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Case Study: the Story of Abel and Cain)

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Case Study: the Story of Abel and Cain) Journal of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Vol.18, No.1, Serial.49, Spring 2021 http://tqh.alzahra.ac.ir/ AlZahra University The Application of Intertextual Reading in Reconstructing the Historical Context of the Qur’anic verses (case study: The Story of Abel and Cain) Mahmoud Makvand1 DOI: 10.22051/tqh.2020.30460.2780 Received: 2/4/2020 Accepted: 21/9/2020 Abstract Reconstructing the historical context of the verses, the situation in which the Qur'anic text has been formed, from various aspects, in particular explaining the exact meaning of the verses, is a difficult, significant and fruitful matter. However, little authentic evidence is available for this purpose. We know that the Qur'an in many cases speaks considering the traditions and teachings mentioned in sacred Jewish-Christian texts, that have been current in the mouth of the people of the age of revelation. Therefore, Intertextual reading is very effective in restoring the text of the Qur'an as an authentic historical document and, as a result, in reconstructing the historical context of the verses and recognizing the audience of the age of revelation. In the present study, based on this approach, we have studied the intertextual reading of verses27- 32of Surat al-Ma'idah related to the story of Abel and Cain. Re-reading the Qur'an and sacred Jewish-Christian texts, including the Old Testament, the New Testament, and the Talmud, shows that the story is narrated similarly and the language is symbolic. However, the Qur'an does not merely retell the story but modifies these texts and creates new meanings according to its audience in the age of revelation. The intertextual reading shows that verses 27-32 of Surat al-Ma'idah are related to the tension between the 7th century AD Jews in the Arabian Peninsula and the Prophet of Islam; they intend to betray the Prophet again and kill him. Finally, considering some historical narratives along with the intertextual reading indicates that the above verses refer to the treachery of the Jews of Khaybar around year 7 (AH). Keywords: The Qur'an, intertextuality, historical context, Abel, Cain, the Bible, the Talmud. 1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Qur’an and Hadith Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. [email protected] ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ «ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﻗﺮآن و ﺣﺪﻳﺚ» داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﻟﺰﻫﺮا(ﺳ ﻼم اﷲ ﻋﮫﺎ) ﺳﺎل ﺷﺎﻧﺰدﻫﻢ، ﺷﻤﺎره 3، ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ 1398، ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 43، ﺻﺺ236-203 ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻣﺘﻨﻲ و ﻧﻘﺶ آن در ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ آﻳﺎت ﻗﺮآن (ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي داﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎﺑﻴﻞ و ﻗﺎﺑﻴﻞ) ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺪ1 DOI: 10.22051/tqh.2020.30460.2780 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: 1399/01/24 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ: 1399/06/31 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺑﺎزﺳـــﺎزي ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ آﻳﺎت ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ در آن ﻣﺘﻦ ﻗﺮآن ﺷـــﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳـــﺖ از وﺟﻮه ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن، ﺑﻪوﻳﮋه ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي دﻗﻴﻖ آﻳﺎت، ﻣ ﺴﺌﻠﻪاي ﺧﻄﻴﺮ، د ﺷﻮار و ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪ ا ﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎاﻳﻦﺣﺎل ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ و ﻣﺴــﺘﻨﺪات ﻣﻮﺛﻖِ اﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺼــﻮد در دﺳــﺘﺮس ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﻗﺮار دارد. ﻣﻲداﻧﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮآن در ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺘﻌﺪد، ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳـــﻨﺖﻫﺎ و ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر در ﻣﺘﻮن ﻣﻘﺪس ﻳﻬﻮدي-ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻲِ ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺧﻮد ﺳﺨﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ در اﻓﻮاه ﻣﺮدم ﻋﺼـــﺮ ﻧﺰول ﺟﺎري ﺑﻮده اﺳــــﺖ. از اﻳﻦ رﻫﮕﺬر ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻣﺘﻨﻲ در ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻗﺮآن ﺑﻪﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳــﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺛﻖ و ﺑﻪﺗﺒﻊ، ﺑﺎز ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ آﻳﺎت و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن ﻋ ﺼﺮ ﻧﺰول ﺑ ﺴﻴﺎر ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ اﺳـــﺖ. در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـــﺮ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ رﻫﻴﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻣﺘﻨﻲ آﻳﺎت 32-27 ﺳــﻮره ﻣﺎﺋﺪه ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪاﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ داﺳــﺘﺎن ﻫﺎﺑﻴﻞ و 1. اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻗﺮآن و ﺣﺪﻳﺚ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺧﻮارزﻣﻲ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان. [email protected] * ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺮج از ﻃﺮح ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺧﻮارزﻣﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. 204 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ـ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ: « ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻣﺘﻨﻲ و ﻧﻘﺶ آن در ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ آﻳﺎت ﻗﺮآن» / ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﺳــﺖ. ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﻲ ﻗﺮآن و ﻣﺘﻮن ﻣﻘﺪس ﻳﻬﻮدي-ﻣﺴــﻴﺤﻲ، ﻣﺸــﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ، ﻋﻬﺪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ و ﺗﻠﻤﻮد ﻧﺸــﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ داﺳــﺘﺎن ﭘﻴﺶﮔﻔﺘﻪ، در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻮن، ﺑﻪ ﺷـــﻴﻮهاي ﻣﺸـــﺎﺑﻪ رواﻳﺖ ﺷـــﺪه اﺳـــﺖ و ﻛﺎرﺑﺴـــﺖ ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﺗﺎﻳﭙﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ در ﻓﻬﻢ آن ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ اﺳـــﺖ . ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ، ﻗﺮآن ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﻲ ِﺻﺮف داﺳﺘﺎن اﻛﺘﻔﺎ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن ﺧﻮد در ﻋﺼــﺮ ﻧﺰول، اﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻮن را ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ و ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻲ ﻧﻮ ﻣﻲآﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪ. ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﻧﺸــﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ آﻳﺎت 32-27 ﺳ ــﻮره ﻣﺎﺋﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﻴﺎن ﻳﻬﻮدﻳﺎن ﻋﺮﺑﺴـــﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮ(ص) و ﻣﺆﻣﻨﺎن ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﺳﺖ و ﻳﻬﻮد ﻗﺼﺪ ﺧﻴﺎﻧﺖ دوﺑﺎره ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮ(ص) و ﻛﺸﺘﻦ وي را دارﻧﺪ. اﻓﺰون ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻣﺘﻨﻲ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﻣﻨﺪي از ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﮔﺰارشﻫﺎ و رواﻳﺎت ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ دﺳــﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ آﻳﺎت ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻲ در ﺣﺪود ﺳﺎل 7 ﻫﺠﺮت، ﭘﺲ از ﺻﻠﺢ ﺣﺪﻳﺒﻴﻪ و ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺧﻴﺎﻧﺖ ﻳﻬﻮدِ ﺧﻴﺒﺮ، ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﺳﺖ. واژهﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﻗﺮآن، ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻣﺘﻨﻴﺖ، ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ، ﻫﺎﺑﻴﻞ، ﻗﺎﺑﻴﻞ، ﻋﻬﺪﻳﻦ، ﺗﻠﻤﻮد. ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ و ﻃﺮح ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻗﺮآﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﺎ ﺻﺮ ﻣﻴﺎن دو روﻳﻜﺮد ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮآن ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﻧﻬﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺎه، ﻗﺮآن ﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﻜﺘﻮب، ﺑﺴـــﺘﻪ و ﻓﺮازﻣﺎﻧﻲ اﺳـــﺖ و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺎه دوم ﻗﺮآن ﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﺎري و ﺗﺎرﻳﺦﻣﻨﺪاﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ از دو ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮآن ﻧﮕﺎه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد؛ ﻧﮕﺎه ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻓﺎرغ از ﺷـــﺮاﻳﻂ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ و ﺑﺴـــﺘﺮ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ آﻳﺎت ﻣﻲﭘﺮدازد و روﻳﻜﺮد دوم ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦﻣﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ، ﻣﺘﻦ را در ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ زﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻗﺮاﺋﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ روﻳﻜﺮد دوم اﺳــﺖ. در اﻳﻦ روﻳﻜﺮد ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪه و ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﻫﺮدو در ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮي آﻳﺎت ﺳﻬﻴﻢاﻧﺪ و ﻗﺮآن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮﻳﻲ اﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ از رﻫﮕﺬر ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ «ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﻗﺮآن و ﺣﺪﻳﺚ» داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﻟﺰﻫﺮا(ﺳﻼم اﷲ ﻋﮫﺎ)، ﺳﺎل18، ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ49 205 ﺷﻴﻮهاي دﻳﺎﻟﻜﺘﻴﻚ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ آﻣﺪه ا ﺳﺖ. ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ ا ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ رﻫﻴﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ در ﭘﻲ ﻣﺤ ﺼﻮر ﻛﺮدن ﻗﺮآن ﺑﻪ زﻣﺎن و زﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺰوﻟﺶ ﻧﻴﺴــﺖ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﺳــﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دﻗﻴﻖ آﻳﺎت از ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎرهاي داﻧﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺮونﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﮔﺮﻳﺰي ﻧﻴﺴﺖ، درﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻼف روﻳﻜﺮد ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻗﺮاﻳﻦ ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﻣﺘﻦ را ﻫﻤﺮاه آن ﻣﻲداﻧﺪ و ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﻦ را ﺧﻮدﺑﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﻲﺷﻤﺮد.1 رو ﺷﻦ ا ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ رواﻳﺎت ا ﺳﺒﺎب ﻧﺰول و ﺳﻴﺮه ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮ(ص) در ﺑﺎز ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ آﻳﺎت ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه وﻳﮋهاي دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎاﻳﻦﺣﺎل از ﻧﺎاﺳﺘﻮاري ﺷﻤﺎري از اﻳﻦ رواﻳﺎت و ﮔﺰارشﻫﺎ، ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺰاعﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ، ﻓﺮﻗﻪاي و ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﻼم ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﻧﻴﺰ از ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻣﻴﺎن آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮان ﭼﺸﻢ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺴﺎم ﺟﻤﻞ، ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ رواﻳﺎت اﺳﺒﺎب ﻧﺰول ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪﻫﻴﭻوﺟﻪ روﻳﺪادﻫﺎ و ﭘﻴﺸــﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻋﺼــﺮ رﺳــﺎﻟﺖ را ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﻧﻤﻲدﻫﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳــﺎس اﻳﻦ رواﻳﺎت در ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺖ اﺳــﻼم و ﭘﺎﺳــﺦ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳــﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳــﻴﺮه، ﺣﺪﻳﺚ، ﻓﻘﻪ، ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺟﺰ آن ﺷﺎﻳ ﺴﺘﻪ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞاﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ از ﻧﮕﺎه وي رﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از اﻳﻦ رواﻳﺎت را ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮان اﻧﻜﺎر ﻛﺮد (ﺟﻤﻞ، 2005، ﺻﺺ216 و 443). 1- ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺳﺨﻦ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎب ﺑﻪ اوراق و ﺳﻄﻮر ﻣﺘﻌﺪد ﻧﻴﺎز دارد و ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﭼﺎرهاي ﺟﺰ اﺷﺎره ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ دو روﻳﻜﺮد ﻧﺒﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل، ﻧﺎم ﺑﺮدن از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮاي آﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ رﻫﻴﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﭘﻴﺶ رو از آن ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده اﺳﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد: 1- Abu Zayd, Nasr. (2004), “Rethinking the Quran: towards a Humanistic Hermeneutics”. Utrecht: Humanistics University Press. 2- Neuwirth, Angelika. (2010), “Two Faces of the Qur’ān: Qur’ān and Muṣḥaf”. Oral Tradition, 25/1: 141-156. 3- Robinson, Neal. (2005), “Jesus in the Quran, the Historical Jesus, and the Myth of God incarnate”. In Wilderness: Essays in Honour of Frances Young, edited by R S Sugirtharajah, London: Continuum. 4- Reynolds, Gabriel Said. (2009), “The Muslim Jesus: Dead or alive?”, Bulletin of SOAS, 72/2: 237–258. ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺛﺎر ﻓﻮق ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻈﺮي اﻳﻦ دو روﻳﻜﺮد ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ، ﺑﻮﻳﮋه ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﺳﻮم و ﭼﻬﺎرم ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎره اي آﻳﺎت و ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﻗﺮآﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ، ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻔﻴﺪي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ. ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ از ﭼﻬﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻓﻮق، ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. 206 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ـ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ: « ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻣﺘﻨﻲ و ﻧﻘﺶ آن در ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ آﻳﺎت ﻗﺮآن» / ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎزﺳـــﺎزي دﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ آﻳﺎت ﻗﺮآن آنﭼﻨﺎن ﻛﻪ در واﻗﻊ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ، ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮآن را ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻛﻨﺸﻲ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ و ﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻮﻳﺎ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎﻧﺶ در ﺳﺪه ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﻣﻴﻼدي در ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻛﺮد. ﺗﻨﻬﺎ در اﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻗﺮآن ارزش ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺳـــﻨﺪي اﺳـــﺘﻮار ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ذﻫﻨﻴﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن، ﻓﺮاز و ﻧ ﺸﻴﺐﻫﺎ و ﻣ ﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺟﺎري در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺧﺎ ﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﺶ را ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ و از رﻫﮕﺬر ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ در ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ، ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ، اﻋﺘﻘﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد، ﺗﻔﺴـــﻴﺮ درﺳﺖ آن ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد. در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺼﻮد از ﺧﻮاﻧﺸﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮدهاﻳﻢ. ﻛﺎرﺑﺴﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻣﺘﻨﻲ در ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ آﻳﺎت ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ اﺟﺘﻨﺎبﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ روﻳﻜﺮد، ﻗﺮآن ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻣﺘﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ در ﺟــﺎﻳﮕــﺎه ﻣﻨﺒﻊ و ﺳـــﻨــﺪي ﻣﻮﺛﻖ، ﺧﻮد ﻗــﺎﺑﻠﻴــﺖ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴــﺖ و ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺧﺎﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﺶ را دارد. از اﻳﻦ رﻫﮕﺬر ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي دﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻗﺮآن اﻫﻤﻴﺘﻲ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ و از اﻧﺴـــﺠﺎم ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ آﻳﺎت آن ﺑﺎ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻮن ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮان ﭼﺸـــﻢﭘﻮﺷـــﻲ ﻛﺮد ﭼﺮاﻛﻪ ا ﺳﺎ ﺳﺎً ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻣﺘﻦ، اﻧ ﺴﺠﺎﻣﻲ دو ﻻﻳﻪ دارد: اﻧ ﺴﺠﺎم درون ﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ درون ﻣﺘﻦ را ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ و اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ رواﺑﻂ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻣﻴﺎن ﻣﺘﻦ و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻮن را ﻣﻲآﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮي دﻳﮕﺮ آﺛﺎر ادﺑﻲ از ﻧﻈﺎﻣﺎت، رﻣﺰﻫﺎ و ﺳــﻨﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺷــﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ آﺛﺎر ادﺑﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺧﻮد ﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﻬﺎده ﺷــﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ رأي ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮدازان ﻣﻌﺎﺻــﺮ، ﻣﺘﻮن، ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﻞ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﻣﺎ را ﺑﺎ ﺷــﺒﻜﻪاي از رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺘﻨﻲ درﮔﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ. از اﻳﻦ رو ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﻦ، ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻴﺎن ﻣﺘﻮن ا ﺳﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻣﺮي ﺑﺪل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺎن ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﻦ و ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﻧﻲ دﻳﮕﺮي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ارﺟﺎع ﻳﺎ ارﺗﺒﺎط دارد، ﺷـــﻜﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد( ,Plett, 1991 p.5؛ Allen, 2000, p.1؛ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻚ: اداﻣﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ).
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