Town of Mount Pleasant Conservaon Advisory Council Nave Plant Resource Guide Introducon to the Guide

Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Plants Nave Plants Recommended for TriState Area Herbaceous Flowering Perennials, Evergreen Trees, Broadleaf Evergreen Shrubs, Vines, Woody Groundcovers, Shade Trees, Deciduous Flowering Trees Pages 1 - 3 Deer Resistant Nave Plants Grasses, Herbaceous Plants, Herbaceous Emergents, Ferns, Vines, Groundcovers, Shrubs, Evergreen Trees, Trees Pages 4 - 5 Edible Fruing Trees and Shrubs Nave Plants that Aract Birds Shrubs, Trees Page 6 Nave Plants that Aract Buerflies and Hummingbirds Wildflowers, Vines, Shrubs, Trees Sunny Rain Gardens Grasses, Wet-Meadow Herbaceous Page 7 Shady Rain Gardens Ferns, Wetlands, Shrubs and Trees Page 8 Nave Plants for Erosion Control Nave Trees for Salt Tolerance Evergreen Trees, Flowering Deciduous, Deciduous Shrub, Deciduous Tree Page 9 Nave Plants for Bio-retenon & Vegetave Swales Grasses, Perennials, Small Trees and Shrubs Page 10 Nave Plants for Dry Soil Full Sun: Ferns, Wildflowers, Vines, Groundcovers, Shrubs, Trees Paral to Full Shade: Ferns, Grasses, Shrubs, Trees Page 11 Nave Plants for Limestone Soils Trees & Shrubs, Herbaceous Plants, Ferns, Grasses, Vines Page 12 Nave Plants for Wetlands-Riparian Areas Trees, Shrubs, Grasses, Perennials, Ferns Page 13 INTRODUCTION TO THE GUIDE

Our nave wildlife and plants evolved over thousands of years into a deeply integrated ecosystem of food producers and food consumers. Ecosystems are that complex interdependent relaonship of living things, organic and inorganic material (from microbes to mammals, mountains and rocks) that in healthy combinaon support a chain of life that includes our own. Invasive and non nave plants can disrupt that chain by outcompeng and replacing nave species, reducing species diversity and altering natural ecological paerns. There are consequences from the reducon or eliminaon of nave species in this chain that we have all come to depend on for clean water, clean air and abundant food. Invasive or non nave vegetaon offers no value in supporng ecosystems but instead do damage as they easily proliferate past his property lines onto neighbors' yards, parkland and other open spaces. This guide is intended to be a comprehensive resource for homeowners and developers interested in supporng the valuable environmental services provided by nave plants in their landscaping plans. It includes a list of vegetaon nave to this region followed by secons where those plants are listed in various landscaping use categories i.e. deer resistant, erosion control, salt tolerant, bird habitat etc. It will serve as a guide toward the important goal of providing environmental services and habitat values for wildlife as well as aesthec qualies. By providing nave habitat to support healthy ecosystems, homeowners can be good backyard environmental stewards on a quarter acre lot every bit as much as an estate or large preserve. Environmentalists, recognizing the inevitable development of open space, calculate that the most promising and largest opportunity for nave plant preservaon may be the perimeter and backyards of subdivision homes. The nave plant opons for this "open space," all good alternaves to invasive non naves plants, are available in local nurseries and more informaon is readily available at the Nave Plant Center at Westchester Community College. The Conservaon Advisory Council has noted that most home builders and developers support using nave planngs in their landscaping plans for new construcon, recognizing the aesthec, environmental and markeng value. It is though le to the homeowner to connue to support this valuable contribuon to maintaining good ecosystems. We hope that this guide will provide an efficient and easy resource for everyone from home gardeners to landscape architects. A lot is at stake including recreaonal fishing and boang, agriculture, healthy bee populaons and the simple pleasure of seeing buerflies in our backyards.

TOWN OF MOUNT PLEASANT CONSERVATION ADVISORY COUNCIL Steven Kavee, Chair Compiled by members: GG Kopilak, Jo DiCostanzo, Susan Cember

This plant guide and was created from various sources including but not limited to The Native Plant Center, Rosedale Nurseries, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Native Landscapes, Inc., Native Plant Garden Center, Pawling, NY, Westchester County Go Native (Westchestergov.com). It is a guide with suggestions and not a definitive resource. PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES

PROHIBITED TERRESTRIAL PLANTS Reynoutria japonica, Japanese Knotweed Acer pseudoplatanus, Sycamore Maple Reynoutria sachalinensis, Giant Knotweed Achyranthes japonica, Japanese Chaff Flower Reynoutria x bohemica, Bohemian Knotweed Alliaria peolata, Garlic Mustard Rhamnus catharca, Common Buckthorn Ampelopsis brevipedunculata, Porcelain Berry Rosa mulflora, Muliflora Rose Anthriscus sylvestris, Wild Chervil Rubus phoenicolasius, Wineberry Aralia elata, Japanese Angelica Tree Salix atrocinerea, Gray Florist's Willow Artemisia vulgaris, Mugwort Silphium perfoliatum, Cup-plant Arthraxon hispidus, Small Carpet Grass Vitex rotundifolia, Beach Vitex Berberis thunbergii, Japanese Barberry Brachypodium sylvacum, Slender False Brome WETLAND PLANTS Cardamine impaens, Narrowleaf Biercress Frangula alnus, Smooth Buckthorn Celastrus orbiculatus, Oriental Biersweet Glyceria maxima, Reed Manna Grass Centaurea stoebe, Spoed Knapweed Iris pseudacorus, Yellow Iris Cirsium arvense, Canada Thistle Lythrum salicaria, Purple Loosestrife Cynanchum louiseae, Black Swallow-wort Murdannia keisak, Marsh Dewflower Cynanchum rossicum, Pale Swallow-wort Phragmites australis, Common Reed Grass Dioscorea polystachya, Chinese Yam Dipsacus laciniatus, Cut-leaf Teasel AQUATIC PLANTS Elaeagnus umbellata, Autumn Olive Cabomba caroliniana, Fanwort Euphorbia cyparissias, Cypress Spurge Egeria densa, Brazilian Waterweed Euphorbia esula, Leafy Spurge Hydrilla vercillata, Hydrilla/ Water Thyme Ficaria verna, Lesser Celandine Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, European Frogbit Heracleum mantegazzianum, Giant Hogweed Ludwigia hexapetala Uruguayan Primrose Willow Humulus japonicus, Japanese Hops Ludwigia peploides, Floang Primrose Willow Imperata cylindrica, Cogon Grass Myriophyllum aquacum, Parrot-feather Lepidium lafolium, Broad-leaved Pepper-grass Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Broadleaf Water-milfoil Lespedeza cuneata, Chinese Lespedeza Myriophyllum spicatum, Eurasian Water-milfoil Ligustrum obtusifolium, Border Privet Nymphoides peltata, Yellow Floang Heart Lonicera japonica, Japanese Honeysuckle Potamogeton crispus, Curly Pondweed Lonicera maackii, Amur Honeysuckle Trapa natans, Water Chestnut Lonicera morrowii, Morrow's Honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica, Tartarian Honeysuckle Lonicera x bella, Fly Honeysuckle Lysimachia vulgaris, Garden Loosestrife Lythrum salicaria, Purple Loosestrife REGULATED Microstegium vimineum, Japanese Slt Grass Acer platanoides, Norway Maple Oplismenus hirtellus, Wavyleaf Basketgrass Clemas terniflora, Japanese Virgin's Bower Persicaria perfoliata, Mile-a- minute Weed Euonymus alatus, Burning Bush Phellodendron amurense, Amur Cork Tree Euonymus fortunei, Winter Creeper Phyllostachys aurea, Golden Bamboo Miscanthus sinensis, Phyllostachys aureosulcata, Yellow Groove Bamboo Chinese Silver Grass Pueraria montana, Kudzu Robinia pseudoacacia, Black Locust NATIVE PLANTS

HERBACEOUS FLOWERING PERENNIALS Heuchera americana and H. villosa (Coralbells) B/W Key to Typical Uses: Hibiscus moscheutos (Marsh Mallow) B/M/E B -- Borders Iris cristata (Crested Iris) W M – Meadows Iris versicolor (Blue Flag) E W -- Woodlands/Shade Jeffersonia diphylla (Twinleaf) W E -- Water Edges/Moist Liatris spicata (Blazing Star) B/M R -- Rock Gardens Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinal Flower) M/W/E Actaea pachypoda (Baneberry) W Lobelia siphilica (Great Blue Lobelia) M/W Amsonia tabernaemontana, A. hubrichi Mertensia virginica (Virginia Bluebells) W (Blue Star Flower) B/M Monarda didyma & M. fistulosa (Bee Balm) B/M Anemone canadensis (NaCve Anemone) W Oenothera species (Sundrops & Evening Primroses) B/M Anemone cylindrica (Thimbleweed) W Opuna humifusa (Eastern Prickly Pear) R Anemone virginiana (Virginia Anemone) W Pachysandra procumbens (Alleghany Spurge) W Aquilegia canadensis (Wild Columbine) W/R Penstemon digitalis (Smooth White Penstemon or Arisaema triphyllum (Jack-in-the-Pulpit) W Beardtongue) B/M Aruncus dioicus (Goatsbeard) B/M/W Phlox divaricata (Canadian Phlox) W Asarum canadense (Canadian Ginger) W Phlox maculata (Wild Sweet William) B/M Asarum shuleworthi (ShuMleworth’s Ginger) W Phlox paniculata (Garden Phlox) B/M Asclepias incarnata (Swamp Milkweed) M/E Phlox stolonifera (Creeping Phlox) W Asclepias tuberosa (BuMerfly Weed) M Phlox subulata (Moss Phlox) R Aster cordifolius (Heart-leaf Aster) W Physostegia virginiana (False Dragonhead) B/M Aster divaricatus (White Wood Aster) W Podophyllum peltatum (May Apple) W/E Aster ericoides (Heath Aster) B,/M Polemonium reptans (Creeping Polemonium) B/M Aster laevis (Smooth Aster) B/W Polygonatum biflorum (Solomon’s Seal) W Aster macrophyllus (Big Leaf Aster) W Porteranthus (aka Gillenia) trifoliata (Bowman’s Root) W Aster novae-angliae and cvs. (New England Aster) B/M Pycnanthemum mucum, P. flexuosum Aster novi-belgii and cvs. (New York Aster) B/M (Mountain Mint) B/M/E Bapsia -- all species (False Indigo) B/M Rudbeckia species (Black-eyed Susan) B/M Boltonia asteroides (Boltonia) B/M Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot) W Caltha palustris (Marsh Marigold) E Scutellaria serrata (Skullcap) W Chelone -- all species (Turtlehead) B/M Sisyrinchium angusfolium (Blue-eyed Grass) B/M Chrysogonum virginianum (Golden Star) W Smilacina racemosa (False Solomon’s Seal) W Cimicifuga racemosa (Snakeroot) W Solidago species (Golden Rod) B/M Clintonia borealis (Bluebead Lily) W Stokesia laevis (Stoke’s Aster) B/M Coreopsis species (Coreopsis or Tickseed) B/M Thalictrum dioicum (Early Meadow Rue) M/W Dicentra canadensis (Squirrel Corn) W Thermopsis villosa (Carolina False Lupine) B/M Dicentra cucullaria (Dutchman’s Breeches) W Tiarella cordifolia and T. wherryi (Foamflower) W Dicentra exima (Wild Bleeding Heart) W Tradescanum virginiana (Virginia Spiderwort) B/R/W Echinacea species (Coneflower) B/M Trillium cuneatum (Toad Trillium) W Eryngium yuccifolium (RaMlesnake Master) BM Trillium erectum (Wake Robin) W Eupatorium coelesnum (Hardy Ageratum) B/M Trillium grandiflorum (Snow Trillium) W Eupatorium purpureum [E. dubium., E. maculatum, E. Uvularia perfoliata (Perforated Bellwort) W rugosum] (Joe Pye Weed) B/M Veronia noveboracensis (Ironweed) B/M Filipendula rubra (Queen-of-the-Prairie) B/M Veronicastrum virginicum (Culver’s Root) B/M Galax urceolata (Beetle) W Viola culcullata (Marsh Blue Violet) M/W Genana andrewsii (BoMle GenCan) B/R Viola labradorica (Labrador Violet) W/R Geranium maculatum (SpoMed Geranium) M/W Viola pedata (Bird’s Foot Violet) W Helenium autumnale (Sneezeweed) B/M Waldsteinia fragarioides (Barren Strawberry) W Heliopsis helianthoides (Perennial Sunflower) B/M Zizia aurea (Golden Alexanders) M/E Hepaca aculiloba (Sharp-Lobed HepaCca) W

1 NATIVE PLANTS Cont’d (2)

FERNS Preferred Condions: DECIDUOUS FLOWERING SHRUBS Exposure: Soils: Aesculus parviflora (BoMlebrush Buckeye) S -- Sun A -- Average Soil Aronia arbufolia ‘Brilliant’ (Red Chokeberry) SH -- Shade H -- Humus Aronia melanocarpa (Black Chokeberry) M -- Moist Baccharis halimifolia (Groundsel) Adiantum pedatum (American Maidenhair Fern) SH/H Callicarpa americana (American Beautyberry) Athyrium felix-femina (Lady Fern) S/M/SH/A Calycanthus floridus (Sweet Shrub) Dennsaeda punclobula (Hay-Scented Fern) S/SH/A Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey Tea) 3 Cephalanthus Dryopteris carthusiana (Toothed Wood Fern) SH/A/H occidentalis (BuMonbush) Dryopteris cristata (Crested Wood Fern) SH/A/H Chionanthus virginicus (White Fringe) Dryopteris goldiana (Goldie’s Woodfern) SH/A/H Clethra acuminata (Cinnamon Pepperbush) Dryopteris marginalis (Leather Wood Fern) SH/A/H Clethra alnifolia (Sweet Pepperbush) Dryopteris spinulosa (aka D. carthusiana) (Tooth Wood Comptonia peregrina (Sweet Fern) Fern) SH/A/H Cornus racemosa (Gray Twig Dogwood) Dryopteris x australis (Dixie Wood Fern) SH/A/H Cornus sericea (Red Twig Dogwood) Maeuccia pennsylvanica (Ostrich Fern) (aka Euonymus atropurpureus (Eastern Wahoo) fall color. Struthiopteris) SH/M or A Fothergilla gardenii (Dwarf Fothergilla) Onoclea sensibilis (SensiCve Fern) S/M/SH/A or M Fothergilla major (Large Fothergilla) Osmunda cinnamomea (Cinnamon Fern) SH/A or H; M Hamamelis vernalis (Spring Witch Hazel) Osmunda claytoniana (Interrupted Fern) SH/H or A Hamamelis virginiana (Fall Witch Hazel) Osmunda regalis (Royal Fern) S or SH/M Hydrangea arborescens (Smooth Hydrangea) Hydran Polyschum acroschoides (Christmas Fern) SH/A or H gea quercifolia (Oakleaf Hydrangea) Thelypteris noveboracensis (New York Fern) S/M/SH/A or H Ilex vercillata (Winterberry) Itea virginica (Sweetspire) GRASSES AND RELATED PLANTS Lindera benzoin (Spicebush) Preferred Condions: Myrica pensylvanica (Bayberry) Exposure: Soils: Nemopanthus mucronatus (Mountain Holly) Ptelea trifoliata (Hoptree) sha S – Sun A -- Average Soil PS -- Part Shade M -- Moist Physocarpus opulifolius (Nine Bark) D -- Dry Rhus aromaca (Fragrant Sumac) Acorus calamus (Sweet Flag) S/M Rhus glabra (Smooth Sumac) Andropogon gerardi (Big Blue Stem) S/A Rhus typhina (Staghorn Sumac) Andropogon virginicus (Broom Sedge) S/A Rosa carolina (Carolina Rose) Brizia media (Quaking Grass) S/A Rosa palustris (Swamp Rose) Carex nigra (Black Blooming Sedge) S or PS/A or H Rosa virginiana (Virginia Rose) Carex pensylvanica (Pennsylvania Sedge) S or PS/A or H Salix discolor (Pussy Willow) Chasmanthium lafolium (Northern Sea Oats) S/A or D Staphylea trifolia (bladdernut) - seed pods for winter Elymus glaucus (Blue Wild Rye) S/A or D Sambucus canadensis (Canadian Elderberry) Equisetum hyemale (Horsetail or Scouring Rush) S/M Vaccinum angusfolium (Lowbush Blueberry) and cvs. Festuca glauca (Blue Fescue) S/A or D Vaccinum corymbosum (Highbush Blueberry) and cvs. V Panicum virgatum (Switch Grass) and cvs. S/A or M iburnum dentatum (Arrowwood) Schizachyrium scoparium (LiMle Bluestem) S/A or D Viburnum lantana (Wayfaring Tree incl. cv. ‘Mohican’)V Sporobolis heterolepsis (Prairie Dropseed) S/A or D iburnum lentago (Nannyberry) Sorghastrum nutans (Indian or Wood Grass) S or PS/A Viburnum prunifolium (Black Haw Viburnum)Viburnum trilobum (American Cranberry Bush)

2 NATIVE PLANTS Cont’d (3)

BROADLEAF EVERGREEN SHRUBS (INCLUDING NATIVE SHADE TREES AZALEAS) Acer rubrum (Red [Swamp] Maple) and hybrids with Silver Azalea [Rhododendron] arborescens (Sweet Azalea) Maple [Acer x freemanii] Azalea [Rhododendron] atlancum (Coastal Azalea) Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple) Azalea [Rhododendron] calendulaceum (Flame Azalea) Betula nigra (River Birch) Azalea [Rhododendron] nudiflora (Pinxterbloom Azalea) Betula papyrifera (Paper White or Canoe Birch) Azalea [Rhododendron] vaseyi (Pink-Shell Azalea) Carya cordiformis (BiMernut) Azalea [Rhododendron] viscosum (Swamp Azalea) Carya ovata (Shagbark Hickory) [ All nave, deciduous Azalea (Rhododendron) species] Fagus grandifolia (American Beech) Ilex glabra (Inkberry) including cvs. ‘Compacta’, ‘Densa’, Gleditsia triacanthos (Honeylocust) ‘Nigra’, ‘Shamrock’ Gymnocladus dioicus (Kentucky Coffee Tree) Ilex opaca (American Holly) and cvs. Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) Kalmia angusfolia (Sheep Laurel) Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweet Gum) Kalmia lafolia (Mountain Laurel) and cvs. Liriodendron tulipifera (Tulip Tree) Leucothoe [‘L. axillaris’, ‘L. catesbaeis’, ‘L. fontanesiana’] Nyssa sylvaca (Sour Gum) (Leucothoe) Ostrya virginiana (American Hop Hornbeam) Rhododendron maximum (Rosebay Rhododendron) Quercus alba (White Oak) Zenobia pulverulenta (Dusty Zenobia) Quercus bicolor (Swamp White Oak) Quercus coccinea (Scarlet Oak) VINES Quercus imbricaria (Shingle Oak) Aristolochia macrophylla (Dutchman’s Pipe) Quercus palustris (Pin Oak) Campsis radicans (Trumpet Vine) Quercus prinus (Chestnut Oak) Clemas virginiana (Virgin’s Bower) Quercus rubra (Northern Red Oak) Decumaria barbara (NaCve Climbing Hydrangea) Sassafras albidum (Sassafras) Lonicera sempervirens (Trumpet Honeysuckle) Tilia americana (Basswood) Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia Creeper) Ulmus americana (American Elm) [Recommended Dutch Wisteria frutescens (American Wisteria) Elm Disease-resistant cvs. ‘Princeton’ & ‘Valley Forge’] Wisteria macrostachya (Kentucky Wisteria) DECIDUOUS FLOWERING TREES WOODY GROUNDCOVERS Aesculus octandra (aka A. flava) (Yellow Buckeye)Aesculus Andromeda polifolia (Bog Rosemary) glabra (Ohio Buckeye) Cornus canadensis (Bunchberry) Amelanchier canadensis, A. laevis, A. x lamarckii Gaultheria procumbens (Checkerberry or Wintergreen) (Shadbush, Shadblow, Juneberry) Gaylussacia species (Huckleberry) Asimina triloba (Pawpaw) fruit, deer resistant, need two Juniperus horizontalis (Horizontal Juniper) Cercis canadensis (Redbud, Whitebud) Mitchella repens (Partridgeberry) Chionanthus virginicus (White Fringe) Paxisma canbyi (Canby or Ratstripper) Cladrass Kentuckea (aka c. lutea) (Yellowwood) Vaccinium macrocarpon (Cranberry) Cornus alternifolia (Pagoda Dogwood) Xanthorhiza simplicissima (Yellow Root) Cornus florida (White Flowering)-disease resistant variety Conus obovatus (Smoke Tree) EVERGREEN TREES Crataegus crus-galli (Cockspur Hawthorn) Juniperus virginiana (Eastern Red Cedar) and cvs. Crataegus phaenopyrum (Washington Hawthorn) Magnolia grandiflora (Southern Magnolia) – Hardy cvs. Crataegus viridis ‘Winter King’ (Winter King Hawthorn) Fra ‘Bracken’s Brown Beauty & ‘Edith Bogue’ nklinia alatamaha (Franklinia) Picea glauca (White Spruce) Halesia moncola, H. tetraptera (Mountain Silverbell, Pinus strobus (White Pine) and cvs. Carolina Silverbell) Thuja occidentalis (Eastern or American Arborvitae) Magnolia acuminata (Cucumber Magnolia) including cvs. Magnolia virginiana ‘Glauca’ (Sweet Bay) ‘Hetz Wintergreen’,‘Nigra’, ‘Smargd’ [‘Emerald Green’] Oxydendrum arboreum (Sorrel Tree or Sourwood) and ‘Techney’ Viburnum lentago (Nannyberry) Tsuga canadensis (Canadian Hemlock) and cvs.

3 DEER RESISTANT PLANTS

GRASSES Lupinus perennis Purple Lupine Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Mertensia virginica Virginia Bluebells Calamagrosts sp. Reed Grass Monarda sp. Bee Balm Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania sedge Oenothera sp. Evening Primrose Carex plantaginea Plantainleaf sedge Pachysandra procumbens Allegheny spurge Carex stricta Sedge Penstemon digitalis Beardtongue Chasmanthium lafolium Northern Sea Oats Phlox divaricata Wild Blue Phlox Deschampsia cespitosa Tued hairgrass Phlox stolonifera Creeping Phlox Elymus virginicus. Virginia Wild Rye Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple Panicum virgatum.Tall Switch/Rehbraun Polemonium reptans Greek Valerian Panic Grass Potenlla tridenta Winged Leaved Potentlla Sporobolis heterolepis Prairie dropseed Pycnanthemum sp. Mountain Mint, & Narrrow Rudbekia fulgida Orange Cone Flower HERBACEOUS PLANTS Rudbekia hirta, sullivan Black-eyed Susan Actaea pachypoda, White Baneberry, Black racemosa, rubra Snakeroot,Red Baneberry R. subtomentosa Henry Eilers Sweet Coneflower Agastache sp. Hyssop Senecio aureus Golden Ragwort Agerana altssima White snakeroot Sisyrinchium angusfolium Blue - Eyed Grass Allium triccum Small White Leak Solidago species Goldenrod Aqueligia canadensis Red Columbine Symphyotrichum Amsonia hubrec Eastern Blue Star cordifolium Heart-leaved Aster Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Tiarella cordifolia Foam Flower Anemone quinquefolia Wood anemone Vernonia noveboracensis New York Ironweed Anemone virginiana Thimbleweed Veronicastrum virginicum Culvers Root Arisaema triphyllum Jack in the Pulpit Viola sp. Violet Aruncus dioicus Goatsbeard Zizia aurea Golden Aster Asarum canadense Canada Wild Ginger Asclepias tuberosa Buerfly Weed HERBACEOUS EMERGENTS Asclepias incarnate Swamp milkweed Iris prismaca Slender Blueflag Iris A. incarnata Milkmaid Swamp mlkwd Iris versicolor Blueflag Iris Aster novae –angliae New England Aster Astlbe biternata False goatsbeard FERNS Baptsia australis Wild Blue Indigo Adiantum pedatum Northern maidenhair Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold Dryopteris Wood fern Chelone glabra White Turtlehead Dryopteris goldiana Goldie’s wood fern Chrysogonum virginianum Golden Knee/Star Maeuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern Conoclinium coelesnum Blue Mislower Onoclea sensibilis Sensitve Fern Coreopsis sp. Tickseed Osmunda cinnamonea Cinnamon Fern Dicentra exima Wild Bleeding Heart Osmunda regalis Royal Fern Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower Polyschum acroschoides Christmas Fern Eupatorium coelesnium False Ageratum Thelypteris noveboracensi New York Fern Eupatorium rugosum Snakeroot Eupatorium dubium Joe Pye Weed VINES Eurybia divaricatus White Wood Aster Celastris scandens. Climbing Biersweet Eurybia spectabilis Eastern Showy Aster Clemas virginiana Virginia Virgins Bower Eutrochium maculatum Gateway Spoed JoePW Lonicera sempervirens. Trumpet Honeysuckle Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium Wisteria frutescens. Wisteria Helenium autumnale Common Sneezeweed Parthenocissud Heuchera americana Coral Bells quinquefolia Virginia Creeper Heuchera villosa Hairy Alumroot Hibiscus moscheutos Swamp Rosemallow GROUNDCOVERS Liatris spicata Dense Blazing Star Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi, Bearberry Lobelia cardinalis Red Cardinal Flower Pachysandra Lobelia siphilica Great Blue Lobelia procumbens Alleghany Spurge 4 DEER RESISTANT PLANTS, Cont’d (2)

SHRUBS TREES Aesculus parviflora Bolebrush Buckeye Acer negundo Box Elder Aralia spinosa. Hercules club Acer rubrum Red Maple Calycanthus floridus Sweetshrub, Carol. Allsp. Acer saccharum Silver Maple Clethra alnifolia Sweet Pepperbush Amelanchier canadensis Shad Tree, Serviceberry Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood Betula allegheniensis Yellow Birch Hamamelis virginiana American Witch Hazel Betula lenta Sweet Birch Hypericum frondosum St. Johns WortÄ Betula nigra River Birch Hypericum kalmianum Golden St. Johns Wort Carpinus caroliniana American Hornbeam Illex glabra. Inkberry Cercis canadensis E astern Red/White Bud Illex laevigata Smooth Winterberry Holly Cornus alternifolia Alternate-Leaf Dogwood Illex vercillata Winterberry Holly Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood Kalmia lafolia Mountain Laurel Diospyros virginiana Persimmon Leucothoe racemosa Feerbush Fagus grandifolia American Beech Lindera benzoin Spicebush Fraxinus americana White Ash Myrica cerifera Bayberry Fraxinus pennsylvannica Green Ash Myrica pensylvanica Northern Bayberry Illex opaca American Holly Rhus glabra Smooth Sumac Itea virginica Henry’s Garnet Virginia Salix discolor Pussywillow Sweetspire Spiraea alba Narrow-leaf Juniperus virginiana Red Cedar Meadowsweet Magnolia virginiana Sweetbay Magnolia Spiraea lafolia Northern Meadowsweet Nyssa sylvaca Black Gum Spiraea tomentosa Steeplebush Phonia pyrifolia Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Indian Currant Coralberry ‘Brillianssima’ Red Chokeberry Vaccinium sp. Blueberry Pinus echinta Shortleaf Pine Viburum acerifolium Maple-leaf Viburnum Pinus rigida Pitch Pine Viburnum dentatum. Arrow-wood Pinus serona Pond Pine Viburnum lentago Nannyberry Pinus taeda Loblolly Pine Viburnum nudum Witherod Pinus virginiana Virginia Pine Viburnum prunifolium Smooth black-haw Potenlla frucosa Bush Cinquefoil i Quercus alba White Oak Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak EVERGREEN TREES Quercus coccinera Scarlet Oak Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlanc White Cedar Quercus falcata Southern Red Oak Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar Quercus lyrata Overcup Oak Magnolia grandiflora Southern Magnolia Quercus marlandica Blackjack Oak Picea glauca White Spruce Quercus michauxii Swamp Chestnut Oak Pinus rigida Pitch Pine Quercus nigra Water Oak Picea pungens Blue Spruce Quercus palustris Pin Oak Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas Fir Quercus phellos Willow Oak Quercus prinus Chestnut Oak Quercus rubra Northern Pin/Red Oak Quercus stellata Post Oak Quercus veluna Black Oak Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Symphoricarpus albus Snowberry

Try these plants but know that deer treat your yard like a buffet line, so keep in mind that deer in your neighborhood may have already developed a taste for some of these plants. Unfortunately, deer do not read lists.

5 EDIBLE FRUITING TREES AND NATIVE PLANTS THAT SHRUBS (not all native) ATTRACT BIRDS

Aronia arbufolia Red Chokeberry* SHRUBS Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry* Alnus species Alder Asimina triloba Paw Paw Amelachier species Serviceberry Crataegus crusgalli var. inermis Hawthorne Aronia species Chokeberry Callicarpa americana American Beautyberry Malus ‘Cortland‘ Cortland Apple Chionanthus virginicus Fringetree Malus ‘Honey Crisp‘ Honey Crisp Apple Cornus species Dogwood Malus ‘McIntosh’ McIntosh Apple Corylus species Hazelnut Malus ‘Red Delicious’ Red Delicious Galyussacia species Huckleberry Prunus marima Apple Beach Plum Ilex species Holly Prunus ‘Mount Royal‘ Mount Royal Plum Juniperus species Juniper Prunus serona Black Cherry Lindera benzoin Spicebush Prunus virginiana Chokeberry Myrica pensylvanica Northern Bayberry Prunus x ‘Mericrest‘ Mericrest Nectarine Nemopnathus mucronatus Mountain Holly Prunus x ‘Reliance’ Reliance Peach Prunus species Cherry, Plum Pyrus x ‘Bartle‘ Bartle Pear Rhus species Sumac Pyrus x ‘Moonglow’ Moonglow Pear Ribes species Gooseberry, Currant Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Rosa species Rose Vaccinium angusfolium Low bush blueberry-small Brunswick Bluebe Rubus species Raspberry, Blackberry Vaccinium ‘Brunswick rry Burgundy Blueberry Sambucus canadensis Elderberry iVacc inium ‘Burgundy’ Northern Highbush Symphoriocarpus Snowberry, Coralberry Vaccinium corymbosum Blueberry ‘Eliot’ Taxus canadensis Canada Yew

Northern Highbush Vaccinium species Blueberry, Cranberry Vaccinium corymbosum ‘Northland‘ Northland Blueberry ‘ Northland’ TREES Abies species Fir Vaccinium corymbosum Northern Highbush Amelanchier arborea Serviceberry Rubel Blueberry ‘Rubel’ Aralia spinosa Devil’s Walking Sck Vitus ‘Concord’ Seedless Concord Grape Betula species Birch Vitus ‘Niagara‘ Niagara Grape (Green) Carpinus caroliniana American Hophornbeam Cels occidentalis Hackberry Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlanc White Cedar Cornus species Dogwood Crataegus species Hawthorn Fagus grandifolia American Beech Ilex species Holly Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar Picea species Spruce Pinus species Pine Prunus pensylvanica Pin Cherry Sassafras albidum Sassafras Sorbus americana American Mountain Ash Thuja occidentalis Northern White Cedar Tsuga canadensis Eastern Hemlock Viburnum species Nannyberry, Blackhaw, Rusty Blackhaw

6 NATIVE PLANTS THAT ATTRACT BUTTERFLIES & HUMMINGBIRDS SUNNY RAIN GARDENS

GRASSES WILDFLOWERS Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Actea racemosa Black Cohosh Carex Pendula Drooping Sedge Amsonia tabernaemontana Bluestar Carex stricta Tussock Sedge Aqueligia canadensi Wild Columbine Elymus hystrix Bolebrush Grass Aruncus dioicus Goats Beard Elymus virginicus Wild Rye Asclepias species Buerflyweed

Aster species Aster WET-MEADOW HERBACEOUS Chelone glabra Turtlehead Asclepias incarnata Pink or Swamp Milkweed Coreopsis species Tickseed Aster novae-angliae New England Aster Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower Aster puniceus Purple-stemmed Aster Eupatorium species Joe Pye Weed, Boneset Aster shori Short's Aster Helenium autumnale Sneezeweed Aster umbellatus Flat-topped Aster Helianthus species Sunflower Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye Coreopsis tripteris Tall Tickseed Liatris species Blazing Star Eupatorium coelesnum Blue Mist Flower Lilium species Lily Eupatorium fistulosum Joe Pye Weed Lobelia cardinalis Red Cardinal Flower Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset Lobelia siphilica Great Blue Lobelia Genana clausa Bole Genan Lupinus perennis Blue Lupine Helenium autumnale Common Sneezeweed Monarda didyma Oswego Tea Helianthus giganteus Tall Sunflower Monarda fistulosa Bergamot Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye Phlox species Phlox Heuchera american Coral Bells Physotegia virginiana Obedient Plant Hibiscus moscheutos Swamp Rose Mallow Rudbeckia species Black Eyed Susan Liatris spicata Blazing Star Solidago species Goldenrod Lilium superbum Turk’s Cap Lily Spigelia marlandica Indian Pink Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower Lobelia syphilica Great Blue Lobelia VINES Monarda didyma Bee-balm Campsis radicans Trumpetcreeper Monarda media Purple Bergamot Lonicera species Honeysuckle Penstemon digitalis White Beardtongue SHRUBS Physostegia virginiana Obedient Plant Callicarpa americana American Beautyberry Rudbeckia laciniata Green-headed Coneflower Ceanothus americanus New Jersey Tea Rudbeckia fulgida Black-Eyed-Susan Cephalanthus occidentalis Buonbush Rudbeckia maxima Elephant Ears Coneflower Chamaedaphne calyculata Leatherleaf Rudbeckia triloba Three-lobed Coneflower Clethra species Summersweet Solidago rugosa Rough-stemmed Goldenrod Diervilla lonicera Bush Honeysuckle Verbena hastata Blue Vervain Fothergilla species Fothergilla Vernonia noveboracensis New York Ironweed Itea virginica Virginia Sweetspire Veronicastrum virginicum Culver's Root Lindera benzoin Spicebush Physocarpus opulifolius Eastern Ninebark Rhododendron species Rhododendron Spiraea alba Meadowsweet Symphoriocarpus orbiculatus Coralberry Vaccinium species Blueberry/Cranberry TREES Aesculus species Buckeye Amelanchier canadensis Serviceberry Cels occidentalis Hackberry Illex vercillata Winterberry Prunus pensylvanica Pin Cherry Salix species Willow 7 SHADY RAIN GARDENS

Aquilegia canadensis Canada Columbine SHRUBS & TREES Andromeda polifolia Bog Rosemary Acer rubrum Red Maple Aruncus dioicus Goats Beard Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold Alnus serrulata Speckled Alder Chelone glabra White Turtlehead Amelanchier canadensis Shad Tree Chelone lyonii Turtlehead Amelanchier laevis Shadbush Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium Aronia arbufolia* Red Chokeberry Helianthus decapetalus Thin-leaved Sunflower Aronia melanocarpa* Black Chokeberry Helianthus divaricatus Woodland Sunflower Asimina triloba Pawpaw Hydrophyllum canadense Maple- leaved Waterleaf Betula nigra River birch Iris cristata Crested Iris Calycanthus floridus Sweetshrub Iris versicolor Northern Blue Flag Carpinus caroliniana American Hornbeam Luzula acuminata Hairy Woodrush Cels occidentalis Hackberry Mertensia virginica Virginia Bluebells Cephalanthus occidentalis Buonbush Mimulus ringens Monkey Flower Chamadaphne calyculata Leatherleaf Monarda clinopodia Basil Balm Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlanc White Cedar Phlox divaricata Woodland Phlox Chionanthus virginicus Fringetree Phlox maculata Meadow Phlox Clethra alnifolia Sweet Pepperbush Phlox paniculata Summer Phlox Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood Polemonium reptans Spreading Jacob's Ladder Cornus serieca* Red Twig Dogwood Senecio aureus Golden Ragwort Diervilla lonicara Dwarf Bush Honeysuckle Sisyrinchium angusfolium Blue-eyed Grass Fothergilla gardenii Dwarf Fothergilla Spiraea alba Meadowsweet Fothergilla major Large Fothergilla Stylophorum diphyllum Celandine Poppy Hamamelis vernalis* Vernal Witchhazel Thalictrum pubescens Tall Meadow Rue Hydrangea arborescens Wild Hydrangea Tradescana ohiensis Spiderwort Illex vercillata Winterberry Tradescana virginiana Spiderwort Itea virginica Virginia Sweetspire Viola striata Creamy Violet Lindera benzoin Spicebush Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum FERNS Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree Athyrium felix - femina Lady Fern Magnolia virginiana Sweetbay Magnolia Dryopteris marginalis Marginal Wood Fern Nyssa sylvaca Tupelo/Black Gum Maeuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark Onoclea sensibilis Sensive Fern Plantanus occidentalis* American Sycamore Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Osmunda regalis Royal Fern Quercus palustris Pin Oak Rhododendron maximum Rosebay WETLANDS & STANDING WATER Rhododendron viscosum Swamp Azalea Nuphar lutea Yellow Pond Lily Rhus aromaca Fragrant Sumac Pontederia cordata Pickerel Weed Rosa palustris Swamp Rose Saururus cernuus Lizard’s Tail Sambucus canadensis American Elderberry Sagiaria lafolia Duck Potato Spiraea alba Meadowsweet Taxodium dischum Bald Cypress Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood Viburnum lentago Nannyberry Viburnum nudum Smooth Witherod

8 NATIVE TREES FOR SALT TOLERANCE (Cont’d) NATIVE PLANTS FOR EVERGREEN TREES Abies balsems Balsam Fir Low EROSION CONTROL Phanerolepis Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar High Acorus americanus Sweelag Picea glauca White Spruce Medium Agastache foeniculum Hyssop Pimus rigida Pitch Pine Low Andropogon species Beard Grass, Bluestem Pinus strobus White Pine Low Asteraceae species Asters Pinus virginiana Virginia (Scrub) Pine Low Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold, Kingcup Thuja occidentalis Eastern Arborvitae Medium Carex species Grasses & sedges Chasmanthium latifolium Northern Sea Oats FLOWERING Dennstaedtia punctilobula Hay-scented Fern DECIDUOUS Eupatorium species Joe Pye Weed Amelanchier canadensis Shadblow ServiceberryHigh Iris versicolor Northern Blueflag Iris Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud Low Iris virginica Southern Blueflag Iris Crataegus crusgalli var. Cockspur Hawthorn High Juncus effusus So/Common Rush inermis Juncus tenuis Path Rush Crataegus punctata var. Ohio Pioneer Doed Medium Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern inermis 'Ohio Pioneer' Hawthorn Monarda didyma Scarlet Bee Balm Malus sp. and cvs. Crabapple Medium Monarda fistulosa Wild Bergamot Prunus americana American Plum Low Onoclea sensibilis Sensive Fern Panicum virgatum Blue Switch Grass DECIDUOUS SHRUB Pycnanthemum muticum Mountainmint Chionanthus virginicus White Fringe Tree Low Pycnanthemum flexuosum Slender Mountainmint Hamamelis vernalis Vernal Witchazel High Schizachyrium scoparium Bluestem Myrica Pensylvanica Northern Bayberry Medium Scirpus cyperinus Wool Grass Rhus typhina Staghorn Sumac High Senecio aureus Golden Ragwort Rosa wichuriana Memorial Rose Low Solidago graminifolia Grass-leaved Goldenrod Salix alba White Willow Low Solidago rigida Sff Goldenrod Salix purpurea Purpleosier Willow High Solidago rugosa ‘Fireworks’ Goldenrod Viburnum lantana Wayfaringtree High Sorghastrum nutans Yellow Indiangrass Viburnum Typha angusfolium Narrow-leaved Caail Typha lafolia Broad-leaf Caail DECIDUOUS TREE Acer saccharum Sugar Maple Medium Gleditsia triacanthosvar. Thornless Honey High inermis Locust Gymnocladus dioica Kentucky Coffeetree High Liquidambar styraciflua American Sweetgum High Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Poplar Low NATIVE TREES FOR SALT TOLERANCE Populus deltoides Eastern Coonwood Medium Populus tremuloides Quaking Aspen Medium Quercus alba White Oak High NATIVE STREET TREES Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak High Acer pensylvanicum Striped Maple Quercus coccinea Scarlet Oak Medium Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory Quercus imbricaria Shingle Oak Medium Cels occidentalis Hackberry Quercus macrocarpa Burr Oak Medium Cercis canadensis Red Bud Quercus palustris Pin Oak Low Crateagus mollis Hawthorn Quercus rubra Red Oak High Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Quercus veluna Black Oak High Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Taxodium dischum Common BaldcypressHigh Gymnocladus diocia Kentucky Coffeetree Tilia americana American Linden Medium Liquidambar styraciflua American Sweetgum 'Redmond' Ostrya virginiana American Hophornbeam Ginko Male trees only Medium Platanus occidentalis Sycamore Acer x Freemani Freeman Maple Medium

9 NATIVE PLANTS FOR BIORETENSION AND VEGETATIVE SWALES

GRASSES Phlox divaricata Woodland Phlox Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Phlox stolo nifera Creeping Phlox Andropogon virginicus Broomsedge bluestem Physostegia virginiana Obedient Plant Carex crinita Fringed Sedge Rudbeckia fulgida Early Cone Flower Carex lurida Shallow Sedge Rudbeckia hirta Black Eyed Susan Carex stricta Tussock Sedge Rudbeckia laciniata Cutleaf Coneflower Chasmanthium lafolium River Oats Sedum ternatum Woodland Stonecrop Dichanthelium clandesnium Deer Tongue Senecio aureus Golden Ragwort Elymus hystrix Bolebrush Grass Solidago rugosa Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod Elymus riparius Riverbank Wild Rye Tiarella cordifolia Heartleaf Foamflower Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye Tradescana virginiana Virginia Spiderwort Eragross spectabilis Purple Lovegrass Verbena hastata var. hastata Swamp Verbena Festuca rubra Red Fescue Vernonia noveboracensis New York Iron Weed Juncus tenuis Slender Rush Juncus effusus So Rush SMALL TREES AND SHRUBS Leersia oryzoides Rice Cutgrass Alnus serrulata Smooth Alder Panicum virgatum Switch Grass Aronia arbufolia Red Chokecherry Schizachyrium scoparium Lile Bluestem Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokecherry Sorghastrum nutans Indian Grass Aronia prunifolia Purple Chokecherry Tridens flavus Purpletop Tridens Callicarpa americana American Beautyberry Ceanothus americanus New Jersey Tea PERENNIALS Cephalanthus occidentalis Common Buonbush Aquilegia canadensis Red Columbine Clethra alnifolia Coastal Sw Pepperbush Aruncus dioicus Goats Beard Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood Asarum canadense Canadian Wild Ginger Cornus sericea Redosier Dogwood Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Gaylussacia baccata Black Huckleberry Asclepias tuberosa Buerflyweed Hydrangea arborescens Wild Hydrangea Aster divaricatus White Wood Aster Hypericum densiflorum Bushy St. Johns Wort Aster laevis Smooth or blue bird Aster Illex glabra Inkberry Holly Aster lateriflorus Calico Aster Illex vercillata Winterberry Holly Aster novae - angliae New England Aster Itea virginica Virginia Sweetspire Aster novi-belgii New York Aster Kalmia lafolia Mountain Laurel Aster umbellatus Parasol Whitetop Aster Leucothoe racemosa Feerbush Bidens cernua Nodding Beggarcks Lindera benzoin Northern Spicebush Chelone glabra White Turtlehead Lyonia ligustrina Maleberry Chrysogonum virginianum Green and Gold Myrica cerifera S mall Wax Myrtle Actaea racemosa Black Snakeroot Physocarpus opulifolius Common E. Ninebark Coreopsis vercillata Threadleaf Coreopsis Rhododendron periclymenoides Pinxterbloom Azalea Eupatorium coelesnum Blue Mist Flower Rhododendron viscosum Swamp Azalea Eupatorium fistulosum Joe Pye Weed Rhus aromaca Fragrant Sumac Eupatorium perfoliaum Common Boneset Rhus copallina Shining or Winged Sumac Eupatorium rugosum White Snakeroot Rhus glabra Smooth Sumac Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium Rosa carolina Pasture Rose Helenium autmnale Common Sneezeweed Rosa palustris Swamp Rose Helianthus decapetalus Thin Leaved Sunflower Salix sericea Silky Willow Heuchera americana American Alumroot Sambucus canadensis Common Elderberry Hibiscus laevis Halberd - Leaf Rose Mallow Spirea alba Narrow -leaf Hibiscus moscheutos Crimson - Eyed Rose Meadowsweet Iris versicolor Blue Flag Iris Spirea lafolia Broad - Leaf Liatris squarrosa Grass-leaf Blazing Star Meadowsweet Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower Vaccinium angusfolium Lowbush Blueberry Lobelia siphilica Great Blue Lobelia Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush Blueberry Mertensia virginica Virginia Bluebells Vaccinium stamineum Deerberry Monarda didyma Scarlet Bee Balm Viburnum acerifolium Mapleleaf Viburnum Oenothera frucosa Narrow Leaved Sundrops Viburnum nudum Smooth Withered Vib. Onoclea sensibilis Sensive Fern Viburnum prunifolium Blackhaw Viburnum Penstemon digitalis Talus Slope Penstemon 10 NATIVE PLANTS FOR DRY SOIL PLANTS FOR FULL SUN PLANTS FOR FULL SUN (CONT’D) FERNS SHRUBS Cheilanthes lanosa Hairy Lip Fern Aronia arbufolia Red Chokeberry Cheilanthes tomentosa Woolly Lip Fern Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry Dennstaeda punclobula Hay-scented Fern Ceanothus americanus New Jersey Tea GRASSES Cels tenulifolia Dwarf Hackberry Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Chionanthus virginicus Fringetree Panicum virgatum Switch Grass Comptonia peregrina SweePern Schizachyrium scoparium Lile Bluestem Cornus racemosa Grey Dogwood Sorghstrum nutans Indian Grass Hypericum frondosum Golden St. Johns Wort WILDFLOWERS Hypericum kalmianum Kalms St. Johns Wort Asclepias tuberosa Buerfly Weed Ilex glabra Inkberry Aster ericoides Heath Aster Juniperus species Juniper Aster laevis Smooth Aster Kalmia lafolia Mountain Laurel Babsia australis Blue False Indigo Myrica pensylvanica Northern Bayberry Campanula rotundifolia Harebell Paxisma canbyi Mountain Lover Coreopsis lanceolata Tickseed Physocarpus opulifolius Eastern Ninebark Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye Potenlla frucosa Shrubby cinquefoil Lupinus perennis Lupine Prunus marima Beach Plum Monarda fistulosa Bergamot Rhus aromaca Fragrant Sumac Oenothera frucosa Sundrops Rhus glabra Smooth Sumac Opuna humifusa Eastern Prickly Pear Ribes odoratum Clove Currant Phlox pilosa Prairie Phlox Spiraea alba Meadowsweet Phlox subulata Moss-Pink Symphiocarpus albus Snowberry Potenlla tridentata Three Toothed-Cinquefoil Symphiocarpus orbiculatus Coralberry Rabida pinnata Prairie Coneflower Vaccinium angusfolium Low Sweet Blueberry Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed Susan Yucca filamentosa Adams Needle Silene virginica Fire Pink Solidago rugosa Rough Stm. Goldenrod Solidago speciosa Showy Goldenrod Tradescana ohiensis Smooth Spiderwort PLANTS FOR PARTIAL TO FULL SHADE Viola species Violet FERNS VINES Dryopeteris marginalis Marginal Shield Fern Campsis radicans Trumpetcreeper Polyschum acroschoides Christmas Fern Parthenocissud quinquefolia Virginia Creeper GRASSES GROUNDCOVERS Carex pensylvanica Sedge Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry WILDFLOWERS Waldsteinia fragarioides Barren Strawberry Anenome canadensis Canada Anemone TREES Aquilegia canadensis Wild Columbine Betula populifolia Gray Birch Aster divaricatus White Wood Aster Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory Eupatorium rugosum White Snakeroot Cels occidentalis Hackberry Geranium maculataum Wild Geranium Conus obovatus American Smoketree Heuchera americana Alumroot Crataegus spp. Hawthorn Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple Gleditsia triacanthos Honeylocust Potenlla tridentata Three Toothed Cinquefoil Gymnocladus dioicus Kentucky Coffeetree Rudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed Susan Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar SHRUBS Liquidamber styraciflua Sweetgum Chionanthus virginicus Fringetree Nyssa sylvaca Blackgum Diervilla lonicera Bush-honeysuckle Ostrya virginiana Eastern Hophornbeam Kalmia lafolia Mountain Laurel Pinus rigida Pitch Pine TREES Platanus occidentalis American Sycamore Cels occidentalis Hackberry Populus deltoides Eastern Coonwood Ilex opaca American Holly Populus tremuloides Quaking Aspen Ostrya virginiana Eastern Hophornbeam Quercus spp. Oaks Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood Thuja occidentalis Northern White Cedar Picea glauca White Spruce 11 NATIVE PLANTS FOR LIMESTONE SOILS

TREES & SHRUBS Rubus species Blackberry/Raspberry Aesculus parviflora Boebrush Buckeye Ribes americanum American Black Currant Acer species Maple Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust Amelanchier canadensis Shad Tree Rosa virginiana Virginia Rose Amelanchier laevis Paw Paw Salix nigra Black Willow Betula lutea Yellow Birch Sambucus canadensis American Elderberry Betula papyrifera Paper Birch Symphoricarpos albus Common Wh. Snowberry Betula populifolia Gray Birch Thuja occidentalis Northern White Cedar Betula pumila Low Birch Tilia americana American Linden Carpinus caroliniana American Hornbeam Ulmus americana American Elm Carya cordiformis Biernut Hickory Viburnum lentago Nannyberry Catalpa speciosa Northern Catalpa Viburnum prunifolium Blackhaw Cephalanthus occidentalis Common Hackberry Cels occidentalis Hackberry Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud HERBACEOUS PLANTS Cladastris lutea American Yellowwood Aquilegia canadensis Canada Columbine Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Cornus racemosa Grey Dogwood Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Cornus stolonifera Redosier Dogwood Asclepias tuberosa Buerfly Weed Conus americanus American Smoketree Aster species Aster Corylus americana American Filbert Babsia australis Blue Indigo Crataegus crusgalli Cockspur Hawthorn Boltonia asteroides False Aster Crataegus mollis Downy Hawthorn Chelone glabra White Turtlehead Crataegus nida Glossy Hawthorn Coreopsis vercillata Tickseed Crataegus phaenopyrum Washington Hawthorn Echinecea purpurea Purple Coneflower Crataegus pruinosa Frosted Hawthorn Eupatorium dubium Lil Joe’ Dwarf Joe Pye Weed Crataegus punctata Doed Hawthorn Eupatorium maculatum ‘Gateway’ Joe Pye Weed Diervilla lonicera Dwarf Honeysuckle Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset Dirca palustris Atlanc Leatherwood Geranium maculatum Wild Geranium Fraxinus quadrangulata White Ash Iris virginica Iris Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Liatris spicata Gayfeather Hypericum frondosum Golden St. Johns Wort Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower Hypericum kalmianum Kalm’s St. Johns Wort Lupinus perennis Blue Lupine Juglans cinera Buernut Monarda species Bee Balm Juglans nigra Eastern Black Walnut Rudbekia species Black-Eyed Susan Juniperus communis Common Juniper Solidago juncea Early Goldenrod Juniperus horizontalis Youngstown’ Horiz.Juniper Solidago rugosa Goldenrod Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar Tradescana ohioensis Spiderwort Juniperus virginiana ‘Grey Owl’ Juniper Veronia noveboracensis New York Ironweed Morus rubra Red Mulberry Yucca filimentosa Adam’s Needle Myrica pensylvanica Northern Bayberry Zizia aurea Golden Alexander Ostrya virginiana American Hophornbeam Picea glauca White Spruce FERNS Pinus rigida Pitch Pine Maeuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern Physocarpus opulifolius Eastern Ninebark Onoclea sibilis Sensive Fern Plantanus occidententalis American Sycamore Polyschum acroschoides Christmas Fern Populus deltoides Eastern Coonwood Potenlla frucosa Yellow Abbotswood GRASSES Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Quercus muhlenbergi Chinkapin Oak Carex stricta Tussoc Sedge Quercus alba White Oak Panicum virgatum Switch Grass Quercus palustris Pin Oak Schizachyrium nutans Indian Grass Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak Rhus aromaca Fragrant Sumac VINES Rhus glabra Smooth Sumac Aristolochia durior Dutchman’s Pipe Rhus typhina Staghorn Sumac Clemas virginiana Devils Darning Needles Lonicera dioica Limber Honeysuckle 12 NATIVE PLANTS FOR WETLANDS-RIPARIAN AREAS

TREES & SHRUBS HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS Acer rubrum Red Maple Acorus americanus Sweet Flag Alnus regosa Speckled Alder Amsonia tabernaemontana Blue Star Alnus serrulata Hazel Alder Andromeda polifolia Bog Rosemary Amelanchier canadensis Canada Serviceberry Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-Pulpit Aronia arbufolia Red Chokeberry Asarum canadense Wild Ginger Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Betula lenta Sweet Birch Aster novae - angliae New England Aster Betula nigra River Birch Aster umbellatus Flat-top White Aster Callicarpa americana American Beautyberry Bidens cernua Nodding beggar-tcks Cephalanthus occidentalis Common Buonbush Boltonia asteroides Aster - like boltonia Clethra alnifolia Sweet Pepper Bush Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold Cornus alternifolia Alternate Leaf Dogwood Chamaedaphne calyculata Leatherleaf Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood Chelone glabra White Turtlehead Cornus sericea Red Osier Dogwood Chrysogonum virginianum Green and Gold Fraxinus pensylvanica Green Ash Eupatorium coelesnum Mislower Hydrangea arborescens Wild Hydrangea Eupatorium fistulosum Joe Pye Weed Illex vercillata Winterberry Eupatorium perfoliatum Common Boneset Itea virginica Virginia Willow Helenium autumnale Sneezeweed Juglans nigra Black Walnut Heliopsis helianthoides Oxeye Sunflower Lindera benzoin Northern Spicebush Hibiscus moscheutos Eastern Rosemallow Liquidamber styraciflua Sweet Gum Iris versicolor Blue Flag Iris Myrica cerifera Southern Wax Myrtle Lilium superbum Turks Cap Lily Nyssa sylvaca Black Gum Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood Lobelia siphilica Great Blue Lobelia Pinus strobus White Pine Maianthemum racemosa False Solomon’s Seal Physocarpus opulifolius Common Ninebark Mertensia virginica Virginia Bluebells Platanus occidentalis Sycamore Mimulus ringens Monkey Flower Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Monarda didyma Bee Balm Quercus palustris Pin Oak Nymphaea odorata American Water Lily Rhododendron viscosum Swamp Azalea Oenothera frucosa Sundrops Rosa palustris Swamp Rose Peltandra virginica Arrow Arum Salix nigra Black Willow Phlox divaricata Woodland Phlox Salix sericea Silky Willow Phlox paniculata Summer Phlox Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Polemonium reptans Jacob’s Ladder Spiraea alba Narrowleaved Meadowsweet Pontedaria cordata Pickerel Weed Spiraea latifolia Broadleaved Meadowsweet Rudbeckia laciniata Cut-Leaved Coneflower Taxodium dischum Bald Cypress SagiParia lafolia Broadleaf Arrowhead Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush Blueberry Saururus cernuus Lizards Tail Viburnum prunifolium Black-Haw Viburnum Senecio aureus Golden Ragwort Solidago rugosa Rough-Stemmed Goldenrod Veronia noveborancensis New York Ironweed GRASSES & SEDGES Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem FERNS Carex stricta Tussock Sedge Adiantum pedatum Northern Maidenhair Fern Chasmanthium latifoliumRiver Oats, Spanglegrass Dryopteris marginalis Marginal Shield Fern Juncus canadensis Canada Rush Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern Juncus effusus So Rush Osmunda regalis Royal Fern Panicum virgatum Switch Grass Polyschium acroschoides Christmas Fern Scirpus cyperinus Woolgrass Bulrush Sparganium americanum American Bur Reed Typha lafolia Broad Leaved Caail

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