Upper from Southern California Author(s): Willis Parkison Popenoe Source: Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 11, No. 5 (Jul., 1937), pp. 379-402 Published by: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1298457 Accessed: 10-03-2020 17:26 UTC

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This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY, VOL. 11, No. 5, PP. 379-402, PLS. 45-49, JULY, 1937

UPPER CRETACEOUS MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

WILLIS PARKISON POPENOE California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

ABSTRACT

One new and thirteen new species of Mollusca are described from the Upper Creta- ceous fauna of the Santa Ana Mountains, southern California. New generic assignments based upon discovery and study of previously unobserved structural features are offered for a number of common and well-known Cretaceous molluscan species. Some genera hitherto unknown in the Upper Cretaceous of the Pacific Coast are recognized, and their affinities are discussed.

In this paper are described and from the helpful advice of Dr. J. P. figured thirteen new species and one Buwalda and Dr. Chester Stock, of new genus of Upper Cretaceous Mol- the Division of Geological Sciences, lusca from the Santa Ana Mountains, California Institute of Technology. southern California. In addition Dr. L. W. Stephenson, Dr. J. B. there are presented notes on the Reeside, den- Jr., and Dr. Ralph Stewart, tition and systematic relationships of the Unitedof States Geological Sur- a number of Upper Cretaceous vey, Mol- have given me much assistance lusca that were described many in theyears determination of the system- ago but that until now have been atic positions and relationships of imperfectly known. For each form a number of the fossil species herein discussed is given the stratigraphic discussed and have made helpful sug- range in the Upper Cretaceous beds gestions many times in the course of of the Santa Ana Mountains. Such the work. observations upon the relationships Dr. B. N. Moore, of the United of these forms and of the occurrence States Geological Survey, has given of allied species as have seemed perti- me free use of the collections of nent are included in the discussions. Cretaceous fossils he made some The synonymies of previously de-years ago in the Santa Ana Moun- scribed species list only those ref- tains. Dr. A. Myra Keen, of Stanford erences in which the species has been University, has studied the speci- described, figured, or discussed, mens of Pachycardium coronaense dis- omitting citations in fossil lists. cussed in this report and has given Genotypes are cited for genera not me valuable advice as to their rela- previously recognized in the Upper tionships and systematic position. Cretaceous of the Pacific Coast. The authorities in charge of the In the course of the study of which paleontological museums of the a part of the results has been in- United States National Museum, the cluded in this paper, I have benefited California Academy of Sciences, the

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 380 WILLIS PARKISON POPENOE

Leland Stanford Junior University, sedimentary rocks of the Santa Ana and the University of California Mountains have as recognized in this paper. been most courteous and helpful Numbers in in parentheses following making the facilities and collectionscitations in the discussions of species in their charge available to refer me. to theI am numbered references at glad to acknowledge the aidthe endI have of this paper. Where more had from each of these sources. than one citation has been made from The generalized section is given any one reference the page number below of the stratigraphic sub- is included in the parentheses, fol- divisions of the Upper Cretaceous lowing the reference number.

Generalized section of formations in the Santa Ana Mountains, California . Martinez? formation: Prevailingly light-colored coarse sandstone, conglomerates, and shale, with some coal seams. In part marine. Unconformity. Upper Cretaceous. Williams formation: Pleasants member: Light-colored shaly sandstones with many beds of limy fossilifer- ous sandstone intercalated. Approximate thickness, 320 feet. Schulz member: Light-colored, coarse, arkosic sandstones with numerous beds of well-rounded boulders. Unfossiliferous. Average thickness, 200 feet. Unconformity. Ladd formation: Holz member: Dark bluish- to brownish-gray micaceous sandy shale or siltstone, with interbedded arkosic sandstones and nonpersistent coarse conglomerate lenses. Fossiliferous in the upper half. Thickness, 1,500 feet ?. Baker member: Gray to brownish, massive to thick-bedded boulder conglomerate below, grading up into thick-bedded to shaly arkosic soft brown sandstone above. Sandstones at top highly fossiliferous. Thickness, 200 feet +. Cretaceous? Trabuco formation: Soft red friable deeply weathered massive boulder conglomerate. Un fossiliferous. Thickness, 300-400 feet. Unconformity. Pre-Cretaceous. Basement complex: Metamorphosed sediments intruded by andesitic dikes and stocks.

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS

Class PELECYPODA small, sharply incurved, opisthogyrous; Order PRIONODESMACEA dorsal anterior margin concave directly in front of the beaks, merging thence into Family LIMOPSIDAE the tumid anterior margin; ventral mar- Genus TRINACRIA Mayer gin nearly straight; posterior margin abruptly truncate immediately back of Genotype: Trigonocoelia crassa De- the beaks, separated from the lateral por- shayes. tions of the shell by an abrupt umbonal TRINACRIA COR Popenoe, n. sp. angulation; lateral and ventral surfaces Plate 45, figures 1-3 of the shell meeting at nearly a right Description: Shell large and massive angle; posterior shell surface back of the for the genus, high, short, angular; beaks angulation nearly flat; sculpture of fine

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 381 growth lines with occasional deeper inequilateral, in- rather more high than cised concentric grooves marking broad, resting outline gibbous; anterior dorsal stages of growth; very fine rather slope widely shallowly concave from the umbo spaced radial lines appear on well- to about one-half the distance from the preserved specimens; area short, am- umbo to the ventral border; ears ap- phidetic, shallow, directly beneath the proximately equal, small; beaks low and beaks; dentition of about five minute pointed; sculpture on the posterior half chevron-shaped teeth on each side of the of the shell consisting of very fine beak; muscle scars and pallial line radiating ribs crossed by fine growth unknown. lines, producing a minute cancellation; Holotype: California Inst. Technology, sculpture of the anterior portion of the Invertebrate Paleo. Cat. no. 3418. shell of low smooth sharp-crested ridges Dimensions of holotype: Length, separated by interspaces several times 16.0 mm., height, 14.0 mm., thickness of wider than the ridges; anterior dorsal one valve, 6.4 mm. slope unornamented except for growth Distribution: Holz shale member, lines. common; Williams formation, common. Dimensions of figured specimen: Discussion: This species is also found Height, 18.0 mm., length, 17.2 mm., in the Upper Cretaceous of the Simi Hillsthickness of one valve, approximately and of the Santa Monica Mountains, 4.0 mm. southern California, and also in the Distribution: Ladd formation, Baker "type Chico" beds of Chico Creek, Butte member, rare. County, California. Discussion: The subgenus Limatula to One other species of Trinacria (T. which this species is referred includes galeata) has been described from Creta- straight or slightly oblique forms with ceous beds by Holzapfel (11, p. 213), but pronounced sculpture on the middle part the genus is most numerous in the of the valve, but with the posterior and Eocene beds of the Paris Basin and of anterior slopes of the valves only slightly Alabama. Trinacria has been reported sculptured, or smooth. from the of Washington by This Lima agrees fairly well in outline Clark (5, p. 81), and from the and in size with Whiteaves' figure of Alum Bluff group of Florida by Dall (7), L. suciensis (20, p. 399, pl. 51, fig. 2) and and Gardner (10), but Stewart (18, p. 82) may be conspecific with it. Whiteaves' has questioned the reference of these description includes these remarks: species to Trinacria. If these references Surface markings consist of small narrow be incorrect, the known range of the radiating ribs that are everywhere crossed by genus is Upper Cretaceous and Eocene. concentric striae or lines of growth. From Trinacria cor is larger and more mas- eleven to fourteen of these ribs are a little sive than any other member of the genus larger than the rest, and in testiferous speci- mens, the spaces between them when ex- known to me, and it is also distinguished amined with a lens are seen to be occupied by its abruptly truncated posterior bor- by from four to six close-set minute radiating der and by its high beaks. ridges. These features suggest the subgeneric Family LIMIDAE characters of Limatula, but unfortunately Genus LIMA Bruguiere Whiteaves' figure of the species is not sufficiently good to determine the char- Subgenus LIMATULA Wood acters of the shell accurately. LIMA (LIMATULA) sp. cf. L. SUCIENSIS Apparently no other described species Whiteaves of Lima from the Pacific Coast Creta- Plate 45, figure 4 ceous is likely to be confused with that Description: Shell small, thin, slightly from the Santa Ana Mountains.

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 382 WILLIS PARKISON POPENOE

Subgenus ACESTA H. and A.shallow Adams grooves serrated on the sides and marked in the middle by a series of small pits LIMA (ACESTA) BETA Popenoe, or punctations. n. sp. Plate 45, figure 5 In contrast to this description, the Description: Shell moderately large, ribs of L. beta are sharp-crested and thin, fragile, pyriform, slightly convex; denticulate on top. No sign of puncta- beaks low; anterior margin nearly tions or serrations appears on the inter- straight, excavated dorsally; anterior ear spaces. very slightly developed; posterior and ventral margins forming a sweeping Family MYTILIDAE Fleming regular curve; posterior ear small, ob- Genus INOPERNA Conrad liquely truncate; sculpture consisting of narrow radiating ribs toothed on the Genotype: Inoperna carolinensis crests and separated from one another Conrad. by concave interspaces three to four INOPERNA BELLARUGOSA Popenoe, n. sp. times wider than the ribs; interrib areas Plate 45, figures 6, 7 ornamented only by fine growth lines; resilium pit oblique, directed toward the Description: Shell of moderate size, posterior side. elongate, compressed, gently concave on Holotype: California Inst. Technology the ventral and convex on the dorsal mar- Invert. Paleo. Cat. no. 3424. gins, margins diverging slightly posterior- Dimensions of holotype: Height, ly; beaks low and small, markedly anterior 35.3 mm., length, 27.3 mm., thickness butof not terminal; anterior end smoothly one valve, approximately 5.0 mm. rounded into the ventral margin; pos- Distribution: Ladd formation, Baker terior end also smoothly rounded, with member, abundant and characteristic. no marked posterior truncation; poste- Discussion: The subgenus Acesta to rior umbonal angulation low and broad, which this species is referred includes extending from the umbo to the ventral Limas with straight anterior margins, posterior margin; sculpture consisting of small to obsolete anterior ears, and with narrow concentric lamellae paralleling oblique ligament pits extending under the border of the shell, and of strong the posterior ear. undulations developed upon the dorsal Among other West Coast Cretaceous posterior border, paralleling the growth Limas, only L. Gabb appears lines dorsally but dying out along the to resemble L. beta. In his diagnosis of posterior umbonal angulation; undula- L. microtis, Gabb (9, p. 202) remarks: tions variable in their development on Ornamented by numerous flat radiating different individuals; internal characters ribs, not dichotomous, the interspaces forming of the shell unknown.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 45 All figures are natural size except as otherwise stated. The letters CIT are an abbreviation of California Institute of Technology. FIGs. 1-3-Trinacria cor Popenoe, n. sp. Holotype, CIT Cat. no. 3418. X2. 1, Exterior of left valve; 2, umbonal view of left valve; 3, hinge of left valve. (p. 380) 4-Lima (Limatula) sp. cf. L. suciensis Whiteaves. Figured example, CIT Cat. no. 3422. X2. Exterior of right valve. (p. 381) 5-Lima (Acesta) beta Popenoe, n. sp. Holotype, CIT Cat. no. 3424. Exterior of right valve. (p. 382) 6, 7-Inoperna bellarugosa Popenoe, n. sp. 6, Holotype, CIT Cat. no. 3420. Exterior of left valve; 7, Paratype, CIT Cat. no. 3421. Fragment of right valve showing char- acteristic coarse undulations on dorsal posterior border. (p. 382) 8-Liopistha (Psilomya) hardingensis (Packard). Figured specimen. CIT Cat. no. 3426. View of complete individual from left side. (p. 383)

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY, VOL. 11 PLATE 45

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Popenoe, Upper Cretaceous Mollusca

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 383

Holotype: California Inst. Technology, border; sculpture consisting of numer- Invert. Paleo. Cat. no. 3420; paratype, ous close-set radiating flat-topped ribs, no. 3421. separated by interspaces as wide as the Dimensions of holotype: Length, 42.3 ribs, strongly developed on the postero- mm., height, 18.7 mm., thickness of bothdorsal slope of the shell and on the valves, 13.9 mm. umbonal ridge, where they bifurcate Distribution: Ladd formation, Baker in some individuals; radial sculpture member, common. abruptly disappears slightly in ad- Discussion: Inoperna bellarugosa re- vance of the umbonal angulation; sculp- sembles Volsella siskiyouensis (Gabb) ture on the anterior portion of the shell somewhat in the character of the sculp- usually of growth lines only, or with ture, but differs from the latter species very minute radial striae in addition; by the characteristic dorsal posterior internal shell border crenate; dentition undulatory sculpture of Inoperna, by unknown. its more smoothly rounded posterior Holotype: California Inst. Technology margins, and by the more gently taper- Invert. Paleo. Cat. no. 3425. ing outline of the shell. Inoperna bellaru- Dimensions of holotype: Length, 8.0 gosa probably represents those forms mm., height, 5.0 mm., thickness of one from the Santa Ana Mountains that have valve, 2.0 mm. been identified as V. siskiyouensis. Distribution: Williams formation, very Inoperna flagellifera (Forbes) from therare. Valudayur group of India (Stoliczka, 19, Discussion: This species is placed in p. 379) and the upper Greensand of the genus Brachidontes on the basis of England (Woods, 21, vol. 1, p. 99) is the shape and sculpture of the shell, and longer and more slender than I. bellaru- of the crenate inner margin, which is gosa. I. carolinensis Conrad, the geno- visible in broken specimens. This ap- type, from the Upper Cretaceous of the pears to be the first record of Brachi- Atlantic and Gulf Coast of the United dontes in the Cretaceous of the Pacific States, apparently has the dorsal un- Coast. The genus has been recognized dulations somewhat more numerous and in the Upper Cretaceous beds of the less pronounced. Woods (21, p. 99) states Western Interior region of the United that "Modiola" flagellifera belongs to States a and Canada by Meek, White, molluscan group characteristically de- Stanton, and others, and by Woods (21, veloped in the rocks. vol. 1, p. 101 et seq.) in the Greensand of England. Genus BRACHIDONTES Swainson Family POROMYACIDAE Genotype: Brachidontes sulcata Genus LIOPISTHA Meek Swainson. Section PSILOMYA Meek BRACHIDONTES BIFURCATUS Popenoe, n. sp. LIOPISTHA (PSILOMYA) HARDINGENSIS Plate 46, figure 2 (Packard) Description: Shell small, thin, in- Plate 45, figure 8; plate 46, figure 16 flated; beaks low, incurved, markedly Homomya hardingensis PACKARD, 1922, Uni. anterior; anterior end narrow, inflated, Calif. Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 13, no. 10, rounded; dorsal margin straight, two- p. 423, pl. 32, figs. la, lb. thirds the length of the entire shell; Description: These notes supplement posterior margin gently convex, ob- the original description of the species. liquely truncate; ventral margin slightly Sculpture consists of rather coarse con- emarginate; posterior umbonal ridge centric growth lines, of undulatory con- sharply angular near the beaks, becoming centric ridges strongly developed in the progressively lower and more broadly region of the beaks but becoming pro- rounded toward the posteroventral gressively fainter ventrally and vanishing

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 384 WILLIS PARKISON POPENOE at a distance of three or four centimeters Section LIOPISTHA s.s. ventral to the beaks, and of radial lines LIOPISTHA ANAANA (Anderson) strongly developed at the beaks but ap- Plate 46, figures, 1, 3 pearing on the ventral flanks of the shell Pholadomya anaana ANDERSON, 1902, Calif. as rows of rather widely spaced raised Acad. Sci., Proc., (3), vol. 2, no. 1, p. 73, granules. Where these granules have been pl. 7, fig. 151. broken off, their bases appear as shallow Liopistha naanana PACKARD, 1916, Univ. Calif. Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 9, no. 12, p. 146. pits. Dentition not well shown but con- sists apparently of two lamellar teeth in Description: These notes may be the right valve, the anterior tooth being added to the original description: Hinge smaller and oblique; one rather small of the left valve with two cardinal teeth, tooth in the left valve separates the posterior tooth rather oblique and sockets that receive the right cardinals; strong; anterior left cardinal parallel to ligament external and rather short; a the hinge margin, smaller than the pos- pronounced ridge extends from the beak terior cardinal; hinge of the right valve to the anterior extremity delimiting a also with two cardinal teeth; posterior concave anterior dorsal area devoid of cardinal blunt, oblique, situated close up sculpture except for growth lines; underan- the anterior hinge margin, terior end apparently close; posterior bounded end above and below by sockets narrowly gaping. that receive the cardinal teeth of the left Distribution: Ladd formation, Baker valve; right anterior cardinal very small, member, rare. broken; ligament external, narrow, short; Discussion: This large shell is a Lio- posterior dorsal slope unornamented ex- pistha of the group of L. superba (Sto- cept for growth lines; strong radial ribs liczka) from the Trichinopoly group of are found immediately before the pos- India, and of L. gigantea (Sowerby) from terior dorsal slope, continuing to the an- the Upper Cretaceous beds of Black- terior region of the shell where they be- down, England. L. hardingensis differs come progressively finer and more close- from both of these other species in having set; valves apparently close in front, a narrower and more pointed posterior gaping behind. end. I have found no reference to the Distribution: Ladd formation, Baker presence of members of the section member, abundant and characteristic. Psilomya elsewhere in the Cretaceous of Discussion: Liopistha anaana is prob- North America. ably to be referred to Liopistha s.s. as

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 46 FIGS. 1, 3-Liopistha anaana (Anderson). X 1 . Figured examples, CIT Cat. no. 3427. 1, Hinge of right valve; 3, Hinge of left valve. (p. 384) 2-Brachidontes bifurcatus Popenoe, n. sp. Holotype, CIT Cat. no. 3425. X3. Exterior view of right valve. (p. 383) 4-Etea angulata (Packard). Figured example, CIT Cat. no. 3461. X2. Hinge of right valve of immature specimen. (p. 385) 5-8-Astarte sulcata Packard. Figured examples, CIT Cat. no. 3428. X2. 5, Exterior of left valve; 6, hinge of left valve; 7, hinge of right valve; 8, umbonal view of complete specimen. (p. 386) 9, 10-Eriphyla ovoides (Packard). Figured examples, CIT Cat. no. 3429. 9, Hinge of left valve; 10, hinge of right valve. (p. 386) 11, 12-Eriphyla lapidis (Packard). Figured examples, CIT. Cat. nos. 3430, 3431. 11, Hinge of right valve; 12, hinge of left valve. (p. 387) 13-15-Crassatella gamma Popenoe, n. sp. Holotype, CIT Cat. no. 3433. 13, Umbonal view of complete specimen; 14, exterior view of right valve. 15, Paratype, CIT Cat. no. 3434. Hinge of left valve. (p. 388) 16-Liopistha (Psilomya) hardingensis (Packard). Figured example, CIT Cat. no. 3426. Umbonal view of complete specimen, showing concentric sculpture around the beaks. (p. 383)

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This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 385 defined by Meek. Certainly the Meretrix radial angulata PACKARD, 1922, Univ. Calif. Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 13, no. 10, p. sculpture is the more prominent element 425, pi. 33, fig. 5. in the ornamentation of the shell. There is a suggestion of concentric undulatory Description: The following notes sup- sculpture in the umbonal regions of well- plement the original description of this preserved specimens, but this is seldom species: Dentition of the right valve con- discernible far down on the sides of the sists of two cardinal teeth and two lateral valves. The radial sculpture is more sockets; right anterior cardinal thin, prominent on the posterior part of the laminar, oblique, lying close up under the valves, but in some individuals as many lunular border; right posterior cardinal as twelve to fifteen radial ribs growing longer, more robust, weakly bifid, the weaker anteriorly are visible. anterior element of the bifid tooth being Dr. L. W. Stephenson, of the United short and splintlike; tooth obliquely States Geological Survey, informs me ventrally directed; anterior socket deep, (oral communication) that the specimens short, close to the anterior cardinal; pos- of Liopistha s.s. that he has studied from terior socket deep, narrow, long, situated the Atlantic Coast and Western Interior midway between the umbo and the pos- Cretaceous localities all show fine den- terior end of the shell; dentition of the ticulations on the radial ribs. I have not left valve consists of two cardinal teeth seen any such ornamentation on any and of two lateral teeth; anterior cardinal the specimens from the Santa Ana stout, triangular, weakly bifid, situated Mountains. Its absence may be due to directly beneath the beak; posterior car- preservation, but I am inclined to be- dinal long, thin, laminar, close up under lieve these denticulations were never the nymph; anterior lateral close to the present on the California specimens. beaks, On short, stout, prominent; posterior the other hand, a few well-preserved lateral long, thin, distant from the beaks; individuals from the Santa Ana Moun- ligament rather short, narrow, external; tains show what appear to be radial pallial rows line simple. of broken-off tubercles suggestive of Distribution: the Ladd formation, Holz sculpture of the section Psilomya as shale member, abundant and character- mentioned in the discussion of L. har- istic. dingensis above. Discussion: Etea angulata is character- Pholadomya lucerna (Forbes) of isticthe of a zone in the Holz shale compris- Trichinopoly and lower Valudayur bedsing several hundred feet of beds near the of southern India strongly resembles middle of the section. At this horizon Liopistha anaana in external aspect and the species is abundant and widespread. if Meek (13, p. 235) is correct in assum- It has also appeared rarely in beds both ing the Indian species to be a Liopistha near the top and near the bottom of the the two forms are undoubtedly very shale member. closely allied. The chief external differ- Etea was erected by Conrad as a sub- ence appears to be that the radial sculp- genus of Veniella. It has usually been so ture of Pholadomya lucerna is more considered, but Stephenson (16, p. 392), strongly developed on the anterior areas in a recent publication has accorded of the shell. Etea generic rank. This procedure is fol- lowed here. In comparison with Veniella, Order TELEODESMACEA as typified by V. mortoni Conrad, Etea has a much thinner shell and more deli- Family PLEUROPHORIDAE cate hinge, is generally smooth instead of Genus ETEA Conrad having a sculpture of coarse concentric Genotype: Etea carolinensis Conrad. corrugations and costae, has the postericr ETEA ANGULATA (Packard) lateral teeth farther removed from the Plate 46, figure 4 beaks, and apparently lacks the trans-

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 386 WILLIS PARKISON POPENOE verse striations of the posterior Distribution: laterals. Ladd formation, Baker Etea has not been reported member,elsewhere abundant and characteristic. on the Pacific Coast and I have found no Discussion: The genus Astarte s. 1., has reference to it elsewhere in the literature been divided into many sections and on the Upper Cretaceous of the Indo- subgenera of which the distinctions are Pacific region. The genus is represented both confused and confusing. The sub- in a number of localities in the Upper division of the genus to which A. sulcata Cretaceous of the Atlantic and Gulf is to be referred is yet uncertain. The Coastal Plain of the United States. None species agrees fairly well with a species of the specimens I have seen from these figured and discussed by Meek (13, p. regions are so robust as E. angulata. 124) as Eriphyla gregaria M. and H. Meek, however, questions the reference Family ASTARTIDAE of this latter species to Eriphyla, and it Genus ASTARTE Sowerby seems impossible that it should belong ASTARTE SULCATA Packard to this genus. A. sulcata appears to agree Plate 46, figures 5-8 well with the Astarte subcostata group as figured and discussed by Woods (21, vol. Astarte ? sulcata PACKARD, 1922, Univ. Calif. Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 13, no. 10, p. II, p. 109 et seq.). Small astartes of this 424, pl. 33, fig. 6. general type appear to be rather common in the Upper Cretaceous of Europe. With Description: The following notes are the possible exception of "Eriphyla" added to the original description of this gregaria mentioned above, I know of no species: Lunule and escutcheon both well- very closely related species in the Ameri- marked, rather broad, long, unsculp- can Interior or East Coast Cretaceous tured; ligament short, small, inserted in beds. a narrow trough; dentition of the right Genus ERIPHYLA Gabb valve, one strong trigonal posterior tooth immediately beneath the beaks, and one ERIPHYLA OVOIDES (Packard) very small laminar anterior tooth di- Plate 46, figures 9, 10 rected obliquely toward the ventral an- Astarte ovoides PACKARD, 1922, Univ. Calif. terior border and situated close up under Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 13, no. 10, p. the lunule; dentition of the left value, 424, pl. 30, fig. 1. one strong central trigonal cardinal; dor- Description: The following notes may sal anterior margin of right valve and be added to the original description: dorsal posterior margin of left valve fit Dentition consists of two cardinal teeth into long, narrow and shallow grooves in each valve, and of a posterior lateral on the corresponding margins of the op- tooth in the right valve and a corre- posite valves; pallial line simple; internal sponding posterior lateral socket in the margins of the valves smooth. left valve; right posterior cardinal heavy,

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 47 FIGs. --Crassatella gamma Popenoe, n. sp. Paratype, CIT Invert. Paleo. Cat. no. 3434. Hinge of right valve. (p. 388) 2, 3-Crassatella lomana Cooper. Figured examples, CIT Cat. no. 3432. 2, Hinge of left valve; 3, hinge of right valve. (p. 387) 4-6-Pachycardium coronaense (Packard). Figured examples, CIT Cat. no. 3435. 4, Ex- terior of left valve; 5, hinge of right valve; 6, hinge of left valve. (p. 388) 7, 8, 11-Isocardia delta Popenoe, n. sp. Holotype, CIT Cat. no. 3436. 7, Anterior view; 8, exterior of left valve. 11, Paratype, CIT Cat. no. 3438. Hinge of left valve. (p. 389) 9, 10, 12-Clisocolus corrugatus Popenoe, n. sp. Holotype, CIT Cat. no. 3439. 9, Umbonal view of left valve; 10, exterior view of valve; 12, hinge of left valve. (p. 390) 13-Cyprimeria moorei Popenoe, n. sp. Syntype, CIT Cat. no. 3440. X2. Hinge of right valve. (p. 391)

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY, VOL. 11 PLATE 47

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Popenoe, Upper Cretaceous Mollusca

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 387 oblique, trigonal; right anterior cardinal Distribution: Ladd formation, Holz narrow, thin, situated vertically shale beneath member, common. the beak; right posterior lateral Discussion:long, Hinges of both valves of straight, rather heavy; left anterior this species car- have been revealed and agree dinal rather heavy, situated nearly fully ver- with Gabb's diagnosis of Eriphyla. tically beneath the beak; left posterior They also agree fully with the dentition cardinal long, thin, curved, set closeof Eriphyla up ovoides (supra) and with under the nymph; posterior lateral hinges socket of specimens from Clover Creek, long, narrow, shallow; ligament external, Shasta County, believed to represent E. rather long; lunule short, deeply umbonata im- Gabb. pressed; edge of left lunular margin Eriphyla pro- lapidis bears considerable re- jecting, and fitting into a narrow semblance elongate to E. umbonata in its general socket just below the lunule of the form right and sculpture. Better material than valve. that now available may show the two to Distribution: Ladd formation, Baker be conspecific. E. lapidis seems to aver- member, rare; ?Holz shale member, rare. age larger than does E. umbonata, and Discussion: Eriphyla has been re- seems likewise to be somewhat more garded as a subgenus of Astarte by many ovoid in outline, however. writers and as a genus of the Astartidae by as many others. Dall (8) considered Family CRASSATELLIDAE Eriphyla more nearly related to the Genus CRASSATELLA Lamarck Crassatellidae. Stoliczka (19, p. 156) re- Subgenus PACHYTHAERUS Conrad ferred the genus to the , near Dosinia. Meek (13, p. 122) questioned CRASSATELLA LOMANA Cooper the generic position of the forms referred Plate 47, figures 2, 3 to Eriphyla by Stoliczka largely on ac- Crassatella lomana COOPER, 1894, Calif. State count of the presence in Stoliczka's Min. Bur., Bull. 4, p. 48, pl. 3, fig. 47.- species of a slightly sinuous pallial line. PACKARD, 1916, Univ. Calif., Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 9, no. 12, p. 146. Meek admitted that he had not seen the pallial line of the type of Eriphyla and Distribution: Ladd formation, Holz admitted also that Stoliczka's species shale member, very abundant and char- otherwise agreed well with Gabb's de- acteristic; ?Williams formation, very rare. finition of the genus. Since that time, Discussion: This massive Crassatella is Woods (21, vol. 2, pls. 16, 17) has figured at once one of the most abundant, most specimens of Eriphyla showing a sinuous characteristic, and most widely distrib- pallial line, as has also Holzapfel (11, pl. uted fossils from the upper part of the 14). Specimens of Eriphyla, probably rep- Holz shale. It is present in great numbers resenting E. umbonata Gabb, now in in nearly every fossil collection from this the California Institute of Technology part of the section, and occurs at but few collections from the Upper Cretaceous other horizons. beds at Clover Creek, Shasta County, Crassatella lomana was originally de- California, also show this gently sinuous scribed from the Cretaceous shales at pallial line plainly. This feature alone is Point Loma Peninsula, San Diego. probably sufficient to separate Eriphyla Cooper, in his original description, stated generically from Astarte. Eriphyla is here that the fossil lacked the concentric regarded as a separate genus, tentatively ridges of C. tuscana, being sculptured placed in the Astartidae. only by coarse lines of growth. In well- ERIPHYLA LAPIDIS (Packard) preserved specimens these growth-lines show considerable regularity and differ Plate 46, figures 11, 12 from the more finely chiseled ornamenta- Astarte lapidis PACKARD, 1922, Univ. Calif. Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 13, no. 10, tion of C. tuscana more in degree than in p. 423, pl. 30, figs. 4a, 4b. kind. The only specimens of C. tuscana

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 388 WILLIS PARKISON POPENOE now available to me are from Sucia Is- Holotype: California Inst. Technology, land, in the Gulf of Georgia. These Invert.speci- Paleo. Cat. no. 3433. mens are somewhat smaller than C. Paratypes: California Inst. Technol- lomana, have finer sculpture, rather ogy, moreInvert. Paleo. Cat. no. 3434. inflated shape, shorter posterior end, Dimensions and of the holotype: Height, a broader dorsal slope. The two species 26.0 mm., length, 30.5 mm., thickness of are probably closely related, but are both valves, 17.1 mm. undoubtedly distinct. Distribution: Ladd formation, Baker member, abundant; Holz shale member, CRASSATELLA GAMMA Popenoe, n. sp. rare. Plate 46, figures 13-15; plate 47, figure 1 Discussion: This Crassatella is com- mon in and characteristic of the basal Description: Shell of moderate size, part of the Holz shale and of the upper- rather high, short, compressed, angular most part of the Baker member. It ap- in outline; beaks not very prominent, pears to have a limited stratigraphic slightly anterior to the middle of the range. It is somewhat similar to Crassa- shell, prosogyrate; lunule depressed, tella tuscana in appearance, but differs long, narrow, about two-thirds the from that form in being relatively higher, length of the anterior dorsal border; more compressed laterally, more sharply anterior dorsal border nearly straight; truncate posteriorly, with straighter ven- anterior portion of ventral border tral and dorsal margins, a longer and rounded; posterior half of ventral border narrower lunule, and in general, greater nearly straight; posterior end abruptly angularity of form. I do not know of the truncate nearly at right angles to the appearance of this species outside of the ventral posterior border; posterior dorsal Santa Ana Mountains region. slope comparatively broad, plane, bounded below by an abrupt umbonal Superfamily CARDIACEA angulation; escutcheon long, narrow; Family CARDIIDAE sculpture of fine concentric close-set Genus PACHYCARDIUM Conrad rather irregular ridges. Genotype: Cardium spillmani Conrad. Dentition of right valve: one strong trigonal posterior cardinal tooth directly PACHYCARDIUM CORONAENSE (Packard) beneath the beak bounded anteriorly by Plate 47, figures 4-6 a narrow oblique socket and posteriorly Cardium coronaensis PACKARD, 1922, Univ. by a rather deep triangular socket; an- Calif., Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 13, no. terior cardinal tooth nearly obsolete; 10, p. 424, pl. 30, fig. 2. ligament pit a triangular depression in Description: Shell small to medium in the dorsal half of the hinge plate im- size, moderately inflated, shell substance mediately behind the posterior cardinal rather thick; beaks high, narrow, prom- tooth; anterior dorsal border bears a inent, prosogyrous, approximate; an- shallow lateral socket situated below the terior dorsal margin broadly rounded, forward part of the lunule; posterior merging with a smooth curve into the lateral tooth long, narrow, straight. Den-arcuate ventral margin; posterior margin tition of the left valve: anterior cardinal nearly vertically truncate, meeting the tooth narrow and oblique; posterior posterior ventral margin with an angle cardinal tooth rather short and thick, of slightly less than 90?; posterior dorsal bounded above by the chondrophore; border very short; ligament short and anterior lateral tooth short and narrow, depressed; lunule restricted by a delicate situated below the anterior end of the incised line; hinge plate heavy; hinge lunule; posterior lateral socket long, anglenar- approximately 55?. row, extending nearly the full length Sculpture of of the anterior and central the escutcheon. slopes of the shell consists of delicate

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 389 incised evenly and closely spaced con- tions also the presence of Pachycardium centric lines that are most evident on the in deposits at Coon Creek, Tennessee (P. umbonal region and become progres- stantoni (Wade)), and in the Ootatoor sively fainter ventrally; concentric sculp- group of India (P. bisectum (Stoliczka)). ture usually nearly or quite invisible on Dr. A. Myra Keen, of Stanford Univer- the ventral regions of well preserved sity (personal communication), has noted shells but generally well-shown on the presence of the genus, in addition, in eroded specimens; sculpture of the pos- the Upper Cretaceous beds of New Jer- terior slope consists of about twenty very sey and Syria. She suggests that P. low delicate close-set rounded radial ribs coronaense represents the first recorded that are most strongly developed next appearance to of the genus in the Upper the sharp humeral angle of the shell Cretaceous and of the Pacific Coast. become progressively fainter posteriorly; shell margin faintly denticulate where Superfamily ISOCARDIACEA these ribs terminate. Dentition consists of two cardinal Family ISOCARDIIDAE teeth in each valve and strong anterior Genus ISOCARDIA Lamarck and posterior laterals; right anterior Genotype: Isocardia cor Lamarck. cardinal small, weak, anteriorly directed; ISOCARDIA DELTA Popenoe, n. sp. right posterior cardinal strong, peglike, Plate 47, figures 7, 8, 11 situated directly beneath the umbo; left anterior cardinal short, strong; left pos- Description: Shell of medium size, terior cardinal thin and weak, directed thin, fragile, greatly inflated; beaks very obliquely backward; lateral teeth of both high, prominent, distant, spirally coiled, valves strong, distant from the beaks. prosogyrous; anterior dorsal margin Distribution: Ladd formation, basal deeply concave below the beaks; anterior beds of Holz shale member, rare. extremity obtuse and rounded; ventral Dimensions of an example: Length, margin broadly curved; posterior ex- 31.8 mm., height, 32.8 mm., thickness of tremity meeting the ventral margin at an one valve, 9.5 mm. Dimensions of a sec- abrupt angle and merging with the dorsal ond example: Height, 27.5 mm., length, posterior border in a sweeping curve; 26.3 mm., thickness of one valve, ap- dorsal posterior slope and lateral face of proximately 8.6 mm. the shell meeting along a rounded curv- Discussion: This species is believed to ing angulation extending from the beaks be identical with the one described by to the ventral posterior border; ligament Packard from the Santa Ana Mountains narrow, rather short, external; lunule as Cardium coronaensis. The sculpture and escutcheon undefined; pallial line of the type specimen of "Cardium" cor- unknown. onaensis has been destroyed by weather- Dentition of the right valve consists ing, but in general shape, outline, and of two curved laminar teeth arranged size, as well as in stratigraphic position parallel to the hinge-line, situated one the material used in my own study agrees above the other, separated by a groove well with Packard's type specimen. that receives the ventral cardinal tooth Stewart (18, p. 277) has discussed the of the left valve; left valve also with two generic characters and distribution of laminar horizontal cardinal teeth, the Pachycardium and suggests that the posterior and dorsal tooth extending genus is the Upper Cretaceous descend- from the hinge-line posteroventrally; ant of the Lower Cretaceous Protocardia. anterior and ventral cardinal parallel to Pachycardium apparently is limited in the its hinge border below the beaks, sepa- distribution to beds of Upper Cretaceous rated from the hinge border by a narrow age. The genotype is from the Ripleyan groove, excavated on the ventral surface; of Owl Creek, Mississippi. Stewart men- lateral teeth apparently absent.

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 390 WILLIS PARKISON POPENOE

Holotype: California Inst. Technology, Genus CLISOCOLUS Gabb Invert. Paleo. Cat. no. 3436. CLISOCOLUS CORRUGATUS Popenoe, n. sp. Paratypes: California Inst. Technol- Plate 47, figures 9, 10, 12 ogy Invert. Paleo. Cat. nos. 3437, 3438. Dimensions of holotype: Height, 39.6 Description: Shell of medium size, mm., length, 34.0 mm., thickness of highly both inflated, gibbous in outline; shell valves, 34.6 mm. substance rather thick; beaks high, prom- Distribution: Ladd formation, Baker inent, prosogyrous, sharply incurved; member, abundant and characteristic. outline of shell margin below the beaks Discussion: Isocardia delta is found nearly circular to slightly oval; lunule in a narrow zone essentially including and escutcheon undefined; ligament ex- the uppermost beds of the Baker mem- ternal, lodged in a deep narrow furrow; ber. The shell of this species is very hinge frag- edentulous but with a slight thick- ile, and few of the specimens collected ening of the hinge-line below the beaks have escaped crushing and distortion. and with a shallow pit centrally placed, Isocardia delta is probably at least sub-dorsal to the thickened part; lateral teeth generically distinct from I. cor, the absent; geno- sculpture consisting of rather type, for the Cretaceous species coarselacks raised concentric corrugations, the characteristic posterior lateral spacedteeth at approximately 2 mm. inter- that are present in I. cor and in valsevery on the median flanks of the mature other Tertiary or Recent Isocardia shell; that character of muscle scars and I have seen. Isocardia delta was recog- pallial line unknown. nized in the Santa Ana Mountains Upper Holotype: California Inst. Technology, Cretaceous fauna by Packard but Invert. was Paleo. Cat. no. 3439. not described. Dimensions of holotype: Height, 31.5 A few other species of Isocardia have mm., length, 31.5 mm., thickness of one been described from Upper Cretaceous valve, 14.4 mm. deposits both in the Atlantic Coastal Distribution: Ladd formation, Baker Plain region and in Europe. The genus member, rare. seems rare in the Cretaceous, however. Discussion: Clisocolus corrugatus is I. delta seems to be the first definite readily distinguished from C. cordatus record of the genus in the Pacific Coast Whiteaves by the character of its coarse Cretaceous deposits, for Isocardia widelychi- spaced concentric sculpture. Usu- coensis Waring appears to be a Clisocolus, ally the latter species is larger, higher, probably C. cordatus Whiteaves. and more gibbous in outline than C.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 48 FIGS. 1, 2-Cyprimeria moorei Popenoe, n. sp. Syntypes, CIT Cat. no. 3440. X2. 1, Exterior of right valve; 2, hinge of left valve. (p. 391) 3, 5-Tenea inflata (Gabb). Figured examples, CIT Cat. nos. 3441, 3442. 3, Hinge of right valve; 5, hinge of left valve. (p. 391) 4-Flaventia lens (Gabb). Figured example, CIT Cat. no. 3443. Hinge of right valve of a specimen from Butte Creek, Butte County, California. (p. 392) 6, 7, 13, 14-Calva regina Popenoe, n. sp. and gen. Syntypes, CIT Cat. no. 3447. 6, Hinge of right valve; 7, hinge of left valve; 13, exterior of right valve; 14, exterior of left valve. (P. 395) 8, 12-Legumen ooides (Gabb). Figured examples, CIT Cat. no. 3446. 8, Hinge of right valve; 12, hinge of left valve. (P. 394) 9, 10, 11-Flaventia zeta Popenoe, n. sp. Holotype, CIT Cat. no. 3444. 9, Exterior of right valve. Paratype, CIT Cat. no. 3445. 10, Hinge of left valve; 11, hinge of right valve. (P. 393) 15, 16-Aphrodina ? arata (Gabb). Figured examples, CIT Cat. nos. 3448, 3449. X2. 15, Hinge of right valve, 16, hinge of left valve. (p. 397)

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY, VOL. 1 1 PLATE 48

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Popenoe, Upper Cretaceous Mollusca

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 391 corrugatus. I do not know of thehonor occur- of Dr. B. N. Moore, of the United rence of this species outside of States the SantaGeological Survey. Doctor Moore Ana Mountains. collected all of the material upon which this species is based, and generously Superfamily VENERACEA made his collections available for this Family VENERIDAE study. Genus CYPRIMERIA Conrad Cyprimeria moorei is probably the first Genotype: Cytherea excavata Morton. Cyprimeria to be reported from the CYPRIMERIA MOOREI Popenoe, n. sp. Pacific Coast Upper Cretaceous. Whit- Plate 47, figure 13; plate 48, figures 1, 2 eaves (20, p. 379) has referred to Cypri- meria several specimens from Sucia Description: Shell rather small, thin, Island which he at first identified as fragile, compressed, oval in outline, Meretrix lens Gabb, a species since shown slightly longer than high; beaks low, by Stewart to belong to the genus slightly anterior; margin very gently con- Flaventia Jukes-Brown (18, p. 247). It cave just in front of the beaks, elsewhere has been possible to expose the hinges of smoothly curved in a broad ellipse; several specimens of Flaventia lens from ornamentation of fine regular growth- the Santa Ana Mountains, from northern lines only; no lunule or escutcheon; liga- California, and from Sucia Island. The ment external, deep-seated, long, very hinge characters of all of these agree narrow; pallial line with a shallow sinus. almost exactly with those of Flaventia Dentition of three cardinal teeth in ovalis illustrated by Woods (21, vol. 2, each valve; anterior left cardinal long, p. 191, pl. 29, figs. 19-26), and with very thin, thickening anteriorly, strongly Whiteaves' illustration of the hinge of oblique to the shell-margin above and "Cyprimeria" lens. It is believed that the ventral hinge-plate margin below, Whiteaves' specimens are to be referred bounded dorsally and ventrally by deep to Flaventia rather than to Cyprimeria. narrow sockets; median left cardinal A second species cited by Whiteaves short, broad, trigonal, situated directly from the Upper Cretaceous of British below the beak; posterior left cardinal Columbia, Cyprimeria ? tenuis Meek, is rather long, thin, slightly curved, diverg- neither described nor figured, and its ing at an acute angle from the nymph actual relationships are very dubious. which it underlies; anterior and median right cardinals thin and long, extending Genus TENEA Conrad obliquely forward from the beaks, sub- Genotype: Tenea parilis Conrad. parallel, but diverging somewhat anter- TENEA INFLATA (Gabb) iorly; posterior cardinal narrow, gently Plate 48, figures 3, 5 curved, extending obliquely posteroven- Dosinia inflata GABB, 1864, Paleontology trally from the beaks, thickening some- Calif., vol. 1, p. 168, pl. 23, fig. 149.- what toward the posterior end, deeply STEWART, 1930, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- cleft along the crest; lateral teeth absent. delphia Spec. Pub. 3, p. 231. Syntypes: California Inst. Technology, Description: The following notes are Invert. Paleo. Cat. no. 3440. given on the dentition of this species: Dimensions of syntypes: Right valve, Right anterior cardinal very small, slen- length, 27.3 mm., height, 21.6 mm., der, short, diverging at a small angle from thickness of valve, approximately 4.2 the hinge-margin directly anterior to the mm.; left valve, length, 24.4 mm., height, beak, extending ventrally only halfway 19.6 mm., thickness, approximately 2.3 across the hinge-plate; median right mm. cardinal rather heavy, low, trigonal; Distribution: Ladd formation, Holz posterior right cardinal heavy, long, shale member, rare. slightly curved, situated close up under Discussion: This shell is named in the nymph, from which it is separated

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 392 WILLIS PARKISON POPENOE by a narrow groove; a thin lamellar of the hinge, ridge which appears to be typi- rising from the floor of the socket cally betweenVenerid in structure, and in the the anterior and median right character cardinals of the long slender pointed extends about halfway from theascending ventral pallial sinus so similar to the edge of the hinge plate toward sinuses the ofbeak; Cyclina and Dosinia. left anterior and median cardinals Tenea short, inflata is represented by many slender, joined dorsally, diverging excellent ven- specimens from the middle and trally at a high angle; posterior upper left horizons car- of the Holz shale and dinal long, laminar, oblique, situated from the uppermost beds of the Baker just below the nymph; lateral teeth ap- member. The specimens found in the parently absent; pallial sinus long, nar- shale are usually rather robust, thick- row, pointed, ascending, directed toward shelled, and large. Some of these in- the umbos. dividuals attain a height of 35 mm. Con- Distribution: Dwarf variety-Ladd for- versely, the specimens from the Baker mation, Baker member, common; Giant member are invariably small, thin- variety-Ladd formation, Holz member, shelled, and fragile. Few individuals abundant. from this part of the section will reach Discussion: Tenea has not been re- an altitude of as much as 20 mm. These ported hitherto from the Pacific differences Coast are so constant and so closely Cretaceous, but is known from a number correlated with stratigraphic position of localities in the Upper Cretaceous that of one is tempted to consider that two the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain of species are represented. This view is the eastern United States. The genotype strengthened by the fact that very few is from the Cretaceous of New Jersey species are common to both the Baker (Conrad, 3). Cyclina magna Wade from sandstones and the Holz shale. Never- the Ripley formation of Coon Creek, theless, I have been unable to find any Tennessee, is probably to be referred to basis for separation of these forms other this genus (personal communication from than size and thickness of shell, and feel L. W. Stephenson) as may also be Cyclina these to be scarcely sufficient in them- parva Gardner of the Monmouth forma- selves for separating species. tion of Maryland. Holzapfel (11, p. 168, pl. 12, figs. 9-12) figures a shell identified Genus FLAVENTIA Jukes-Brown as Cytherea tumida Goldfuss that is al- FLAVENTIA LENS (Gabb) most surely a Tenea. It is probable that Plate 48, figure 4 many other Cretaceous species that have been described as Dosinia will be found Meretrix lens GABB, 1864, Paleontology Calif., referable to this genus. vol. 1, p. 164, pl. 23, fig. 143. Cyprimeria lens WHITEAVES, 1879, Canada Geol. Sur- A number of paleontologists have dis- vey, Mesozoic Fossils, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 152, cussed the systematic position of Tenea pl. 17, figs. 15, 15a; ibid. p. 379. without reaching any general agreement. Flaventia ? lens STEWART, 1930, Acad. Nat. Conrad originally suggested the rela- Sci. Philadelphia, Spec. Pub. 3, p. 247, pl. 4, fig. 6. tionship of Tenea to Taras [Diplodonta]. Many other writers, including Dall, Description: The following notes are Fischer, and Weller, have doubtfully or offered on the hinge-structure of this confidently placed this genus in the Un- species: Right anterior and median car- gulinidae. Whitfield on the other hand dinals set close together, diverging ven- referred Tenea to the Veneridae, com- trally, directed obliquely anteriorly; paring it to Dosinia. It is my own opinion right posterior cardinals long, heavy, that Tenea is a Venerid genus, closely deeply bifid, the anterior element being allied to Dosinia and Cyclina, though short; left anterior and median cardinals quite distinct from either. The reasons short and strong, close together, diverg- for this conclusion lie in the characters ing ventrally at a large angle; posterior

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 393 cardinal long, thin, situated below the beaks, directed obliquely forward from nymph; ligament external, moderately the beaks; right posterior cardinal strong, long, submerged; lunule and escutcheon rather long, trigonal, very oblique, di- undefined; pallial sinus triangular, as- verging at a small angle from the nymph, cending; lateral teeth absent. bifid, the anterior element being short Distribution: Ladd formation, Holz and slender; left anterior and median member, abundant; Williams formation, cardinals short and thin, approximately common. equal in size, diverging from one another Discussion: Whiteaves (supra) was at a moderate angle directly ventral to apparently the first to call attention to the beaks; posterior left cardinal long, the hinge-structure of Flaventia lens, or narrow, slightly curved, underlying and at least was the first to publish his ob- slightly divergent from the nymph; servations. He referred the species to hinge plate of both valves shallowly ex- Cyprimeria, but comparison of his figure cavated in front of the anterior teeth. of the hinge of a left valve with the hinge Holotype: California Inst. Technology, of true Cyprimeria reveals an error. Invert. Paleo. Cat. no. 3444. Stewart (supra) first called attention to Paratypes: California Inst. Technol- the similarity of the hinge of F. lens ogy, Invert. Paleo. Cat. no. 3445. with that of F. ovalis (the genotype) and Dimensions of holotype: Height, 33.2 suggested the relationship, although he mm., length, 44.7 mm., thickness of both was unsuccessful in uncovering enough valves, 18.0 mm. of the hinge of F. lens to permit him to Distribution: Ladd formation, Baker feel sure of the identity. The present member, abundant and characteristic; study verifies Stewart's determination of Holz shale member, rare. the generic position of F. lens. Discussion: Flaventia zeta is to be dis- tinguished from F. lens principally by its FLAVENTIA ZETA Popenoe, n. sp. more elongate outline and by its higher Plate 48, figures 9-11 beaks. Most of the mature specimens of Description: Shell of medium size, F. lens are nearly equidimensional in strong, moderately inflated, elongate- length and height, whereas F. zeta is oval in outline; beaks not very promi- longer than high in the ratio of four to nent, situated slightly anterior to the mid- three. Assemblages of individuals of both length of the shell; anterior dorsal slope species show considerable variation in nearly straight from the beaks to the shape, and end members of the variable anterior end; ventral border smoothly series approach one another in propor- curved between the anterior and pos- tions. Stratigraphically, the two species terior ends of the shell, forming nearly are complementary, F. zeta being com- the arc of a circle; posterior dorsal bor- mon in the Baker member and very rare der slightly arched, meeting the ventral in the lower part of the Holz shale, where- border in a blunt angulation; ligament as F. lens is common in the upper part of external, about one-half the length of the the Holz shale and rather rare in the posterior dorsal border; lunule undefined; Williams formation. The two species escutcheon spindle-shaped, long, nar- have not been found together. row; ornamentation of growth-lines only, Flaventia zeta appears to be represented fine on the dorsal part of the shell, be- in collections now at the California In- coming coarse toward the ventral bor- stitute of Technology from the basal ders; pallial sinus short, broadly triangu- Upper Cretaceous beds at Henley, lar, wide open at the base, ascending. Siskiyou County, California, and the Hinge of three cardinal teeth and no species may be expected in other collec- laterals in each valve; right anterior and tions from northern California and south- median cardinals short, slender, sub- ern Oregon from beds low in the Upper parallel, diverging slightly distal to the Cretaceous section. It may be repre-

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 394 WILLIS PARKISON POPENOE sented in the fossil lists by forms Legumen, that is more deeply bifid, and the have been identified as Flaventia lens. anterior element of the tooth is longer and thicker. These differences may prove Genus LEGUMEN Conrad to be of no more than subgeneric impor- Genotype: Legumen ellipticum Conrad. tance. Flaventia would then become a LEGUMEN OOIDES (Gabb) subgenus of Legumen. Plate 48, figures 8, 12 Stephenson (15, p. 319) suggests that Tellina ooides GABB, 1864, Paleontology Baroda Stoliczka is probably generically Calif., vol. 1, p. 157, pl. 22, figs. 135, 135a.- identical with Legumen. If this be so, ARNOLD, 1909, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. Legumen396, is represented by a number of p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 3.-PACKARD, 1916, Univ. Calif., Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 9, no. species 12, widely distributed in the Upper p. 147.-STEWART, 1930, Acad. Nat. Sci.Cretaceous beds of the World. I have not Philadelphia, Spec. Pub. 3, p. 202, pl. seen 3, the hinge of Baroda, and those illus- fig. 3. trations of the hinge available do not Description: These internal features of show whether or not the right posterior the shell have been determined for Legu- cardinal tooth is bifid. Jukes-Brown (12, men ooides-cardinal teeth, three in each p. 171) describes this tooth in Baroda as valve; lateral teeth absent; right anterior "entire." Since the bifid right posterior and median cardinals short, slender, cardinal appears to be a constant char- prominent, subparallel, situated almost acter in the American species of Legu- directly beneath the beaks; right poste- men, Baroda is probably distinct. rior cardinal long, moderately prominent, Genus CALVA Popenoe, n. gen. subparallel to the nymph, bifid, the an- terior element of the tooth being short Genotype: Calva regina Popenoe, n. sp. and splintlike; left anterior and median Generic diagnosis: Venerid pelecypods cardinals also short, slender, and promi- of medium to large size, with heavy shells nent, diverging from one another ven- characteristically ornamented by fine trally at an angle of approximately sixty concentric growth-lines with occasional degrees; left posterior cardinal long and irregularly spaced deeper concentric thin, joined to the ventral border of the grooves developed; shape usually moder- nymph; hinge-plate shallowly excavated ately elongated, beaks prominent and immediately in front of the anterior car- high, lunule somewhat depressed, usually dinal teeth; lunule undefined; ligament circumscribed by an incised line; hinge submarginal, about one-half the length of each valve bearing three cardinal of the posterior dorsal margin of the teeth; anterior and posterior lateral teeth shell; pallial sinus rather short, broad, present in the left valve; corresponding blunt, directed toward the anterior ad- anterior and posterior lateral sockets ductor scar. developed in the right valve; left anterior Distribution: Williams formation, rare. lateral tooth parallel to the forward Discussion: The characters of the den- border of the nymph, smooth, rather tition, ligament, lunule, and pallial sinus long; left posterior lateral tooth formed of Legumen are very similar to those fea-by a slightly salient projection of the tures in Flaventia. The principal differ- hinge border; right posterior lateral ences separating these genera appear socketto long, narrow, moderately deep, be: (a) the species of Flaventia tend distantto from the beaks; right posterior .have rather thick shells, either equal cardinal in tooth weakly bifid. length and height or not much longer Within this genus will fall all or nearly than high; the species of Legumen are all of the forms formerly referred to usually quite elongate and are thin- " Venus" varians Gabb, "Meretrix" nitida shelled. (b) The right posterior cardinal Gabb, and the varieties listed in con- tooth of Flaventia is comparatively nection with these names; a number of larger than the corresponding tooth in Cretaceous species that have been de-

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 395 scribed under such generic names as placed in Dosiniopsis, including the Callista, Cytherea, Meretrix, Venus; and genotype, have strong deeply bifid right in addition, many, if not all, of the posterior cardinal teeth, striated anterior Cretaceous species hitherto referred to lateral teeth and sockets, and in general, the genus Dosiniopsis Conrad. lenticular outline. These differences to- Dosiniopsis was erected in 1864 by gether with the age difference of the two Conrad (2) with Dosiniopsis meeki from groups appear to justify a new genus to Eocene deposits near Washington, D.C., accommodate the Cretaceous species. as the genotype. D. meeki was later de- To the genus Calva are tentatively clared to be simply a variant of D. lenti- assigned Venus varians Gabb, Meretrix cularis (Rogers) by Clark and Martin nitida Gabb, Meretrix nitida var. major (6). Meek (13, p. 179) apparently was Packard, Meretrix umzambiensis Woods, the first person to mention in print the Cytherea subrotunda Sowerby, Cytherea presence of a posterior lateral tooth in caperata Sowerby, Dosiniopsis nebras- this genus-a rare feature in a venerid censis Meek, Callista pseudoplana Yabe shell. Cossman (4) recognized Conrad's and Nagao, and "Cucullaea" bowersiana genus and placed therein three species Cooper. previously described by Deshayes from the Eocene of the Paris Basin-D.fallax, CALVA REGINA Popenoe, n. sp. D. bellovacensis, and D. orbicularis (Ed- Plate 48, figures 6, 7, 13, 14 wards). Cossman does not mention the Description: Shell of moderate size, presence of a posterior lateral tooth in nearly as high as long, inflated, rather these forms, but in the illustrations of thick; beaks prominent, rather high, these species given in the "Iconographie placed anterior to the mid-length of the Coquilles Fossiles de Paris" of Cossman shell, prosogyrous; anterior dorsal border and Pissarro, all views showing the in- strongly concave; anterior end rather terior of the right valve show the poste- sharply rounded; ventral border broadly rior lateral plainly. Of Cretaceous forms arched; posterior end bluntly truncate referred to Dosiniopsis may be mentioned vertically; posterior dorsal border rather Cytherea caperata Sowerby and Cytherea short, slightly arched; posterior dorsal subrotunda Sowerby, placed in Dosiniop- slope nearly flat, broad, marked off from sis by Jukes-Brown (12, p. 151) and later the lateral portion of the shell by a low figured and described by Woods (21, rounded ridge extending from the beak vol. 2, pp. 181, 182, pl. 28, figs. 1-10). to the ventral posterior border; lunule Palmer (14) has referred Meretrix un- heart-shaped, sunken, circumscribed by zambiensis Woods of the Upper Creta- a fine line; escutcheon faintly marked ceous of Pondoland, South Africa, to Dosi- off, extending the length of the posterior niopsis, and Meek (13, p. 184) described dorsal border; ornamentation of evenly Dosiniopsis nebrascensis from beds of the spaced, moderately fine growth-lines Fort Pierre and Fox Hills groups of the only; ligament rather short, sunk below Dakota Upper Cretaceous. the shell margin; characters of the mus- A review of the descriptions and figures cle scars and pallial line unknown. of the above species indicates that all of Right anterior and median cardinal the Cretaceous species referred to Dosi- teeth short, narrow, prominent, close niopsis, together with the Pacific Coast together, slightly divergent ventrally, Cretaceous shells referred to Venus situated directly beneath the beaks; varians, Meretrix nitida and varieties, right posterior cardinal long, straight, have posterior lateral teeth, anterior shallowly bifid, subparallel to the nymph; lateral teeth and sockets that are smooth anterior lateral socket long, narrow, mod- and not striated, posterior cardinal teeth erately deep, smooth, parallel to the that are weakly bifid, and in general are lunular border of the shell; posterior elongate in form. All the Eocene shells right lateral socket deep, bounded below

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 396 WILLIS PARKISON POPENOE by a rather large projecting tooth;ceous appears left to be more pointed poste- anterior cardinal prominent, very riorly slender,than C. regina and usually is sculp- aligned almost vertically beneath the tured with irregularly spaced rather beak; left median cardinal thicker than deeply incised concentric grooves, mark- the anterior, trigonal, directed obliquely ing resting stages of growth. backward; left posterior cardinal con- tinuous with the ventral side of the CALVA BOWERSIANA (Cooper) nymph, slightly longer than the anteriorCucullaea bowersiana COOPER, 1894, Calif. teeth, not very massive; anterior lateral State Min. Bur., Bull. 4, pt. 5, p. 48, pl. 5, teeth long, wedge-shaped, parallel figs.to the 16, ?62. hinge border below the lunule, smooth; Meretrix nitida GABB var. major PACKARD, 1922, Univ. Calif. Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., posterior lateral tooth, a slightly salientvol. 13, no. 10, p. 425, pl. 31, fig. 2. portion of the shell-margin just posterior Aphrodina major ANDERSON and HANNA, to the rear end of the nymph. 1935, Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc., (4) vol. 23, Syntypes: California Inst. Technology, no. 1, p. 28. Invert. Paleo. Cat. no. 3447. Distribution: Holz shale member, Dimensions of syntypes: Right valve, Ladd formation rare; Pleasants mem- height, 34.4 mm., length, 36.5 mm., ber, Williams formation, abundant and thickness of one valve, approximately characteristic. 8.5 mm.; left valve, height, 33.2 mm., Discussion: Dr. L. G. Hertlein, of the length, 37.0 mm., thickness of valve, ap- California Academy of Sciences, called proximately 10.8 mm. my attention to the type specimen of Distribution: Ladd formation, Baker "Cucullaea" bowersiana Cooper, which member, common and characteristic. is in the type collections of the Academy. Discussion: Calva regina is fairly wide- Apparently at the time Cooper described spread but not abundant in the Baker C. bowersiana the umbonal region of the sandstones. It may be distinguished type was concealed in the matrix. This from Calva bowersiana (Cooper), found inhas since been exposed by further prep- the upper Holz shale member and the aration of the specimen, revealing the Williams formation, by its abruptly beaks, the ligament area, and the lunule. truncate posterior end and the rather The type is a venerid shell specifically high, short, posterior dorsal slope. C. identical with the large form from the regina averages considerably smaller Santa Ana Mountains described by than C. bowersiana also. Calva nitida of Packard as Meretrix nitida Gabb, var. the northern California Upper Creta- major. Packard's variety is thus a syno-

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 49 FIGS. 1-Cymbophora ashburnerii (Gabb). Figured example, CIT Cat. no. 3450. X 1 . Hinge of left valve. (p. 397) 2-Cymbophora gabbiana (Anderson). Figured example, CIT Cat. no. 3451. Hinge of right valve. (p. 398) 3-Euspira shumardiana (Gabb). Figured example, CIT Cat. no. 3452. Apertural view. (p. 398) 4, 5-Ampullina packardi Popenoe, n. sp. Holotype, CIT Cat. no. 3453. 4, Apertural view; 5, view of the body whorl. (p. 399) 6-Turritella ossa Popenoe, n. sp. Holotype, CIT Cat. no. 3458. X 1. Apertural view. (p. 401) 7-Turritella chicoensis Gabb. Figured example, CIT Cat. no. 3454. Typical dwarf variety. (p. 400) 8-Turritella iota Popenoe, n. sp. Holotype, CIT Cat. no. 3457. (p. 401) 9-Turritella chicoensis Gabb. Figured example, CIT Cat. no. 3455. Giant round-whorled variety. (p. 400) 10-Turritella chicoensis Gabb. Figured example, CIT Cat. no. 3456. Giant flat-whorled variety. (p. 400)

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY, VOL. 11 PLATE 49

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Popenoe, Upper Cretaceous Mollusca

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 397 nym of "C." bowersiana Cooper. Study structures are shorter and apparently of the hinge and other structural features smooth in A. arata. These differences of this large venerid shows it to accord may prove important enough to justify well generically with the diagnosis of at least subgeneric separation of the two Calva, given above, and it is referred to species. that genus. Calva bowersiana is thought Aphrodina arata is especially charac- to be specifically distinct from Calva teristic of the Baker member of the Ladd nitida (Gabb) and it is raised to the full formation in the Santa Ana Mountains. rank of a species. This species has not been reported from Identity of the specimen figured by higher horizons, but within this member Cooper with the specimen preserved in it is found at nearly every fossiliferous the California Academy of Sciences type locality. The species was originally de- collections is made certain by inspection scribed from "Cottonwood Creek, Shasta of the cracks and fractures in the shell County," a locality from which Gabb de- of the type specimen which have been scribed a number of other species that in perfectly reproduced in the figure (no. the Santa Ana Mountains are confined 61) given by Cooper to illustrate his new to the Baker sandstone. species bowersiana. As Cooper's specific Callista (Aphrodina?) tenuis Meek and name antedates Packard's by more Hayden (13, p. 188) is very much like A. than 30 years, it has unquestionable arata, as is Cytherea minutula Stoliczka priority. from the Ariyalur group of south India. Calva bowersiana is found in the Upper Cretaceous beds of the Santa Monica Superfamily MACTRIDAE Mountains and of the Simi Hills. south- ern California, and Anderson and Hanna Family MACTRACEA (supra) have reported its presence in the Genus CYMBOPHORA Gabb Cretaceous of Santa Catarina Landing, CYMBOPHORA ASHBURNERII (Gabb) Lower California. Plate 49, figure 1 Mactra ashburnerii GABB, 1864, Paleontology Genus APHRODINA Conrad Calif., vol. 1, p. 153, pl. 22, fig. 127.- ARNOLD, 1909, U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. APHRODINA? ARATA (Gabb) 396, p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 4. Plate 48, figures 15, 16 Cymbophora ashburnerii GABB, 1869, Paleon- tology Calif., vol. 2, pp. 181, 236, pl. 29, fig. Meretrix arata GABB, 1864, Paleontology 69.-WHITEAVES, 1903, Canada Geol. Sur., Calif., vol. 1, p. 166, pl. 30, fig. 250.- Mesozoic Fossils, p.'374.-STEWART, 1930, PACKARD, 1916, Univ. Calif. Dept. Geol. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Spec. Pub. 3, Sci., Bull., vol. 9, no. 12, p. 146.-STEWART, p. 212, pl. 5, fig. 6a. 1930, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Spec. Spisula ashburnerii PACKARD, 1916, Univ. Pub. 3, p. 247, pl. 1, fig. 4. Calif. Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 9, no. 16, Distribution: Ladd formation, Baker p. 298, pl. 26, figs. 4, 5, pl. 27, fig. 1. member, very abundant and characteristic. Description: The following is a de- Discussion: This species is referred to scription of the left valve of this species: Aphrodina with some misgivings. The Chondrophore narrow and shallow, its material available for study is poorly floor being almost flush with the inner preserved, and it has so far proved im- face of the hinge-plate; on the anterior possible to expose the hinge without some border of the chondrophore is a very thin breakage of the teeth. The hinges so far laminar tooth (accessory lamella?) which uncovered seem identical with the hinge is separated from the posterior limb of of Aphrodina tippana Conrad (the geno- the bifid cardinal by a very narrow slit; type) except that the anterior lateral bifid cardinal tooth stout, limbs short; tooth and socket of A. tippana are rather lateral teeth strong and situated close to long and are striated, whereas these the beaks.

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Distribution: Ladd formation, Holz dinal tooth separated from a narrow shale member, rare; Williams formation, prominent laminar posterior tooth (ac- abundant. cessory lamella?) by a deep narrow slit; Discussion: The hinge of Cymbophora chondrophore and subumbonal cartilage ashburnerii was figured by Gabb (supra) groove as in the right valve; anterior and and his figure was reproduced by Pack- posterior lateral teeth single and strong. ard (supra). In neither figure, however, is Distribution: Ladd formation, Holz the dentition well represented. Stephen- member, rare; Williams formation, very son (15, pl. 85, figs. 5, 6) has figured both abundant. valves of Cymbophora trigonalis. The Discussion: The hinge of this species dentition of this latter species appears to accords in all ways with that of Cymbo- agree in every particular with the denti- phora ashburnerii. The species is doubt- tion of C. ashburnerii (the genotype) as less a true Cymbophora, for the difference revealed in this study. Stephenson's in sculpture separating the two forms is illustrations may serve as convenient probably of no more than specific im- examples of the dentition of this genus. portance. Whiteaves (supra, p. 142) and The hinge of the left valve of C. ash- Stewart (supra, p. 211) have called atten- burnerii is figured also in the present tion to the similarity of C. gabbiana to article. Mactra tripartita G. B. Sowerby of the Trichinopoly group of India. CYMBOPHORA GABBIANA (Anderson) Cymbophora gabbiana is especially well Plate 49, figure 2 represented in the Williams formation. Mactra ashburnerii GABB, 1864 (in part), Few large collections may be made from Paleontology Calif., vol. 1, p. 153. Cymbophora ashburnerii WHITEAVES, 1879, this formation without getting abundant Canada Geol. Sur., Mesozoic Fossils, p. 141, specimens of this species. The localities pl. 17, fig. 8, 1903, p. 373, not p. 374. in the Holz shale from which the species Mactra gabbiana ANDERSON, 1902, Calif. is obtained are high in the section near Acad. Sci. Proc. (3), vol. 2, no. 1, p. 74, pl. the Holz-Williams contact. The fossil 7, fig. 156.-STEWART, 1930, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Spec. Pub. 3, p. 211. thus appears to be a good marker for the Spisula gabbiana PACKARD, 1916, Univ. Calif. higher beds of the Upper Cretaceous of Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 9, no. 16, p. 299, this region. The abundance of the species pl. 27, fig. 2. in certain localities in the Upper Cre- Description: These notes describe the taceous beds of the Simi Hills and the dentition of this species. In the right Santa Monica Mountains of southern valve are two cardinal teeth joined at California is probably of considerable their dorsal ends; anterior cardinal tooth significance in the correlation of these short, thin, very oblique, nearly parallel sections with that of the Santa Ana to the dorsal shell-margin; posterior car- Mountains. dinal likewise narrow and rather short, aligned almost vertically beneath the Class beak; chondrophore shallow, rather nar- Subclass STREPTONEURA row, bounded dorsally by a thin oblique Order TAENIOGLOSSA posterior lamina which includes between it and the shell-margin, a deep narrow Family NATICIDAE cavity; posterior and anterior lateral Genus EUSPIRA Agassiz teeth stout and rather short, situated EUSPIRA SHUMARDIANA (Gabb) close to the umbonal region of the shell, Plate 49, figure 3 separated from the dorsal border by a deep socket; lunule and escutcheon un- Lunatia shumardiana GABB, 1864, Paleontol- defined; lateral teeth very lightly stri- ogy Calif., vol. 1, pp. 106, 224, pi. 19, fig. 61. Gyrodes compressus WARING, 1917, Calif. ated; in the left valve is a single strong Acad. Sci., Proc. (4), vol. 7, no. 4, p. 67, bifid (inverted V-shaped) anterior car- pl. 9, fig. 6.

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 399

Gyrodes californica PACKARD, 1922, closed Univ. umbilicus and the umbilical Calif. Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 13,callosity no. 10,that is truncate below the p. 429, pl. 35, figs. 2, 2a. Polinices shumardianus STEWART, 1927,umbilicus Acad. and broad above are so similar Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., vol. to the 78, characteristics p. of Euspira that I 325, pl. 21, fig. 11. have tentatively referred the species to Distribution: Ladd formation, Holz that genus. shale member, common; Williams forma- Euspira shumardiana appears to be tion, ?rare. limited in the Santa Ana Mountains to Discussion: Packard (supra) in de- the higher part of the Holz shale and to scribing Gyrodes californica differentiated the Williams formation. The individuals it from G. compressus Waring on the from the latter horizon are much smaller basis of the presence of a compressed than are those from the shale, but there subsutural zone in the latter species and seems no other basis for separating them. its absence in the former. I have been able in this study to compare rather large Genus AMPULLINA Lamarck collections of both species from the type AMPULLINA PACKARDI Popenoe, n. sp. localities of each. In any collection con- Plate 49, figures 4, 5 taining as many as half a dozen in- dividuals, some specimens will show this Amauropsis pseudoalveata PACKARD, 1922 (in part), Univ. Calif. Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., depressed subsutural zone and some will vol. 13, no. 10, p. 429, not plate 35, figs. la, not. In other respects no features upon lb, 3. which two separate species could be Description: Shell small to medium in erected are discernible. The presence or size, robust; rather short; body absence of this depression is believed to be a feature of individual variation and of whorl very large, about seven-eighths the height of the shell; suture linear, less than specific importance. Packard's bordered by a narrow sloping shoulder; species and Waring's species are there- whorl just below the shoulder markedly fore conspecific. impressed by a shallow encircling sulcus; Gyrodes, to which this species has been remainder of body whorl globular; an- referred, was established by Conrad in terior apertural margin only slightly 1860 as a subgenus of Natica. Since that produced; excavated anteri- time, it has been treated as a distinct orly and covered with a smooth heavy genus by nearly every worker who has callus that entirely conceals the um- had occasion to study the group. In re- bilicus; anterior apertural margin rather viewing Gyrodes, Meek remarked (13, p. broadly rounded with a conspicuous 309): fasciole; aperture narrow posteriorly; This genus is readily distinguished by its ornamentation of fine growth-lines with thin shell, wide open umbilicus, bounded by development occasionally of fine, nar- an angular more or less crenate margin and without a trace of callosity within, as well as row, regularly spaced axial lines. by the truncated, slightly concave, and more Holotype: California Inst. Technology or less wrinkled upper edge of its volutlons-a Invert. Paleo. Cat. no. 3453. combination of characters unknown in any other type of the Naticidae. Dimensions of holotype: Length, 24.1 mm., diameter of last whorl, 20.8 mm. Every feature mentioned by Meek as Distribution: Ladd formation, Holz characterizing Gyrodes is absent from the shale member, common and character- species here discussed, which can in no istic. way be considered to be Gyrodes. The Discussion: Doctor Packard evidently species accords well with Polinices shu- included this species in his description of mardianus (Gabb) as figured by Stewart "Amauropsis" pseudoalveata, which rep- (supra). The species may be a Polinices, resents a distinct species and is confined as Stewart suggests. Its narrow, almost in its occurrence in the Santa Ana Moun-

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 400 WILLIS PARKISON POPENOE tains to the horizon of the Baker member of the shale portion of the Cretaceous of the Ladd formation. section of the Santa Ana Mountains. Ampullina packardi is distinguished This species appears in three well-char- from A. pseudoalveata by these features: acterized zones, each zone bearing a dis- A. packardi has a narrow, sloping tinct mutation of the species. The lower- shoulder to the whorl, a pronounced mosten- zone is that of the more shaly beds circling sulcation below the shoulder, inand the upper half of the Holz shale, ex- a rather short and rounded anterior tending from about the middle part of apertural margin. A. pseudoalveata the has shale a section, to within two hundred rather broad, flat or channeled shoulder feet of the top of this member. The to the whorl, is nearly flat to slightly second zone includes a series of sandy concave below the shoulder, has abeds pro- with a probable maximum thickness duced and peaked anterior apertural of two hundred feet, at the very top of margin, and averages at least one-half the Holz shale member. The third zone again larger than A. packardi. The dif- is that of the uppermost beds of the Wil- ference in stratigraphic position of the liams formation. two species has been outlined above. The mutation of Turritella chicoensis A. packardi may be a descendant of characteristic of the lowermost zone out- A. pseudoalveata, for its immature mem- lined above is a medium-sized shell that bers resemble the individuals of the is indistinguishable from typical T. larger and geologically older species chicoensis con- from the type locality in the siderably in general appearance. There canyon is of Chico Creek, Butte County, but little doubt that the two species California. are This shell has rounded whorls, closely related. a depressed suture, four or five raised, rather widely spaced spirals on each Family TURRITELLIDAE whorl, and a narrow unornamented band on each side of the suture. This Genus TURRITELLA Lamarck form is figured on plate 49, figure 7. The TURRITELLA CHICOENSIS Gabb mutation of T. chicoensis found in the Plate 49, figures 7, 9, 10 zone at the top of the Holz shale is a Turritella chicoensis GABB, 1864, Paleontology giant form, reaching in some individuals Calif, vol. 1, p. 133, pl. 21, fig. 91.- a length of 100 mm., or twice the length STEWART, 1927, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel- of the largest specimens of the species phia, Proc., vol. 78, p. 348, pl. 21, fig. 1. Turritella pescaderoensis? ARNOLD, 1908, U. S. found in the zone below. Except for their Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 34, p. 358, pl. 31, robust size, these giants do not differ fig. 7.-PACKARD, 1916, Univ. Calif. Dept. materially in either form or sculpture Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 142, 143, from the typical dwarf variety of the 145,148. species. The third mutant of this species Distribution: (a) Dwarf form, typical- is found in the uppermost beds of the middle and upper but not uppermost Williams formation. This mutant is a horizons of the Holz shale member, Ladd giant form that has developed a flat- formation, abundant and characteristic. sided whorl in many individuals due to (b) Giant form, round-whorled-upper- the formation of strong spirals close to most horizon of the Holz shale member, the suture line on both sides of the Ladd formation, very abundant and char- suture. This change in sculpture and acteristic. whorl-shape would justify the description (c) Giant form, flat-whorled-Williams of this mutant as a distinct species were formation, occasional. it not for the fact that fully one-half of Discussion: Turritella chicoensis, one of the giant individuals appearing at this the most persistent and abundant fossils horizon are exactly like the round- of the upper part of the Holz shale, was whorled giants found in the highest beds selected by Packard as the "zone fossil" of the Holz shale. Some of these flat-

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms MOLLUSCA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 401 sided mutants from the Williams forma- lines only, or of very faint spiral lines in tion are immense-perfect individuals additionin to the growth lines; growth- some instances equaling or exceeding a lines inclined away from the aperture on length of 100 mm. and being correspond- the posterior part of the whorl, toward ingly robust. the aperture on the anterior part of the whorl, and crossing the base in almost a TURRITELLA IOTA Popenoe, n. sp. straight line. Plate 49, figure 8 Holotype: California Inst. Technology, Description: Shell of medium size, Invert. Paleo. Cat. no. 3458. rather slender: whorls shallowly concave Paratype: California Inst. Technology, along the posterior four-fifths of the Invert. Paleo. Cat. no. 3459, 3460. whorl, the sides of the whorl diverging to Dimensions of holotype: Length (in- a definite keel or shoulder near the an- complete), 20.0 mm., diameter, 9.4 mm. terior suture, thence sloping abruptly Dimensions of a paratype: Length, 26.0 from the keel inward to the suture; sculp- mm., diameter, 9.3 mm. ture of three or four strong beaded Distribution: Ladd formation, Holz spirals, separated by numerous fine shale member, common. spirals developed between the principal Discussion: Turritella ossa is confined ones; aperture almost quadrate. in its distribution almost entirely to a Holotype: California Inst. Technology number of scattered localities in the Invert. Paleo. 3457. upper half of the Holz shale. It is quite Dimensions of holotype: Length abundant(in- at these localities. complete), 37.4 mm., diameter, 8.6 mm. The species differs from any other Distribution: Ladd formation, Holz California Cretaceous Turritella I have member, rare. seen in the shape of its whorl, and in its Discussion: This Turritella is found very faint or obsolete sculpture. It is ap- rarely at a horizon very low in the parently Holz represented in the Upper Cre- shale member, a short distance strati- taceous beds of the Simi Hills, Los graphically above the contact between Angeles County, California. I know of no the Holz and Baker members of the Ladd other occurrence of the species. formation.

This species resembles somewhat Tur- REFERENCES ritella whiteavesi Anderson and Hanna but differs from it in the pronounced 1. CONRAD, T. A., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel- phia, Jour., vol. 4, p. 289, 1860. keel on the anterior part of the whorls 2. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, and on the slightly concave outline of the Proc., vol. 16, p. 213, text fig., 1864. whorl posterior to this keel. 3. Am. Jour. Conchology, vol. 6, pp. 72, 73, 1870-1871. TURRITELLA OSSA Popenoe, n. sp. 4. COSSMAN, M., Coquilles Fossiles de l'Eo- Plate 49, figure 6 cene des Environs de Paris, p. 113, 1886. 5. CLARK, B. L., Pelecypoda from the ma- Description: Shell small, rather slender; rine Oligocene of western North apical angle about 18?; whorls gently America: Univ. Calif. Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 15, no. 4, 1925. convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly, 6. CLARK, W. B., and MARTIN, G. C., slightly inflated just posterior to the Eocene deposits of Maryland: Mary- suture, constricted at the suture; suture land Geol. Survey, p. 171, 1901. linear; side and base of whorl meeting 7. DALL, in W. H., The Tertiary fauna of Florida: Wagner Free Inst. Science, a smooth rounded curve; base oblique, Trans., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 604, 1898. gently convex, ornamented with a few 8. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 26, very faint spiral lines most prominent p. 933, 1903. at the juncture of the side and base of 9. GABB, WILLIAM MORE, California Geol. Survey, Paleontology, vol. 1, 1864. the whorl; aperture quadrate, slightly 10. GARDNER, JULIA, The molluscan fauna higher than wide; sculpture of growth- of the Alum Bluff group of Florida:

This content downloaded from 131.215.70.224 on Tue, 10 Mar 2020 17:26:06 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 402 WILLIS PARKISON POPENOE

U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 16. Upper 142-A, Cretaceous fossils from p. 22, 1926. Georges Bank (including species from 11. HOLZAPFEL, E., Die Mollusken der Banquereau, Nova Scotia): Geol. Soc. Aachener Kreide: Paleontographica, America, Bull., vol. 47, no. 3, 1936. Band 35, 1889. 17. STEWART, R. B., Gabb's California fossil 12. JUKES-BROWN, A. J., On the genera of type gastropods: Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- Veneridae represented in the Creta- delphia, Proc., vol. 78, 1927. ceous and older Tertiary deposits: 18. Gabb's California Cretaceous and Malac. Soc. London, Proc., vol. 8, 1908. Tertiary type lamellibranchs: Acad. 13. MEEK, F. B., A report on the inverte- Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Spec. Pub. 3, brate Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils of 1930. the upper Missouri country: U. S. 19. STOLICZKA, FERDINAND, The Cretaceous Geol. Survey of the Territories, vol. 9, fauna of southern India, the Pelecy- 1876. poda: Mem. Geol. Survey India, Pale- 14. PALMER, K. W., The Veneridae of east- ontologia Indica, ser. 6, no. 3, 1871. ern America, Cenozoic and Recent: 20. WHITEAVES, J. F., Canada Geol. Survey, Paleont. Americana, vol. 1, pt. 5, p. 6, Mesozoic Fossils, vol. 1, 1876-1903. 1927. 21. WooDs, HENRY, A monograph of the 15. STEPHENSON, L. W., The Cretaceous for- Cretaceous Lamellibranchia of Eng- mations of North Carolina: North land: Mon. Paleontographical Soc., Carolina Geol. and Econ. Survey, vol. 5,vol. 1, 1899-1903, vol. 2, 1904-13. 1923.

NOTE: The manuscript of this paper was received by the editor July 22, 1936.

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