A Centennial Tribute to 100 Years of NAWL Page17

notional ossocionon of women lawyers

Vol. 85, No. 2 SUMMER, 1999

BEHIND THE AFGHANI TALIBAN'S

of

A special report on international women's rights Page 6 an· gto If you've been �� :AWL n to ask a frie d 10m a seem to find t c never . bu �� pli c ation m m rship ap me n your es of paper i the pil pletely . here's a oc m c rn. pla ec to tu ott1:ttered -.:v-,,;:,;;,;;;;;::::c:·;:·t'······•·•·•· tn+····,.J:..:;:·;�/;··>···········.· f{p;/�-:;:::::.:/:/:·::t

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2 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 SECRETS OF MY SUCCESS Having whole lite helps practice Laura Farber made partner at 30. In support given to all lawyers for the the Fall 1997 issue of The Associate, a various activities they participate in, National Jurist publication, she was one including the Bar." of four young attorneys profiled for "On the Fast Track." We asked her to share What do you observe new female her practical tips forsuccess. attorneys doing that you think may be an impediment to success? Did you specifically seek to practice in "Many I have met feel they have to a small-to-medium size firm? work harder than their male counterparts "I firststarted at a small Los to succeed. They tend to work longer Angeles branch office of a New York hours, take every project that is offered, firm (approximately 40 attorneys). I had work weekends, etc., because they the best of both worlds-a large firm believe they need to do more to prove with experience, resources, etc., with a themselves. I'm not suggesting it is bad smaller officefeel and plenty of to work hard,but it is more important to opportunity to get my feet wet. I was be a well-rounded lawyer who can see arguing my own motions, taking the big picture and who will, in the long depositions and handling my own run, be more effective in representing arbitrations during the first year of clients. This includes taking time to be practice. This experience was terrific, involved in community activities, but the hours were excessive and networking, spending time with family, partnership was unrealistic-a 9- to 10- and doing all the other things that offer year track with no guarantee that a important life experiences and add to partnership offer would be extended, your ability to persuade others, which is especially to those lawyers in Los what lawyers do." Angeles who had not worked closely with the main office in New York. Do you think having a family early "I was fortunate to have a mentor, could impede making partner? Diann Kim, from another large firm with "I believe that it is very possible to whom I connected through a mentor make partner and have a family at the program sponsored by WLALA. I same time, [but] the combination mentioned to her that I was interested in depends upon the firm where you work. becoming more involved with the Bar, Certain firms have demands that would community activities, etc., and that I render it extremely difficult. For wanted to spend more time with my example, if a firm expects associates to husband and start a family. I did not work long hours every day, including think I could pursue these interests as an weekends, unless you have an extremely associate at the large firm. supportive spouse or care giver, it would "Fortunately for me, one of Diann's be virtually impossible. Also, you will former partners was the hiring partner at not be able to spend the time you may a 23-lawyer firmin Pasadena located want with your children in that two blocks from my home and looking environment. However, I am aware of [for] a lateral with about two years of lawyers who are still working at big experience. I met with R. Scott Jenkins, firms but make it happen by having a then the hiring partner of Hahn & Hahn, computer at home they use in the and the rest is history. evenings after the children are asleep, "I realized that making partner carrying a cell phone so they can at this firm seemed more realistic than at conduct business in the car and the large firmbecause the track was elsewhere, returning to the office later in shorter and many associates had made the evening. I believe people need to be partner over the years." creative. "While I was on maternity leave, I Did you research the firm's corporate couldn't stay out of the office because of culture before you accepted a my passion for my work and concern for position? my clients. I had an arbitration during "I did, and found that Hahn & Hahn was quite unique. the third month of my maternity leave which is still ongoing. I They were interested in well-rounded lawyers who were used technology, communicating via modem on my home involved in the community. Also, every lawyer had a family computer to check my e-mail, perform on-line research, and was able to spend time with them. Of course, Hahn & prepare briefs, correspondence. My home faxmachine was Hahn lawyers work hard, especially during trial time, but they also very useful. put a value on contribution to the community and the "Having a family makes a person well-rounded.They profession. This is not just lip service, but is reflected in the have more lifeexperience to offer and excellent organization­ billable hour requirement as well as the encouragement and al skills if they are able to balance familyand work."

WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL / SUMMER 1999 3 . , , . 81i8'8188i'•······ . ..., ······ · · , ...... / ,•,•,/:8?•c• · · · · '' ? .•.•, • . ·• •· ...... ,,.. . •·•··· ············· ... , ·•181·· · · ·· In this issue of •8 · · 181 81• 8·8 ·· · '"' •?· · •? •? 8i ••••••• ······ Women Lawyers Journal •••••• ,8i •18 .. , . .· ·,· ·'"' / ·..· Published by the National Association of Women Lawyers/ Vol. 85, No. 2, Summer 1999 81• ••8 ,: ,· .. · .. , 8·8··· •••••• · · , ·· ..... President's Message TechPractices ,, .... , · · .. . · ...... , . The time to end the violence is Gaining comfortwith computer .. , , ·...... · ····· ·· ·· ··... now. Page 5 is first step to success. Page 15 · · . ,. / · •i8 ·••· , ., .... ·· ... ····· · ., . · ··· iC:8 Behind Veils of Terror Centennial Tribute ,. ·· · ..... 818 • • ,. · • ,.,·· ·. · . · · How the Afghani Taliban have A special section looks at 100 .. , ,., , . ·· . , .. . turned women's lives into living years of women in the law, as •·8 , ...... , /8 •••••• ., nightmares. Page 6 NAWL members helped shape ,.,., 18//8/•/ / •8 8i8 8i •·8 .. , "' it. Page 17 · ··· ... ·•'•'•· ·· , Books '"' C:88·• ·· •·8 8• •······· A guide to top firms, lessons NAWL Report , .. , ..... / from history and a child-size Twojudges will receive honors . ,. . , ? 8·• /} '' "·' 8181 i8 intro to government. Page 10 at the annual meeting in 818 / 8i Atlanta. Page 35 ... , Balancing Act .. , ... , • 18:8 •? :8 •? •? '' .... , · ··· · , How to make room by letting Outstanding Law Students '"" i8 :8 ,.,., 8i :8 •/•· '"' 18 / / · ······· . go. Page 13 NAWLrecognizes some of this · · ···· year's top graduates. Page 38 ,·. ·.··. · .,. . ., · , i8 First Impressions ... .··.·.·..··.· ·,·· .··.· · . · ,,· · Being a different student may Networking Directory · · · · ,· .. .. ,.. . , · · / / • 1881• ,. ., , .. be the best way to experience The guide to locating NAWL . '" ... · ., . , . . ·· law school. members by practice. •.... ? · Page 14 Page 40 · ······ .,, · ·· ·· · ,,, / // •/• ""·· ·iC:8· 181 ····· About NAWL C:8•,,• ···· · · · / · ··· .. , ·· · · Founded in 1899, NAWL is a professional association of attorneys, judges, law · · · ? ,., i8i i8 ,.,., students and nonlawyers serving the educational, legal and practical interests of :8:8 ·····•/ •/8 /•. · · 8: .. ·. , .. · · · ·.·.··· ·,·· .,. · . · · · the organized bar and women worldwide. Women Lawyers Journa@, National •••••• / · · 81 ···· · · / •? Association of Women Lawyers®, NAWL®, and the NAWL seal are registered · ··· ·· ··· ,. trademarks. ©1999 National Association of Women Lawyers. All rights reserved. , .. · . ·· ·

i8 How to contact NAWL ··· ·· ,...... ·, ,. .. By mail: 750 N. Lake Shore Drive 12.4, Chicago, Ill. 60611-4497; by telephone: ······ ' :::::::::,:,:.;.;,:.;.;,:.:·:.:-:-:·>:-;.: ·· · ·· · · ··· ·· (312) 988-6186; by fax: (312) 988-6281; by e-mail: [email protected]. · ·· · · ·· · · ·· ·· ·· · · · · ········· ·· 181 ·· ·· · ·· ., ·· About Women Lawyers Journal ••••• :cci•/8/ ••••• ,• •••••••• , •/ .... , ·· ·· .. , // ..... , / EDITORIAL POLICY Women Lawyers Journalis published for NAWL members 81 81• ••••••• i8 as a forum for the exchange of ideas and information. Views expressed in 8/•?· ·········· 181 /8 /• (8 •18 •·8 8ci 8i ·· · articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect NAWL policies or ,8i: •··8 ,.,.·· ·. · · ·· · ·· , · · ··· official positions. Publication of an opinion is not an endorsement by NAWL. ···· · ·· ••••••••••••••• ············· ARTICLES Book reviews or articles about current legal issues of general / 81• ··••·•· ······· •? 8·• ····· •,.,., ,8i /• 81 interest to women lawyers are accepted and may be edited based on the ·· ··· · · ·· ··· · · ··· · ·· judgment of the editor. Editorial decisions are based upon potential interest to · · readers, timeliness, goals and objectives of the association and quality of writing. ······ ······· Unsolicited articles by nonmembers will not be published. No material can be ······ returned unless accompanied by a self-addressed, stamped envelope. //• •·8'• /•, ••••• •'•' TO ADVERTISE Contact NAWL headquarters for rate information. TO SUBSCRIBE Annual dues include a subscription to Women Lawyers Women Lawyers Journal (ISSN 0043-7468) is published quarterlyby the National Association of Journal. Additional subscriptions or subscriptions by nonmembers are available Women Lawyers (NAWL), 750 N. Lake Shore for $16 in the U.S. and $20 international. Back issues are available for $5 each. Drive, 12.4, Chicago, Ill. 60611-4497.

4 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE In violent times, work tor change Unfortunately, our programming for And we have computer games our centennial meeting is far more timely which seem to teach children how than any of us could have imagined. Long to fine tune their shooting before the tragedy in Littleton, Colo., we abilities, without a thought to scheduled a meeting forAug. 7 on the what would actually happen if subject of juvenile violence. Obviously, they shot at someone. juvenile violence has been a problem for So what is the answer? I don't many years. In Chicago, the nation's first pretend to have it, although I do juvenile court has just marked its 100th have some suggestions. anniversary. The juvenile justice issues, We should applaud legislators however, seem to become more prevalent as who are working toward stronger the years go by. gun controls, and we should write Youths are being arrested at younger to those who don't support those ages, charged with horrific crimes. States measures. Sure, guns don't kill, are trying to set the proper age at which to but few people would have been charge minors as adults in violent crimes. injured in Littleton if guns hadn't Court dockets are becoming more clogged. been accessible to those students. There are many reasons for this, many We should work to help at­ ills in our society for which, unfortunately, risk youths. We can support there are no quick fixes. However, there By Susan legislation to help fund education. are some issues in society we should all We can help to develop after-school think about. As we all sat transfixed by Fox Gillis programs. We can spend more live coverage of the attack in Littleton and time with our own children and in its aftermath, a number of thoughts grandchildren, to show them that occurred to me. they are loved and worthy of THE MEDIAcovered this tragedy as it was happening, so we saw a respect. wounded student falling out of a window and knew what rooms students We can work in programs that were holed up in. We knew that people were dying and we watched, just mentor, such as the one set up in as we watched the human tragedy unfold in Oklahoma City four years Chicago by Judge Ann Williams, ago, just as we watched the replay of a walk up the sidewalk at Nicole called Just The Beginning Brown Simpson's townhouse, with blood spilled on the sidewalk. All of Foundation, designed to mentor that violence came spilling into our living rooms, anesthetizing us from African-American young women. the reality ofit. We can donate money to such By watching so much ofthis violent reality we begin to see it as organizations, ifwe can't give our common place. Can we ever turn on the evening news without seeing own time. violent crime? Our children are seeing it, too, and when they see it at a WE, AS LAWYERS, can do young enough age, they have a hard time figuring out right from wrong. pro bono work representing I recently saw a study of preschool-age children who had been given children who are battered. a training class on what to do, or not do, ifthey encountered a gun. They We can write to television were then sent into a room where guns were mixed with toys. Even networks and recording companies though they had been trained never to touch a gun, they picked up the and tell them we aren't going to guns, aimed at other children and feigned killing the others. They knew watch their violent programs and how to use these guns. It was a chilling study. we can ban these programs for My firstrecollection ofthe reality ofwar coverage was during the children in our families. We can Vietnam era, when newscasts nightly depicted soldiers dying on the encourage mediation type screen in the living room ofmy little apartment. Since then we've seen activities with children we know. numerous military conflicts, wars and battles depicted all too graphically In short, we can make a in our homes. I suppose the argument is that this is the news of the difference. For the past 100 years world. Unfortunately, with 24-hour-a-day coverage on cable, we may the women ofNA WL have made a have to censor the news in our homes if children are present. difference on many issues and The news in the papers, of course, is not much better. It just isn't so women have been standing up for graphic. We do get sordid details, more so than necessary, in many what they believe in for even cases. longer. This is no time to stop. THAT IS THE CRUEL reality that reaches into our homes. What Make your voices heard in about the fiction? Police shows, movies, and even some medical shows Congress, in your state govern­ deal with violent crime as though it is just another part of what is to be ment, in the media and with expected. Rock groups become more and more violent, and let's face it, manufacturers of guns, violent just downright disgusting at times. toys, games and films. Don't let Professional wrestling is becoming more and more popular. I have the forces around us forget what a always disliked football because I felt it was too violent, but wrestling peaceful, loving world is like, a makes football look like a sissy sport these days. Sports, in general, are world where we aren't afraid to just not that pleasant to watch, unless you find it enjoyable to watch send our children to schools that Dennis Rodman kick at a photographer's crotch. don't have armed guards.

WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 5 Photo by Zohra Rasekh, Physicians for Human Rights Women and children refugees live in an abandoned girl's high school in Kabul. By Eva Herzer BEHIND Since 1994, the lives of women in Afghanistan have de­ teriorated into a nightmare of the worst dimensions. Prior to the Taliban's com­ ing to power, Afghan women participated in their communi­ ties' social, political and cultur­ al life. Fifty percent of the stu­ dents and 60 percent of the teachers at Kabul University were women. Similarly,women of constituted 70 percent of all school teachers. Forty percent of the doctors in Kabul were women as were 50 percent of the civil government workers. Today, with very fewexcep­ tions women are prohibited from working outside the home, are refused access to education and denied freedom of move­ ment. They have been stripped of their internationally recog­ nized human rights and are

6 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 without access to legal recourse. under the fabricof women's wide-legged Women's rights activists in exile in When the pants to check if any part of the skin is Pakistan continue to be assassinated and exposed. live with fearand threats to their very ex­ Women who do not adhere to the istence. International action is urgently Taliban seized restrictions imposed on them are ques­ needed to restore Afghan women's fun­ tioned, beaten and abused by the Taliban damental human rights. police. A recent fact-finding study by Afghanistan in the past two decades power 1n PHR reported that 68 percent of the has suffered froma massive Soviet inva­ women interviewed in Kabul had been sion in 1971, and, followingthe collapse subjected to detention and physical abuse of the Soviet Union, starting in 1992, a Afghanistan, within the year. Even the PHR's repre­ devastating civil war. sentative who conducted the interviews Arising from the still smoldering and had worn a scarf and garments cov­ ashes of these brutalities is the Taliban, a they unleashed ering her body only narrowly escaped a group of primarily young and uneducat­ Taliban militant who threatened her with ed men, who were trained as soldiers in a knife because she had pushed up her refugee camps in Pakistan during the a reign of sleeve by a fewinches, inadvertently ex­ war. Led by Mulla, Mohammed Omar, posing her skin. who carries the title "Commander of the The Associated Press reported that Faithful," the group took control of orthodoxy one woman was stoned to death while Kabul, the capital in 1996, and today ef­ traveling with a man who was not her rel­ fectivelyrules most of the country based ative. Due to the last two decades of war, on a particular and extremely fundamen­ proving to be a great number of women have Jost their talist interpretation of Islam. husbands, fathers and sons and are thus As reported by the U.S. State De­ living without male relatives. According partment, in its February 1999 Human women's worst to the State Department, there are 30,000 Rights Report on Afghanistan, prayer is widows in Kabul alone. Since women mandatory for all and enforced by the without male relatives are not allowed to Ministry forthe Promotion of Virtue and nightmare. move in public and are not allowed to the Suppression of Vice, which regularly earna living, these women and their chil­ checks passersby as to their knowledge dren live in abject poverty and are unable of particular prayers and observance of to move in public even in emergency cir­ officialdaily prayer times. The limitations on women's rights cumstances. It also enforces the religious dress and choices are draconic and unparal­ Girl children suffer fromthese poli­ code and metes out punishment, includ­ leled anywhere in today's world. cies as well. At a state orphanage in ing beatings to violators. While the Women may not work in public and Kabul, for example, girls have not been country's agricultural economy is in are restricted to housework inside the allowed outside since September of shambles, and 5 million to 7 million land home. Women who violate this rule are 1996. According to the U.S. State De­ mines restrict access to the land, fighting subject to the harshest of punishments. partment's report, girls and women are continues between the Taliban, which re­ For example, Physicians for Human also subjected to rape, kidnapping and named the country "Islamic Emirate of Rights (PHR), recently reported the exe­ forcedmarriage. Afghanistan" in 1997, and the Northern cution of a woman who had refused to Alliance, headed by nominal president abide by a Taliban order to close her Denial of health care Rabbani. home school for girls and women. Tal­ The PHR study discovered the dev­ The Taliban is eager to receive in­ iban militia burst into her home and shot astating health consequences of the Tal­ ternationalrecognition of its rule and has her in the head and stomach in front of iban's restrictions on women. The prohi­ been officially recognized as the legiti­ her 40 students, her husband and her 18- bition against leaving the home without a mate government by Pakistan and Saudi month-old daughter. closely related male prevents many Arabia. According to the U.S. State De­ Most women and girls have no ac­ women from access to hospitals and doc­ partment, the overall human rights situa­ cess to schools. While a few primary tors. As a result children and women are tion remains very poor; political and ex­ schools still appear to be functioning in denied emergency care and those women trajudicial killings take place and there is rural areas, all schools for girls and who have no close male relatives are de­ no functioning national justice system. women have been closed in Kabul. nied health care altogether. Efforts by the U.S. and the U.N. to bro­ Women are not to be heard and must The Taliban's segregation of hospi­ ker a lasting peace agreement have been wear shoes which make no noise. Nor are tals in early 1997 left women in Kabul unsuccessful. they to be seen, and thus must be com­ only the choice of one 35-bed facility pletely covered in cloth. Windows have with no clean water, electrical or surgical Violations of rights to be painted over if women live behind equipment, X-ray machines, or oxygen. The common denominator of the them. Women may appear in public only In the only available maternityward, two Taliban's policies toward women ap­ if accompanied by a close male relative women have been reported to have to pears to be the goal to eliminate women and if covered in a burqa, a garment share one bed. Intervention by the Inter­ fromvirtually all spheres of men's lives, which covers them from head to toe and national Red Cross except sex, reproduction and housekeep­ contains a small heavily meshed screen allowed some fe­ ing. The policies do not appear to take at eye level. male health work­ women's needs, desires or international­ Recently the religious police have ers to return to ly recognized human rights into consid­ added little boys and old men to their work. This is cru­ eration. force who lie on the ground and peer cial, since male

WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 7 doctors are not allowed to see or touch Virtually all women interviewed by PHR beliefs. Further, the international re­ their female clients' bodies. felt strongly that they should be entitled sponse has been slow and insufficient. The limitations on medical diagno­ to equal access to education, employ­ sis of such rules is obvious. The violation ment, and that they should have freedom International intervention of this rule has resulted in brutal beat­ of movement, speech and association. Non-governmental organizations ings. One dentist interviewed by PHR Ninety-five percent strongly disagreed (NGO) have worked to raise public "admitted' to treating women, but only with the Taliban's dress policies for awareness about the plight of women in when a lookout is posted outside. He in­ women and the proposition that the re­ Afghanistan and have provided signifi­ dicated that if the police were to discov­ striction on their human rights is justifi­ cant humanitarian assistance. er his treatment of women he and his pa­ able by Islamic teachings. While the Taliban seeks interna­ tients would be beaten, tional recognition and econom­ jailed and his office would ic assistance, it has largely be closed. been hostile toward humanitar­ Not surprisingly, the ian NGOs and has restricted PHR report indicates declin­ their ability to deliver assis­ ing nutrition in children and tance. Though approximately increasing rates of tubercu­ 40 NGOs and U.N. agencies losis and infectious disease were working inside among women. The U.N. Afghanistan to provide medical estimates that fewer than 10 care and food to women, their percent of Afghan women efforts were greatly hampered have access to either pre­ by their inability to reach natal care or maternal med­ women whose public move­ ical services. Seventy-one ments are restricted. Some or­ percent of the participants in ganizations terminated their as­ the PHR study reported de­ sistance because they were not clining health in the past two allowed to serve women and years. Seventy-seven per­ girls. cent reported poor access to For example, Save the health care and 20 percent Children, which formerly ran reported no access at all. classes for 400 boys and girls Fifty-five percent of women each month on how to protect reported incidence of serious themselves against land mine illness in which no medical explosions, closed its program care could be obtained. because the Taliban prohibited The human devastation Photo by Zahra Rasekh, Physicians for Human Rights girls• attendance. According to resulting fromthese policies A woman government worker before the Taliban took the U.N., land mine casualties is unspeakable. One female among women and girls have physician reported the death control now waits in a refugee camp in Pakistan. risen. of a child from measles be- After the Taliban, in July cause the only physician available was a Even though most women consider of 1998, banned all foreign aid workers male doctor who was not allowed into the burqa to be a health hazard and an in­ to a bombed out campus on the outskirts the children's ward which was part of the sult to their dignity, women gathered of Kabul and threatened those in non­ designated female ward of a local hospi­ around the body of their friend who had compliance with expulsion, the great ma­ tal. just died when her mother was unable to jority of NGOs left the country in protest. PHR quotes a 20-year-old mother take her to the hospital because she could The remaining groups followed them in who had lost her infant: "Eight months not afford a burqa, begging the PHR re­ August after the U.S. bombing of Bin ago, my two-and-a-half year old daugh­ searcher to send them burqas from the Laden's terrorist camps. ter died from diarrhea. She was refused U.S. so they could go out in public. In 1997, the U.N. Secretary Gener­ treatment by the first hospital that we Zohra Rasekh, the Afghan-Ameri­ al sent a high-level gender mission to took her to. The second hospital mis­ can consultant for PHR who conducted Afghanistan, headed by UNICEF direc­ treated her (they refused intravenous flu­ 200 interviews with Afghan women, stat­ tor Carol Bellamy. Bellamy insisted on a ids and antibiotics because of her Hazara ed that 95 percent of the women she public meeting with women. The New ethnicity). spoke to despise the Taliban's policies York Times UN correspondent, Barbara "Her body was handed to me and on women and that they are angry and Crossette, who accompanied Bellamy, her father in the middle of the night. feel that the internationalcommunity has wrote that the very fact of this meeting With her body in my arms we left the abandoned them. caused a tremendous stir and was of hospital. It was curfew time and we had As one young woman said: ''Two great encouragement to Afghan women. a long way to get home. We had to spend years ago I graduated from Kabul Uni­ In 1998, the United Nations's Eco­ the night in a destroyed house among versity, but now the university door is nomic and Social Council, at the recom­ rubble. In the morning we took my dead closed to all female students. Afghan mendation of the U.N. Commission on baby home but had no money for her fu­ women have no rights today. They are all the Status of Women, passed a resolution neral." walking dead." condemning the continued violation of Ninety-seven percent of all women These women's outrage is most un­ women's rights by the Taliban. Also in interviewed by PHR were suffering from derstandable, especially since the Tal­ 1998, the U.N. established a Gender Co­ clinical depression and 86 percent iban's policies on women are more like­ ordination Unit for Afghanistan and ap­ showed significant symptoms of anxiety. ly rooted in misogyny than in religious pointed a Special Rapporteur for

8 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 Afghanistan. However, in !" ... Currently the U.N. refugees in Pakistan and to provide mid-1998 most UN staff and U.S. are working to UNHCR with its requested budget. also left Afghanistan fol- :: broker a peace agreement NAWL's International Law Com­ lowing the assassination of ..,: between the Taliban and mittee urges all NA WL members to ac­ three U.N. workers, two _: the Northern Alliance. tively support Afghan women by joining Afghans and one Italian, While the Northern Al­ international letter and e-mail cam­ who were murdered in re­ liance's position on women paigns, by bringing other organizations taliation for the U.S. mis­ is much more moderate, on board, by urging their bar associations sile raid of Bin Laden's women's rights are low on to hold educational events on camps. its list of priorities as well. Afghanistan, as did the Women's Bar The withdrawal of Additionally, the Alliance Association of D.C. recently, and by pro­ U.N. and NGO humanitari­ is very weak in comparison viding financialsupport to the two orga­ an missions, of course, left to the Taliban and a peace nizations spearheading the international Afghan women with even The author agreement between the two support campaigns for Afghan women. less assistance and protec­ is likely to give little real Here are a few easy ways to do so: tion against the Taliban's Eva Herzer is a power to the Northern Al­ • For a sample letter to president cruelty. In March of 1999, mediator and liance. Clinton check the PHR web page at the U.N. announced its in­ attorney in The danger is that the www.phrusa.org/campaigns/afact. html tent to return a limited Kensington and U.N. and U.S., seeking po­ or simply write to The White House, number of staff to litical and economic stabil­ 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washing­ Afghanistan. Berkeley, Calif. She ity in the region, will bless ton, DC 20501-0005. is chair of NAWL's an agreement between the •For a quick fill-in-theblanks set of Calls for acton International Law two rival factions if it pro­ e-mail messages to relevant U.S. and The Taliban's rule is vides foran end of the civil U.N. officials go to the Feminist Majori­ relatively young, with few Committee and is war, even if the agreement ty web page at www.feminist.org/ac­ economic resources, and is a former president does not address the war tion/action50.html or call (703) 522- unlikely to sustain itself if of the International against women and does 2214. it does not obtain interna­ not restore women's • Join over l 00 organizations in tional recognition and the Committee of human rights. The interna­ their protest against the Taliban's treat­ economic aid and coopera­ Lawyers for Tibet. tional community must ment of women by encouraging other or­ tion which comes with le­ E-mail her at thus insist that all parties in ganizations to which you belong to write gitimacy of a government. [email protected] the peace negotiation an organizational letter to U.S. and U.N. Already, international process make a commit­ officials. For a sample letter check women's rights activists ,, ...... J ment to end discrimination www.feminist.org/af ghan/orgletter .html were able to stop a major against women. Call for a petition you can sign and cir­ international business venture through While the international community culate: (707) 522-2214. which a consortium of oil companies, in­ has no direct influence over the parties • Make a donation to Physicians for cluding the U.S.-based Unocal Corp., involved, it can insist on their compli­ Human Rights Afghanistan project. were to build a pipeline through ance with the rule of law by withholding PHR is a highly repected human rights Afghanistan. international recognition from any gov­ organization which shared the 1997 The Taliban stood to gain over ernment in Afghanistan which does not Nobel Peace Prize for its role in the In­ $100 million from this project, which promote the equal rights of women. ternationalCampaign to Ban Landmines. was at least temporarily defeated when NA WL as an organization has PHR has been at the forefront of re­ Unocal withdrew its support for the $8 urged President Clinton, Secretary of searching the facts and providing expert billion project in December 1998. Uno­ State Madeline Albright and UN Secre­ testimony to human rights bodies. Its cal, in withdrawing its support, indicated tary General Kofi Annan to: Afghanistan project has very few re­ that it would not join the project until • Insist that the peace negotiation sources. Ear-marked donations may be Afghanistan has an internationallyrecog­ process in Afghanistan include the com­ sent to PHR, 100 Boylston Street, Suite nized government and also cited the in­ mitment of all parties to end discrimina­ 702, Boston, Mass. 02116. ternational campaign by the Feminist tion against women and to restore their • Make a donation to the Feminist Majority, a U.S. NGO, against the pro­ human rights. Majority Foundation (President Eleanor ject, as one of its reasons for distancing • Not recognize the Taliban as the Smeal), which is leading the largest in­ itself from the project. legitimate governmentof Afghanistan. ternational lobbying campaign for the Other businesses are likely to have • Not allow the Taliban access to restoration of human rights forwomen in similar concerns of wanting to protect Afghanistan's seat in the UN. Afghanistan: FMF, 1600 Wilson Blvd. their investments from the whims of an •Do everything in their power to re­ Suite 801, Arlington, VA 22209. illegitimate government and the uncer­ store women's rights to work, education, Our action is necessary, for as tainties of doing business with an entity health care and safety. Hillary Rodham Clinton stated to UN which cannot rely on international finan­ • Pressure Pakistan and Saudi Ara­ staff and delegates in March: "There is cial and political support. bia to stop supporting the Taliban and to no more egregious and systematic tram­ It is thereforeimperative that the in­ close its borders to fuel and arms transs pling of fundamental rights of women ternational women's community assert ports. today than what is happening in pressure on politicians not to confer in­ • Oppose private investments and Afghanistan under the iron rule of the ternational legitimacy on the Taliban so international bank loans to Afghanistan Taliban. It is no longer acceptable to say long as it continues its policy of gross vi­ under the Taliban. that the abuse and mistreatment of olations of human rights and gender dis­ • Conduct a thorough investigation women is cultural. It should be called crimination. of the humanitarian needs of Afghan what it is-criminal."

WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 9 BOOK REVIEWS

Readed, For top-of-line job search, opinionson ... 'Vault Report' perfect aide The Vault BY RINKY PARWANIMANSON ton, D.C., Boston, Los Angeles, San Francisco Reports Guide to and Chicago. As I recall on-campus interviews in law The Vault Reports summarize basic firm America's Top 50 school, I remember leaving each interview in a statistics for each firm, such as pay scales, Lo.wFirms daze. bonuses, legal departments, billable hour re­ by H.S. Hamadeh, Often two or three interviews with differ­ quirements, diversity aspects, and most impor­ ent firms would be on the same day, each firm tantly associate satisfaction. Mark Oldman, Marcy blurring into the others and the names and faces The book is also littered with an abun­ Lerner, Edward Shen, of associates and partners simply remembered dance of graphs depicting total attorneys, prof­ Doug Cantor and in order to quickly draft thank-you letters. it per partner and revenues for each firm. For The distinguishing characteristics of each someone focusing a job hunt on the highly Michael Hasday. firm seemed non-existent and the only truly ranked firms, the book is an invaluable Cliff's Reviewed by comparable measurements became the law Notes to prepare forinterviews and to provide a firms' salaries and billable hour requirements. background of each firm even before the first Rinky Parwani ADDING TO the tragedy were call-back interview. Manson, a lawyer or fly-back interviews at each of the firms' The Vault Reports contain a synopsis for with Reuben & Novicoff campuses. After awhile, it was hard to remem­ each firm divided into "The Scoop," "Getting ber which city I was in. All the associates, part­ Hired" and "Survey Says." in Beverly Hills, Calif., ners, offices and leather chairs began to look Each synopsis includes quotes from cur­ and 1998 NAWL alike. If it wasn't for each city's famous land­ rent and former associates at each firm about mark(s), I doubt I would have had a clue where the firm's assignment system, feedback, part­ Outstanding Law I was. nership, prospects, level of responsibility, sum­ Student at the The questions at each firminterview were mer associate program, culture, hours, pay and University of similar, as were many of my answers. Even the training. questions I would ask the associates and part­ THIS IS THE most useful part of the Minnesota. ners would result in pat answers giving no real compilation and the "meat" of the book in that feel for the firm's mentality toward associates, it provides a realistic perspective into each fir­ the type of work done or the collegiality (or m's personality. Rebels in Lo.w: non-collegiality, as the case may be) at the With quotes from associates like, "For a Voices in History firm. summer associate not to get an offer, you need Summer clerking with firms did provide to have committed a nuclear screw-up," "I've of Black Women some insight to a few firms' atmosphere for seen paralegals crying in the halls," and "If you Lo.wyers comparisons. But again, it seemed the true life are still around as a 7th or 8th year, you'll make edited by J. Clay of an associate was blissfully hidden from my partner if your department can make another summer associate's view by large salaries, ex­ partner," the true color of each firm shines Smith Jr. pensive dinners, fancy outings, non-billable through. Reviewed by work, and no pressure, no deadline assign­ Unfortunately, the downside of The Vault Cox, ments. Reports is that for the lateral associate or law Sandra Hicks With the true sides of firms' personalities student not interviewing with Huge, Huge & a lawyer in Altadena, hidden, it was hard to determine with which Large the book can provide no guidance. Fur­ Calif., and retired vice firmI would be truly happy practicing law. thermore, for large firms anywhere besides ALTHOUGH THE process of interview­ New York, Washington, D.C., Boston, Los An­ president and senior ing and selecting a firmfor many law students geles, San Francisco and Chicago the book is legal and regulatory and lateral associates will be similar to my ex­ useless. compliance officer for perience and probably will not change much, Quite frankly, the simple fact is that no some help has arrived. book is able to give the law student or lateral Kaiser Foundation The Vault Reports Guide to America's associate the "answer" as to the best firm for Health Plan. Top 50 Law Firms provides assistance in ob­ his or her individual needs. taining the much-needed skinny on well-known There is simply no substitute for a job firms forthe law student or the lateral associate hunter finding out what they really want to do, A children's ready for a move. figuring out where is the best place to do it, and The easy-to-read format centers around a meeting and interviewing as many people as book series on the "prestige score" ranking. The prestige score possible to make sure a firm is the right firm for three branches of ranking is not based upon size or profitability, them. government but rather on legal community reputation based However, The Vault Reports Guide to upon surveys sent out to associates. America's Top 50 Law Firms can be a good by Peter W. Barnes. Fifty ranked firms of the caliber of Cra­ starting point into helping the job hunter nar­ Reviewed by vath, Swaine & Moore and Latham & Watkins row down the many choices in today's boom­ are included in the book. The focus is on firms ing legal market. Emma Emmerich, located in major cities: New York, Washing- a grade school student.

10 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 'Rebels' shows victories in law BY SANDRA HICKS COX and Freedom" and "International Con­ and women who are not merely class­ cerns." The introduction to each part minded and property minded, but who Rebels in the Law, a scholarly, yet makes it easy for the reader to under­ bring a trained and active intelligence to immensely readable work edited by pro­ stand the intended focus and calls atten­ bear upon the difficult problems of jus­ fessor J. Clay Smith Jr. represents an un­ tion to those aspects which are of partic­ tice in modem human relations." believably valuable addition to the pauci­ ular significance. INTERESTINGLY enough, Ollie ty of information available The editor informs that May Cooper's 1961 article in the Wash­ about the contributions of the organization of Rebels in ington Afro-American, "Women in the black women lawyers to the the Law is "drawn from the Law," included in the book emphasizes profession. logic of the subject matter of that women were still encountering diffi­ As he notes at the begin­ their voices." However, it is culties in their quest to become lawyers. ning of the preface: clear that the organization is After noting the extremely small repre­ "The history of black also driven by his perspec­ sentation of women, including women of women lawyers is a rich com­ tives and passion for the sub­ color, in 1958 ABA estimates of lawyers pilation of resonating and di­ ject matter. Even a cursory and law students, she states: verse voices." review of this work and of "The skepticism with which women These are, in fact, the his earlier writings makes it have viewed a career in law is not alto­ voices that fewof us have had apparent that he is an expert, gether impossible to understand. Despite the opportunity to hear before Sandra Hicks enthralled by the struggles emancipation, women encountered what and achievements of black might be termed a natural resistance reading this book. Although Cox some persons may be aware of women who have made the from the men in the profession, based in the fact that Charlotte E. Ray in 1872 be­ law their calling. large measure on the myth of women's came the first black woman to graduate The effortsof Ollie May Cooper, a inferiority." from an American law school, it is high­ 1921 graduate of the Howard University Despite these concerns, pioneer ly unlikely that many of us know the College of Law, to provide the impetus Cooper found hopein the fact that men heroines whose works are contained in for collection of the writings of black had begun to appreciate the worth of this volume. Likewise, few are conver­ women lawyers were most effective. women lawyers, welcoming them as sant with the roles of black women law­ She would be proud of the impact she equals. She encourages through her con­ yers in the quest forequality, politics, ef­ had on the young law student and the re­ clusion: fecting social change and in international sulting manner in which he has met the "A career in the law gives great law. challenge she provided. promise to young women graduating IT WOULD have been easy for Of particular interest is the fact that fromcollege, foreconomic advancement Smith to present the writings of these pi­ this book is available in time to supple­ as well as for the achievement of honor oneering and brilliant women without ment information concerning women and respect in the community." context and they would still have been of lawyers made available as the National CERTAINLY THESE words are interest. However, to our great benefit, Association of Women Lawyers cele­ illustrated through the accomplishments he has done more. In his inclusion of brates its centennial. Just like NAWL pi­ of those whose voices are heard later in historical background and by soliciting oneers, women of color have played a the pages of this work. The fights to several original submissions to this vol­ vital role in securing recognition of achieve a legal education and, having ume providing great insights into the women in the legal profession. It is a done so, to achieve tenure-track profes­ challenges faced by black women, he il­ historical fact that all women have strug­ sorship and equal recognition of their luminates parallels in the careers of gled to become accepted participants in scholarship remind us that the battles are women lawyers in general. the "learned professions," including the not yet won. It will be impossible forany woman law. Zephyr Abigail Moore (Ramsey), in The writing by Joyce Anne Hughes, lawyer to read these stories and not be her outstanding 1922 writing, "Law and "Neither a Whisper Nor a Shout," select­ able to relate to them. The belief of male Its Call to Women," outlined the circum­ ed for the book provides an explicit ex­ members of the bar that theirs should re­ stances confronted by women in a most pose of the "double jeopardy" of sex and main a society of "good old boys" was eloquent manner: race that often still exists, not only in the (and is in some quarters) both gender and "FOR CENTURIES there has academia of which she writes but in law racially based. However, people of color been the widespread feeling among firms and corporate law departments as of both sexes will relate to these stories, physicians and lawyers that theirs are well. Likewise, the fightsagainst racism including as they do many of the issues men's professions and that women, no and to achieve civil rights in many arenas faced on a daily basis as they seek to be­ matter how well trained in these profes­ are not yet won. The black women law­ come successful, effective participants in sions, are outsiders and intruders." yers included herein have, however, set the legal profession. Ms. Moore further opines that law an example that all of us must seek to fol­ The utility and impact of the work is the most conservative of all profes­ low, ever seeking to use our talents and is greatly enhanced through effective di­ sions but that specific developments in education to gain the victory in all of vision of the writings into appropriate the profession at that time strengthen its these arenas. parts. Among them are: "Law and Its appeal to women. Her comments, when In the section of the book entitled Call to Black Women," "Legal Educa­ applied to developments since 1922 are "Race, Equality, Justice and Freedom" tion, the Legal Academy, and the Legal no less pertinent today: we find more names and issues with Profession," "Race, Equality, Justice, "The law needs imperatively men which we are likely to be familiar. Even

WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 11 though this is the case, there is benefit to being able to view these issues from the specific and enlightened perspectives of individuals like Carol Mosley-Braun, A 'mice' way to learn Elaine Jones, Barbara Jordan and Mari­ an Wright Edelman. "The Confederate Flag as Racist Symbolism," "The Issue about government of Race," "African Americans Must Re­ ject Anti-Semitism" and "The Dynamics The books: Woodrow, the White things." She also likes the irresistable of Change" as their respective contribu­ House Mouse; House Mouse, Senate rhymes. The high point of Woodrow, tions are entitled, illustrate their rele­ Mouse; Marshall, the Courthouse the WhiteHouse Mouse is a tumble vance to us as we enter the new millenni­ Mouse. into a bowl of soup. She says the um. The author: Peter W. Barnes. illustrations for Woodrow are AL THOUGH THE entire volume, The illustrator: Cheryl Shaw enjoyable, but the storyline is not including the brief part on "Crime and Barnes quite as interesting as Marshall. "It Criminal Justice" must be applauded, was still a great book!" she notes one other part must receive particular This series of children's books enthusiastically. mention. teach kids about law and government, Ms. Emmerich also consulted The roles of black women lawyers using humor, rhyming verse and with another expert: her teacher, noted in "International Concerns" are colorful illustrations Barbara Lucken surely unknown and unsung. Who featuring mouse characters Lindeman. According to among us remembers (or ever knew) that such as President Ms. Emmerich, Ms. Barbara Mae Watson was appointed in Woodrow Washingtail, the Lindeman likes the books 1968 as Administrator, Bureau of Securi­ Squeaker of the House and and recommends them for ty and Consular Affairs, Department of the Senate Mouse-jority first- through third-grade State, thus becoming the first woman to Leader, and Chief Justice pupils. achieve the rank of Assistant Secretary Marshall Mouse. Carefully The books include a of State? How many know of Goler researched, the detailed study guide, "Historical Teal Butcher's 1987 presentation, drawings represent the Notes for Parents and "Women and Minorities in International actual institutions and Teachers," which provides Law" which contains a clarion call for rooms so familiar to additional information and the inclusion of more women and mi­ attorneys. answers likely questions norities in panels concerning human Emma Emmerich is a Emma the stories may inspire. rights and other international law activi­ fifthgrader at Sands Emmerich They are more than a ties? Montessori, a Cincinnati ... recommends teaching tool, however; THERE REMAINS much to be public school. Ms. three good reads the consensus of student done to expand the participation and ef­ Emmerich agreed to give us an 11- and teacher is that these books are fectiveness of women and minorities in year-old's perspective of the Barnes' just good fun to read. the international law arena. Professor books: If you're looking for a gift Smith has provided a road map for us to "Marshall, the Courthouse for the young set, here's an follow. Mouse is my favorite of the three opportunity to combine the pleasures It is not often that one findsthe Ap­ books. I loved the story. It is very of readirigwith an inside peek at what pendices to a book of such interest that it funny and it also talks about the good the American judicial, legislative and is referred to while reading a particular things you should do in life. One of executive systems are supposed to do. writing as well as a necessary ending to a the funniest parts was the cheese And if you're ever stumped on how most enjoyable and educational experi­ law." [Editor's note: you'll have to to explain the judicial system to a ence. ProfessorSmith's effortin collect­ buy the book to find out about the classroom of elementary students on ing the information, often from obscure cheese law; editorial policy is to not Law Day, Marshall just might be the sources, must be lauded. Our under­ disclose punch lines.] right mouse forthe job! standing is greatly enhanced by the brief Ms. Emmerich believes House VSP Books, which biographies of the contributors and by Mouse, Senate Mouse does a good job publishes the series, has a webpage: "Pioneering Facts about Black Women of explaining difficult concepts of www.vspbooks.com (or call 800/441- Lawyers and Law Teachers." legislative government: "important 1949.) Rebels in the Law is also made more delightful by the photographs of the contributors and other black women lawyers on the cover and within. Positions Available Advertisement Rebels in the Law should be re­ quired reading for all women law stu­ INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REFORM-The American Bar dents as well as young women in high Association Central and East European Law Initiative (CEELI) seeks school and college who have legal aspi­ experienced attorneys to work on criminal, environmental, rations. All members of the learnedpro­ commercial and/or civil law reform projects in Central and Eastern fession of the law, regardless of race or Europe and the former Soviet Union. Support includes all housing, gender, will benefit from its reading, clarifying as it will the fact that signifi­ transportation, and living expenses. Call (800) 982-3354 for cant contributions have and will continue an application. to be made by each of us.

12 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 BALANCING ACT Dumping baggage lightens load BY SUSAN ANN KOENIG Give yourself a periodic checkup ion about your child being deprived for on what is important to you. Take 15 eternity if she fails to play select soccer. Each of us has limited resources. minutes to develop a plan for ending in­ We are often tempted to let judgments of With the pressure of billable hours and volvement in those activities which drain others determine how we live. Be vigi­ the needs of our families, time is pre­ you rather than energize you. lant in living up to your own expecta­ cious. With the rigors of officeand com­ • Let go of a desire to change an­ tions only. Even then, it is important to munity responsibilities, our energy re­ other person. remember to be gentle with yourself. serves can be depleted. In the practice of law we encounter • Let go of old tapes running in Often we feel we lack time, energy a vast array of personalities. Some are your head. or peacefulness in our less desirable than others. Our negative self-talk can be our lives. We definitelydo not Recognizing that you can­ worst enemy. It will invite further self­ have any spare quantities not change the judge with a criticism. It will distract us from enjoy­ to waste. Letting go can sour disposition or the col­ ing the moment. It can immobilize us help you findmore. league who is chronically and prevent us from meeting the chal­ Here are seven ways tardy will free you to focus lenges of the day. you can be on the path to a on what you can control. Catch yourself the next time you life full of more that you Instead of lamenting hear yourself thinking any of these love and less of what feels shortcomings we perceive phrases: "I never," "I must," "I can't," a burden: in another, we can choose "I don't deserve." • Let go of some of to change our own behav­ Replace those thoughts with ones your stuff. ior. Having a smile for the which acknowledge how many chal­ Ask yourself whether grumpy one in the office or lenges you have overcome, how many the objects in your life are Susan Ann Koenig deciding to start the meet­ successes you have had, and how many really improving it. Are ing without the late at­ wonderful possibilities lie ahead. you spending your week­ is a lawyer in tendee are ways we can • If you simply must worry about ends cleaning a bigger Omaha, Neb., choose to act rather than today or tomorrow, set aside a time to house than you really where her react. do so. want? Is your lunch hour You will enjoy the This technique works beautifully being eaten up by trips to general practice peace that follows this ac­ for me when I have an upcoming court repair that Mercedes with emphasizes family ceptance of another and hearing that is hard to get out of my head. 150,000 miles on it? Do and juvenile this responsible behavior of Schedule a set amount of time each you purge your closet each issues. She is also your own. day during which you will allow yourself season eliminating any­ • Let go of the need to have worrisome thoughts about the thing you have not worn an adjunct to do it all yourself. event. I like to limit it to about 10 min­ the past six months? professor at Do you find yourself utes. If thoughts persist outside of that How would it feel to Creighton having difficulty delegat­ period, simply remind yourself, "Oh, I be able to spend a half hour ing a discovery project to don't have to worry about that until to­ having a cup of coffeewith University School your legal assistant? Do morrow morning." Then put it out of a friend instead of making of Law and at the you insist that you always your head. another trip to the dry­ University of be the parent to give your This method is useful for forgiving cleaners? Consider letting toddler a bath? Do you yourself for yesterday's blunder as well go of the need to make and Nebraska at :' refuse to allow the bakery as coping with tomorrow's concern. hold on to purchases that Omaha School of ·..: to make the cake for the up­ Your worry time can even turninto a cre­ complicate rather than sim­ coming party? ative problem solving session and before plify your life. L.,���·i·�·� ..����: . .,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,J Consider why it is so long the problem has vanished. • Let go of an activi­ important to you to be Think about how many of your ty or commitment that is not teaching doing any task yourself. Examining our worries of a year ago are now gone. or fulfilling you. obsession with holding on to tasks which Soon the same will be true of most of How many meetings have you left others are able and willing to do will help your worries of today. feelinglike your time had been wasted? us to recognize when we should be shar­ Once you create all of the space in Consider all of your possibilities for ing some of the responsibility. This is your life which is opened up by letting not continuing to participate in that essential to a balanced life. go, you can enjoy filling it with all that which is robbing you of any moments of • Let go of someone else's expec­ you want to create in your life: your day. tations of you. Energy to undertake the projects Too often we agree to a request Growing up in a culture where the you have been longing to undertake; joy­ without thoughtfully considering the role of girls and women is to get along, fulanticipation of next month's vacation; commitment. It is flattering to be asked be a "lady" and make peace, this can be complete appreciation of your opposing to serve on a board or to hold an office. a challenge. counsel. The temptation is to say "yes" immedi­ How often do you feel frustrated Letting go is the only certain way to ately. Instead, ask for additional time to because you "performed" in order to live hold on to your dreams and plans while make the decision. You can then decide up to someone else's expectations? It living joyfully in each present moment. whether it is a commitment you really may be your mother's opinion about how You have to create the space for it. want to make. you keep house or your neighbor's opin- And you can.

WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 13 FIRST IMPRESSIONS Dillerent really may be better "Law school would be great, if only life ultimately making them better attorneys didn't keep getting in the way." I have had this after they get into practice. thought often the past two years, and been MY EXPERIENCES as a part­ grateful that the option of going to school part­ time student have been positive forthe time was available to me. Some days I just have most part. I am able to take the same too many balls in the air. courses from the same professors that Frankly, without this non-traditional other students take and can arrange my curriculum I would not be a law student at all. schedule around my family and my The existence of flexible law study programs, work. But negative comments fromfull­ like the one I am enrolled in, is a well-kept secret time students still creep into that schools seem reticent to market to the public. conversations. Their impression is that It is time to recognize the advantages that these law school must be easier for me programs provide, particularly to women who are because I only have three classes while balancing many roles in their life already. they have five and, therefore, I must Non-traditional legal education has existed have a lot more time to study then they foryears at many, primarily urban, universities. do. Clearly, they resent being ranked in While the term "non-traditional" has been used to class standing along side part-time describe students over a certain age, I think it students. This seems to be a minority applies best to those students attending law By Mimi opinion. Most traditional students school in a program other than the standard three­ respect the fact that I am juggling many years-and-out formula; those who are integrating responsibilities and that, in reality, they their schooling into their current life commit­ Clemons have more control over the time they ments and experiences. give to their studies than I do. Until the past 10 years or so, most non- Non-traditional students worry traditional programs were night schools, designed to attract full-time working that they will be at a disadvantage when students, mostly men. it comes time to apply forjobs. I think In the early 1900s, night schools grew in areas with heavy immigrant the opposite is true and their populations, providing legal education to many who would not have been able to experiences can be presented to attend traditional schools. These programs were looked down upon by the major employers in a very positive light. An university law schools and excluded from membership in the Association of important skill for any attorney is being American Law Schools, which questioned both the quality of the education able to balance multiple projects and provided and the quality of the student admitted. time commitments and that is something OVER THE YEARS, most of these programs closed or were merged into we have become expert at doing. Also, existing full-timelaw schools. Other educational options appeared, with law we bring a wider range of life schools offering part-time day programs and intensive weekend-only courses, as experiences to whatever legal position well as night classes. The Wall Street Journalrecently noted the start of an all on­ we ultimately take. line curriculum at a new Californiaschool. Where once there existed separate All of this brings me back to the criteria forstudents in non-traditional programs, now all students must meet the statement I made in the beginning: law same requirements forLSAT scores and grade point averages to comply with the school would be great, if only life didn't American Bar Association standards for accreditation. Traditional and non­ keep getting in the way. As I enter my traditional students study the same curriculum, just on a different schedule. third year of school I am faced with Much of the stigma of being a non-traditional student disappeared as the some difficult decisions on allocating educational standards were equalized and schools became accredited. Still, my time and energy. Unfortunately, my educators and employers may question the quality of the graduates. How committed health has been rather poor and so the to practicing law could they be if they only attended school part-time? How much decision has been made for me. In order could students retain if they packed all their education into only weekend courses? to continue in school and maintain my The answers are clear when examining bar examination scores and placement own health I must, with regret, give up results. Overall, the same percentage of non-traditional and full-time students pass my position as the NAWL representa­ the bar and go on to successful legal careers. tive to the ABA Law Student Division IF THE PROOF is in the performance, then why aren't law schools actively Board of Directors. It has been a great marketing these programs? There is a huge untapped pool of talented individuals honor to represent this fine organization who have never realized that law school could fit into their lives. Perhaps the at the ABA and to have the opportunity schools cannot quite transcend the stereotype of non-traditional students as lower to write this column. I know that I will quality and less committed to the study of law. It seems to me, however, that always treasure these experiences and anyone willing to balance all of their existing commitments with the rigors of an look forward to a long professional educational curriculum that measures them against the same standards as full-time relationship with NAWL. students must have a devotion to the law that is actually greater than most. Flexible education options are a boon to women who want to reenter the work Mimi Clemons is a student at the force after rearing children and to both men and women who want to change University of Memphis Cecil C. careers without giving up a job they have. Many potential students don't want to Humphreys School of Law in Tennessee. face the prospect of a huge debt upon graduation and welcome the part-time option. She serves as NA WL's representative to Part-time scheduling also allows students the time to experience a wider range of the American Bar Association's LawStu­ practical experiences in the law, through clinics, externships, and volunteer settings, dent Division Board of Governors.

14 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 TECH PRACTICES Women must get computer-ease mail have allowed them to reach further and men on computers, we need to first BY CHERYL L. CONNER more quickly and with less expense. create that comfort level that will allow With all of the technological ad­ Businesses are putting computers in the us to use the technology to its fullest po­ vances that have occurred in the past 20 hands of a large number of their employ­ tential. To get over that hurdle, here are years we have vastly improved the way ees and have concerns about their ability some answers to basic questions: we conduct our business and organize to monitor employee computer use. • What is the Internet? our personal lives, right? The extent to Companies are contemplating po­ The Internet began, as ARPANET, which that statement rings true may very tential liability associated with the Y2K in 1969 in the Advanced Research Pro­ well depend on whether you are a man or computer bug, which will cause some ject Agency. It was developed as a way a woman. computers to be unable to to connect the military, defense contrac­ Men enter computer read the year 2000. tors and educational institutions conduct­ related fields at a higher They are also facing ing defense research. The goal was to rate than do women. A sur­ trademark issues because create a network of computers for which vey conducted by professor of "cybersquatting." This there would be no central operating com­ Tracy Camp of the Univer­ occurs when an individual puter in order to reduce the risk that vital sity of Alabama found that registers a domain name information and communications would women accounted for only (such as, www.domain­ be lost if a computer on the network was 28.4% of computer science name.com) before the damaged. graduates in 1993-94. That owner of the trademark has Decentralization was achieved figure was actually a de­ done so. The trademark through a series of redundant computer crease from the 37.1 % owner must then negotiate links. If a message cannot reach its target measured a decade earlier, with the cybersquatter to through one path, it automatically re­ and occurred despite the Cheryl L. Conner is purchase its name. routes itself and attempts to make the fact that women entered Second, technology is connection through a different set of other scientific fields at in­ with Morris & changing the way we com­ computers and networks. Using "packet­ creased rates over the same Schneider in municate with clients. In switching" communications protocols, period. Some of the rea­ Atlanta. She was April, the ABA Standing individual messages are subdivided into sons cited include lack of Committee on Ethics and segments that can also travel along dif­ role models and the fact Professional Responsibility ferent paths when a route becomes over­ that women are less likely �!�t��:i�:t.� I approved the use of unen­ loaded. The message is reconstructed to have played computer e crypted e-mail to transmit when it reaches its destination. games as children and be­ confidential client docu­ The network spread from govern­ come familiar with tech­ t���!�;i: �� ments. Desktop publishing ment agencies and universities to corpo­ Richmond. I nology. ' l' software, such as Microsoft rations and individuals as other networks _ There is good news, o o o o o o o o . Publisher, is being used to formed and connected to ARP ANET. A though. When women are . create inexpensive and pro­ common language, "Transmission Con­ �•.•-•.• .•.•...• ._ o...... ••o •• •.• ••••• , •• , .. ••• nA ••.•••• } comfortable with the technology, they fessional-looking client newsletters. trol Protocol/Internet Protocol" are as likely as men to use it. A recent Third, computers are making law (TCP/IP), was developed to allow differ­ survey completed by Bruskin/Goldring firm management more efficientand less ent operating systems, such as Windows, Research forClinique foundthat the per­ expensive. Contact management soft­ Macintosh and UNIX, to speak to each centages of women and men with Inter­ ware can be used to collect and maintain other. net access who have shopped on-line are information about clients. It can issue re­ The World Wide Web (www) is a roughly equal: 35% of women and 37% minders to contact a particular client and part of the Internet. It transformed the of men. When purchases are broken can list personal information, such as Internetbecause it allows foruser-friend­ down by item, the only significantdiffer­ hobbies and family names. ly "point-and-click" access rather than ence is the rate at which men buy com­ Lexis and Westlaw, as well as CD having to type code. It also supports puter hardware and software. libraries, can reduce money spent updat­ graphics and sound, while the Internet More than half of men (54%) who ing research material. used only text transmissions. It uses "hy­ have shopped on-line have purchased And third, there are various types of pertext markup language" (HTML) that computer software,as opposed to 37% of software programs and Internetservices­ provides the formatting for the page and women. This is again a reflection of lack that will make our personal lives easier. links files that contain the text, graphics, of comfort. Direct deposit and online banking mean and sound. In order to create true equality in that we no longer spend our lunch hour The Internet has no controlling the realm of computer use we have to be running to the bank. Online shopping body. It exists only by virtue of the nu­ equally comfortable with the machine. means that we spend the weekend with merous computers and networks that are How important is technology to the legal our familiesin the backyard instead of at linked to it. There is no central storage profession? It is extremely important for the mall. Search engines can provide location, control point or communica­ a number of reasons. quick information about refinancing a tions channel for the Internet and it First, it is often important to the home, the best time to plant lilacs and the would not be technologically practicable client. Our clients are entering into con­ recipe for yourfavorite restaurant's to create or assign one. tracts online in increasing numbers. spinach dip. The list is virtually endless. Here are other common terms: Many are doing business in expanded re­ To overcome some of the dispari­ • RAM: Random Access Memory gions because the fax machine and e- ties surveys say exist between women is the computer's useable workspace.

WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 15 A Special Tribute Section The amount available controls the for the quantity and size of programs that the computer can handle and also affects the speed of the computer. It requires power to maintain. While entering infonnation Talented writer gives into a word processing program, for ex· ample, the information stays in the RAM. That information must be saved onto the hard drive or a disk before the NAWL more than words computer is turned off. Women Lawyers Club in 1964, • Peripherals: This refers to any BY PEGGY L GOLDEN piece of hardware connected to the com· which created WLALA. putcr. These include: primer, scanner, Selma Moidcl Smith not only She was admitted to the State monitor, mouse, and keyboard. writes about history-she makes it. A Bar of California in 1943, practicing • Scanner: This is a device that woman of many talents, her most law with her brothers at Moidel, reads a printed page and converts it into recent accomplishment is her Moidel, Moidel & Smith. She digital information. There are two types appointment as the first continued to practice law of scanners. The first creates an image of woman to chair the for nearly 45 years the page as if a picture was taken of the Editorial Board of before retiring. page. The second type uses "optical char. Experience magazine, the Now a Special acrer recognition" so that a document is Member of NA WL, she created as if it were typed into a word publication of the ABA processing program. Senior Lawyers Division. began chairing • Software: These arc instructions You will not only committees in 1946 and for the computer. A set of instructions find her in the first remained actively for the computer to perform a particular (1977) and other editions involved through1968. task is called a program. of Who's Whoin In 1996 she agreed to • Fragmentation: The space on a American Law, but also serve as NA WL liaison hard drive or floppy disk is divided into the International to the ABA Senior sectors. Infonnation is often stored in Encyclopedia of Women Lawyers Division, as non·contiguous sectors on the disk. The chair of the Board of more fragmented the saved infonnation, Composers ( 1987), the the more times the disk must tum to re· first (1958) and other Selma Moidel Elections for 1997 and tricvc the infonnation. This decreases the editions of Who's Who of Smith 1998, and as a member computer's speed. Check the help fileon American Women, the Royal Blue of the Centennial Committee, your computer for the defragmentcr. Book (London, 1969), and other authoring the two.part article on • Modem: The MOdulator-DE­ biographical references. NAWL's history which first appeared Modulator is the device that adapts the She is as fluent in Spanish as she in Experience and is reprinted in this computer to the telephone line by con· is at the keyboard of a piano. Her issue of Women Lawyers Journal as a verting the digital pulses of the computer writing skills are not limited to legal centennial tribute and special into an audio frequency when transmit· supplement. ting, and from audio back to digital when briefs or historical research, but receiving. They come in various speeds, include published poetry and over I 00 But WLALA, NA WL and the such as 9600, 14400, 28800, 33300, and piano and instrumental pieces. ABA Senior Lawyers Division are not 56000 BPS (bits per second). The larger Her "Espressivo-Four Piano the only beneficiaries of her the number, the faster the speed. Pieces" received orchestral premiere prodigious talents. She has been • Parallel port: This is the slot on in 1986 and was performed at the involved in numerous civic, bar and the back of the computer into which a National Museum of Women in the arts organizations. For instance, in printer cord or similar device is plugged. Arts in 1989. 1953 Ms. Smith became a charter • Serial port: This is the slot on the Ms. Smith is legendary in Los member of the National Board of the back of the computer into which a Women's Medical College of modem, scanner, or similar device is Angeles. At the 1998 installation and plugged. It is also called a COM port. awards dinner of the Women Lawyers Pennsylvania (now the Medical The mouse is typically connected to the Association of Los Angeles College of Pennsylvania), foundedin COM 1 port and the modem is conntected (WLALA), she was awarded the first 1850 to enable women to train as to the COM2 port. honorary lifemembership by Lhe physicians. During 1980-82 she • Search Engine: This is software association. She has been a member served as president of that board and that searches for data based on infonna· of WLALA for more than 55 years, in I 998 was honored for 45 years of tion provided. The search engine will list serving two terms as president (1947, service. web sites that contain the terms provided 1948) of the Southern California Selma Moidel Smith will again by the user. They are useful for discrete be honored for her service, this time searches. There are millions of sites on Women Lawyers and leading the �/ the Internet so broad tenns will create a movement to unify SCWL with the in Atlanta as part of NA WL's list of thousands of web sites. centennial celebration, when NA WL 1899-1999 • Cryptography: Encryption is the Peggy L. Golden has been execu­ President Susan Fox Gillis presents conversion of text into a secret code for tive director of NA WLfrom July 1994 her with the association's Lifetime of transmittal over a public network. to August 1999. Service Award. Researched and written by Selma Moidel Smith

Reprinted by permission of /he �utho, and Experience, Vol. 9, Nos. 1 & 2. 16 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 ©1999,American Bar AssociatJOII. WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute/ SUMMER 1999 17 THE CENTENNIAL OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN LAWYERS

... NAWL's first national convention in 1923 with Chief Justice Taft in center.

T H E FIRST 50 YE A RS

n anniversary year will soon com­ person"-by novel application of a law "National." The organization quickly opportunities encountered by women mence. The event to be celebrated which stated that masculine words may became the home-and the voice-of lawyers. Regular features ranged from Ais the 1899 founding of the first include females. The barrier of race was women in the law. Its first national con­ news of inventions patented by women nationwide association of women broken in 1872 by Charlotte E. Ray, a vention was held August 28-29, 1923, in to surveys of the situation of women lawyers in the United States. graduate of Howard University, who Minneapolis, with Chief Justice William lawyers in Europe and Latin America. In tish centennial age, when the pres­ became the first African American Howard Taft attending. ence of women in the law has become a woman lawyer when she passed the The issues of importance to NAWL Suffrage and Service daily reality, let us revisit a time when District of Columbia bar. In 1879, Belva were those affecting women in general, The first major project undertaken by women la\-V)1"ers werean innovation. Let us A. Lockwood became the first woman and women lawyers in particular. Public NAWL was support for women's suffrage. look back to the formative decades of the admitted to the bar of the U.S. Supreme expression of those concerns began in As early as 1912, Olive Stott Gabriel, an National Association of Women Lawyers, Court when she persuaded Congress to 1911 with the foundingof the Women active three-term president, argued for e and to a fw highlights of those years. open the federal courts to women Lawyers' Journal, a magazine that con­ women's voting rights before audiences lawyers, and later she was the first to tinues to appear [minus the apostrophe) across the country. When the 19th Foundations argue a case before this Court. each quarter, and may be found in most Amendment was passed by Congress in The entrance of American women into By 1899, a group of 18 women lawyers law and university libraries. Recurring 1919, NAWLmembers were mobilized to the formal practice of law began in 1869 in New York City gathered to formThe topics in the early decades were the work for ratification by the states. The with the admission of Arabella Babb Women Lawyers' Club. Twelve years legal status of women, laws of marriage National American Woman Suffrage Mansfield to the Iowa bar. It was accom­ later, "Club" gave way to "Association," and divorce, property rights of married Association then hosted a special confer­ Smith is the NAWL liaison to the Senior plished by a liberal justice's inclusion of and in 1923, a growing nationwide women, and proposed legislation affect­ ence forwomen lawyers in February Lawyers Division. women in the meaning of "white male membership was reflected by the prefix, ing women, as well as the disabilities or 1920 with sessions on women's issues of

By Selma Moidel Smith

18 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute/ SUMMER 1999 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute/ SUMMER 1999 19 the day, including addresses by reformer A constant goal of NAWL members, prominent positions in women’s and legal Jane Addams and suffragist Carrie commencing before World War I and organizations. She is recognized as the Chapman Catt, who went on to found the extending past World War II, was to obtain author of laws that permitted women to National League of Women Voters in the for women the right to serve on juries. In serve as jurors in the District of Columbia, same year. 1918, NAWL prepared a bill on jury duty eliminated the preference for males in The success of the suffrage movement for the New York legislature, and worked inheritance in Arkansas and New York, was hastened by the increased visibility of for its passage until 1937. A 1939 survey gave equal pay for equal work to women capable women during World War I. by NAWL showed that 12 states required teachers in New Jersey, allowed married In 1918 Women lawyers took their place among women to serve on juries, and that 11 oth- women in South Carolina to sue and be this group. In New York, war work for ers made such service optional. As late as sued in their own names, and for amend- the first women lawyers included service with 1947, it remained for NAWL to declare ments to the Cable Act, which extended two women male lawyers on the Exemption Boards, that one of its prime objectives was to women's citizenship rights. and in Massachusetts, women lawyers obtain jury service for women in the 14 lawyers were were added to the Legal Advisory states that still barred them, and within a Social Legislation admitted Boards. For the first meeting of the few years the goal was reached. NAWL’s agenda for social legislation Boston Preparedness Committee, the Companion to the drive for women reflected its times. In its first four to the ABA. rules of the Harvard Club were suspend- jurors was the need for women judges. decades, NAWL worked consistently for ed to permit attendance by women. When NAWL’s vice president for an end to child labor. Concurrently it [NOTE: on the first two NAWL California, Georgia P. Bullock, was supported the enactment of minimum Jurors and Judges wage laws. From its earliest years, NAWL women members of quickly appointed the first woman Police Judge the ABA, both of NAWL members recognized that equality in Los Angeles in 1924, she received let- participated in work to expand the became of justice for women depended on the ters threatening her life if she attempted Uniform Laws, particularly in areas of whom were NAWL presence of women among those sitting to serve. Yet serve she did, and soon she personal status, children's welfare, and state vice presidents, Judge Ida May Adams the home— in judgment. An early example cited by was elevated to the Municipal Court, and domestic relations. see "A New Discovery" and the the Journal was the panel of woman thereafter to the Superior Court. The Of special relevance to NAWL mem- by Selma Moidel Smith physician judges of the court for the public accepted the idea of a woman well known fact that the rustling of a bers were legislative issues pertaining to voice— of working women. One fight was against in the next isssue, 85:3 insane at the Chicago detention hospital, judge, and in 1931 Los Angeles had the woman’s skirts distracts the minds of (Fall/ Winter 2000), women in which, at its first sitting in 1914, saved nation's first woman judge elected direct- male students.” She persevered and was so-called protective laws, which limited two women from an attempt by their ly by the people without political admitted by court order. women’s working hours, and effectively pp. 32-33.] the law. husbands to incarcerate them in order to appointment to any office. She was Ida In her career of more than 50 years, barred entire industries to women work- be rid of them. May Adams, president of NAWL’s she was the author of the state's parole ers. A success in this arena was the Southern California Council, and she had law, and the law providing for public a long and honored career on the defenders. She caused enactment of laws Municipal bench. that permitted married women to serve as NAWL member Florence E. Allen of executors of estates, banned the use of Ohio became the nation's first woman iron cages for transport of prisoners to federal judge and highest ranking woman court, required the separation of juvenile jurist when President Roosevelt appoint- and adult prisoners in jails, and also ed her to the U.S. Circuit Court of required seats for shop girls working Appeals for the Sixth Circuit in 1934, behind counters. and she remained in this position until Presidents of NAWL have included the retiring in 1959. A survey by NAWL in accomplished practitioners of their time. 1947 found a total of 53 women judges An example is Burnita Shelton Matthews in federal, state, and local courts. of Mississippi, president in 1934–35. She earned master's degrees in law and patent Role Models law at National University Law School in In its early decades, the Women Lawyers’ Washington, D.C., and was admitted to Journal carried as a regular feature the the bar there in 1920. In 1949, she stories of the “first woman lawyer” of became the nation's second woman feder- each state. One such was NAWL member al judge when President Truman appoint- Clara Shortridge Foltz of California, who ed her to the Federal District Court for the in 1878 became the first woman lawyer District of Columbia. on the Pacific Coast. She was self-taught Judge Matthews practiced law for 20 and, wishing a formal education, applied years, and taught at the Washington to the Hastings College of Law at the College of Law, founded in 1896 by Ellen state university. She was turned away Spencer Mussey specifically to enable Olive Stott Gabriel with the now famous remark, “ . . . it's a women to earn a law degree. She held Judge Georgia Bullock

20 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute / SUMMER 1999 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute / SUMMER 1999 21 defeat in 1927, by a coalition of business band and wife exceeded $250 per month. and professional women, of a proposed It too was defeated by joint action of busi­ California law that would have excluded ness and professional women's groups. women from all occupations other than domestic service if overtime work might Fonn and Substance be required. A typical-but landmark­ What's in a name? If the rose be a woman accomplishment was the passage in 1943 lawyer, there may be more than the of a bill to remove the legal disabilities reminder of a pleasant scent. There may of married women in Florida. It was the also be "a property interest and sufficient result of eight years of statewide speak­ good will attached to it" that she will not ing and lobbying by Ethel Ernest Murrell, willingly change it. So it was with NAWL's vice president forFlorida, who NAWL member Antonia E. Rago of gained the support of the Florida Bar Chicago, who in 1944 successfully Association in her campaign. appealed an order that required her to During the Great Depression, the natur­ register to vote only in her married name. al effect of economic measures that treat­ An earlier attempt by Ruth Hale, wife of ed women differentlyfrom men was that columnist Heywood Broun, to obtain a women would benefit least or would be passport in her own name was reported the first to suffer. The federal Wages and by the Journal in 1921, but it was Judge Hours Act of 1938 was, therefore, a signal Burnita Matthews who later secured the achievement for women. As originally State Department ruling that a married proposed, it would have provided lower woman who had not changed her name minimum wages for women than for need not do so to obtain a passport. men. Concerted action by NAWL and And what of attire? An issue that little other national women's organizations disturbed male lawyers was a continuing resulted in the elimination of this provi­ quandary for the women. In 1907, The sion. A second example of successful leg­ Women Lawyers' Club endorsed the Speakers at luncheon honoring United Nations Women Representatives. Left to Right: Fryderyka Judge Florence E. Allen islative work was defeat of a 1939 wearing of robes in court. The idea did Kalinowska of Poland, Way Sung-New of China, Judge Marion J. Harron of Washington, D.C., Dr. California bill known as the "Spouse not spread, but the wearing of "outra­ Elisabeth Scheltema of The Netherlands, President Adele I. Springer of New York, Judge Dorothy Kenyon Bill." It would have prevented employ­ geous" hats did. Four years later, Marion of New York and guest, Louise Vim of Korea. ment of married women in public offices Weston Cottle, the president from 1911 House of Delegates. Marguerite Rawalt. as well as their families, who could not or as teachers if the joint income of hus- to 1922, advised a "dignified street cos­ herself a distinguished lawyer and past afford legal services. NAWL member tume," with hat removed before address­ president of the Federal Bar Association, Ruth Lewinson of New York, also a ing the judge. In 1944, NAWL member was selected as the first NAWL delegate. National Director of American Women's Helen Carloss of Washington, D.C., relat­ The event in Chicago's convention center Voluntary Services, established Legal ed that the Supreme Court requires on March 29, 1943, was headlined by the Advice Bureaus throughout the country, Marguerite Rawalt either a dark suit with long sleeves or a American Bar Journal, "First Woman which were staffed by women lawyers. coat suit. She added that, "of course, Delegate is Seated in the House." The She reported at the end of 1942 that the women do nol wear their hals.. .l should Women Lawyers'Journal described with New York City bureau had already han­ not have supposed that women wore pride how the new delegate was escorted dled nearly 500 cases. In these and other hats in any court, but apparently there to the platform by ABA president George such agencies, the typical problems were are places where they do." Morris and other high officials.Judge marital status, citizenship, allotment Florence E. Allen was elected to serve as pay, taxes, preparation of wills for ser­ Into the Mainstream NAWL's second delegate in 1944. vicemen, and the inability to pay rent or In 1918 the first two women lawyers debt without a civilian income. were admitted to the American Bar Wartime Service Other volunteer work, unrelated to the Association. In 1939, NAWL announced As is well known, World War II created law, but in which many NAWL members that 37 women had been appointed to 54 an unprecedented demand for the talents took leadership positions, were disaster important positions in the ABA, many of of working women, including women relief committees, first aid detachments, the women being NAWL members. lawyers. The services of women lawyers War Council speakers' bureaus, War Formal recognition of NAWL and were needed in volunteer work, govern­ Loan drives, and the Red Cross Service women lawyers by the ABA was accom­ ment employment, and in the military. Corps. Members of the Queen's Bench, plished by NAWL president Marguerite The first call for women lawyers was the women lawyers association of San Rawalt in 1943, when NAWL became the for their work in servicemen's legal aid. Francisco, raised funds for seeing-eye tenth national legal organization to be an The legal aid societies, which in peace­ dogs for blinded servicemen. Affiliated Organization of the ABA. This time had served the indigent, expanded The rapid expansion of the govern­ Laura Miller Derry entitled NAWL to a seat in the ABA to serve the millions of men in uniform, ment, coupled with the loss of male civil-

22 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tnbute I SUMMER 1999 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute I SUMMER 1999 23 ian lawyers, created a demand for women lawyers in government work. The office A Century of Leadership of Defense Transportation and the legal The National Association of Women Lawyers began president, with some filling multiple terms. This list staffof the Treasury Department are two 100 years ago as the Women Lawyers Cluh in New York chronicles the history of president'i of the association, examples of government offices in which City. During that period, 69 women have served as beginning with its founding. women lawyers pursued legal careers. Finally-and most visibly-women Year Women Lawyers Club Year had their first opportunity to serve in the 1899-1911 ROSALIE LOEW 1960-61 REBECCA BOWLES HAWKINS, military. With the creation in 1943 of the National Association Alabama Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (later, of Women Lawyers 1961-62 ANNA BLUM, Wisconsin the WACS), followed by the Navy 1911-13 MARION WESTON COTTLE, 1962-63 DOROTHY ORSINI JONES, Arkansas WAVES and the Marine Corps Women's New York 1963-64 CATHERINE ANAGNOST, Illinois Reserve, women could serve in uniform. 1913-14 EDITH JULIA GRISWOLD, New York 1964-65 CATHERINE EDMONDSON, Women lawyers were considered espe­ 1914-15 JEAN NORRIS, New York District of Columbia cially suitable as officers. By the end of 1915-17 OLIVE STOTT GABRIEL, New York 1965-66 MATTIE BELLE DAVIS, Florida the war, approximately 150 NAWL mem­ bers were in military service, and more 1917-18 SARAH STEPHENSON, New York 1966-67 MARY LOUISE DEMARCO MCLEOD, Michigan than three quarters of them were officers, 1918-20 JEAN NORRIS, New York with ranks from lieutenant to major. Ten 1920-24 EMILIE BULLOWA, New York 1967-68 GRACE COX, New York percent of the pilots in the Army's Civil 1924·27 ROSE FALLS BRES, New York 1968-69 RUTH GENTRY TALLEY, Louisiana Air Patrol were women, among them for­ 1927-30 KATHERINE PIKE, District of Columbia 1969-70 JETTIE PIERCE SELVIG, California mer NAWL vice president Mary Francis. 1930-33 OLIVE STOTT GABRIEL, New York 1970-71 ADELE WEAVER, Florida Aiding the WACS in recruiting and pub­ and Oregon 1971-72 JEAN MCVEETY, Minnesota lic affairs was their Civilian Advisory BURNITA SHELTON MATTHEWS, 1972-73 NETTA BELL GIRARD, Wyoming Committee. Among its leaders were from around the world, and to participate 1934-35 District of Columbia NAWL members Reva Beck Bosone, the in meetings of National Observers at the 1973-74 HELEN VINEY PORTER, Illinois only woman judge in Utah, and Laura State Department. In December 1946, the 1935-38 PERCILLA LAWYER RANDOLPH, 1974-75 MARJORIE CHILDS. California California Miller Derry of Kentucky, president of NAWL convention in New York City 1975·76 KATHLEEN RYAN DACEY, Massachusetts 1938-39 LAURA BERRIEN, District of Columbia NAWL in 1945-46. NAWL members served honored the women members of the U.N. 1976-77 LEE BERGER ANDERSON, Maryland 1939-40 HELEN CIRESE, Illinois in WACS districts throughout the country. General Assembly. Among them were 1977-78 MARY ALICE DUFFY, Pennsylvania women lawyers from Poland, China, and 1940·41 FLORENCE THACKER BRADLEY, Indiana 1978·79 MIRIAM NEWMAN, New York Planning for Peace the Netherlands who spoke on the legal 1941·42 GERTRUDE HARRIS, Georgia 1979-80 SHEILA GALLAGHER, Alaska In May 1944, First Lady Eleanor status of women in their countries. 1942-43 MARGUERITE RAWALT, Roosevelt called a White House confer­ NAWL's commitment to women in the District of Columbia 1980·81 ANN LAKE, Massachusetts ence of 13 national leaders of women, post-war world was symbolized by the 1943-44 DAPHNE ROBERT LEEDS, Georgia 1981·82 MEREDITH SPARKS, Florida including NAWL president Daphne 1946 appointment of the chair of 1944-45 LULA BACHMAN, Michigan 1982-83 CLAIRE MORRISON, Michigan Robert, on the theme of women's post-war NAWL's Section on International Law, 1983-84 MAHALA ASHLEY DICKERSON, Alaska responsibility. The discussion centered Judge Dorothy Kenyon of New York, as 1945-46 LAURA MILLER DERRY, Kentucky on ways and means of having qualified U.S. Delegate to the U.N. Commission on 1946-47 ADELE SPRINGER, New York 1984-85 MARY JO CUSACK, Ohio women serve as U.S. representatives on the Status of Women. NAWL's intention and California 1985-86 VIRGINIA MUELLER, California national and international boards. This to build bridges of cooperation beyond 1947-49 CHARLOTTE GAUER, Illinois 1986-87 IRENE REDSTONE, Florida led to an expanded meeting in June, at the borders of the United States is also 1949-50 ELEANOR MARCH MOODY, 1987-88 SYLVIA MARKS-BARNETT, Oklahoma Massachusetts which 75 women's organizations were found in the action of NAWL president 1988-89 LEONA BEANE, New York represented, and at which NAWL member Adele I. Springer, who enrolled NAWL 1950-51 J. HELEN SLOUGH, Ohio 1989-90 GAIL MCKNIGHT BECKMAN, Georgia Lucy S. Howarth shared the speakers' as a member of the new International 1951-52 MARY ZIMMERMAN, Michigan platform with Congresswoman Margaret Bar Association at its 1947 charter meet­ 1990-91 JEANNE SCHUBERT BARNUM, 1952-53 DOROTHEA BENDER, Illinois Pennsylvania Chase Smith, Secretary of Labor Frances ing in New York. Perkins, and distinguished others. At 1954-55 DIANA AUGER, Massachusetts 1991-92 JANIS BLOUGH, Michigan NAWL, the meeting resulted in a cam­ Fifty plus Fifty 1955-56 VICTORIA GILBERT. Kentucky 1992·93 VERONICA BODA. Pennsylvania paign to propose qualified members for NAWL celebrated its golden anniversary in 1956-57 NEVA TALLEY, Arkansas 1993-94 FAITH DRISCOLL, Massachusetts such appointments. 1949 with gala affairs at its annual meeting 1957-58 GRACE DOERING, Ohio 1994-96 MYRNA RAEDER, California At the end of the war, NAWT. was one in St. Louis, and soon NAWL will com­ 1958-59 NINA MIGLIONICO, Alabama 1996-97 SALLY LEE FOLEY, Michigan of the organizations accredited by the plete its second half-century of service. 1959-60 MAURINE ABERNATHY, 1997-98 JANICE SPEROW, California State Department as an official observer at In the continuation of this centennial District of Columbia the new United Nations. This immediate­ review, to be published in the Winter 1998·99 SUSAN FOX GILLIS, Illinois ly gave NAWL members the opportunity 1999 issue, we will tum our attention to to meet with women lawyers and others the NAWL of today. •

24 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute/ SUMMER 1999 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute/ SUMMER 1999 25 THE CENTENNIAL OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN LAWYERS

Virginia S.Mueller, president in 1985-86, has been a continuing advocate for international human rights and an international liaison for NAWL. As chair of the ABA International Courts Committee in the 1970s, she secured ABA endorsement of the Genocide and Racial Discrimination Conventions. Working for U.S.adoption of CEDAW is one of her current projects. She chairs the International Committee of the ABA Senior Lawyers Division. Eva Herzer, chair of NAWL's , earliest decades marked the entrance of women Council member. In 195 2, she repre­ International Law Committee, has AWL slawyers into the life of the organized legal sented NAWL in the House of Deputies observed the U.N. Commission on the N of the International Bar Association at Status of Women since 1994, and in 1995 profession. NAWL's second half-century has demonstrated the their meeting in Madrid. She also repre­ represented NAWL at the U.N. Fourth increasing role of women lawyers in the profession and society. Now sented NAWL in Istanbul at the 1952 World Conference on Women in Beijing. let us review a few highlights of the association's recent decades. meeting of the International Federation of Women Lawyers, of which she was Legal Status of Women U.S.vice-president. NAWL has contin­ In 1935, NAWL was one of the first NAWL and the Wor1d ued to participate in these and other national organizations to endorse the NA\VL has been a constant participant in the international arena. organizations. proposed Equal Rights Amendment to In 1950, NAWL member Agatha La Londe spoke before the Senate Foreign Relations Under the presidency of Helen Viney the Constitution, first introduced in Committee on behalf of "women lawyers from all states of the Union" to convey Porter, NAWL presented a program at Congress in 1923.Passage of the ERA NAWL's unanimous resolution urging adoption of the U.N. Genocide Convention.In the 1974 IBA meeting in Vancouver on was high priority for NAWL in 1953 and 1989, the NAWL Assembly endorsed the U.N. Convention on the Elimination of All economic and legal policies affecting again in 1959. In 1960, letters were sent Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), and in 1994, NAWL member women.In preparation for International to every senator urging passage. When Frances Scanlon told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, "It is never too late to Women's Year in 1975, the IBA Council Congress finally passed the amendment do the right thing .. passed a NAWL-sponsored resolution in 1972, the campaign for ratification by Mary H.Zimmerman, president in 1951-52, represented NAWL at the 1951 Inter· urging each country's bar to work to the states became NAWL's major project American Bar Association meeting in Montevideo, Uruguay, where she became a remove legal inequities based on sex. for the following decade.

By Selma Moidel Smith

26 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute/ SUMMER 1999 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute/ SUMMER 1999 27 Past president Marguerite Rawalt, The Unifonn Divorce Bill appointed in 1961 by President Kennedy "The greatest project NAWL has ever to the President's Commission on the undertaken" is the description given by Status of Women, spearheaded the cam­ committee chair Matilda Fenberg to paign. In concert with other women's NAWL's pioneering work to create a organizations, NAWL members lobbied Uniform Divorce Bill. At the 1947 NAWL their legislators. In 1974, the Women convention in Cleveland, it was voted to LawyersJournal carried a comprehensive draft and promote a bill that would review of the need for the ERA written embody the ideal of no-fault divorce. A by Ruth Bader Ginsburg, then the first draft prepared by Fenberg, working with tenured woman law professor at NAWL past presidents Helen M. Cirese Columbia University, and in 1993 the and J. Helen Slough, was approved at the second woman to sit on the U.S. 1952 convention in Berkeley, Calif. Supreme Court. Although the National Conference of The failure of the ERA in 1982 was met Commissioners of Uniform State Laws by Rawalt's, "The ERA will rise again." It had attempted to produce such a bill was also tempered by the success of since its founding in 1892, Fenberg was NAWL's work for specific civil rights. An informed that the conference could example is the goal of "equal pay for receive bills or suggestions only from the Virginia Mueller equal work" (prior to the current concept ABA. Fenberg-who had been the first of "comparable worth"). As of 1953, only woman student at Yale Law School in 13 states had Equal Pay laws. In the 1919-then undertook a campaign to knowledge that the goal of an ERA would convince the ABA to create a Family not soon be accomplished, NAWL pro­ Law Section. Three years later, in 1955, moted Equal Pay laws. NAWL worked the Section was approved. Fenberg was with the National Committee for Equal appointed chair of the Subcommittee on Pay, and in 1963, Congress was persuaded Migratory Divorce. In 1960 the bill was to pass the "Equal Pay for Women" bill. introduced to the ABA, which sent it to Mattie Belle Davis When the bill became effective in 1964, the conference. NAWL attended the celebration given by In 1965, the conference commenced President Johnson at the White House. the task of drafting, and in 1970 pro­ duced, the Uniform Marriage and NAWL Dedication of Hulett memorial by the Women Lawyers of San Diego County commemorating Alta M. Divorce Act (amended in 1971 and Hulett, the first woman to be admitted to law practice under an enabling statute, October 24, 1957. was one 1973). By 1977, the divorce portions had been adopted by nine states. Following of the first this, the momentum for uniformity the 2000 attendees at the White House elected to the Board of the National waned, but the ideal of no-fault divorce Conference held to observe U.N. Safety Council and helped to create their national became the guiding principle for reform International Cooperation Year. The Hon. now-famous Defensive Driving Courses. organizations of divorce laws in the majority of states. Sarah T. Hughes, distinguished NAWL Among her many honors was the cre­ member from Texas, was prominent ation in 1987 of the Judge Mattie Belle to endorse A Year in the Life ... among those serving on committees. Davis Award to be given annually to the the proposed What activities does the NAWL year The midyear meeting ofNAWL was Floridian who contributes most signifi­ include? The year 1965-66 was both a held in Chicago in February 1966, and cantly to the advancement of women in Equal Rights typical year and a year of special events. regional meetings were held during the the legal profession. In the same year, the Amendment. In September 1965, the Washington year in Seattle, Boston, and San Francisco. Fellows of the American Bar Foundation World Conference on World Peace In August, the 67th annual meeting was honored Judge Davis with an award rec­ Juanita Kidd Stout Through Law was attended by more than held in Montreal. Each of these included ognizing her 50 years in the law. In 3,000 judges and lawyers from 118 coun­ panels and presentations on legal topics of November 1998, she was inducted into tries. This included a delegation of 17 concern to women lawyers. Florida's Hall of Fame by Gov. Lawton NAWL members headed by the Hon. During the year, Judge Davis-the only Chiles. She is presently vice-chair of the Mattie Belle Davis, president, and Mary woman on the Metropolitan Court of ABA/SLD Judiciary Committee. Louise DeMarco McLeod, president-elect. Dade County-represented NAWL at NAWL's northeastern regional director, conferences throughout the country, Issues and Education Mildred E. Bixby, and four other mem­ including those of the State Department A primary goal of NAWL is to provide its bers served on committees. on Foreign Policy and the National members with timely educational pro­ In November, Judge Davis and other Commission on the Status of Women. In grams. The following are examples from Katherine Henry leading members of NAWL were among her own field of expertise, Davis was recent decades.

28 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute/ SUMMER 1999 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute/ SUMMER 1999 29 In 1965, a Conference on the Legal military prep schools. The program was judge to administer the oath of office to Status of Women at Harvard University moderated by Professor M. Isabel Medina a President when, immediately follow­ was co-sponsored by NAWL, the and was published in the Loyola of New ing Kennedy's assassination, she was Department of Labor, and the stale and Orleans Law Review. called to President Johnson's airplane local bar associations, both general and The Women La"'}'ers Journal has been in Dallas. women's. The theme, "Are Marital Rights NAWL's vehicle for sharing topical dis­ Long before the appointment of in Balance?" encompassed a cmnprehen­ cussions with members at a distance. women to the U.S. Supreme Court sive review of social and economic rights Veronica C. Boda received NAWL's became a national issue in the 1980s, in varying U.S. jurisdictions. One topic­ Distinguished Service Award in 1996 for NAWL had begun to lobby for such an the use of inter vivos trusts by husbands her work as president in 1992-93, fol­ appointment. In 1957, NAWL President to deprive wives of a share of assets-has lowed by four years as editor of the Neva B. Talley met with Atty. Gen. reemerged as a leading issue in relation Journal. As president, and as editor, she Herbert Brownell, Jr. and Deputy Atty. to "off-shore trusts" in the 1990s. highlighted emerging issues, such as dis· Gen. William Rogers to urge that In 1977, the annual meeting in Chicago crimination in health care, for the educa­ President Eisenhower nominate Judge was addressed by Elizabeth Hanford Dole tion of NAWL members and other Florence E. Allen. Then in 1964, of the Federal Trade Commission on the women's organizations. NAWL's Committee on Women in Public subject, "Enforcement of the Equal Credit NAWL's commitment to the women Service urged President Johnson to Opportunity Act." In 1979, NAWL panel lawyers of tomorrow is expressed by its appoint Justice Lockwood or Judge discussions in Dallas included the top· Outstanding Law Student program. Hughes to the next vacancyA on the ics, "Effective Participation in Bar Originated by Gail McKnight Beckman, Supreme Court. In 1981, NWL was Associations" and "Time and Career president in 1989-90, it recognizes annu­ among the first to lobby President Management." ally the outstanding woman law graduate Reagan to honor his campaign promise Veronica Boda In 1982, NAWL, the Florida of each ABA-approved law school. In to appoint a woman justice. Association forWomen Lawyers, and addition to academic achievement, the Mahala Ashley Dickerson By 1979, the number of American FAWL's Dade County Chapter sponsored criteria for selection include their work­ women judges had increased sufficiently a seminar entitled "Networking," which ing to improve the position of women in that the National Association of Women included among the speakers Samuel S. society and promoting the goals of Women, which was given each year for Judges was formed. NAWJ president and Smith, president of the Florida bar. women in the legal profession.Ninety· the following decade to a student select­ founder Joan Dempsey Klein, Presiding In 1994, the annual meeting in New eight women were selected by their law ed by a committee of distinguished Justice of the Court of Appeal of Orleans featured a panel discussion on schools in 1998 to receive the NAWL NAWLmembers, including Judges California, was the keynote speaker at "Single Sex Education and the Law," on Outstanding Law Student Award. Hughes and Motley. Judge Motley's auto­ the 1982 NAWL annual meeting in San the attempt by women for admission to biography, Equal Justice Under Law Francisco. She emphasized that "a high The Mansfield Centennial (1998), highlights her appointment in correlation exists in California and other In 1969, NAWL celebrated the 100th 1966 by President Johnson as the first states between well-organized women anniversarv of the achievement of African-American woman to be named lawyers' groups and the number of Arabella B�bb Mansfield of Iowa. She to a federal court. women on the Bench." had become the first woman to be admit­ Long-time NAWL member, Juanita ted to any state bar. To the Bench Kidd Stout, was honored in 1988 with Professor Louis A. Haselmayer of The promotion of qualified women her appointment to the Supreme Court Constance Baker Motley Mansfield's alma mater, Iowa Wesleyan lawyers for judicial office has been an of Pennsylvania, becoming the first College, researched and prepared a biog· essential NAWL activity. NAWL pub­ African-American woman to serve on a raphy that appeared in the Spring 1969 lished surveys of women in public office state's highest court. Her appointment by issue of the Women La"'}'ersJournal. The in 1953 and again in 1961 to document Governor Robert Casey was confirmed June commencement program at the col· both the progress and the scarcity of unanimously by the state senate. NAWL lege was devoted to honoring Mansfield women judges. had honored Stout in 1965 for her work and American women lawyers. NAWL In the 1960s, NAWL noted two judicial with juveniles. In 1988, the Philadelphia president Ruth Gentry Talley was chosen firsts for women: NAWL member Lorna Inquirer profiled her as "A Justice of as commencement speaker, and honorary E. Lockwood was the first woman to be Quality," and she was the National doctorates were awarded to U.S. District elected to the Arizona Supreme Court, Association of Women Judges' Honoree Sally Lee Foley Court judges Sarah T. Hughes and and in 1965 she was chosen by her fel­ of the Year. Constance Baker Motley, both of them low justices to be chief justice, becoming A survey article in the September NAWL members. President Nixon sent a the first woman chief justice of any state. 1994 Women Lo"'}'ers Journal featured letter to NAWL president Talley at the In 1961, President Kennedy appointed the careers of the 12 women who had site in Iowa, joining in the celebration of the Hon. Sarah T. Hughes to the United served as state chief justices. The article this event. States District Court, as his first also pointed out that 24 percent of The college then created the appointment of a woman to a federal American lawyers were women, but that Susan Fox Gillis Mansfield Scholarship for Pre-Law judgeship. She became the first woman only 9 percent of judges were women.

30 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute/ SUMMER 1999 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute/ SUMMER 1999 31 NAWL and Society the first woman elected to the ABA Women Judges and the National presently serves as chair of the ABA NAWL has presented American women Assembly. She was elected by acclama­ Conference of Women's Bar Associations. Section of Criminal Justice, and is a fre­ lawyers to American society. tion to fill a vacancy during theNew York In 1995, Roberta Cooper Ramo became quent media commentator on legal issues. When the American Thrift Assembly and London ABA convention of 1957. As the first woman president of the ABA. Under the leadership of Sally Lee In 1918 determined in 1956 to remedy the lack of president of NAWL, she was given every A link was created in 1996 between Foley, president in 1996-97, NAWL retirement accounts for the self­ honor, both professional and social, NAWL and the ABA Senior Lawyers member Rebecca A. Speer authored a the first employed, the only representative of including attendance at the Queen's gar­ Division. At the request of Victor Futter, series of articles on the "Legal women on their 15-member board was den party. She and NAWL were also then chair, a liaison to the Division was Implications of Workplace Violence," two women NAWLPresident Neva B. Talley, fol­ much publicized for her marriage, while appointed by Sally Lee Foley, incoming and presented the first of several confer­ lawyers were lowed by her successors, until eventual in London, to pioneer aviator Jack president ofNAWL. Futter's sensitivity ences on the subject atNAWL's 1997 passage of the Jenkins-Keogh Act. McCord. A highlight of the concurrent to women's issues was demonstrated annual meeting in San Francisco. At that admitted When President Eisenhower proclaimed NAWL convention was an address by when he initiated the SLD Diversity meeting, Foley also presented the to the ABA. May 1 as Law Day USA,NAWL past pres­ Judge Rose Heilbron, who had recently Committee in 1995, appointing Judge OutstandingNAWL Member of 1997 ident Adele I. Springer planned extensive become the first woman judge in England. Parker as its first chair. Award to Gloria Allred for her work on Law Day celebrations, commencing in In 1979, ABA President S. Shepherd Both NAWL and the ABA Commission behalf of women's rights. Foley contin­ 1960. These included essay, court motto Tate addressed the NAWL convention in on Women in the Profession have recog­ ues her commitment as an international and song contests with celebrity judges Dallas, saying, "I am committed to bring­ nized the value of awards in bringing liaison forNAWL. Raymond Burr and Gail Patrick Johnson, ing women into leadership positions in public attention to achievements of In 1998, the range ofNAWL's concerns star and producer, respectively, of the the organized bar." He informed his audi­ women lawyers: was evidenced by the women chosen to popular PerryMason TV show. ence that he had significantly increased On two occasions, the Commission's receive awards. Janice L. Sperow, presi­ In 1965,NAWL member Edwina Austin the number of women appointees to Margaret Brent Award has been given to a dent from 1997-98, gave NAWL's Arabella Myrna Raeder Avery marked 20 years of service repre­ important positions on ABA committees, past president ofNAWL. In 1995, the Babb Mansfield Award to Judge Ilana senting NAWL at the National Conference and that his successor, Leonard Janofsky, Brent Award was won by Mahala Ashley Diamond Rovner of the U.S. Court of on Citizenship, which brought together was committed to ensuring the presence Dickerson, the first African-American pres­ Appeals in recognition of her distin­ 600 organizations each year in of women on every ABA committee by ident of NAWL in 1983-84, whose autobi­ guished career on the bench. Dianna Washington, D.C. In 1976, NAWL presi­ 1980. Tate concluded by commending ography, DelayedJustice For Sale was Kempe of Bermuda, U10 first woman nom­ dent Kathleen Ryan Dacey and president­ NAWL for promoting the role of women published in 1998 in Anchorage. She had inee-apparent for the presidency of the elect Lee Berger Anderson were invited lawyers in the profession. been the first African-American woman IBA, was honored for her professional by Chief Justice Warren Burger and the To further this objective, the 1986 lawyer in her native Alabama, later achievements. Also during 1998, Sperow ABA to attend the National Conference in midyear meeting of the ABA House of becoming a homesteader in Alaska, and honored the two women senators from St. Paul on the Causes of Popular Delegates in Baltimore unanimously that state's first African-American lawyer. California: Barbara Boxer received the Dissatisfaction with the Administration of adopted the ABA's ninth goal: "To In 1996, the Brent Award was given to President's Award for the Advancement of Justice, an event honoring the 70th Promote Full and Equal Participation in Nina Miglionico, a pioneer woman lawyer Women, recognizing her work as author anniversary of Roscoe Pound's address to the Profession by Minorities and in Alabama, noted for her service as a of the 1994 Violence Against Women Act, the ABA on that subject. Women." The result was the creation in dynamic president ofNAWL in 1958-59. and Diane Feinstein was given the First Lady Pat Nixon received NAWL 1987 of the ABA Commission on Women In 1997, Martha W. Barnett, a long­ President's Award for Lifetime Service. members in 1969 at a White House Tea in the Profession, chaired by Hillary time member of NAWL, became the first Susan Fox Gillis of Chicago is the Janice Sperow organized by past president Maurine Rodham Clinton. Its first act was to solic­ recipient of NAWL's highest honor, the current president for 1998-99. Her suc· Martha Barnett Howard Abernathy and president Jettie it testimony on the situation of women Arabella Babb Mansfield Award. Barnett cessor will be Katherine J. Henry of Pierce Selvig. In 1972, President Nixon lawyers, and NAWL President Sylvia was the first woman to serve on the ABA Washington, D.C., for 1999-2000. Gillis praised NAWL's selection of NettaBell Marks-Barnett responded with a state­ Board of Governors, and she is now the reflects on the "impressive accomplish­ Girard Larson as president, saying she ment describing the difficulties faced by unopposed candidate to serve as presi­ ments of the pioneer women of the "brings great distinction to my women lawyers and extended NAWL's dent of the ABA in 2000-01. legal profession," saying, Administration as Chief of the Legal cooperation in addressing them. By 1985, "It is important today that we remember Section of Interstate Land Sales in the NAWL was already granting membership The NAWL of Today ... their sacrifices. Each of us must continue their good works, so that the profession and Department of Housing and Urban to male applicants in the profession. In the years immediately preceding the world will be better places for the future Development." He congratulated NAWL For decades,NAWL was the voice for NAWL's centennial, the organization has generations of women in the profession." on its achievements and promised "equal organized women lawyers in the ABA displayed a youthful vigor coupled with participation of women in public office." House of Delegates. The Hon. Mattie maturity of purpose. ... and Tomorrow Belle Davis represented NAWL for 12 Myrna S. Raeder, who served as presi­ The century that began in 1899 with the NAWL and the ABA years between 1967 and 1981. At pre­ dent for two terms from 1994 to 1996, election of NAWL's first president, The role of women in the ABA has sent,NAWL's delegate is the Hon. Mary promised a "rededication to policy Rosalie Loew, has seen the advance­

grown steadily since the first women S. Parker of Los Angeles, now serving her issues: domestic violence, health care, ment of women lawyers from the members were admitted in 1918, and second two-year term. In 1991,NAWL gender bias, quality of life for women and periphery to the mainstream. With a NAWL's delegate was seated in the House welcomed the addition of two more voic­ children of this country and the world." nod to the past-and its face to the of Delegates in 1943. es for women in the ABA House of Raeder, who is a professor of law at future-NAWL now commences its cen­ NAWL President Grace B. Doering was Delegates: the National Association of Southwestern University in Los Angeles, tennial celebrations. •

32 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute/ SUMMER 1999 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute/ SUMMER 1999 33 CONGRATULATIONS to the National Association of Women Lav,yers Which has been a defender and promoter of lawyers' rights and responsibilities for 100 years. Best wishes as NAWL begins its next century.

Judge Kenneth L. Gillis (Ret.J

CALIFORNIA WOMEN LAWYERS

cong ratu ates CALIFORNIA I WOMEN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION LAWYERS OF WOMEN LAWYERS on their CENTENNIAL 1899 to 1999 We hereby recognize the California women who served as presidents of NAWL: 1935-38 Percilla L. Randolph 1946-47 Adele I. Springer 1969-70 Jettie Pierce Selvig 1974-75 Marjorie M. Childs 1985-86 Virginia S. Mueller 1994-96 Myrna S. Raeder 1997-98 Janice L. Sperow

34 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL Centennial Tribute/ SUMMER 1999 Twojudges will receive honors during annual meeting tor pioneering work NAWL will salute two as a champion in the courts not General of Georgia and as an Assistant of Georgia's firstladies of the only for the basic legal rights U.S. Attorney, was appointed to the State law during its centennial cele­ of minorities and women, but Court of Fulton County in 1977 and the bration luncheons in Atlanta, also for according proper re­ Court of Appeals in 1984. Judge Beasley Aug. 6 and 7. spect to minority and female served on the Court of Appeals for 14 Judge Phyllis A. Krav­ parties and witnesses. On the years and was its chief judge in 1995-96. itch of the 11th U.S. Court of Chatham County Board of Ed­ JULY MARKS her new role with Appeals will be presented the ucation from1949-55, she was the National Center for State Courts, 1999 Arabella Babb Mans­ instrumental in eliminating which serves as a clearinghouse of state fieldA ward on Friday and the sex- and race-based salary dis­ court informationand best practices. The Hon. Dorothy Toth Beasley, crepancies and the use of sub­ international programs provide leader­ retired presiding judge of the standard buildings for minori­ ship in seeking innovative solutions to Georgia Court of Appeals, Judge Kravitch ty schools. justice system problems internationally, will receive the 1999 Presi­ In 1975 Judge Kravitch as well as to facilitatenetworking and in­ dent's Centennial Award for was elected the first woman formation sharing among international Excellence on Saturday. president of the Savannah Bar justice officials. She is uniquely suited The Arabella Babb Association. In 1976 she was for such a role, having served as a mem­ MansfieldAward is presented elected the first woman Supe­ ber of the Board of Directors of both the by NA WL to an outstanding rior Court Judge in Georgia, National Center and the American Judi­ individual in recognition of paving the way for the subse­ cature Society and been involved in in­ professional success, positive quent appointment of other ternational activities since she first influence,and valuable contri­ women to judicial positions in worked at the U.S. State Department in bution to women in the law the state. Prior to her appoint­ the early 1960s. In recent years, she has and in society. The highest ment to the federal bench, served as a consultant and judicial educa­ honor awarded by the Associ­ Judge Kravitch was active in tor in Albania and forjudges fromBrazil, ation, the silver cup commem­ establishing the Savannah reviewed draft laws and constitutions for orates the first American Judge Beasley Area Family Emergency the ABA Central and Eastern European woman admitted to a state bar (SAFE) shelter for battered Law Initiative (CEELI), frequently wel­ in the United States (Iowa; 1869). The women and the Savannah Rape Crisis coming foreignjudicial and legal visitors President's Award for Excellence is pre­ Center, and assisted the Georgia Legisla­ fromaround the world. sented by the NAWL president in recog­ ture in revising family, juvenile and child Both luncheons will be in the nition of special accomplishments by in­ abuse laws and statutes that were not Crown Room, 27th floor of the Sheraton dividuals and by law firms which gender neutral. Colony Square in Atlanta. contribute to the well-being of women in JUDGE BEASLEY is the new ex­ the legal professionor society in general. ecutive director for International Pro­ During this centennial year for NA WL, grams at the National Center for State this award talceson a special significance Courtsin Washington, D.C. She was the as members celebrate 100 years of ser­ first woman appointed to serve on the vice and look forwardto a new millenni- Georgia Court of Appeals, and according um. to NA WL member Kacy Claire Eaves of JUDGE KRAVITCH is the first Ohio, one of several members who nom­ woman to be appointed a federal judge in inated the former judge for the award, the Southeast and the third woman ap­ she "continues to serve as a beacon of in­ pointed as a U.S. Circuit Court Judge in spiration and support to women across the country. Her 1979 appointment Georgia, and now around the world, capped a long career dedicated to the through her work as a lawyer, judge, struggle to achieve equal rights for mentor, teacher, counselor and role women and minorities in the deep South. model." A founding leader of Georgia Her own struggle began at the Universi­ Women on the Run, a bipartisan effortto ty of Pennsylvania Law School in 1943 encourage women to become candidates when, despite being a law review editor, forelective office, Ms. Beasley is also an she was rejected for several federal and active supporter of the Georgia Associa­ U.S. Supreme Court clerkships and law tion forWomen Lawyers and is noted for firm positions because of her sex. She her rousing support of women law stu­ pursued a trial practice in Savannah at a dents. time when Georgia had no female AFTER CLERKING for the three judges, no women on juries and few fe­ circuit court judges in Arlington County, male lawyers. Her practice included de­ Virginia, Dorothy Toth Beasley prac­ fending indigents in criminal cases and ticed law in Arlington and then in At­ many civil rights suits, winning a name lanta, served as an Assistant Attorney

[NOTE: for correction of transposed photo caption names, see next issue, 85:3 ( Fall 1999), page 16.] WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 35 MEMBER NEWS Honors, career moves on agenda The University of Wyoming Out­ NA WL InternationalLaw Commit­ standing Law Student for 1998, Pam tee chair Eva Herzer was featured At 10 a.m. June 25, Edith Osman Brondos, is working with the recently speaker at the Alameda County Bar As­ was installed as president of The Florida formedattorney section of the Wyoming sociation's brown-bag lunch May 4 in Bar. Two hours and fifteenminutes later, Coalition Against Domestic Violence Oakland, Calif. The room was filled to Jeanmarie Whalen of Palm Beach Gar­ and living in Casper. capacity as Ms. Herzer provided an dens was installed by Florida Supreme overview and report from the trenches at Court Justice Barbara Pariente as presi­ Illinois Appellate Court Justice the U.N. on "The Enforcement of Wom­ dent of the Florida Association for Anne Marie Burke has been elected to en's Rights Under International Law." Women Lawyers, during a joint annual DePaul University's Board of Trustees. The program, presented by the ACBA meeting. Justice Burke earned her bachelor's de­ Gender Equity Committee, was co-spon­ . . . gree from DePaul's School for New sored by NAWL. The ALI-ABA Committee on Con­ Learning in 1976 and her J.D. from tinuing Professional Education was so Chicago-Kent College of Law in 1983. Dixie Lee Laswell of Seyfarth impressed with Christa Manzi She began her career as a Chicago Park Shaw in Chicago is currently serving as Schacht's review of From LawSchool to District teacher and consultant from vice chair of the ABA Law Practice Law Practice in the spring issue of our 1965 to 1970, co-founding the Chicago Management Section and has been ap­ journal that it requested permission to Special Olympics in 1968. After rearing pointed to the Chicago InternationalDis­ reprint the article in its monthly newslet­ children and attending college, she start­ pute Resolution Association panel. Her ter mailed to 60,000 lawyers. ed a private law practice (1983-94). She Y2K article was published in the Decem­ . . . served as an Illinois Court of Claims ber 1998 issue of Environmental Protec­ Lee A. Webb, the University of judge from 1987 until 1994, when Gov. tion Magazine. Louisville 1997 Outstanding Law Stu­ James Edgar appointed her special coun­ • • • dent, moved from Prestonsburg to Lex­ sel to the Illinois Department of Children Lynn M. Luker is the senior part­ ington. Ms. Webb has been serving as and Family Services. In 1995, she was ner in the new firm of Luker, Sibal & law clerk to Justice Janet L. Stumbo of appointed to the Illinois Appellate Court McMurtray in New Orleans. the Supreme Court of Kentucky. and was elected to the court in 1996 • • • . . . NAWL member Leslie Anne Moved: Rebecca D. Kleinman to As NAWL collects the histories of Miller is the 1999 recipient of the Anne Kleinman & Associates, San Francisco. American women lawyers in this centen­ X. AlpernAward presented by the Penn­ nial year, a welcome addition has been sylvania Bar Association Commission on provided by attorney Frances H. Del Women in the Profession. The award, Duca of Carlisle, Pa. Volume 14, Num­ which is named for the first woman to ber 1 of the Cumberland CountyHistory, serve as a state attorney general in the published by the county's historical soci­ U.S. (1959) and the first woman appel­ ety, includes her article, "Ida G. Kast, late judge of the Pennsylvania Supreme Cumberland County's First Woman At­ Court, annually recognizes a female at­ torney." On August 1, 1893, Ms. Kast, of torney in Pennsylvania who has been an Mechanicsburg, Pa., petitioned the outstanding legal professional and men­ Board of Examiners forLaw Students for tor forother attorneys. Ms. Miller is im­ her preliminary exam. Her application mediate past president of the Pennsylva­ was refused on Sept. 11 and again on nia Bar Association-the first woman to Oct. 10, but she successfully appealed, serve in that capacity in the 104-year his­ receiving a favorable decision from the tory of the PBA. Ms. Miller also served court on March 15, 1894. She practiced as the first woman chair of the PBA law for 55 years-for many as the only House of Delegates and the PBA Young woman lawyer in the county--dying in Lawyers Division. She is a shareholder 1951 at the age of 79. in the Philadelphia firm of McKissock & Hoffman, where she concentrates in the Chicago attorney Sharon L. Eis­ defense of professional malpractice man was installed as president of the claims and appellate practice. A histori­ Women's Bar Association of Illinois cal footnote: the Hon. Genevieve Blatt during its annual dinner, June 3. Ms. Eis­ was the first recipient of this award, man attended the 1998 midyear meeting which was established in 1994. Judge in Nashville and was a panelist on the Blatt, the first woman on the Common­ workplace violence seminar NAWL pre­ wealth Court, was a member of NAWL sented. for more than 50 years. • • • Mary P. Gaston, Gonzaga Univer­ Jenny R. Mullennix, the 1998 Out­ sity Outstanding Law Student for 1997, standing Law Student for Valparaiso is with the firm of Perkins Coie in University, is pleased to report that she Spokane, Wash. passed the Colorado bar this winter and has a new address in Denver.

36 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 Law student debt heavier burden Debt for law students has spiraled into the danger zone, according to The National Jurist, the national magazine for law students. The article in the March/April 1999 issue details how the debt-to-income ratio for law graduates who financed their education through loans has risen rapidly in this decade, in­ creasing the risk of default. "We came up with some surprising results," said publisher Jack Crittenden. "Graduates from certain law schools are doing much better than others, and some are in tough financial situations. Since tuition has outpaced inflation so dramat­ ically, new graduates in many areas can face crushing debt." Based on sources from major lend­ ing institutions and law schools, the arti­ cle profiles how the steady rise in tuition costs and regional cost-of-living expens­ es have played roles in boosting the na­ tional average debt-to-income level. It also explains how the average law school graduate's standard of living has plum­ meted 33% since 1987. The editors crunched numbers to find how much disposable income law school graduates have left after subtract­ ing an average loan payment and region­ al living expenses. The challenges facing new lawyers who want to work in public interest is especially daunting given the salaries, 25% said their monthly student increases in borrowing to not only rising lower salaries compared to private prac­ loan payments used up over 20% of their tuition costs, but also less availability of tice. monthly income, and 63% of borrowers grant aid, increased eligibility forfederal In a 1998 National Student Loan reported significant burden from their loans beginning in 1992, a larger per­ Survey conducted by Nellie Mae, the student loans. Law students in particular centage of older "independent" students country's largest nonprofit provider of were cited in the Nellie Mae survey for who have little familyfinancial help, and student loans, 40% of those who studied debt levels so high that their relatively starting salaries that have not yet come medicine, law or business had student high starting salaries seemed inadequate. up fromthe wage stabilization that began loan debt levels exceeding their current The Nellie Mae survey attributed with the early 1990s recession. Clerking can add valuable NAWLnames new executive director experience, study says Lisa L. Smith, soon to be the new She has worked in administrative Law school students considering NA WL executive director, describes and support positions at Seattle law whether to pursue a law office clerkship herself as a feminist and drip-dry na­ firmsfor 10 years. Her nascent interest should take note of a nationwide survey tive of Seattle. She begins work later in multimedia and the digital revolu­ which shows it can significantlyenhance this summer. tion should dovetail with incoming their career prospects. She became smitten with the NA WL president Katherine Henry's According to the poll, 90 percent of field of anthropology as an undergrad­ aim to apply technology to NA WL's attorneys say experience gained through uate. After gaining her BA in cultural operations and communications. professionalinternships is valuable when anthropology at the University of Ms. Smith's time will be divided assessing candidates for full-time posi­ Washington (with a focus on African between advancing the goals of tions. More than half of respondents-56 studies), she opted for the best and NA WL and working as a news intern percent-rated it very valuable. headed for the University of Chicago, at WBEZ radio in Chicago. She suc­ The survey was developed by The where she earned her Master's in So­ ceeds Peggy L. Golden, who resigned Affiliates, a staffing service specializing cial Science in 1997. Although her re­ after five years as exectuive director. in project attorneys and legal support lationship with anthropology is now During that time she worked with offi­ personnel. It was conducted by an inde­ merely platonic, her connection with cers to improve NA WL finances and pendent research firm and included re­ Chicago remains passionate. to increase membership. sponses from 200 attorneys.

WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 37 Coalition seeks The 1999 NAWL contraceptive coverage The National Women's Law Cen­ ter, on behalf of a coalition of more than 60 civil rights, health, religious, wom­ en's, and employee organizations, has opened a new front in the campaign to secure health insurance coverage for pre­ scription contraceptives. These organizations, led by the They are among the brightest and Drake University Law School Center, have joined to urge the Equal the best. These outstanding law Kelly J. Poff Employment Opportunity Commission graduates have been selected by their Duke University School of Law (EEOC) to issue policy guidance advis­ schools to receive the NAWL DeAnn Richardson ing that it is unlawful sex discrimination, Outstanding Law Student Award for under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1999. Duquesne University Law School 1964, for an employer covered by Title The criteria moves beyond Janette S. Joseph VII to exclude prescription contracep­ academic achievement to acknowledge Emory University School of Law tives from insurance coverage provided personal achievement-the work already Cameron N. Welborn to its employees, when other prescription accomplished to improve the position of Fordham University School of Law drugs and devices are covered. Contra­ women in society as well as to promote ception is a critical component of health Kathrine Florin Geller care for women and an important con­ the concerns of women in the legal profession. And it was done with a Georgetown University Law Center tributor to maternaland child health, and Meghan Faux no different from many other prescrip­ motivation, tenacity and enthusiasm that tion drugs routinely covered by employ­ inspired their peers and their law Georgia State University College of Law er, the groups contend .. professors. Nancy C. Greenwood "This action ch�llenges the inherent NAWL is for women who want to Indiana University School of Law­ sex discrimination in the one-half of change the world and for the men who Indianapolis large-group insurance plans that do not want to help them. We salute these Shelley Baumgart dedicated law graduates-and encourage routinely cover prescription contracep­ Inter American University of Puerto tive drugs and devices," said Marcia D. them to continue making a difference. Rico School of Law Greenberger, the center's co-president. "We all saw how quickly employers' in­ American University Washington Betsy Asencio Quiles surance plans covered Viagra. Amazing­ College of Law Loyola Law School, Los Angeles ly, though, far too many of these same Monica G. Hobbs Margaret P. Stevens employers neglect women's basic health Boston University School of Law Loyola University Chicago care needs by failing to cover prescrip­ Courtney Worcester School of Law tion contraceptives. Women are thus sin­ Brigham Young University J. Reuben Sophia Bella Dobbs gled out forinequitable treatment by em­ Clark Law School ployers in insurance benefits they Marquette University provide employees." Yvette Donosso Diaz Joanne M. LipoZovic On June 10, the center and its coali­ Campbell University Norman Adrian The John Marshall Law School Wiggins School of Law tion partners delivered a letter to the Mary E. Spring EEOC demonstrating that this law bars Kathryn Whitaker Overby employers covered by Title VII-which Northern Illinois University Capital University Law School College of Law includes employers with at least 15 em­ Victoria Wu ployees-from excluding prescription Tammy Thurman contraceptives from employees' health The Catholic University of America NorthwesternUniversity School of Law Columbus School of Law insurance plans when other prescription Annaliese Flynn Fleming drugs and devices are covered. Joan E. Knight The center is working on a multi­ Nova Southeastern University Shepard Salmon P. Chase College of Law Broad Law Center track approach with its partners. At the Kimberly A. Schmaltz federal level, this effort also includes Tammy B. Saltzman seeking passage of the Equity in Pre­ Cornell Law School Ohio Northern University Claude W. scription Insurance and Contraceptive Angelica Matos Pettit College of Law Coverage Act, which would require all CUNY School of Law at Queens College Heather M. Barnes private insurance, whether or not provid­ Traceyrose Zappala The Ohio State University ed by employers, to cover prescription DePaul University College of Law College of Law contraceptives when other prescritpion drugs and devices are covered. Litigation Judith Terek Rebekah Kaufman is also pending in several states.

38 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 Oklahoma City University School of Law University of Cincinnati College of Law University of Pittsburgh School of Law April Bergdall Eberle Leslie Boozer-Boggs Parastou Hassouri Quinnipiac College School of Law The University of Connecticut University of Puerto Rico School of Law Felice Duffy School of Law Sheila I. Velez-Martinez Regent University School of Law Carolyn J. Zambelli University of Richmond T.C. Williams Colleen M. Holmes The University of Dayton School of Law School of Law Roger Williams University Rachel R. Watson Caroline Elizabeth Browder School of Law University of Denver College of Law University of San Diego School of Law Jeanne Scott Kelsey S. Barnes Cynthia Valenzuela Rutgers School of Law-Camden University of the District of Columbia University of South Dakota Jeanette M. Barnard David A. Clarke School of Law School of Law St. Mary's University School of Law Kim T. James Tracey R. Dollison Christine E. Reinhard University of Florida College of Law University of Southern California St. John's University School of Law Krisanne L. Russell Law School Natasha N. Aljanlian The University of Georgia Karla Kraft Samford University Cumberland School of Law The University of Tennessee School of Law Katy N. Lewis College of Law Amy Deloach Sylvester University of Houston Law Center Jennifer A. Robinson Seton Hall University School of Law Rosaline Cohen The University of Texas at Austin Keri E. Logosso University of Illinois at Urbana­ Rudene Tulaine Mercer Southern Illinois University Champaign College of Law The University of Tulsa College of Law School of Law Lisa DeGeeter Richa Himani Suzanne L. Patton The University of Iowa College of Law The University of Utah College of Law Southwestern University School of Law Kimberly D. Berg Kristen L. Zimmerman Marcia B. Kraft The University of Kansas School of Law University of Virginia School of Law Stetson University College of Law Jody M. Lamb Jennifer Danielle Jewell M. Celine Cannon University of Kentucky College of Law University of Wisconsin-Madison Law Suffolk University Law School Lora Renee Bentley School Stephanie M. Taverna University of Louisville School of Law Alison Hager Spakowitz Syracuse University College of Law Angela E. Slaton University of Wyoming College of Law Angela Christoffel University of Maine School of Law Katina Francis Touro College Joceline D. Champagne Valparaiso University School of Law Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center University of Maryland School of Law Andrea B. Foltz Dawn L. Hargraves Abigail Noel Ross Vermont Law School Thomas Jefferson School of Law The University of Memphis Cecil C. Erin E. Barnes Michele Castillo Humphreys School of Law Wake Forest University School of Law Tulane Law School Susan Thomason Hunt Tywanda L. Harris Mark Edward Andrews University of Miami School of Law Washburn University School of Law University of Akron School of Law Alessandra Parisi Serano Sabrina Standifer Susan M. Gerber The University of Michigan Law School Washington University in St. Louis University of Arkansas at Little Rock Megan H. Mack School of Law School of Law University of Minnesota Law School Sonni L. Fort Rhonda K. Wood Stacy L. Bettison Washington and Lee University University of California, Boalt Hall The University of Mississippi School of Law Melissa McKowan Alicia Kate Margolis Elizabeth M. Formidoni University of California, Davis University of Missouri-Columbia Western New England College School of Law School of Law School of Law Melissa Ann Jones Jennifer J. Smith Paula Kilcoyne University of California Hastings University of Nebraska-Lincoln Widener University School of Law, College of the Law College of Law Harrisburg Jennifer A. Kash Laurie Ponce Lage Laurie E. Wiest University of California, Los Angeles The University of New Mexico Widener University School of Law, School of Law School of Law Wilmington Marla Maxfield Cynthia M. Tessman Catherine Damavandi The University of Chicago Law School The University of Oklahoma Law Center Willamette University College of Law Laura Kotanchik Caron C. Pyle Holly Ferguson

WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 39 The NAWL Networking Directoryis a servicefor NAWL members, and is neither a solicitation for clients nor a members to provide career and business networking representation of specialized practice or skills. Areas of practice opportunies within the Association. (Use the Back-Page concentration are shown for networking purposes only. Fax-Back to request details on listing a practice in the Individuals seeking legal representation should contact a local directory.) Inclusionin the directoryis an option available to all bar association lawyer referral service.

Concentrations Key ALABAMA Robbin L. Itkin South Pasadena Wynne Spiegel Itkin Ad Administrative Ellen A. Pansky Adm Admiralty Birmingham 1901 Av of the Stars, Ste 1600, Pansky & Markle App Appellate Appeals Nina Miglionico 90067, 310/551-1015 Bky 1114 Fremont Av, 91030 At Antitrust Miglionico & Rumore 213/626-7300 AttMa, Disc, AttMa Attorney Malpractice Li Ba Banks & Banking Ste 1230, Brown Marx Twr, Rochelle B. Spandorf Bd Bonds, Municipal 35203 Shapiro Rosenfeld & Close CONNECTICUT Bky Bankruptcy, Creditors 205/323-8957 Ch, FL, W, Pro 2029 Century Park East, Bu Business CA Class Actions Ste 2600, 90067 Madison Ch Child; Custody; Adoption Carol H. Stewart 310/975-7936 Co Fr, IP Rebecca Westerlund Ci Civil; Civil Rights Burr & Forman 52 Old Toll Rd, 06443, C Collections Co Corps.; Partnerships 3100 South Trust Twr Palo Alto 203/421-0918 Com Commercial PO Box 830719 35283 Marjorie Goux Cont Comp Computer 205/458-5219 RE, Bu, T, Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Con Municipalities; Takings Li Cons Constitutional Garrett & Dunner DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Cs Consumer Cary Tynes Wahlheim 700 Hansen Way, 94304, Cont Contracts Burr & Forman 650/849-6600 TM Car Coops; Condos Susan L. Buckingham Cr Criminal PO Box 830719, 35283 Dickstein, Shapiro, Morin & DR ADA; Arbitration 205/458-5142 H, Li Richmond Oshinsky De Defense 2101 L St NW, 20037-1526 Dis Discrimination R. Ann Fallon Disc Attorney Discipline ARKANSAS Whiting, Rubenstein, Fallon 202/955-6612 Ins Ed Education & Ross El Elder Law Maumelle 3260 Blume Dr, Ste 110, Em Employment; ERISA Katherine J. Henry Ent Entertainment Karon Lynch Martin 94806 Dickstein, Shapiro, Morin & Env Environmental PO Box 13617, 72113 510/222-6000 FL Oshinsky Eth Ethics 501/851-1644 2101 L St NW, 20037-1526 F Federal Courts ss Fi Finance or Planning Sacramento 202/785-9700 App, WC, Li, DR, FL Family Law CALIFORNIA Virginia S. Mueller Ins Fa Foreclosure, Creditors 106 L St, 95814 Fr Franchising; Distribution GP General Practice Altadena 916/446-3063 FL, Pro Anne Kornbau GC Government Contracts Phyllis N. Harris Brawdy & Neimark Gu Guardianship 1215 Sunny Oaks Cir, 91001 419 7th St NW, 20004 H Health San Diego I Immigration 626/798-9047 Em, La Janice L. Sperow 202/628-5197 IP Ins Insurance Ruiz & Sperow Int International & Customs Beverly Hills 3177 A St, 92102 IP Intellectual Property Corrine P. Parver (C-copyright; P-patents; Nina Marino 619/235-6684 Bu, CA, Ci, Com, Dickstein, Shapiro, Morin & TM-trademark; TS-trade 9454 Wilshire Blvd, Ste 500, Cons, Cont, De, Dis, Ed, Em, Oshinsky secrets) 90212 IP, Sex, T 2101 L St NW, 20037-1526 La Labor Li, Ld Landlord, Tenant 310/553-5003 Ad, Cr De, WC 202/775-4728 H Le Legal Aid, Poverty San Francisco Leg Legislation Long Beach Li Litigation D. Jan Duffy Diana M. Savit LU Land Use Patricia A. Bellasalma 50 California St, Ste 1500, Mendelsohn & Szymkowicz Mar Maritime Fletcher & Bellasalma 94111 1233 20th St NW, Ste 800, M/E Media & Entertainment 301 E. Ocean Blvd, Ste 1200, 415/439-5202 Emli 20036 Me Mediator MeMa Medical Malpractice 90802 202/778-1238 Com, Em, Li MeN Medical Negligence 562/901-4930 Ci, Dis, Em, FL, Justine S. Juson N Negligence Sex, T, Worn Schacher Kristoff NP Nonprofit Organizations FLORIDA Pl Personal Injury 505 Montgomery St 94111 Pr Product Liability Los Angeles 415/391-3333 Em, La Alachua Pro Probate Pub Public Interest Rochelle Browne Kathleen C. Fox RE Real Property 333 S Hope St, 38th Fl, 90071 Jettie Pierce Selvig PO Box 1930, 32616 RM Risk Management 213/626-8484 LU, Ci, App, 465 California St, Ste 718, 904/462-5157 FL, Pl, Sex Sec Securities Cons, 94104 Sex Sex Harassment; Assault Li ss Social Security 415/981-0150 Pro, Wo Boca Raton T Tort Leslie A. Cohen Charlotte H. Danciu TA Trade Associations Goldberg Scott 370 W Camino Gardens Blvd, Tx Taxation Rebecca A. Speer u Utilities-Oil & Gas 1925 Century Pk E, Ste 2200 465 California St, Ste 200, Ste 210, 33432 w Wills, Estates & Trusts 90067 94104 561/392-5445 Ch, Surrogacy WC White Collar 310/557-9700 Bky, 415/283-4888 Pl, Pro, Wo WO Wrongful Death Li Wo Workers' Compensation Worn Women's Rights

40 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 Ellen R. ltzler Nora M. Tocups William F. Satterlee Ill Carol Garfiel Freeman Osborne & Osborne 1100 Peachtree St, Ste 2800, Hoeppner, Wagner & Evans 20 Courthouse Sq, Ste 214, 798 S FedI Hwy, Ste 100 30309 103 E. Lincoln Way, 46384 20850 PO Drawer 40, 33429 404/815-6213 IP, P 219/465-7005 Me, Li 301/762-6405 Cr, App 407/395-1000 Ba, Cont, Ld, RE ILLINOIS IOWA MASSACHUSETTS Ft. Lauderdale Kimberly A. Gilmour Chicago Des Moines Dedham 15th Fl, 110 SE 6th St, 33301 Susan Bogart Roxanne Barton Conlin Faith F. Driscoll 954/760-4911 La, Em, GP 161 N. Clark St, Ste 2300, 300 Walnut St, #5, 50309 14 Carlisle Rd, 02026 60601 515/282-3329 Pl, MeN, Dis, 508/294-6165 IP Mary Jo Meives 312/726-9060 Li, Em, F, Cr, De Disc, Li, N, Sex, T, WD Ste 1010, 515 E Las Olas Blvd, Norwood 33301 Marilee Clausing KENTUCKY Margaret B. Drew 305/554-5900 MeMa, Pl Lord Bissell & Brook 477 Washington St, 02062 115 S LaSalle, Ste 2700, 60603 Louisville 617/255-9595 Pro, W, FL, RE Jacksonville 312/443-1837 MeMaDe Virginia Collins Burbank Mary K. Phillips 1st Trust Ct 600 N, 200 S 5th MICHIGAN Gentry & Phillips Patrica A. Collins St, 40202 6 East Bay St, Ste 400, Asher Gittler et al 502/585-5100 Ann Arbor P.O. Box 837, 32201 125 S Wacker, Ste 1100, Jean Ledwith King 904/356-4100 MeN, MeMa, T, 60606 Maria A. Fernandez 277 E Liberty, 48104 WD 312/263-1500 DR, Dis, Em, La, Fernandez Friedman Grossman 313/662-1334 Ci, Cn, Dis, ED, Sex, Ci & Kohn Em, Fo, GP, Pl, Sex, we. WD Miami 2400 National City Tower, 101 Jennifer Coberly Susan Fox Gillis S. Fifth St., 40202 Detroit Zuckerman, Spaeder, Taylor & 190 S LaSalle St, Ste 2850, 502/589-1001 W, Tx, Pro, Bu Margaret A. Costello Evans 60602 Dykema Gossett 201 S Biscayne Blvd, Ste 900, 312/726-0440 Cont, N, Pr, T LOUISIANA 400 Renaissance Ctr, 48243 33131 313/568-5306 Li, Int 305/579-0110 Com, Li Jean M. Golden New Orleans 20 W Wacker, Ste 1040, 60606 Stefanie J. Allweiss Farmington Hills Orlando 312/444-2489 Ins McCalla Thompson Pyburn Nina Dodge Abrams Patricia A. Doherty Hymowitz & Shapiro 30300 Nrthwstrn Hwy, Ste 112 PO Box 568188, 32856 Dixie Lee Laswell 650 Poydras St, Ste 2800, 48334, 810/932-3540 FL 407/843-7060 MeN, Sex, N, Li, 55 E Monroe, Ste 4200, 60603 70130 MeMa, Pl, WD 312/269-8863 Env 504/524-2499 La, Em Grand Rapids Elizabeth K. Bransdorfer Plantation Colleen McManus Megan Shemwell Nash 200 Ottawa Av NW, Ste 700, Sonya L. Salkin Rudnick & Wolfe, 203 N. Mccalla Thompson Pyburn 49503 Malnik & Salkin, PA LaSalle St, Ste 1800, 60601 Hymowitz & Shapiro 616/459-3200 Li Ste 216, 1776 N Pine Island 312/368-7027 Bky, Com Li 650 Poydras St, Ste 2800, Rd, 33322 70130 Nancy Lynn Haynes 954/423-4469 Bky, Com, Ci, Li Beverly A. Pekala 504/524-2499 La, Em 200 Ottawa Av NW, Ste 700, 30 N LaSalle St, #4300, 60602 49503 St. Petersburg 312/251-0737 FL, Li Lynn M. Luker 616/459-3200 Em, Li Ellen Neil Kalmbacher Luker, Sibal & McMurtray Holland & Knight INDIANA 616 Girod St, Ste 200 70130 Jennifer L. Jordan PO Box 3542, 33731 504/525-5500 Dis, Env, CA, F, Miller, Johnson, Snell & 813/896-7171 Con, LU, RE, Tx Valpairaso Li Cummiskey Li, Env, RE Tina M. Bengs P.O. Box 306, 49501-0306 Hoeppner, Wagner & Evans MARYLAND 616/831-1778 West Palm Beach 103 E. Lincoln Way, 46384 Victoria A. Calebrese 219/464-4961 Li, De, Em, Wo Baltimore Lansing Lewis Kapner, PA Jana Howard Carey Janis L. Blough 250 Australian Av So, 33401 Nancy E. Murphy Venable, Baetjer & Howard 420 S Waverly Rd, 48917 561/655-3000 FL Hoeppner, Wagner & Evans 2 Hopkins Plz, 1800 Mercantile 517/323-6295 Ch, FL, Cr 103 E. Lincoln Way, 46384 Bk Bldg, 21201 GEORGIA 219/464-4961 Em 410/244-7636 La, Emp Mt. Clemens Jacqueline R. Wright Atlanta Karen M. Read Rockville 120 Market St, 48043 Kristine Cavin Hoeppner, Wagner & Evans Jo Benson Fogel 810/468-1090 FL, Co, Pro, W Smith Ronick & Corbin 103 E. Lincoln Way, 46384 5900 Hubbard Dr, 20852 750 Hammond Dr. Bldg II, 219/464-4961 Ins, De, Pl, Pr, 301/468-2288 FL Oak Park 30328 Wo Michelle L. Gullet 404/256-9000 RE PO Box 37456, 48237 248/544-0655 Cr, Juv, Tx

WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 41 MISSISSIPPI Collingswood Elizabeth M. Stanton Victoria Page-Wooten Miriam N. Jacobson Moots Cope & Stanton Pelino & Lentz Biloxi 900 Haddon Av, Ste 412, 3600 Olentangy River Rd, Bldg One Liberty Pl, 32nd Fl, 19103 Clare S. Hornsby 08108 501, 43214-3913 215/246-3151 Bu, RE, Com, PO Box 548, 39533 609/858-7775 Re, Bu, W, Com 614/459-4140 Em, Ad, Dis Cont, Bd, Fi 601/374-5566 Ch, FL, Gu, Pro, (also Philadelphia, Pa.) w Hamilton Mary F. Platt Haddonfield Barbara L. Morgenstern Montgomery McCracken Jackson Denise M. Keyser Morgenstern & Gates Co, LPA Walker & Rhoads Kristina Johnson Archer & Greiner 604 First National Bank Bldg, 123 S. Broad St, 19109 Watkins Ludlam Winter & One Centennial Sq, 08033-0968 45011 215ll72-7280 Li, Env Stennis, PO Box 427, 39205 609ll95-2121 La, Em, Sex 513/893-6122 GP 601/949-4785 Bky, Li Linda Richenderfer Highland Park PENNSYLVANIA Saul, Ewing, Remick & Saul MISSOURI Emily Arnow Alman 3800 Centre Sq W, 19102 Alman & Michaels Bala Cynwyd 215/972-7116 Li, WC, Env Kansas City 611 S. Park Av, 08904 Nancy O'Mara Ezold Jennifer Charno Nelson 908/819-8444 FL, Ch, Ed, Dis, 401 City Av, Ste 904, 19004 Mary A. Scherf Lathrop & Gage Sex 610/660-5585 Cont, Dis, Li, N, 123 S. Broad St, Ste 2345 Grand Blvd, Ste 2500, Pl, Sex, T, WC, WD 1710, 19109-1098 64108-2684 New Brunswick 215ll90-9077 Ch, W, FL, El 816/460-5820 Env Lynn F. Miller Norristown Miller & Miller, PA Grace C. Kennedy Pittsburgh Teresa A. Woody 96 Paterson St, 08901 540 Swede St, 19401 Marlene J. Bernstein 1000 Walnut St, Ste 1400, 908/828-2234 Bky, FL, Cont, 610/279-8700 GP, Pro, W 1133 Penn Av, 5th Fl, 15222 64106 GP, Ent, RE, Pl, N, Gu 412/456-8105 Bky 816/292-8107 Com, Env, At Philadelphia Roseland Jeanne Schubert Barnum Wayne Rosetta Robins Beth Hinsdale Pelino & Lentz, PC Susan F. Dubow Blackwell Sanders Peper Martin Grotta, Glassman & Hoffman, One Liberty Pl, 32nd Fl, 19103 Kalogredis Tsoules & Sweeney 2300 Main St, Ste 1000, 64108 175 Livingston Ave, 07068 215/665-1540 Li 995 Old Eagle School Rd, Ste 816/983-8170 DR Em 973/994-7523 Em, La 315, 19087 Doris J. Dabrowski 610/687-8314 H, Bu NEBRASKA Geralyn G. Humphrey 1308 Spruce St, 19107 Orloff, Lowenbach, Stifelman & 215ll90-1115 Ad, App, Cont, SOUTH CARQLINA Omaha Siegel Em, FL, Pro, Cors, Li Susan Ann Koenig 101 Eisenhower Pky, 07068 Greenville 319 S. 17th St, Ste 740, 65102 973/622-6200 Bky, Cont Co, Mary Alice Duffy Linda Byars McKenzie 402/346-1132 FL, C, Worn Com 612 One E Penn Sq, 19107 PO Box 2547, 29602 215/568-2576 GP 864/271-2270 SS, Wo NEVADA NEW YQRK Cecelia L. Fanelli TENNESSEE Las Vegas New York Duane, Morris & Heckscher Lillian J. Sondgeroth Leona Beane 1 Liberty Pl, 19103 Nashville 1509 S Eastern Av, 89104 Rm 1100, 11 Park Pl, 10007 215/979-1126 Com Nancy Krider Corley 702/382-2288 Pl, FL, W, CP, Ch 212/608-0919 Gu, W, DR 20th Fir., 1st American Center Miriam N. Jacobson PO Box 198525, 37219 NEW HAMPSHIRE Robert L. Geltzer 1528 Walnut St, 5th Fl, 19102 615/244-5432 Em, Ins, T, Wo Tendler, Biggins & Geltzer 215/546-2400 RE, Bu, W, Com Manchester 1556 3rd Av, Ste 505, 10022 (also Collingswood, NJ) Kathryn Reed Edge Jo Ann Brighton 212/410-0100 App, Ba, Bky, Miller & Martin Peabody & Brown Bu, Ch, Co, Com, Cs, Cont, DR, Leslie Anne Miller 424 Church, Ste 2325, 37219 889 Elm St, 03101 GP, IP, Li, M, Me, N, Pl, Pr, McKissock & Hoffman, PC 615/244-3119 Ba, Co 603/628-4000 Bky, Co Pro, RE, T, W 1700 Market St, Ste 3000, 19103 Marlene Eskind Moses NEW JERSEY Gloria S. Neuwirth 215/246-2106 MeMa, Li, App One Church St Bldg, Ste 500, Davidson, Dawson & Clark 37201-1607 Cherry Hill 330 Madison Av, 35th Fl, Kathleen Mock 615/242-2521 Fl, Gu Stacy Alison Fols 10017 Mylotte David & Fitzpatrick, Montgomery McCracken 212/557-7720 W, Tx, Gu 1645 Market St, 9th Fir, 19103 TEXAS 457 Haddonfield Rd, Ste 600, 215ll51-9450 MeM 08002 Q.1:1.lQ Austin 609/488-7729 App, Li Beatrice O'Donnell Amie Rodnick Columbus Duane, Morris & Heckscher Cox & Rodnick Beatrice K. Sowald One Liberty Pl, Ste 4200, 507 W 7th St, 78701 Ste 101, 400 S Fifth St, 43215 19103 512/477-2226 FL 614/464-1877 FL, Pro 215/979-1113 MeMa, T, Com, Ins, Pr

42 WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 Dallas Retta A. Miller New NAWL members Jackson Walker Among lawyers, law students (indicated by *) and professional associates who have joined 901 Main St, Ste 6000, 75202 NAWL recently are: 214/953-6035 Li, Sec, Pr,App, DR,F Alabama Louisiana Ohio Patricia N. Moore M. Nan Alessandra Susan Squire Box San Antonio Pamela Toney Crawford Monica Donath Kohnen Cynthia Eva Hujar Orr California Susan Fahey Desmond Rosemary E. Pomeroy 310 S St. Mary's,Ste 2900, Wendi L. Berkowitz Megan Shemwell Nash Jane P. Wilson 78205 Lori A. Bowman Denise C. Puente 210/226-1463 Cr, App Theresa M. Brehl Pennsylvania Leslie A. Cohen Maryland Lynda Calderone .uIAH Jet Auer de Saram Jill D. Caravaggio Roberta D. Liebenderg Gillian M. Ross Nancy A. Sachitano Salt Lake City Sandra M. Wagner Rebecca Strandberg Rhode Island Patricia A. O'Rorke Susan A. Keller 6965 Union Park Center, Ste Connecticut Massachusetts Gail E. Mccann 450,84047 Audrey Blondin Nygina T. Mills 801/569-3131 Bu,Em Rita Provatas Elizabeth H. Munnell South Carolina Barbara George Barton VIRGINIA Delaware Michigan Karen A. Crawford Patricia McGee Karen Craft Lillia Ann Gray McLean Tricia A. Ronat* Kathleen McMahon William Thomas Welch District of Columbia Harleston Barton Mountain & Tolle Denise M. Clark Minnesota Nancy Doherty Sadler 1320 Old Chain Bridge Rd, Renee S. Key Cynthia A. Blalack Brett W. Weathersbee 22101 Frances J. Miller Suzanne Born 703/448-181 O GovCont Jean A. Pawlow Evon Spangler South Dakota Diana M. Savit Heidi E. Viesturs Lelia L. Hood WISCONSIN Mary Helen Sears Ruth Ann Webster Margaret J. Tobey Tennessee Marinette Leslie A. Wheelock Missouri Marcia Meredith Eason Dorothy Nelson Topel Annette P. Heller PO Box 463 Florida Diane C. Yu Texas 1851 Riverside Av, 54143 Louise A. Foutch Dawn Born 715/735-6633 Pro, RE Amy Furness New Jersey Khila L. Khani Christine M. Marx Virginia WYOMING Ana Morales Karen A. McGuinness Naila Townes Ahmed Alicia Shick Elitza M. Meyer Heidi Hering Powell Evett Simmons Karen L. Starke Jessica Loeper Jeanmarie Whalen New Mexico PO Box 1152, 82435 Kendra L. Wahlstrom Wisconsin 307/754-3900 Ch, GP, Cr, FL, Georgia Jane Fowler Clokey W, Bu, RE, Pl Holli D. Hidden New York Rosemary C. Lumpkins Mary Ann Long • A membership application Riverton Donna Nance Helen D. Reavis to join NAWL is on page 2 NettaBell Girard Jill A. Pryor of this issue. Details about 513 E Main St, PO Box Sara Turnipseed North Carolina NAWL are available on the 687,82501 Leto Copeley Internet at 307/856-9339 Bky, Bu, FL, Indiana Pamela Distefano www.kentlaw.edu/ W,RE William F. Satterlee, Ill Sally H. Scherer nawl/nawl.html

CANADA

Toronto Lori Duffy Weir & Foulds 1600 Exchange Tower, 130 King St West, M5X 1J5 416/947-5009 ComRE, W

WOMEN LAWYERS JOURNAL/ SUMMER 1999 43 Back-Pa Fax-Bae

NAWL wants to make it easy for members to get involved and to stay in touch. All you have to do is jot your comments on this back page of the Women Lawyers Journaland fax it to NAWL headquarters at (312) 988-6281 (you don't even have to add your name because it's already on the mailing label).

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