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Home , Cheops, Cosmic Vision, Euclid (spacecraft), Gaia (spacecraft), HIPPARCOS, Huygens (spacecraft)

The ESA Programme

Günther Hasinger D/SCI

ESSC Plenary Meeting, , 23. May 2018

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Four generations of ESA Science Directors

On the occasion Günther Alvaro of Roger Bonnet’s Hasinger Giménez 80th Birthday 2018- 2011-2018 David Symposium Southwood ESTEC, 8.2.2018. 2001-2011 Roger Bonnet Celebrating the 1983-2001 success of Horizon 2000.

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 2 ESA Missions Ice Giants?

-3 Solar Coronograph

Solar

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 3 Small Bodies? ESA Missions

&

xarm Formation of the elements

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 4 ESA Space Science Missions

PLATO JUICE SMILE XARM PROBA-3 JWST CHEOPS BepiColombo ExoMars 2016 Microscope LISA Pathfinder IRIS PROBA-2 Herschel Express Express INTEGRAL XMM-Newton Cassini- Implementation SOHO ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC MeetingOperational | 23.05.2018 | Slide 5 Hubble Post-operations

Last update: March 2018 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022 2026 2030 2034 TGO Korolev Crater

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 6

ESA//CaSSIS, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO Gaia Data Release 2 25.4.2018, ILA Berlin

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 7 Gaia DR2 ~13000 Gaia DR2 users peak

Apr 22 Apr 29 May 6 Redefining the foundations of ! 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 First community paper (3.5hrs) Gaia Release Papers 0

ESA UNCLASSIFIED4/25/18 - For Official Use 4/30/18 5/5/18 5/10/18 5/15/18ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 8 Gaia DR2 Rotation of M31 and M33 from

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use van der MarelESSC Meetinget al., | 23.05.2018 10.5.2018 | Slide 9 Gruber Prize for the ESA Planck Team

The ESA Planck Team as a whole, and its principal science team leaders, Nazzareno Mandolesi and Jean-Loup Puget, have been awarded the prestigious 2018 Gruber Cosmology Prize on May 9, 2018!

Congratulations for this wonderful achievement!

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 10 BepiColombo at

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 11 running gyroless

As of May 15, Mars Express is running routine science operations with its gyros

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use turned off. A first in Europe! ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 12 Scientific Highlights

The scientific discoveries are just raining down on us and we live in a wonderful age for astrophysics and space science

Here I show some examples of recent breakthrough discoveries and new quests.

The ESA Programme is already in an excellent position to embark on some of the major new scientific challenges, and will be developed to address more.

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 13 1I ‘Oumuamua ESO animation

About 25,000 such objects at any time in our Karen Meech system. Next discoveries U Hawaii possible in the near future.

Huge press coverage! Most visible scientific result of 2017 (competing with Kilonova)

Excellent “dual use” of NASA NEO and ESA ops activities!

Wonderful cooperation among observatories.

Watch this space! Exciting new results from HST expected soon!

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 14 ‘Oumuamua Trajectory The objects gets much fainter as it travels back to outer space. Hubble observations and precision are necessary to pin down its trajectory.

Recent Hubble data have revealed possibly a tumbling disk instead of a cigar shape.

Belton et al., 2018, ApJ 856, 21 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 15 Exoplanets: The Trappist-1 System

Seven temperate -like around a -size red dwarf at a distance of 40 years

M. Gillon et al., Nature 2017 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 16 HST transmission of four TRAPPIST-1 planets

de Wit et al. 2018, Nature Planets e, f, & g in the habitable zone in the TRAPPIST-1 system No prominent near-IR spectral features, ruling out cloud-free H2-dominated for d, e & f High-altitude cloud & haze not expected in H2-rich atmospheres under these illumination conditions Conclusion: consistent with terrestrial & potentially habitable nature ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 17 From the surface of one of the Trappist-1 planets

But beware of the influence of stellar activity and the strong stellar on habitability! The surface may consist of liquid lava!

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 18 Proxima B: Will future be able to image it?

To find “Earth-2” is the Holy Grail of contemporary astrophysics.

Students are voting with their feet.

The vision to some time in the future fly to a nearby Proxima B habitable catches the imagination. ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 19 2019 2026

CHEOPS / ESA, CH, et al. PLATO / ESA Bright future for ESA studies!

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 20 2020 2028 ARIEL / ESA JWST / NASA, ESA, CSA Exoplanet and Solar System Synergies

Uranus/Neptune-size planets and super- are the abundant classes of exoplanets.

The only ground-truth we have on these types of objects thus far is from flybys of Uranus (1986) and Neptune (1989). An exploration mission to our ice giants will play a critical role understanding our own and those beyond ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 21 Scientific Themes for a Mission to the Ice Giants

INTERIORS ATMOSPHERES

MOONS RINGS ORIGINS From L2 and L3 Science Themes Meeting, Paris September 2013

C. Arridge 2013

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 22 M*:Uranus & Neptune Trajectories with Jupiter Flyby

Uranus Neptune

NASA Ice Giant pre-decadal study final report (2017)

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 23 Next Steps

 NASA-ESA joint study to extend the NASA Ice Giants study keeping in mind potential future collaboration

 Joint study to define the potential options • Refine trajectories to reach all target bodies • Identify needs

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 24 Bringing Sound to the Movies! First GW/GRB!

LISA/ Synergy!

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 25 Text books have to be re-written! Neutron-star merger produces the heavy elements:

We are not only , but also neutron-star dust …

… and about 10% from the ! ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 26 LIGO Masses of Black Holes LISA/Athena Synergy

LISA • Are primordial Black Holes part of the Dark ? • How are Black Holes formed? • How are the heavy elements formed? Ligo Athena & LISA need to fly close together ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official AthenaUse ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 27 Athena and LISA synergy

• The hot and violent : Strong produces high radiation and gravitational waves.

• “Bringing sound to the movies”: crucial orthogonal information on physical processes, e.g. and mergers.

• Black holes may contribute to the mysterious , solving two riddles simultaneously.

The Athena and LISA team are working jointly on a study about these synergies.

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 28 Vision for Science and CM19

Ambition: strengthen Science both through dedicated missions spanning a range of sizes, as well as through synergies with other activities. A ~20% increase of the Science Program LoR will enable:  Maximum synergy between LISA and Athena (their flying together will create a unique science );  A new M-Mission to our ice-giants, Uranus and Neptune, utilizing a unique celestial constellation 2028-2032 in the frame of a cooperation with NASA;  A line of F-missions in sync with M-missions (to exploit the joint launch), creating a series of new opportunities with special emphasis on novel implementations;  Payload system responsibility/provision  alleviate/facilitate/support Member State provision (also relative to LISA/Athena synergy); Science & Technology Preparation for the next set of L & M Missions (CV 2050)

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 29 Papers discussed at SPC/HoD workshop May 16/17

1. Provision of scientific instrumentation for Science Programme missions  Broad consensus on the need for an early (limited) engagement of ESA in the payload system engineering and procurement support, but details need to be better defined.  Way forward: bilateral discussions with individual member states and formation of a working group of specialists from ESA and MS.

2. Towards a Call for an “F” mission  Agreement on the attractiveness of a special opportunity (F1) mission with innovative implementation scenario, but wish to broaden the range of scientific topics.  Inclusion of a line of F missions into the program requires an increase of the science budget.  Further Discussion at June SSAC and SPC meetings.

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 30 ‘17 ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 ‘23 ‘24 ‘25 ‘26 ‘27 ‘28 ‘29 ‘30 ‘31 ‘32 ‘33 ‘34 ‘35 ‘36 ‘37 ‘38 ‘39 ‘40 ‘41 ‘42 ‘43 ‘44 ‘45 ‘46 ‘47 ‘48 ‘49 2020 2030 2040 2050 Decadal Decadal Decadal Decadal Survey Survey Survey Survey

NASA Strategic

WFIRST ? JWST

HST ? LISA ESA Large ATHENA

JUICE at Jupiter

BepiColombo at

M5

ARIEL Plato ESA Medium/F/S Euclid ExoMars Solar Orbiter CHEOPS GMT Groundbased TMT ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use E_ELT ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 31 ‘17 ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 ‘23 ‘24 ‘25 ‘26 ‘27 ‘28 ‘29 ‘30 ‘31 ‘32 ‘33 ‘34 ‘35 ‘36 ‘37 ‘38 ‘39 ‘40 ‘41 ‘42 ‘43 ‘44 ‘45 ‘46 ‘47 ‘48 ‘49 2020 2030 2040 2050 Decadal Decadal Decadal Decadal Survey Survey Survey Survey Next Generation Observatory Next Generation Observatory NASA Strategic Ice Giant Mission WFIRST ? Next. Generation L5 JWST Next. Generation L Mission L4

HST ? LISA ESA Large ATHENA

JUICE at Jupiter M9

BepiColombo at Mercury M8 & F3 M7 M5. & F2 M* Ice Giant Mission Uranus? Neptune? ARIEL & F1 Plato ESA Medium/F/S Euclid ExoMars Solar Orbiter CHEOPS GMT Groundbased TMT ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use E_ELT ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 32 CMIN 2019 proposalCOSMIC VISION Long Term Plan: new activities in green Payload Support - Athena/LISA advance and payload support - M* to icy giants in 2030 - F2 in 2032 700

600 Athena/LISA advance and COSMIC VISION payload support M5 2032 2050 F2 2032 500 Athena 2031

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M LISA 2034 SO 20 PLATO 26 300 ARIEL 2028 Euclid 22 F1 2028 BC 18 200 JWST 20 Programme Contingency 7% Missions in Orbit 100

Small Missions & MoO Payload Support Technology development, Preparation for the future, and Science support ESA UNCLASSIFIED0 - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 33 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 Science Programme Level of Resources evolution (2018 ec) 800.0

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Safety and Security Enabling and Support Transportation, Operation, Technology Applications Earth Observation, Navigation, Telecommunication Science and Exploration

3rd Party

EC, Eumetsat… 3rd Party Member States Member Party 3rd

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use M€, 2018 e.c. ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 37 Thank you very much!

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 38