideroxylon sp. T N * obovatum
Scrophulariaceae
Capraria biflora L. * * Common H N
Solanaceae
Brunfelsia americana L. * * Locally common S N
Capsicum frutescens L. S N
Cestrum laurifolium L. * Uncommon S N
Datura inoxia Mill. * * Common; localised at waste places H N
34 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Datura metel L. H I
Datura stramonium L. H N
Physalis angulata L. * * * Common H N
Solanum bahamense L. * * * * * Common S N
Solanum conocarpum Dunal ex Poir. * * VI endemic S N
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. * * * * Natralised S I
Solanum erianthum D. Don * Rare S N
Solanum polygamum Vahl * * WI endemic S N
Solanum seaforthianum Andrews Natralised S I
Solanum torvum Sw. S N
Surianaceae
Suriana maritima L. * * ? * Rare and declining S N
Turneraceae
Turnera diffusa Willd. Ex Schult. * Locally common but may be declining S N
Turnera ulmifolia L. * Uncommon S N
Urticaceae
Pilea herniarioides (Sw.) Lindl. var. Rare H N herniarioides Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. var. H N microphylla
Verbenaceae
Citharexylum spinosum L. * * * * * Common T N
35 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
LOCATION
land
land
land
land land
SPECIES land STATUS
ar Island ar
fellerRoad
ORIGIN
GROWTHFORM
Gorda Peak Gorda
BoulderField
East East EndPen.
SavannaBay
Spanish Spanish Town
NeckerIs
Eustatia Is
MosquitoIs
Fallen Jerusalem Fallen
Great Dog Great Is
SouthSound Area
PricklyPe
Round RockRound Is
GeorgeDog Is
Old RockeOld LeverickBay/N.Sound
Duranta erecta L. Uncommon to locally common H N
Lantana camara L. * * Common S N
Lantana involucrata L. * * * * * Common S N
Lantana sp. * * * * Localised but common S N
Nashia cf. inaguensis Millsp. * Rare; new island record for VG; GA endemic S N
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene H N
Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers. H N
Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) * Localised but common H N Vahl Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl * * * * Common H N
Stachytarpheta sp. * * Possibly introduced H I?
Vitaceae
Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl Natralised; rare V I
Cissus trifoliata (L.) L. * * * * * Common V N
Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. V N Jarvis subsp. colombiana Lombardi Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. * * * Common V N Jarvis subsp. verticillata
Zygophyllaceae
Guaiacum officinale L. Very rare and extinct in wild on most islands T N
Kallstroemia maxima (L.) Hook. & * Common in gardens and disturbed areas H N Arn. Tribulus cistoides L. H N
Table Key: H=herb; S=shrub; T=tree; V=vine; I=introduced; BVI=British Virgin Islands; GA=Greater Antilles; PR=Puerto Rico; VG=Virgin Gorda; WI=West Indian.
36 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
Notes: The inclusion of a ? in the location columns indicates that the species may have been observed in that location. The absence of an asterisk (*) in any location in- dicates that Island Resources Foundation’s field research team did not observe the plant in that location or that published reports and other sources did not give the location.
Undoubtedly, other sites and locations within Virgin Gorda and the surrounding islands could also be added to the above list. The reader should note that the definition of any given area or site, such as Gorda Peak, has been broadly defined in general area and size, and that further work by others will help to add more specific location data, conservation status and species records to the current list.
37 VIRGIN GORDA (BVI) ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE