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Contribution De Différents Éléments Forestiers Et Non-Forestiers De La Trame De Très Vieux Bois À La Diversité Des Coléoptères Saproxyliques

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Contribution De Différents Éléments Forestiers Et Non-Forestiers De La Trame De Très Vieux Bois À La Diversité Des Coléoptères Saproxyliques Contribution de diff´erents ´el´ements forestiers et non-forestiers de la trame de tr`esvieux bois `ala diversit´edes col´eopt`eressaproxyliques Guilhem Parmain To cite this version: Guilhem Parmain. Contribution de diff´erents ´el´ements forestiers et non-forestiers de la trame de tr`esvieux bois `ala diversit´edes col´eopt`eressaproxyliques. Ecosyst`emes.Universit´ed'Orl´eans, 2015. Fran¸cais. <NNT : 2015ORLE2017>. <tel-01303757> HAL Id: tel-01303757 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01303757 Submitted on 18 Apr 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. UNIVERSITÉ D’ORLÉANS ÉCOLE DOCTORALE SANTE, SCIENCES BIOLOGIQUES ET CHIMIE DU VIVANT Equipe biodiversité, IRSTEA Nogent-sur-Vernisson THÈSE présentée par : Guilhem PARMAIN soutenue le : 22 Janvier 2015 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de l’université d’Orléans Discipline/ Spécialité : Biologie Forestière Contribution de différents éléments forestiers et non-forestiers de la Trame de Très Vieux Bois à la diversité des coléoptères saproxyliques THÈSE co-dirigée par : Frédéric GOSSELIN : Ingénieur-Chercheur IRSTEA EFNO (Nogent/Vernisson) Christophe BOUGET : Ingénieur-Chercheur IRSTEA EFNO (Nogent/Vernisson) RAPPORTEURS : Hervé BRUSTEL : Enseignant-chercheur Ecole d'Ingénieurs de PURPAN (Toulouse) Julien PETILLON : Maitre de conférences Université de Rennes (Rennes) ____________________________________________________________________ JURY (y reporter tous les membres de jury présents à la soutenance): Hervé BRUSTEL : Enseignant-chercheur Ecole d'Ingénieurs de PURPAN (Toulouse) Julien PETILLON : Maitre de conférences Université de Rennes (Rennes) Christophe BOUGET : Ingénieur-Chercheur IRSTEA EFNO (Nogent/Vernisson) Guillaume DECOCQ : Professeur de l’Université de Picardie Jules Verne (Amiens) Marc DECONCHAT : Directeur de recherches DYNAFOR (Castanet Tolosan) François LIEUTIER : Professeur de l’Université Orléans (Orléans) Remerciements Ce tavail de ehehe, ette avetue sietifiue et pesoelle a pu te possile ue gâe à laide et au soutie de oeuses pesoes et stutues. Merci et il est gad das le œu, e sil est out das le popos : au fiaeus, lONF, le Miiste de lologie, le Musu dHistoie Natuelle de Pais et I‘STEA, à Albert Maillet et Michel Hermeline ui ot ativeet œuv pou la ise e plae du o- financement ONF, à Sabine Moreau, Julien Tourroult, Vincent Boulager pour avoir été les représentants des structures pateaies, et avoi podigu oseils et ides depietatio, daalses, à Christophe Bouget, pour avoir proposé et encadré ce projet de recherche, à Thierry Noblecourt, et Patrice Hirbec pour avoir géré les conflits que ce travail a pu générer, ainsi ue des poupatios adiistatives ui ot vit ie des taas, aux membres du jury qui ont accepté de juger mon travail produit sur ces trois années, aux membres de mon comité de thèse qui par leurs conseils ont permis de faire évoluer des réflexions embryonnaires en expérimentations concrètes, à Fdi Gosseli, pou es pieu oseils daalses statistiues, au pesoel ONF ipliu, pou avoi fait douvi leus fots, les petites zoes cachées que seul le passio oait, et ui sot galeet deveues u peu es fots, au seau atioal dEtoologie Foestie de lONF et au Laoatoie Natioal dEtoologie de lONF pou leu aide à lidetifiatio de failles patiulieet ardues au sein des Coléoptères. Je oulieai pas de eeie ii les diffets spialistes ui ot voleet patiip à lidetifiatio de failles ophelies : Gianfranco Liberti (Dasytidae), Benjamin Calmont (Ptininae), Yves Thieren et Christian Perez (Pselaphidae ; Scydmaenidae), Yves Gomy (Histeridae). au diffets popitaies pivs das lAllie ui ot eu laailit de e laisse ade à leus terres et étudier la faune singulière des arbres isolés, à Carl, pour le coup de main sur le terrain mais aussi à la conduite, au pesoel peaet ou tepoaie ONF de Quilla et de lI‘STEA de Noget su Veisso pou leu aueil et leu oe hueu, les ovesatios ostutives autou du th, et les moments de détente au badminton, au ais et à la faille, ui pa leus eouageets, leu soutie et leu oe hueu ot aid à ee e tavail à o pot. Jai t u peu ois dispoile es deies teps, ais je e vous oulie pas… Sommaire Sommaire Sommaire .................................................................................................................................... 1 Table des tableaux (Hors articles) ................................................................................................. 6 Table des figures (Hors articles) .................................................................................................... 7 Table des cartes (Hors articles) ..................................................................................................... 7 Introduction générale ................................................................................................................. 11 I) Les fots, soues ipotates de iodivesit foteet ipates pa l’ativit huaie.. 11 I.1) Les forêts en Europe ................................................................................................................ 11 I.2) Caractéristiques structurelles des « Old-Growth Forests » .................................................... 11 II) Enjeux de conservation associés aux organismes saproxyliques............................................... 12 II. Piipales auses de l’osio de la iodivesit foestie ................................................. 12 II.. Dispaitio d’haitat ....................................................................................................... 12 II..2 Fagetatio d’haitat et dutio de oetivit ................................................... 13 II..2.‘pose des populatios à la fagetatio de l’haitat ........................................... 13 II..2.2 Effets de dodeet d’idividus (Spillover) ........................................................ 14 II.2 Effets de l’eploitatio su la stutue des fots ................................................................. 14 II.2. Daiue atuelle des fots … .................................................................................. 14 II.2.1.1) Sylvigenèse ............................................................................................................... 14 II.2... Le piipe d’o-unité ...................................................................................... 14 II.2.1.1.2) La sylvigenèse douce ......................................................................................... 15 II.2.1.1.3) La sylvigenèse avec évènements catastrophiques ............................................ 15 II.2.2) Dynamique en zones exploitées...................................................................................... 17 II.2.2.1) Le cas particulier des compartiments « bois mort » … ............................................ 18 II.2.2.2 …et « dendromicrohabitats » ................................................................................... 19 III) Biodiversité associée au bois mort et aux dendromicrohabitats ............................................... 20 III. Ipat de l’eploitatio foestie su la iodivesit assoie au ois ot ...................... 20 III.1.1) Les organismes saproxyliques ........................................................................................ 20 III..2 Augetatio de la poailit d’etitio ................................................................. 23 III.1.3) Diminution de la viabilité des populations à différentes échelles ................................. 23 III... Le ôle de la desit d’haitat das le pasage ...................................................... 24 III.1.3.2) Une réponse décalée dans le temps ....................................................................... 24 III.. ‘dutio du oe d’espes das les ouauts .............................................. 25 1 Sommaire III... Pool total d’espes ................................................................................................ 25 III.1.4.2) Espèces rares ou sur listes rouges ........................................................................... 25 IV) Quels outils pour la conservation des espèces saproxyliques ? ................................................. 26 IV. Les seau d’haitat : Exemple de la Trame Verte et Bleue ............................................... 26 IV.1.1) La sous-trame des très vieux bois (TTVB) ...................................................................... 26 IV.1.2) Différents éléments constituant la TTVB ....................................................................... 26 IV.1.2.1) Les éléments forestiers en forêt publique .............................................................. 26 IV.1.2.2) Les éléments forestiers en forêt privée .................................................................. 28 IV.1.2.3) Les éléments non forestiers .................................................................................... 28 V) Does d’tude ........................................................................................................................ 29 V.1) Données propres ...................................................................................................................
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