Regional Data Gap-Analysis for Component 4 (Pelagic Fishes) for SWIOFP. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop for Component 4 of SWIOFP, 10th–12th August 2009,Seychelles Fishing Authority, Victoria,Seychelles. First draft.
Item Type Report
Authors Lucas, V.; Wardi, A.; Doorunamand, K.; Raboanarijadna, H.Z.; Bach, P.; Pianet, R.; Sigana, D.; Matola, H.; De Sousa, B.P.; Groeneveld, J.
Publisher South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Project
Download date 30/09/2021 14:22:54
Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/7241
REGIONAL DATA GAP-ANALYSIS FOR COMPONENT 4 (PELAGIC FISHES) FOR SWIOFP
By:
Vincent Lucas (Seychelles), Aboubakar Wardi (Comores), Kawol Doorunamand (Mauritius), Harilalao Zoelys Raboanarijadna (Madagascar), Pascal Bach & Renaud Pianet (France - Reunion), Dorcus Sigana (Kenya), Hakimu Matola (Tanzania), Barbara Palha De Sousa (Mozambique), Johan Groeneveld (South Africa)
Proceedings of the Regional Workshop for Component 4 of SWIOFP, 10th – 12th August 2009, Seychelles Fishing Authority, Victoria, Seychelles
(1st Draft, 11th September 2009)
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 1
Executive Summary
The South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Project (SWIOFP) was formally launched in June 2008, and the first year of the project was used to compile and assess existing fisheries information to provide a baseline for long-term planning of projects. The activities of Component 4 (Pelagic fishes) took place at 3 levels – national data gap- analyses by 9 countries, followed by integration into a regional analysis, and finally, prioritization of species, key issues and planning of future projects at a regional Component 4 workshop held at the Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA) on 10th – 12th August 2009.
The national gap-analyses showed that few datasets on pelagic fishes and fisheries exist locally, and that datasets are scattered among government and / or private institutions, are of questionable quality, and are kept in a variety of formats. The region lacks robust data- collection and data-management systems, or the means and expertise to achieve effective and consolidated systems. There is a scarcity of studies / information on most of the prioritized species, in nearly all SWIOFP countries. Few scientifically defendable management strategies (national or regional) exist. Several of the target or bycatch species of the region have high commercial value and are heavily fished by foreign fleets, and on a more localized coastal scale by artisanal fishers. Some species / or species groups are now considered to be vulnerable.
The regional gap-analysis showed that a significant amount of data-collection and research have been done on large pelagic fishes in the region, through French initiatives, and under the jurisdiction of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC). Furthermore, acoustic and midwater trawl information on small pelagic fishes exist for several of the shelf areas (i.e. Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar) from past and recent surveys by research vessels (i.e., the R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen).
A list of 81 pelagic fish species were selected and prioritized into 4 information categories with increasing data collection requirements (i.e. level 1 = presence/absence; 2 = size composition; 3 = biological information incl. otoliths; 4 = genetic samples / migrations). New data in these 4 categories need to be collected by port samplers, fisheries observers, and during dedicated surveys using wet-leased vessels or research ships. In the category for large pelagic fishes, 4 oceanic shark species (Carcharhinus falciformes, C. longimanus, Prionace glauca and Isurus oxyrhinchus) were prioritized at information level 4, reflecting their uncertain stock status and importance as target- and bycatch species in long-line fisheries. Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) was prioritized at level 4, pending archival pop-up and sonic tag studies on vertical and horizontal movements, and the other billfishes were all prioritized at level 3. Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and skipjack tuna (Katsowonus pelamis) were also prioritized at level 4. Projects on these species should aim to incrementally strengthen IOTC assessments.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 2
Prioritized medium-sized pelagic fishes included the larger carangids, smaller scombrids (i.e. small tunas and seerfishes), some gempylids, dolphinfish and cobia. The scombrids Euthynnus affinis and Scomberomorus commerson were prioritized at level 4, and Sarda orientalis at level 3. These species are important to fisheries in various sectors (i.e. artisanal, sport, and industrial fisheries) across the region, and were thought to be insufficiently covered by existing IOTC projects / initiatives. Large- / and medium sized carangids were prioritized at information level 2, and there was some uncertainty as to where this group should fit in (local or regional; nearshore or offshore; artisanal or commercial fisheries; pelagic or demersal species).
Small mackerels, scads and clupeids dominated the small pelagic fish category, and these groups are mostly targeted by artisanal fishers. Apart from acoustic and midwater trawl surveys by research vessels, local data on small pelagic fishes are scarce. The workshop agreed that surveys needed to be extended and/or repeated in shelf areas, to identify species composition, distribution patterns, abundance and fisheries potential. Note that the R/V Fridtjof Nansen has already commenced with acoustic surveys off Madagascar and Mozambique, but that the vessel cannot survey off Kenya, Tanzania and Seychelles in 2009 because of the present security situation.
A project structure for new data collection comprised of 4 new projects, each with subprojects. These projects are: 1) Acoustic and midwater trawl surveys; 2) Surveys for medium-sized tuna- and tuna-like species; 3) Instrumented long-line surveys, and; 4) Development of FAD fisheries. Within each of these projects, fish and fisheries information need to be collected at information levels 1-4, as specified in the species- prioritization. Data-collection methods comprise the use of research ships (for project 1), port samplers and fisheries observers on commercial vessels (project 2), wet-lease of commercial long-liners (project 3) and a combination of methods (project 4).
At present, SWIOFP lacks the scientific capacity (particularly trained manpower and infrastructure) to successfully implement and sustain the activities planned for Component 4. Capacity building within the Component is therefore crucial, and must include workshops to develop data-handling proficiency (i.e. collection, capture, exploratory analyses, statistical analyses), development of a professional observer programme (possibly together with the other components), and a system of tertiary education at Masters level, combined with a scheme for the retention of important skills within the project.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 3
1) Introduction
The Agulhas and Somali Currents Large Marine Ecosystems Programme (ASCLME programme) in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) is a Global Environmental Facility (GEF) initiative that consists of three inter-linked modules that address fisheries, ocean productivity and the influence of land-based activities on the marine environment. The three modules are the South Western Indian Ocean Fisheries Project (SWIOFP, prepared and executed by the World Bank), Agulhas and Somali Currents LME project (ASCLME project, UNDP) and the WIO-Lab project (UNEP). The rationale for a collective approach by the three GEF agencies is that it brings a larger funding base and unique skills to the region.
The SWIOFP is a 5-year project (2008-2012) that addresses shared, transboundary and migratory fish stocks of nine countries along the rim of the WIO. Participant countries are South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Seychelles, Comores, Madagascar, Mauritius and France. SWIOFP was formally launched in June 2008, with the aim to collect relevant information to support regional management of fish stocks and build scientific and fisheries management capacity. It is subdivided into six operational Components: Data and IT, Crustacean fisheries, Demersal fisheries, Pelagic fisheries, Biodiversity issues, and Fisheries management (van der Elst et al. 2009). This document deals with Component 4 of SWIOFP (i.e. Pelagic fisheries). All nine SWIOFP countries have significant pelagic fisheries and datasets, and participate actively in Component 4.
At the onset of SWIOFP, it was recognized that a large quantity of historical fisheries information already exists for the region, in the form of data collected by governmental fisheries monitoring and statistics initiatives, past fisheries surveys and research projects, observer- and port-based sampling data, and published studies. Reviews and gap analyses of existing information at national level aimed to: identify key pelagic fisheries and species relevant to SWIOFP; specify the additional information and research required to support fisheries management, and; assess country needs in terms of the scientific capacity required to perform SWIOFP activities over a long term. The national data gap- analyses were performed by experts in each country, under the leadership of National Country Coordinators for Component 4 (NCC4’s). These data activities were supported by Component 1 of SWIOFP (Data and IT), which carries the responsibility for developing regional data management capacity.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 4
2) Purpose of the Regional Component 4 Workshop
A Regional Component 4 Workshop was held at the Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA) on 10th – 12th August 2009. The workshop was attended by the NCC4’s from the participant countries, and its purpose was to combine the nine national gap-analyses into an integrated Regional data gap-analysis for Component 4 of SWIOFP. The aims were to:
a) Define the study area for Component 4; b) Prioritize pelagic fish species and fisheries for regional study by SWIOFP; c) Review existing data (metadata and reports / published material); d) Identify data gaps and shared key issues; and e) Develop a list of projects and activities to be undertaken by the Component.
The list of projects and activities resulting from deliberations at the Workshop, and captured in the Regional data gap-analysis document, form the basis for the planning and budgeting of SWIOFP research to be undertaken over the next 3 years.
3) The SWIOFP study area: large-scale oceanographic features
3.1) Agulhas Current The Agulhas Current dominates the marine environment along the eastern and southern coasts of South Africa and on the Agulhas Bank. The area has been well-studied in the past, and it is also part of the present ASCLME project The Agulhas Current originates somewhere between 25°S (southern Mozambique) and 30°S (Durban, South Africa) and flows in a south-westerly direction along the coast, roughly steered by the edge of the continental shelf. It reaches speeds of up to 2.6 m.s-1 at the surface, with average surface speeds of between 1 and 2 m.s-1, and its polewards flow extends to a depth of over 2000m. The current moves further offshore at latitude of approximately 36°S, following the contours of the Agulhas Bank, whereafter it retroflects to form the Agulhas Return current which flows eastwards along the edge of the Subtropical Convergence. The confluence of the warm-water Agulhas Current with the cooler water Benguela Current off southern South Africa forms the western boundary of the SWIO, and is also the boundary between two large marine ecosystems - the Agulhas Current LME in the SW Indian Ocean and the Benguela Current LME in the SE Atlantic Ocean.
3.2) Mozambique Channel Eddies The Mozambique Channel links the northern and southern extremes of the SWIOFP focal area, and its general circulation appears to be conditioned by the topography of the seabed. Along the Mozambican coast the circulation is characterized by the influence of three anti-cyclonic cells changing their position along the coast and some smaller cyclonic eddies. An inshore northwards current seems to be present along most of the Mozambican coast, probably as a result of the presence of the cyclonic eddies. The western seaboard of Madagascar is characterized by a zone of turbulence where current
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 5 direction and strength is highly variable. The turbulence is driven by changes in the wind regime, tidal amplitude, the relief of the seabed, and the configurations of the opposing continental and island coastlines.
3.3) Somali Current & East Africa Coastal Current The marine environment in the northern reaches of the SWIOFP focal area is strongly influenced by the monsoon seasons - the SE monsoon in April to October and the NE monsoon in November to March. During the SE monsoon prevailing winds drive the East Africa Coastal Current (EAC) north along the coast of Kenya and Tanzania to form the Somali Current off the horn of Africa. The strength of the monsoon winds decline during the NE monsoon period, the EAC slows down and the Somali current reverses its direction to flow southwards. Its confluence with the EAC off northern Kenya then flows offshore to form the Equatorial Counter Current. The influence of the Somali Current extends as far northwards as the coastlines of Yemen and Oman in the Arabian Sea.
Off Tanzania the EAC flows northwards with a maximum velocity of 0.25–2m/s, being faster during the SE monsoon season. The northwards flow through the Zanzibar channel persists even during the NE monsoon.
3.4) Mascarene Plateau, South Equatorial Current (SEC) & Equatorial Counter Current The westwards flowing South Equatorial Current (SEC) is funneled across the Mascarene Plateau, east of Madagascar, before diverging north and south to become components of the Agulhas and Somali Currents. The Equatorial Counter Current flows eastwards somewhere to the north of Seychelles.
3.5) East Madagascar Current The SEC encounters the Madagascan landmass from the east (central Indian Ocean) in the approximate vicinity of Toamasina (18°S), and divides into two branch currents flowing northwards and southwards along the coast, respectively. These currents are influenced by flux of the equatorial current and by trade winds, and they are relatively steady and moderate to strong.
3.6) Other features In addition to large-scale oceanographic features of the region, the medium and smaller scale physical and oceanographic characteristics (i.e. bays, estuaries, mudbanks, reefs, bottom topography) play a major role in determining species distribution and abundance patterns of fish resources. These features determine the scope of Component 4 projects, and are described in section 4, below.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 6
Figure 1: The SWIOFP region showing international boundaries, Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) and large-scale oceanographic features.
4) Scope of Component 4 activities within each country
SWIOFP activities are restricted to fall within the 200 nautical mile (nm) Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of participant countries (see Fig. 1). The project focuses on offshore fisheries, and generally excludes inshore subsistence and artisanal fisheries which are addressed by the ASCLME project.
4.1) South Africa
Project boundaries and environment The South African SWIOFP area straddles the boundary of fisheries statistical areas 51 (Western Indian Ocean; E of 30°E) and 47 (South-eastern Atlantic ocean; W of 30°E ) of
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 7 the FAO. The SWIOFP area in South Africa extends from the shore up to the limits of the EEZ, 200 nm seawards.
Most of the South African SWIOFP activities are scheduled to take place off the KZN Province (KZN; Fig. 1) along the eastern coast, because the marine environment is similar to the subtropical / tropical ecosystems of the other SWIOFP countries further to the north. Conversely, the Agulhas Bank is a cool-temperate transition environment, and many of the fished species that mainly inhabit the Benguela Current LME, such as Sardinops sagax and Engraulis encrasicolus occur there in large numbers.
The Agulhas Bank does remain an important fishing ground for tuna, billfishes and pelagic sharks that also occur in FAO area 51 (WIO) and therefore the boundary for SWIOFP research on pelagic long-line fisheries is set at 20˚E, instead of at the southern border of the KZN province (approx. 31˚E, Fig. 1).
Fish and fisheries South African fisheries important to SWIOFP are a) industrial long-line fisheries for tuna and tuna-like species, swordfish and pelagic sharks (eastern coast and international waters in the Indian Ocean), b) commercial and recreational boat-based line fisheries for tuna and medium pelagic species (KZN province, and c) assessment of fisheries potential of small pelagic species (KZN province).
4.2) Mozambique
Project boundaries and environment Mozambique has a coastline of 2770 km long between the latitudes 10o20’S and 26o50’S, with a narrow continental shelf that rarely extends more than a few nautical miles offshore. Exceptions are the Delagoa Bight in the south, Sofala Bank in central Mozambique (approx. 50 000 km2 shallower than 100 m), and São Lazaro Bank in the north. The Almirante Leite Bank lies at approximately 500 m deep. Mozambican waters range from subtropical in the south to tropical in the north.
The humid tropical climate of Mozambique is dominated by two regimes. South of the Zambezi river it is characterized by the passage of the depressions of the SE Trade Wind Zone, and north of the river by the southern end of the East African Monsoon System (Tinley 1971). The coast receives rain in all months of the year with a maximum during the southern summer.
Fish and fisheries Mozambique has many artisanal fisheries using basic gear-types to exploit small and medium pelagic fishes, either as target or bycatch in coastal waters.
A commercial longline fishery for tuna and tuna-like species exploit shared or migrating SWIO stocks, and line and recreational fisheries catch offshore pelagic fishes as target- or bycatch species.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 8 Several offshore acoustic and midwater trawling surveys have been undertaken by research vessels such as the R/V Fridtjof Nansen to assess abundance, species composition and distribution of small pelagic fish resources. These studies include historical information (i.e. from the 1990s, on the Sofala Bank) and recent surveys in 2007 (by a Spanish vessel), and by SWIOFP using the R/V Fridtjof Nansen in 2008 and in August 2009.
Less information are available on medium and large pelagic fishes, and therefore Mozambican SWIOFP activities are focussed on a) tuna and tuna like species, and b) the commercial and recreational line fisheries for pelagic species.
4.3) Tanzania
Project boundaries and environment The Tanzanian coast stretches from 5o25’S to 10oS (approx. 1400km) with several offshore islands at Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia. The coastline is strongly influenced by the monsoon regime. A period of short rains occurs between September and December, and heavy rains between March and May. The influence of the fresh water outflow from rivers is restricted to inshore waters, most probably due to the prevailing wind and current conditions. Coastal waters are generally warm with surface temperatures ranging between 25oC in August/September and 30oC in March. The depth of the upper mixed layer reflects seasonal variations of wind speed and direction, varying from approximately 20 m below the surface in March to November, to 100 m depth in June and July.
Fish and fisheries Traditional (or artisanal) tuna fisheries are established in nearly all coastal villages including at Zanzibar and Mafia Islands, and the gears of choice are hand-lines and gillnetting. A commercial fishery for tuna is carried out exclusively by Japan, China and Korea, using long-lines and purse-seining.
A recent regional tuna tagging project indicated potential for the development of tuna fisheries, particularly for Thunnus albacares and Thunnus obesus, while Katsuwonus pelamis was less abundant. Towards the middle of the NE monsoon / beginning of the SE monsoon, many pelagic species (i.e. Euthynnus affinis) form seasonal spawning aggregations along the coast. Medium pelagic fishes (i.e. small tunas) were highlighted as a research priority for Tanzania.
4.4) Kenya
Project boundaries and environment Kenya has a coastline of about 640 km stretching from 1o30’S at the Somali border to 5o25’S at the Tanzanian border. The continental shelf is narrow with fringing coral reefs that extend between 0.5 and 2 km offshore. Coastal waters off Kenya are warm tropical and are influenced by the monsoon seasons – warmer during the NE monsoon and cooler during the SE monsoon. The ocean current regime along the Kenyan coast is influenced
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 9 by the East Africa Coastal Current and the seasonally reversing Somali Current (see section above).
Fish and fisheries Most marine fisheries take place in territorial waters where artisanal fishers operate. There are very few national datasets on these pelagic fisheries.
Kenya (or Kenyan fishing companies) do not own any large sea-going fishing vessels to target offshore large pelagic fishes, and therefore its EEZ is mainly exploited by Distant Water Fishing Nations (DWFNs). There is no efficient MCS system for foreign vessels operating under license in the Kenyan EEZ, but indicative data from the IOTC show that their catches consist of several tuna and other large and medium pelagic fish species.
Acoustic- and midwater trawling surveys for small pelagic fishes were done in Kenyan waters by research vessels during the 1980s and 1983s, and the data are important as indicators of fisheries potential.
4.5) Madagascar
Project boundaries and environment Madagascar is 1600 km long from north to south with a maximum width of 570 km, and a coastline of ~5000 km. The EEZ has a surface area of 1.14 million km2. The western coast features many estuaries and bays, colonized by dense mangrove forests covering an estimated 3300 km2. The eastern coast is comparatively straight and featureless, with few estuaries, capes and bays. Parts of the continental shelf are covered by rocky reefs and corals. Surface water-temperatures vary between 20°C and 26°C in August, and between 26°C and 28°C in February.
Fish and fisheries Madagascan fisheries for pelagic species are subdivided into a) an industrial sector with categories for foreign purse-seiners that catch large pelagic fishes, and local- and foreign long-liners (also targeting large and medium pelagics); b) an artisanal fishery operating from small boats with outboard engines with a horsepower of < 50hp; and c) a traditional fishery using pirogues. Acoustic- and midwater trawling surveys for small pelagic fishes were done in Madagascan waters in 1983, 2008 (E. coast) and 2009 (W. coast) by the R/V Fridtjof Nansen). These data are important as indicators of fisheries potential of small pelagic resources, as it appears to be the only information on these resources on a coast-wide scale. Medium and large pelagic fishes, particularly tunas, billfishes and pelagic sharks are no well known.
4.6) Mauritius
Project boundaries and environment Mauritius lies about 800 km east of Madagascar, and the island is 61 km long and 46 km wide with a total land area of approximately 1,865 km2. It has 330 km of coastline and is
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 10 almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs. These form many shallow lagoons, white sandy beaches and dunes. Mauritian territory also incorporates the island of Rodrigues, some 600 km to the east, and two small dependencies to the north, the Agalega Islands and the Cargados Carajos Shoals. The Mauritian EEZ is large, extending over an area of approximately 1.9 million km2.
Fish and fisheries A tuna fishery provides for two local processing plants, and tuna trans-shipment has been active for the past three decades. In recent years, the volumes trans-shipped and the numbers of vessel calls have increased. The majority of the catch is landed by both foreign licensed and non-licensed longliners, at Port Louis, and the catch is predominated by Thunnus alalunga (55% of total landings).
Three local purse seiners landed fish for a local canning factory between 1979 and 2000, but they were withdrawn as a result of financial difficulties. The factory now relies on imported fish from foreign fishing vessels. A semi-industrial swordfish fishery started in 1999 and by 2007 it comprised six vessels landing around 184 tons annually.
A fishing agreement was signed with the EU in 1990 allowing their vessels access to Mauritian waters, and a similar agreement was signed with the Federation of Japan Tuna Fisheries Cooperative Association (2000) for Japanese longliners. Licences are also issued to foreign non-EU longliners (mainly Taiwanese) and during 2008, 97 licenses were issued.
The fisheries potential of horse mackerel and predation by mammals and sharks on long- line catches were identified as issues important to Mauritius.
4.7) Seychelles
Project boundaries and environment The Republic of Seychelles consists of 115 islands spread over a wide area of the Western Indian Ocean, from the equator to 12°S and 43° to 59°E, encompassing an EEZ of about 1.374 million km2. The Mahé Plateau (38,690 km2) rises rapidly from depths beyond 1000m, and its edges form a complete shallow rim at approximately 10 – 20 m depth, surrounding the central area with a fairly uniform depth of 50-60m. Seychelles has two distinct monsoon periods: the NW in October to mid-March and SE from June to October. Seychelles is characterized by a wide range of marine habitats, including shallow water fringing reefs, granitic reefs, banks, plateaux, shelves and drop-offs, atolls, lagoons, seamounts and pelagic habitats (Jennings et al. 1999).
Fish and fisheries The vast majority of fisheries are classified as artisanal, although two are classified as industrial (purse seine and long-line fisheries for tuna and tuna-like species). A semi- industrial long-line fishery was established in 1995, and it targets swordfish and tuna, with a bycatch of pelagic sharks (Wendling & Lucas 2003). Some large pelagic fish species are also targeted by artisanal fisheries and by sport and recreational fisheries.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 11
Smaller pelagic species seasonally migrate through the region, but little is known about their biology and migration patterns. Past surveys conducted in the 1980s by R/V Prof. Masyatsev and R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen observed large concentrations of small pelagic fishes (Decapterus, Sardinella and Rastrelliger spp.) on and outside of the Mahé Plateau (Bergen, 1982). Limited targeting occurs through shore seine during the NW monsoon period, when schools of Sardinella and Rastrelliger move close inshore.
The headquarters of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) is located in Victoria, Seychelles, and strong linkages between SWIOFP projects on large and medium pelagic fishes and IOTC objectives are an essential part of Component 4.
4.8) Comores
Project boundaries and environment The Comores archipelago is located in equatorial waters to the north of the Mozambique Channel and comprises four islands: Grande Comore, Anjouan, Moheli and Mayotte (France). The total land area is of 2240 km², and a very narrow shelf surrounds the individual islands.
Three main water masses surround the archipelago: water from the northern branch of the South Equatorial Current; South Equatorial surface waters that occupy most of the region with salinity values of approximately 34.8ppt; and influences of the monsoon and other geostrophic effects that occur between 8°-12°S (Magnier, Piton and Citeau 1973).
Fish and fisheries The Comores benefit from the passage of large pelagic fishes in the South Equatorial Current, when they migrate around Anjouan and Grand Comore and congregate in more stable shoals around the islands. The state of coastal resources and offshore species is very poorly known, except for some estimates made by FAO, either through the Ministry of Fisheries or by other international institutions. These estimates do not include quantities caught by illegal foreign fishing fleets in the EEZ, where monitoring, control and surveillance are weak. A large number of coastal species are regularly caught by artisanal fishers, and some stocks (i.e. pelagic sharks) appear to be declining.
The marine fisheries of Comores are artisanal, and activities are irregular as they are affected by changes of the tropical oceanic climate, strong winds, strong currents and a long swell from the Indian Ocean. Two fisheries to be studied by SWIOFP are an artisanal fishery for tuna, swordfish and sharks, and a traditional fishery on small pelagic fishes (i.e. clupeids, small carangids and scombrids, and halfbeaks).
4.9) Reunion (France)
Project boundaries and environment Réunion is 63 km long and 45 km wide (2,512 km2) with a coastline of 207 km. It is located east of Madagascar, and approx. 200 km southwest of Mauritius. It is similar to
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 12 Hawaii insofar as both islands are located above hotspots in the Earth's crust (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Réunion). The EEZ of Reunion is approx. 320 000 km2, and its general oceanography and sea surface temperature regime was recently described by Conand et al. (2007).
Administratively, Réunion is one of the overseas départements of France, and like the other French overseas departments, it is one of the twenty-six French regions and an integral part of the Republic with the same status as those situated on the European mainland.
Fish and fisheries Since the early 1990s, Reunion has developed a commercial longline fishery for swordfish and tuna, and an anchored FAD fishery within 30nm of the island. The target species for the FAD fishery are yellowfin-, bigeye- and albacore tuna and dolphinfish. The fishery comprises about 180 small outboard boats that use trolling lines or handlines around approximately 34 FADs. The FAD fishery is active year-round, with a decrease in activity during the strong winds of the southern winter (June to August).
The commercial longline fishery consists of 40 boats (on average 30 are active) that exploit shared or migrating stocks mostly between Mauritius and the east coast of Madagascar, using nylon monofilament longlines. The fishery targets swordfish, with increasing fishing effort on yellowfin- and bigeye tuna. Bycatches include dolphinfish, other billfishes and pomfret, and most of the bycatch is also processed. Large quantities of lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox), oilfish (Ruvettus preciosus) and escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum) are discarded by longliners, and the ecosystem effects of these catches and discards are yet unstudied in the region.
The fishing grounds of the Reunion longliners are located to the West and South of Reunion in the French EEZ and in international waters. Modifications to the fishery after 1994 included the arrival of more powerful vessels (LOA up to 20 m), a mastership and an improvement of techniques as well as the exploration of new fishing grounds. Currently, the fishery has a large geographical distribution in the SWIO with a quite recent extension to the Southwest in the 200 nautical mile zone, in the Mozambique channel, and in Seychelles waters. The transition to a year-round operation is now established, but dependent on weather conditions. Thus, very active cyclone seasons in summer (February to April) can limit the fleet operations which may explain stagnant or decreasing catches over these 3-4 months. Most fishing activity occurs during summer, when highest SST values occur; and largest catches are mainly made at end of year.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 13
5) Prioritization of species and fisheries
5.1) Species selections and prioritization
Based on the national data gap-analyses of the 9 countries, a total of 81 pelagic fish species were selected. Of these, 23 were classified as large-, 32 as medium-, and 26 as small pelagic fish species (see Appendix 1).
Table 1: Selected species by functional group and family
Categories Functional group Family Large pelagics Pelagic sharks (coastal and Carcharinidae (8 spp) oceanic) Lamnidae (2) Sphyrnidae (1)
Billfishes Istiophoridae (4) Xiphiidae (1)
Tunas Scombridae (7)
Medium pelagics Large & medium Carangids Carangidae (16) (trevally, threadfin, amberjack, rainbow runner) Small tunas & bonitos Scombridae (3)
Spanish mackerels (seerfishes) Scombridae (3)
Gempylids and other discard Bramidae (1) bycatch spp. Gempylidae (2) Alepisauridae (1)
Other medium pelagics Coryphaenidae (1) (dolphinfish, barracuda, cobia, Sphyraenidae (2) shad) Pomatomidae (1) Rachycentridae (1)
Small pelagics Small mackerels Scombridae (2)
Scads Carangidae (5)
Sardines and roundherrings Clupeidae (13)
Other small pelagics (needlefish, Belonidae (2) halfbeaks, anchovy, flyingfish) Hemiramphidae (2) Engraulidae (1) Exocoetidae (1)
The information needs by species or species-group was assessed taking into account their present or potential importance to fisheries in the SWIO region, information requirements for fisheries assessment and management, and information required for the assessment of
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 14 trophic effects and fisheries-induced ecosystems impacts. Four information levels were defined:
Table 2: Information levels for the collection of new data on priority pelagic fish species
Information level 1 Information level 2 Information level 3 Information level 4 Presence / absence Presence / absence Presence / absence Presence / absence Effort Effort Effort Effort Catch (weight) Catch (weight) Catch (weight) Catch (weight)
Size composition (max. Size composition (max. Size composition (max. 100, random) 100, random) 100, random) Sex composition (if externally visible)
Otoliths (max. 20, Otoliths (max. 20, random) random) Sex, maturity, Sex, maturity, reproductive stage (from reproductive stage (from gonad staging) gonad staging)
(On request) Genetic samples Stomach samples Tagging
The prioritization of the 81 selected species into the 4 information level categories is shown in Appendix 1. Large and medium sized pelagic species rated at information level 4 (i.e. sampling to include feeding ecology, genetic sampling, and tagging for migrations) were 4 species of oceanic sharks (Carcharinus longimanus, C. falciformes, Prionace glauca and Isurus oxyrinchus), swordfish (Xiphias gladius), bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), eastern little tuna (Euthynnus affinis), and king mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson).
The other billfishes and tunas (except for T. maccoyii and T. tonggol) were rated at information level 3 (age, sex and maturity information), and the Carangids (as a group of 16 medium pelagic species) were rated at information level 2 (size and sex composition information required).
In the category for small pelagics, Indian mackerel (Rastreliger kanagurta) and scads (Decapturus spp and Selar crumenopthalmus) were rated at information level 3 and all other groups (i.e. Clupeids, Engraulids, needlefishes and halfbeaks) at a basic presence/absence information level 1 – this to be achieved through acoustic surveys supported by midwater trawls.. Dominant species in midwater trawl catches in this latter category should be raised to information level 2 (size and sex composition).
Basic sampling protocols are: random size and sex composition samples of up to 100 specimens per trawl (for species at information levels 2-4), and 20 specimens sampled for
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 15 maturity and otoliths (species at information levels 3-4). Additional information at Level 4 (i.e. genetic samples, stomach contents, and tagging for migrations) need only be collected on specific request.
5.2) Fisheries prioritization
A large number of net- and hook-and-line fishing gears and methods are used in the SWIO region, at artisanal, recreational (or sport) and industrial fisheries levels (Table 3).
Table 3: Presence of fishing methods / gears used to catch pelagic fishes in the 9 SWIOFP countries, based on a questionnaire at the Workshop. The list is indicative.
Category Method Sector Ken Tan Moz SA Mau Mad Sey Com Fra Nets: Castnets Artisanal Gillnets Artisanal Beachseine Artisanal Purse-seine Industrial Artisanal Foreign Hook & Line: Vertical line FADs Free Pole & line Industrial Longline Coastal Open ocean Foreign Trolling line Recreational Artisanal
Most of the fisheries in Table 3 are small-scale artisanal fisheries that operate close inshore, and generally fall outside of the scope of SWIOFP. The WIOFISH database (see www.wiofish.org) lists 163 distinct small-scale fisheries in 5 countries (South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya and Seychelles) and provides an online electronic database of basic information on gears used, target species, and catches.
The fisheries selected for SWIOFP by the 9 countries (Table 4 below) show the importance of industrial long-liners in the region – they operate in the EEZs of virtually all countries, as well as on the high seas. These fisheries target mainly tunas and/or swordfish with bycatches of pelagic sharks, tuna-like species and billfishes. In some cases pelagic sharks are the nominal target species.
Fisheries using vertical lines are generally of a coastal nature, and dominated by artisanal and recreational (or sport fishing) fisheries, either around anchored FADs (Reunion, Mauritius) or without FADs (i.e. ‘free’). These fisheries target a larger range of pelagic species than long-line fisheries, extending from small- to medium and large pelagic species. Both the artisanal and sport fisheries (and also the industrial vertical line fisheries) may target demersal or pelagic fishes, depending on their availability.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 16
Coastal net fisheries (beachseine, small purse-seines, castnets) are of an artisanal nature and target small and medium pelagic fish species for own consumption and local sale. These artisanal fisheries receive attention from the WIO-Fish and ASCLME projects.
Two types of purse-seine fisheries in the region are for small pelagics (scads, sardines, small mackerels) and for tuna and tuna-like species. The potential for purse-seine fisheries for small pelagics is generally unknown in the region (or presently assumed to be low). The purse-seine fisheries for tunas and tuna-like species are generally operated by foreign fleets under license.
Table 4: Summary of selected fisheries by gear, method, sector, species groups and spatial extent. Information was provided by National Component Coordinators active in Component 4 of SWIOFP.
Category Method Sector Country Fishery Species goups targeted Spatial extent Nets Beachseine Artisanal Seychelles Shore-based beachseine fishery Ind. Mackerels, scad, sardines Coastal Gillnets Artisanal Tanzania Sharknet fishery Shark, tuna, billfish Islands Purse seine nets Artisanal Tanzania Artisanal purse seine fishery Small pelagics Coastal, islands Purse seine nets Artisanal Kenya Artisanal ringnet fisheries Small, medium pelagics Coastal Purse seine nets Experimental Seychelles Semi-industrial purse-seine fishery Mackerels, scad, sardines EEZ Purse seine nets Industrial Mauritius Purse seine fishery Tuna, billfish EEZ Purse seine nets Industrial Tanzania Commercial purse seine fishery Tuna, tuna-like spp EEZ
Hook & line Vertical line -FAD Artisanal Reunion Anchored FAD fishery Tuna, pomfret, dolphinfish Coastal, anch. FADs Vertical line -FAD Artisanal Mauritius FAD fishery Tuna, dolphinfish, billfish, shar Coastal, anch. FADs Vertical line -Free Artisanal Comores Artisanal line fishery offshore Medium, large pelagics EEZ Vertical line -Free Artisanal Comores Traditional fishery nearshore Small pelagics Coastal Vertical line -Free Artisanal Kenya Commercial linefishery Medium, large pelagics Coastal Vertical line -Free Artisanal Seychelles Artisanal boat-based line fishery Tuna, billfish EEZ Vertical line -Free Industrial Mozambique Commercial linefishery Medium, large pelagics EEZ Vertical line -Free Industrial South Africa Commercial linefishery Medium, large pelagics EEZ (KZN Prov.) Vertical line -Free Recreational Kenya Recreational boat-based linefishery Medium, large pelagics Coastal Vertical line -Free Recreational Mauritius Sport fishery Medium, large pelagics Coastal Vertical line -Free Recreational Mozambique Recreational boat-based linefishery Medium, large pelagics EEZ Vertical line -Free Recreational Seychelles Recreational boat-based linefishery Medium, large pelagics EEZ Vertical line -Free Recreational Tanzania Recreational boat-based linefishery Medium, large pelagics Coastal, islands Vertical line -Free Recreational South Africa Recreational boat-based linefishery Medium, large pelagics EEZ (KZN Prov.) Long-line Artisanal Tanzania Artisanal long-line fishery Large pelagics Islands Long-line Industrial Reunion Commercial long-line fishery Tuna, swordfish EEZ, int. waters Long-line Industrial Kenya Commercial long-line fishery Tuna, swordfish EEZ Long-line Industrial Kenya Commercial long-line fishery Pelagic sharks EEZ Long-line Industrial Mauritius Industrial long-line fishery Tuna, swordfish EEZ Long-line Industrial Mauritius Semi-industrial longline fishery Tuna, swordfish EEZ Long-line Industrial Mozambique Commercial long-line fishery Tuna & Tuna like species EEZ Long-line Industrial Seychelles Semi-industrial longline fishery Tuna, swordfish EEZ Long-line Industrial Tanzania Commercial long-line fishery Sharks, tuna, swordfish EEZ Long-line Industrial South Africa Commercial long-line fishery Tuna, swordfish EEZ, int. waters Long-line Industrial South Africa Commercial long-line fishery Pelagic sharks EEZ, int. waters
6) Review of existing data on prioritized species and fisheries
6.1) Metadata (national databases)
Metadata were located, formatted and captured by data specialists (Component 1) and fisheries researchers. A standardized template on Excel was used to capture meta-data electronically, and a list of datasets produced by countries is attached in Appendix 2.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 17 The datasets contain information on historical catches or yield, fishing effort, and biological information collected from fishing logbooks and sampling programmes (government or other), including on-board observers, fisheries surveys and research vessels. The actual data are stored on Lotus, Excel and Access software, paper formats and Unix and Oracle databases, and some datasets may be in danger of becoming lost. Data quality varies and need to be assessed.
Most of the listed datasets in Appendix 2 cannot be used by Component 4 projects, because they are either too short, address local resources not covered by SWIOFP, or cannot be verified.
However, some of the datasets may be very relevant to Component 4 SWIOFP projects, and these need to be identified from the list, verified, and where necessary converted into formats that will be compatible with other regional data and newly collected information.
6.2) Regional databases
The IOTC collects fisheries information on tunas and tuna-like species from its member countries for fisheries assessment purposes. The Regional Tuna Tagging Programme for the Indian Ocean (RTTP-IO) is a 9th European Development Fund (EDF) project coordinated by the IOTC. The project has succeeded in tagging large numbers of skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tuna to discern movement patterns. Some of the information held by the IOTC and RTTP-IO may be relevant to SWIOFP projects, and appropriate linkages between projects will be important, including data-exchange procedures.
The R/V Fridtjof Nansen has undertaken several surveys in the SWIOFP region for small pelagic fish stocks since 1975, using acoustic sounding methods and mid-water trawling. These include very recent surveys for ASCLME in 2008 (eastern Madagascar, Mascarene plateau, Mozambique channel) and for SWIOFP and ASCLME in 2009 (northern Mozambique, western Madagascar and Comores). These datasets (historical and recent) are important as baseline information for assessing the fisheries potential of small pelagics in the SWIO region. A list of historical surveys undertaken by the R/V Fridtjof Nansen in the SWIOFP region between 1975 and 1993 is shown in Table 5, and the data and cruise reports from these surveys are available from the IMR in Bergen, Norway.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 18
Table 5: List of acoustic and midwater trawl surveys undertaken for pelagic fishes by the R/V Fridtjof Nansen in the SWIO region (1975 – 1993) (from Saetersdal et al., 1999). Data available on Nansis System from IMR on request.
Country & year No. Sample period Dist. Pel. trawl Cruise reports (nm) Sta. (no.) Kenya, 1980-83 I Dec 1980 1300 47 Nakken 1981 II Aug 1982 2360 47 Iversen 1984 III Dec 1982 1040 27 IMR 1982d IV May 1983 810 27 Iversen 1983 Tanzania, 1982-83 I Jun-Jul 1982 2500 20 Myklevoll 1982b II Nov-Dec 1982 1900 28 IMR 1982c III May 1983 1400 4 IMR 1983a Mozambique, 1977-90 II Oct-Nov 1980 34 Brinca et al 1981 III Sep 1982 39 Brinca et al 1983 IV May-Jun 1983 4 Brinca et al 1984 V Apr-May 1990 13 IMR 1990b VI Aug-Sep 1990 1 IMR 1990d Madagascar, 1983 Jun 1983 IMR 1983b
Past surveys by other research vessels in the region include acoustic and midwater trawling surveys by the R/V Prof. Mesyatsef, and sampling for medium and large pelagic fishes using wet-leased long-liners (i.e. by the F/V Menhadin for SWIOFP in 2008 in the Mozambique channel).
6.3) Reports and published literature
A large volume of published and unpublished literature and reports exist for the pelagic fishes and fisheries of the SWIO region, mainly as a result of French research initiatives in the region since the 1970s, and studies by the Oceanographic Research Institute in Durban, South Africa.
Available references were captured onto a WEBLIS reference catalogue on a country-by- country basis, using manpower and resources provided by Component 1 (Data and IT) and Component 4. Not all countries have completed this task, and the reference catalogue is therefore only partially complete.
The workshop unanimously agreed that WEBLIS is unwieldy, difficult to install and operate, and unsuitable for purposes such as establishing a web-based reference manager for the Component. There is a need to identify suitable software, together with the expertise to convert and transfer information already captured onto WEBLIS. This activity affects all Components, and therefore needs to be resolved at a programmatic level (Regional meeting or Steering committee).
A partial list of references relevant to Component 4 is provided at the end of the document, in section 11.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 19
7) Data gap-analysis and identification of key issues
7.1) Data gap-analysis
Each of the 9 countries produced a national data gap-analysis and needs analysis for Component 4 within a pre-designed structure (Table 6). Standardized key questions within each of the categories on Table 6 were restricted to a ‘Yes’ or ‘No’, answer for each species (S1, S2, etc.) and the resulting gaps or data needs were highlighted to make them stand out clearly. Participation by experts from each country ensured that local knowledge of databases and individual country needs were adequately reflected in the national gap-analyses.
Table 6: Structure of national data gap-analyses by country and selected pelagic fish species (S1 = Species 1, etc; N = No; Y = Yes). National Gap-analysis by species for [Country] S1 S2 S3 1. SWIOFP data component - Capture & verification of relevant data a) Database Support (Data verified and captured on electronic database?) N Y Y b) Metadatabase (Relevant databases captured onto SWIOFP Excel meta-database?) N Y Y c) WEBLIS (Relevant reports listed on WEBLIS?) N Y Y
2. Existing data by species and category as available on national databases a) Catches (nrs or weight) N Y Y b) CPUE (or catch & effort information) N Y Y c) Size composition / sex ratio / reproductive data N Y Y d) Tagging data NNY e) Genetic samples NNN
3. Species-specific studies done nationally a) General descriptive Y Y Y b) Biology, life history, size N N Y c) Population dynamics, trends in catch, CPUE N N Y d) Age and growth NNY e) Migrations NNY f) Stock assessments & Reference points N N N g) Genetic stock structure N N N
4. Species-specific management (national) a) A management strategy exists for the species in SA? Y Y Y b) Management strategy supported by recent qualitative/ quantitative analyses (<5y old)? N N N c) The present management strategy considers regional stocks also (through IOTC)? N N N
At the Regional Component 4 Workshop, the national gap analyses were discussed in detail, and amended where necessary to best reflect country needs within a regional perspective. The results of the National gap-analyses are shown in Appendix 3. The information gaps and country needs highlighted by the gap-analyses, together with the prioritized lists of species and fisheries, and the outcome of the Regional Component 4 workshop form the basis for section 9 below, in which research objectives and projects are proposed for Component 4.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 20
9) KEY ISSUES, RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND PROJECT PROPOSALS FOR COMPONENT 4
Objective 1: Consolidation and retrospective analysis of existing information
Scope: The handling and analysis of existing data is a cross-cutting activity that needs to be shared between Components 1 (Data and IT) and Component 4. Activities to be undertaken at a national level with regional oversight, and should lead to consolidated regional datasets (standardized and of verified quality) for the most important fisheries / resources, and retrospective analyses of historical information to show past trends.
Key issues to be addressed: 1. Most datasets are of national origin and belong to the respective countries. Formal decisions need to be made on data under country jurisdictions, to determine what data can be made available to SWIOFP, and what mechanism should be used to share data regionally within the project. A Component 1 activity.
2. SWIOFP general data issues and funding for data activities fall under Component 1, but Component 4 retains the responsibility for data activities regarding pelagic fishes. Thus, long-term data-handling support is required for Component 4.
3. Data issues to be handled within Component 4 are: a) decisions on priority species for retrospective analyses; b) selections of useful datasets and facilitating data capture, verification, standardizations; c) decisions on analysis methods; d) production of historical indices for regional use.
4. Datasets are scattered over many locations in each country, and are presently stored in a variety of formats (incl. paper records, Lotus, MS-Excel, Access, Oracle databases). Key datasets may eventually be lost. Data storage facilities (at national or programmatic level) need to be established by Component 1, and populated (used) by Components 2-6.
5. Key historical datasets on small and medium pelagic fishes collected by research ships such as the R/V Fridtjof Nansen need to be identified, and analyzed for information on resource distribution, abundance and species composition.
6. Access to historical information on tunas and tuna-like species held by regional bodies such as the IOTC need to be clarified, so that it can be used to support relevant SWIOFP research projects.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 21 7. The Workshop was not satisfied with the performance of WEBLIS. Users found it to be difficult to operate, incompatible with other software in general use (such as standard reference managers, MS Word, Excel), and difficult to access and download over the web. An alternative reference manager / library catalogue needs to be considered, and the transfer of captured information to a new system should also be considered. Component 1 activity.
Project 1: Long-term data-handling support within Component 4
Project description / aims: The project will provide funds for long-term data handling within Component 4, as a cross-cutting activity with Component 1.
Activities / methods: Activities to support the identification of relevant existing datasets and their subsequent enhancement through quality assurance, data conversions, standardizations, consolidation and secure data storage. Funding for a Consultant to propose a future strategy for data management within Component 4 is recommended.
Timeframe: 3 years, ongoing support function
Budget: To be determined. Cross-funding with Component 1.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 22
Project 2: Retrospective analyses to describe historical trends
Project description / aims: The aims of the project are to produce historical indices of distribution and abundance of selected species, or fisheries performance, through retrospective analysis of consolidated datasets.
Activities / methods: Analysis of consolidated datasets (as provided in Project 1 above) to provide baseline information on the distribution and abundance trends of selected species, or fisheries trends. The analyses should include historical data on small and medium pelagic fishes collected by the R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, and should also aim to support IOTC initiatives for large pelagic fishes. Funding for a Consultant to undertake retrospective analyses to be considered.
Timeframe: To be decided
Budget: To be decided
Objective 2: New data collection
Scope: Collection of new information refers to surveys at sea to be undertaken by research ships, wet-leased vessels, scientific observers stationed on commercial fishing vessels, and port (landing site) sampling projects.
Key issues to be addressed: The workshop subdivided the key issues into categories for small-, medium- and large pelagic fishes, and defined the key regional issues as follows:
Small pelagic fishes (see prioritized species list)
1. Information on the fisheries for small pelagic fishes (i.e. catch and effort statistics and biological data) is scarce for the region, and most countries collect only very basic information that is inadequate for assessments of stock status or fisheries potential. – Port (landing site) sampling methods to be strengthened.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 23
2. Past acoustics and midwater trawl surveys were undertaken by research ships (i.e. the R/V Dr Fridtjof Nansen surveys) in some areas (i.e. Mozambique in 2007; eastern Madagascar in 2008), and these surveys need to be extended and/or repeated to include the shelf areas of the SWIOFP region. – Acoustic and midwater trawl surveys to be undertaken to identify species composition, distribution patterns, abundance and fisheries potential. Note that the R/V Fridtjof Nansen cannot survey off Kenya, Tanzania and Seychelles in 2009 because of the present security situation.
Medium pelagic fishes (see prioritized list)
3. Information on medium pelagic fishes (i.e. fishing effort and targeted or bycatches; biological data) is patchy, and most countries collect only basic information that is inadequate for assessments of stock status or fisheries potential. – Port (landing site) sampling methods and fisheries observer programme to be strengthened / developed.
4. Small tuna / tuna-like species (i.e. Euthynnus affinis, Sarda orientalis, Scomberomorus commerson) were identified as an important group that is not adequately covered by the IOTC for the SWIOFP region. These species were prioritized at information levels 3 and 4 (biology, migrations, age and growth, genetic population structure). Species-specific historical information may exist for some areas and need to be included in studies where possible.
5. Carangids were recognized as an important group (particularly for nearshore artisanal and recreational fisheries) and they were prioritized at information level 2 (i.e. data collection by observers / port samplers to determine species and size composition, catch and effort).
6. Harmonization of sampling strategies for medium pelagic fisheries across the region (port sampling / landing sites / fisheries observers) is required.
7. In the framework of EAF, special attention should be given to subsurface medium pelagic groups (i.e. oilfish, escolar, pomfret) as indicators of impact of fishing on large pelagic fishes.
Large pelagic fishes (see prioritized species list)
8. Swordfish was identified as a key large pelagic species for the region with sampling to be conducted at information level 4 (biology, genetics, migrations, feeding biology, vertical movements).
9. Pelagic sharks were identified as a regionally important group based on their vulnerability and large catches by long-liners, particularly the oceanic species – several species were rated at information level 4.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 24
10. Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and skipjack tuna (Katsowonus pelamis) were identified as key species for projects at information level 4.
11. Surveys with wet-leased vessels (and observer information) to incrementally strengthen the Tuna Tagging Programme (using archival pop-up and sonic tags to track horizontal and vertical movements, particularly for bigeye tuna and swordfish) and other relevant projects of the IOTC, rather than develop stand-alone activities.
12. Surveys on wet-leased long-line vessels (and observer information) to include data-collection on depredation of long-line catches by mammals / sharks.
Cross-cutting issues
13. Surveys using instrumented long-lines to determine the habitat and behaviour of medium / large pelagic fishes. Gear efficiency was identified as a key research avenue. Instrumented long-line surveys are likely to use wet-leased commercial long-liners with a scientific complement on board, and will integrate sampling for various projects at the same time (i.e. swordfish, large and small tunas, pelagic sharks, depredation, bycatches of subsurface medium pelagic species).
14. The development of anchored FAD fisheries for medium / large pelagic fishes was identified, with information level 2 data of catches around FADs required (i.e. species composition, catch, effort, size composition). A workshop to further develop anchored FAD / long-line fisheries projects and to harmonize the research initiatives in the region is required.
15. Linkage of pelagic fisheries information with environmental information (integration of ASCLME with SWIOFP) need to be strengthened.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 25
Project 3: Acoustic and midwater trawl surveys
Project description / aims: The project comprises of acoustic and midwater trawl surveys to provide information on the distribution, species composition, and relative abundance of small pelagic fishes (i.e. scads, sardines, small mackerels).
Activities / methods: Acoustic and midwater trawl surveys, with biological sampling of priority species at levels 1 – 3.
Surveys have been completed using the R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen for eastern Madagascar (2008, ASCLME), Mascarene Ridge (2008, ASCLME) northern Mozambique (2009, SWIOFP), western Madagascar (2009, SWIOFP / ASCLME), and Comores (2009, SWIOFP / ASCLME).
Note that the R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen cannot survey off Kenya, Tanzania and Seychelles in 2009 because of the present security situation with piracy in the WIO, and that if surveys in these countries are required, another vessel will have to be sought.
Timeframe: To be decided
Budget: To be decided
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 26
Project 4: Surveys for small / medium sized tuna and tuna-like species
Project description / Aims: Small epipelagic tuna / tuna-like species (i.e. Euthynnus affinis, Sarda orientalis, Scomberomorus commerson) were identified as a priority group that is not adequately covered by the IOTC for the SWIOFP region. The project aims to use various sampling methods (i.e. port sampling, observers at sea, analysis of existing data, instrumented long-line surveys using wet-leased vessels) to provide fisheries and biological information to support future regional management initiatives.
Activities / Methods: Detailed development of project is required, and the project should support a purpose-designed MSc project. Data to be collected at information levels 1-4 as specified on the list of priority species.
Timeframe: To be decided
Budget: To be decided
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 27
Project 5: Instrumented long-line surveys
Project description / Aims: The project will comprise the wet-lease of commercial long-liners with a scientific complement on board for surveys using instrumented long-lines. The aim of the surveys will be to determine the habitat and behaviour of medium / large pelagic fishes and the efficiency of fishing gear. The surveys will integrate sampling for various projects at the same time, such as for Project 4 above, and for the following subprojects:
• Subproject 5.1: Swordfish • Subproject 5.2: Bigeye tuna • Subproject 5.3: Pelagic sharks • Subproject 5.4: Medium pelagics (subsurface) • Subproject 5.5: Gear optimization • Subproject 5.6: Predation mitigation
Activities / Methods: Detailed development of project and subprojects are required, and at least some of the subproject should support purpose-designed MSc projects. Vessel to be wet-leased. Instruments (including pop-up and acoustic tags, and hook-timers) to be decided upon, and procured. Data to be collected at information levels 1-4 as specified on the list of priority species.
Timeframe: To be decided
Budget: To be decided
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 28
Project 6: FAD fisheries
Project description / Aims: The project will aim to develop anchored FAD fisheries for medium / large pelagic fishes, including bottom-mapping of potential areas of deployment, and collection of data on species composition, catch, fishing effort, and the movement of fishes around FADs. The project has the potential to develop new fisheries.
Activities / Methods: A workshop is required to develop the FAD project. Data to be collected at information levels 1-4 as specified on the list of priority species. Tagging around FADs to be used to determine fish residence time.
Timeframe: To be decided
Budget: To be decided
Objective 3: Capacity building
Scope: Capacity building in the Component includes workshops to develop skills and harmonize research methods and strategies, the development of a long-term professional observer programme for sampling of commercial fisheries at sea, and tertiary education at MSc level for selected scientists per country. The MSc programme should support the planned Component 4 projects.
Key issues to be addressed:
1. Training within the component must include courses, workshops and in-service training to: a) improve gear efficiency; b) apply basic data-analysis methods using actual information collected during SWIOFP surveys; c) improve data collection at port sampling stations / landing sites.
2. A scientific observer programme to sample commercial fishing at sea for data on catches by species, fishing effort, size and sex composition, age and growth, and
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 29 bycatches is required for the component. An observer programme must address: a) the identification of career-oriented individuals; b) training of skills to a high level; and c) the standardization of data collection methods across the region. Development of an observer programme may be a shared activity between Components.
3. Studentships at MSc level to be developed and funded by the project. The project proposal is for a maximum of two scientists for Component 4 per country. The numbers of studentships to be harmonized with other Components.
Project 7: Development of a fisheries observer / port sampler programme
Project description / Aims:
The aims of the project are to develop a scientific observer programme to: a) sample commercial fishing at sea for data on catches by species, fishing effort, size and sex composition, age and growth, and bycatches; and b) establish a port sampler programme.
Activities / Methods: The observer programme must address: a) the identification / recruitment of career-oriented individuals; b) training of skills to a high level; c) the standardization of data collection methods across the region; d) deployment of observers / port samplers; and e) capture and verification of data. The development of an observer programme may be a shared activity between Components.
Timeframe: To be decided
Budget: To be decided
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 30
Project 8: Training within Component 4
Project description / Aims: The project will encompass training within the component, including courses, workshops and in-service training. The aims of the project are to strengthen technical capacity within the pelagic fish component at a regional level.
Activities / methods: Training initiatives were requested to address: a) improvement of gear efficiency; b) basic data-analysis using actual information collected during SWIOFP surveys; c) consistent data collection at port sampling stations / landing sites.
Timeframe: To be decided
Budget: To be decided
Project 9: Studentships at MSc level
Project description / Aims: The project will develop and fund studentships to address specific issues within the Component at MSc level.
Activities / methods: Development of MSc projects relevant to the objectives of Component 4. Recruit, fund and supervise students.
Timeframe: To be decided
Budget: To be decided. The project proposal is for a maximum of two scientists for Component 4 per country, and this needs to be harmonized with other Components.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 31 10) Reference list: Documents on Pelagic fishes / fisheries for the WIO region (incomplete)
a) La Reunion and by IRD scientists working in the Indian Ocean region
Before 1980:
1961 - Crosnier Alain, Fourmanoir Pierre, 1961 - La pêche du thon à Madagascar : état actuel des recherches. Bulletin de Madagascar, 1961, (185), p. 1-25.
1972 - Marcille Jacques, 1972 - Aperçu sur la pêche des thonidés dans l'Ouest de l'océan Indien. Source Bulletin de Madagascar, 1972, (318-319), p. 1-16.
1973 - Marcille Jacques, Veillon P., 1973 - Prospections et pêches thonières au Nord et à l'Ouest de Madagascar en 1972. Nosy-Bé : ORSTOM, 1973, 33 p. multigr.
1973 - Stéquert Bernard, Poulain Jean-François, 1973 - Compte rendu de la campagne "Comores" 09-73. ORSTOM, 1973, 20 p. multigr. (Archives - Centre ORSTOM de Nosy-Bé ; 12).
1976 - Marcille Jacques, Stéquert Bernard, 1976 - Etude préliminaire de la croissance du listao (Katsuwonus pelamis) dans l'Ouest de l'Océan Indien tropical. Source Cahiers ORSTOM.Série Océanographie, 1976, 14 (2), p. 139-151.
1976 - Marcille Jacques, Stéquert Bernard, 1976 - Croissance des jeunes albacores Thunnus albacares et patudos, Thunnus obesus de la côte nord-ouest de Madagascar. Cahiers ORSTOM.Série Océanographie, 1976, 14 (2), p. 153-162.
1976 - Stéquert Bernard, 1976 - Etude de la maturité sexuelle, de la ponte et de la fécondité du listao (Katsuwonus pelamis) de la côte nord-ouest de Madagascar. Cahiers ORSTOM.Série Océanographie, 1976, 14 (3), p. 227-247. b) 1980-1989
1982 - Conand François, Richards W.J., 1982 - Distribution of tuna larvae between Madagascar and the Equator, Indian Ocean. Biological Oceanography, 1982, , p. 321-336.
1983 - Marsac Francis, Stéquert Bernard, 1983 - Premiers résultats de la prospection du thonier senneur "Yves de Kerguelen" dans l'océan Indien. La Pêche Maritime, 1983, 62 (1265), p. 458-465.
1983 - Francis, Piton Bernard, Potier Michel, Stéquert Bernard, 1983 - Campagne expérimentale de pêche à la senne du thonier "Yves de Kerguelen" dans l'Ouest de l'océan Indien tropical. Victoria-Mahé : ORSTOM, 1983, 112 p. multigr.
1984 - Potier Michel, Marsac Francis, 1984 - Pêche thonière dans l'océan Indien : campagne exploratoire d'une flotille de senneurs (1982-1983). Victoria-Mahé : ORSTOM, 1984, 87 p. multigr.
1984 - Marsac Francis, Stéquert Bernard, 1984 - Bilan des prospections sur les ressources thonières de surface effectuées depuis 1971 dans l'océan Indien occidental. Pêche Maritime, 1984, (1271), p. 1-12.
1985 - Hallier Jean-Pierre, Marsac Francis, 1985 - La flotille thonière franco-ivoirienne opérant dans l'océan Indien occidental de novembre 1983 à décembre 1984. Expert consultation on stock assessment of tunas in the Indian ocean. Victoria Mahé : IPTP, 1985, p. 157-164. (Collective Volume of Working Documents - IPTP ; TWS/85/32).
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 32 1985 - Hallier Jean-Pierre, Nageon de Lestang J. (trad.), 1985 - Purse seining on debris-associated schools in the Western Indian Ocean. Rome : FAO, 1985, p. 150-156.
1985 - Marsac Francis, Lablache G, 1985 - Prelimary study of the growth of yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) estimated from purse seine data in the Western Indian Ocean. FAO, 1985, 13 p.
1986 - Stéquert Bernard, 1986 - Prospections thonières de surface menées par les Japonais de l'Océan Indien. Source La Pêche Maritime, 1986, (1302), p. 646-650.
1986 - Hallier Jean-Pierre, 1986 - Le développement de la pêche thonière dans l'océan Indien face aux ressources. In Management of Indian Ocean tuna, Victoria Mahé : SFA, 1986, 21 p.
1987 - Marsac Francis, Stéquert Bernard, 1987 - La pêche des thons autour d'épaves ancrées dans l'Océan Indien. La Pêche Maritime, 1987, 1311, p. 439-446.
1988 - Hallier Jean-Pierre, 1988 - Pêche à la senne dans l'océan Indien : la pêcherie, ses implantations, ses répercussions locales, son suivi scientifique. La Pêche Maritime, 1988, , p. 740-746.
1988 - Marsac Francis , 1988 - Purse seine tuna fishing and environmental conditions in the Somali basin (0°-12°N, 43°E-60°E) at the cessation of the Southwest monsoon. In The stock assessment of tunas in the Indian Ocean, IPTP, 1988, 19 p.
1988 - Lablache G., Karpinski Bernard, 1988 - Seychelles research observer program. In Expert consultation on the stock assessment of tuna in the Indian Ocean. IPTP, 1988, 9 p. multigr. (IPTB/TWS ; 88/53).
1989 - Hallier Jean-Pierre, 1989 - Aspects of the biology of the major tuna baitfishes from the Seychelles. ORSTOM, 1989, 22 p. multigr.
1989 - Hallier Jean-Pierre, 1989 - La pêcherie à la senne française et ivoirienne dans l'Océan Indien occidental (1982-1987). La Pêche Maritime, 1989, (1327), p. 39-44. c) 1990 - 1999
1990 - Cayré Patrice, Ramcharrun B., 1990 - Results of the tagging operations conducted within the regional tuna project (Indian ocean commission) in 1988 and 1989. In Expert consultation on stock assessment of tunas in the Indian ocean. Petite Rivière : Fisheries Research Centre, 1990, 10 p. multigr. Expert Consultation on Stock Assessment of Tunas in the Indian Ocean, 1990/07/02-06, Bangkok
1990 - Biais G., Taquet M., 1990 - Dispositifs de Concentration de Poissons autour de l'île de La Réunion (Océan Indien). - Ifremer, RIDRV 90-005 RH/La Réunion, 34 p.
1990 - Biais G., Taquet M., 1990 - Technologie des dispositifs de concentration de poissons et techniques de pêche aux gros pélagiques. Ifremer, RIDRV 90-58 RH/La Réunion, 42 p.
1990 - Montaudoin Xavier de, Hallier Jean-Pierre, Hassani S, 1990 - Length-weight relationships for yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) from Western Indian ocean. In Expert consultation on stock assessment of tuna in the Indian Ocean, SFA, 1990, p. 47-65.
1990 - Fonteneau Alain, Hallier Jean-Pierre, 1990 - Possible interactions between the purse seine and bait boat skipjack fisheries in the Indian ocean. In Expert consultation on the stock assessment of tuna in the Indian Ocean. Bangkok : IPTP, 1990, 12 p. multigr. (IPTP/TWS ; 90/67).
1991 - Le Gall J.Y. (ed.), Reviers X. de (ed.), Roger Claude (ed.), 1991 - Actes de la conférence thonière régionale. ORSTOM, 1991, 143 p. (Colloques et Séminaires). Conférence Thonière Régionale, 1990/05/9- 12, Antananarivo.
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1991 - Biais G., Taquet M., 1991 - La pêche locale aux abords de La Réunion. Ifremer, RIDRV 91-16 RH/La Réunion, 68 p.
1991 - Hallier Jean-Pierre, 1991 - Les pêcheries thonières dans l'Océan Indien : méthodes de capture et historique de leur évolution. In Le Gall J.Y. (ed.), Reviers X. de (ed.), Roger Claude (ed.). Actes de la conférence thonière régionale. ORSTOM, 1991, p. 43-53. (Colloques et Séminaires).
1991 - Le Gall J.Y. , Reviers X. de, Roger Claude - 1991 - Projet thonier régional n° 1 : rapport de synthèse. In Le Gall J.Y. (ed.), Reviers X. de (ed.), Roger Claude (ed.). Actes de la conférence thonière régionale. ORSTOM, 1991, p. 117-142. (Colloques et Séminaires).
1991 - Cayré Patrice, 1991 - Behaviour of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) around fish aggregating devices (FADs) in the Comoros islands as determinated by ultrasonie tagging. Aquatic Living Resources, 1991, 4, p. 1-12.
1991 - Stéquert Bernard, Marsac Francis , 1991 - Pêche thonière à la senne : évolution de la technique et bilan de dix années d'exploitation dans l'océan Indien. Rapport ORSTOM, 1991, 39 p.
1991 - Biais G., Taquet M., 1991 - La pêche locale réunionnaise. - Repère Océan n°2, 77 p.
1991 - Hallier Jean-Pierre, 1991 - Yellowfin lenght-weight relationships from western Indian Ocean purse seine fisheries. Workshop on stock assessment of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean. Colombo : FAO;IPTP, 1991, p. 29-34.
1991 - Marsac Francis, 1991 - Growth of Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna estimated from size frequencies data collected on french purse seiners. In Workshop on stock assessment of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean. Colombo : FAO;IPTP, 1991, p. 35-39. (Collective Volume of Working Document ; 6).
1991 - Cayré Patrice, 1991 - Dynamique et gestion des ressources thonières. L'Express Culture & Research, 1991, 1 (3), p. 2-13.
1991 - Cayré Patrice, 1991 - Behaviour of yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) around FADs as determined by sonic tagging. In Pietersz V.L.C. (ed.). Symposium on artificial reefs and fish aggregating devices as tools for the management and enhancement of marine fishery resources. RAPA, 1991, p. 41-60. (RAPA Report ; 1991/11).
1992 - Hallier Jean-Pierre, Parajua J.I., 1992. Fishing for tunas on the same floating object. In Fishing for tunas associated with floating objects. International Workshop on Fishing for Tunas Associated with Floating Objects, 1992/02/11-14, La Jolla , IATTC, 1992, 8 p.
1992 - Hallier Jean-Pierre, Parajua J.I., 1992 - Review of tuna fisheries on floating objects in the Indian Ocean. In Fishing for tunas associated with floating objects. International Workshop on Fishing for Tunas Associated with Floating Objects, 1992/02/11-14, La Jolla , IATTC, 1992, 25 p.
1992 - Parajua J.I., Hallier Jean-Pierre, 1992 - Western Indian Ocean purse seine fishery on yellowfin tuna : its specifications regarding log and free swimming school catches. In Fishing for tunas associated with floating objects. International Workshop on Fishing for Tunas Associated with Floating Objects, 1992/02/11-14, La Jolla , IATTC, 1992, 15 p.
1993 - Cayré Patrice, Marsac Francis, 1993 - Modelling the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) vertical distribution using sonic tagging results and local environmental parameters. Aquatic Living Resources, 1993, 6, p. 1-14.
1994 - Roger Claude, 1994 - Relationships among yellowfin and skipjack tuna, their prey-fish and plankton in the Tropical Western Indian Ocean. Fisheries Oceanography, 1994, 2 (2), p. 133-141.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 34
1994 - Roger Claude, 1994 - The plankton of the tropical western Indian Ocean as a biomass indirectly supporting surface tunas (yellowfin, Thunnus albacares and skipjack, Katsuwonus pelamis). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 1994, 39, p. 161-172.
1995 - Stéquert Bernard, Ramcharrun B., 1995 - La fécondité du listao (Katsuwonus pelamis) de l'ouest de l'Océan Indien. Aquatic Living Resources, 1995, 8, p. 79-89.
1995 - Pianet Renaud (ed.), 1995 - Statistiques et indices des pêcheries thonières tropicales à la senne : compte-rendu de la réunion du groupe de travail ORSTOM. ORSTOM, 1995, 61 p. (Colloques et Séminaires). Réunion du Groupe de Travail ORSTOM sur les Statistiques et Indices des Pêcheries Thonières Tropicales à la Senne, 1991/07/2-5, Paris
1996 - Stéquert Bernard, Ramcharrun B, 1996 - La reproduction du listao (Katsuwonus pelamis) dans le bassin ouest de l'Océan Indien. Aquatic Living Resources, 1996, 9 (3), p. 235-247.
1996 - Marsac Francis, Cayré Patrice, Conand François, 1996 - Analysis of small-scale movements of yellowfin tuna around fish- aggregating devices (FADs) using sonic tags. In Anganuzzi A.A. (ed.), Stobberup K.A. (ed.), Webb N.J. (ed.). Proceedings of the sixth expert consultation on Indian Ocean tunas. Colombo : Indo-Pacific tuna development and management programme, 1996, p. 151-159. (IPTP Collective Volume ; 9).
1996 - Fonteneau Alain, 1996 - Preliminary comparative overview of the environment and the fisheries for yellowfin, skipjack and bigeye tunas in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans : abstract. In Anganuzzi A.A. (ed.), Stobberup K.A. (ed.), Webb N.J. (ed.). Proceedings of the sixth expert consultation on Indian Ocean tunas. Colombo : Indo-Pacific tuna development and management programme, 1996, p. 119. (IPTP Collective Volume ; 9).
1996 - Stéquert Bernard, Ramcharrun B., 1996 - The fecundity of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) from the western Indian ocean : abstract. In Anganuzzi A.A. (ed.), Stobberup K.A. (ed.), Webb N.J. (ed.). Proceedings of the sixth expert consultation on Indian Ocean tunas. Indo-Pacific tuna development and management programme, 1996, p. 245. (IPTP Collective Volume ; 9).
1996 - Stéquert Bernard, Ramcharrun B., 1996 - Sexual cycle of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) from the western Indian ocean : abstract. In Anganuzzi A.A. (ed.), Stobberup K.A. (ed.), Webb N.J. (ed.). Proceedings of the sixth expert consultation on Indian Ocean tunas. Indo-Pacific tuna development and management programme, 1996, p. 246. (IPTP Collective Volume ; 9).
1996 - Stéquert Bernard, Panfili Jacques, Dean J.M., 1996 - Age and growth of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, from the Western Indian Ocean, based on otolith microstructure. Fishery Bulletin, 1996, 94, p. 124-134.
1997 - Poisson F., Meté K. ,1997. Acquisition de données sur la biologie, la croissance, la reproduction et la répartition spatio-temporelle des principales espèces ciblées par la pêcherie palangrière. Rapport intermédiaire, Ifremer/RH/La Réunion, 17 p.
1997 - Tessier E., Poisson F., 1997. Bilan sur la mise en place d'un système de récolte de données sur la pêche artisanale sur DCP, Commission de l’Océan Indien, Association Thonière. Document scientifique n°34 du PTR II, Action I, statistiques thonières, 42 p.
1997 - Poisson F, Tessier E., 1997. Bilan sur les quatre années de suivi des pêcheries palangrières dans les ZEE françaises de l'océan Indien. Rapport intermédiaire, Ifremer/RH/La Réunion, 17 p.
1998 - Fonteneau Alain, 1998 - Panorama de l'exploitation des thonidés dans l'océan Indien. In Cayré Patrice (ed.), Le Gall J.Y. Le thon : enjeux et stratégies pour l'océan Indien. ORSTOM, 1998, p. 49-74. (Colloques et Séminaires).
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 35
1998 - Pianet Renaud, 1998 - Etat des stocks de thonidés dans l'océan Indien. In Cayré Patrice (ed.), Le Gall J.Y. Le thon : enjeux et stratégies pour l'océan Indien. ORSTOM,
1998, p. 75-104. (Colloques et Séminaires).
1998 - Pianet Renaud, 1998 - Etat des connaissances scientifiques sur les ressources thonières dans l'océan Indien ouest. In Cayré Patrice (ed.), Le Gall J.Y. Le thon : enjeux et stratégies pour l'océan Indien. ORSTOM, 1998, p. 105-138. (Colloques et Séminaires).
1998 - Marsac Francis, 1998 - Environnement océanique et pêche thonière : l'environnement océanique et son impact sur la pêche thonière hauturière : des relations individuelles et locales aux processus générés à l'échelle de l'océan. In Cayré Patrice (ed.), Le Gall J.Y. Le thon : enjeux et stratégies pour l'océan Indien. ORSTOM, 1998, p. 139-176. (Colloques et Séminaires).
1998 - Sweenarain S., Cayré Patrice, 1998 - Impact économique des activités thonières industrielles et perspectives de développement dans les pays membres de la Commission de l'océan Indien. In Cayré Patrice (ed.), Le Gall J.Y. Le thon : enjeux et stratégies pour l'océan Indien. ORSTOM, 1998, p. 209-236. (Colloques et Séminaires).
1998 - Doumenge F., 1998 - Les stratégies de pêches thonières palangrières asiatiques dans l'océan Indien (1952 - 1983). In Cayré Patrice (ed.), Le Gall J.Y. Le thon : enjeux et stratégies pour l'océan Indien. ORSTOM, 1998, p. 237-271. (Colloques et Séminaires).
1998 - René F., Poisson F., Tessier E., 1998 - Evolution de la pêcherie palangrière ciblant l'espadon (Xiphias gladius) à partir de La Réunion. Cayré Patrice (ed.), Le Gall J.Y. Le thon : enjeux et stratégies pour l'océan Indien. Paris : ORSTOM, 1998, p. 287-312. (Colloques et Séminaires).
1998 - Rey H, 1998 - Dispositifs de concentration de poissons (DCP) dans les pays de la Commission de l'océan Indien (COI) : innovation et révolution dans les pratiques de pêche. In Cayré Patrice (ed.), Le Gall J.Y. Le thon : enjeux et stratégies pour l'océan Indien. ORSTOM, 1998, p. 313-334. (Colloques et Séminaires).
1998 - Stretta Jean-Michel, Delgado de Molina A., Ariz J., Domalain Gilles, Santana J.C., 1998 - Les espèces associées aux pêches thonières tropicales dans l'océan Indien. In Cayré Patrice (ed.), Le Gall J.Y. Le thon : enjeux et stratégies pour l'océan Indien. ORSTOM, 1998, p. 369-386. (Colloques et Séminaires).
1998 - Fonteneau Alain, 1998 - Les interactions entre pêcheries thonières : quelques considérations globales. In Cayré Patrice (ed.), Le Gall J.Y. Le thon : enjeux et stratégies pour l'océan Indien. ORSTOM, 1998, p. 387-395. (Colloques et Séminaires).
1999 - Poisson F., Mardhel V., 1999. Atlas interactif des pêcheries palangrières opérant dans les ZEE Françaises de l’océan Indien, Programme Palangre Réunion, Ifremer/RH/La Réunion, CD-ROM.
1999 - Poisson F., Mété K., Guyomard D., 1999. Etude sur le comportement à méso-échelle des principales espèces pélagiques capturées par la pêcherie palangrière réunionnaise. Programme Palangre Réunion, Ifremer/RH/La Réunion, 23 p.
1999 - Poisson F., Vanpouille M., Mété K., 1999. Optimisation de la stratégie de pêche, Etudes des pertes occasionnées par les mammifères marins sur les captures des palangriers réunionnais, Programme Palangre Réunion, Ifremer/RH/La Réunion, 41 p.
1997 - René F., Poisson F., Tessier E., 1997. Evolution de la pêcherie palangrière ciblant l'espadon (Xiphias gladius) à partir de La Réunion. Ifremer/RH/La Réunion, 21 p. d) 2000 - 2009
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2000 - Poisson F., Taquet M., 2000 - French swordfish longline fishery in south West Indian Ocean : preliminary results from the PPR program. International Working party on billfish, IOTC, Victoria (Seychelles) October, 2000, 33 p.
2000 - Poisson F., Taquet M., 2000 - Preliminary scheme of a large scale Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) tagging program in the Indian Ocean. International Working party on tagging program , IOTC, Victoria (Seychelles) September, 2000, 4 p.
2000 - Tessier E., Poisson F., 2000, «DCP et pêche palangrière à La Réunion, antagonisme ou complémentarité ? » in J.-Y. Legall, P. Cayré et M. Taquet (éds.), Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons (Colloque Caraïbe-Martinique) Ifremer - IRD – ENSAR, Trois Ilets, Martinique, 15-19 octobre 1999.
2000 - Poisson F., Taquet M., 2000 - Tuna fishery in Reunion Island. International Working party on Tropical tunas, IOTC, Victoria (Seychelles) September 2000, 19 p.
2000 - Poisson F., Tréca K., Mété K., 2000. Etude des caractéristiques biologiques de l’espadon., Programme Palangre Réunion, Ifremer/RH/La Réunion, 68 p.
2000 - Poisson F. 2000. Bilan des observations de tortues marines effectuées par la flottille des palangriers réunionnais (1996-1998). Bulletin Phaeton, 1999, 9 : 13-15.
2001 - Gaertner J.C., Poisson F., Taquet M., 2001 - Analyse des interactions entre les captures de grands pélagiques de la flottille palangrière réunionnaise et les conditions de pêche (caractéristiques techniques, environnement). In : L’espadon : de la recherche à l’exploitation durable. Poisson F., Taquet M. (eds). Programme Palangre Réunionnais, Rapport final, 106-127.
2001 - Poisson F., Taquet M., 2001 - L’espadon : de la recherche à l’exploitation durable. Programme Palangre Réunionnais. Convention n°98/1212978/F, Ifremer RH/La Réunion, 248p.
2001 - Lemercier P., Taquet M., Poisson F., Roos D.,2001 - Palangres, tortues, DCP, aquaculture, environnement, Ifremer Réunion sur tous les fronts. Le Marin, Les nouvelles de l’Ifremer n°26, juin 2001, 1-2.
2001 - Taquet M., Poisson F., 2001 - Reunion Swordfish Fishery (France), Country Report. IOTC, Working party on billfish, 5 to 9 November 2001, Saint-Gilles les Bains, Reunion Island (France), 13 p.
2001 - Stéquert Bernard, Nunez Rodriguez Jésus, Cuisset B., Le Menn F., 2001 - Gonadosomatic index and seasonal variations of plasma sex steroids in skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) from the western Indian ocean. Aquatic Living Resources, 2001, 14 (5), p. 313-318.
2004 - Letourneur Y., Chabanet P., Durville P., Taquet M., Tessier E., Parmentier M., Quéro J.-C. & K. Pothin, 2004 - An updated checklist of the marine fish fauna of Reunion Island, South-Western Indian Ocean. Cybium 28 (3), 199-216.
2004 - Taquet M., 2004 - Le comportement agrégatif de la dorade coryphène (Coryphaena hippurus) autour des objets flottants. Thèse de doctorat de l’Université de Paris 6, Océanologie biologique et environnement marin, 168 p.
2004 - Taquet M., 2004 - Dynamique et Organisation des Ressources Associées aux Dispositifs Epipélagiques, Projet « DORADE ». Rapport final de convention DIREDIFREMER n° 31008/DIRED/JPP/rp.
2005 - Dempster T. & Taquet M., 2005 - Fish aggregation device (FAD) research : gaps in current knowledge and future directions for ecological studies. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish., (2004) 14:21-42.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 37
2005 - Taquet M., 2005 - Le comportement agrégatif de la dorade coryphène (Coryphaena hippurus) autour des objets flottants. Cybium, 29(4), Résumé de these, p. 372.
2005 - Bach P., A. Fonteneau, 2005. Historical shifts in hooks between floats and potential target species of the Japanese longline fishery in the equatorial Western Indian Ocean. IOTC/2005/SC/INFO16, 12 p.
2006 - Dagorn L., Holland K. , Hallier J.P. , Taquet M., Moreno G., Sancho G. , Itano D., Aumeeruddy R., Girard C., Million J., Fonteneau A., 2006 - Deep diving behavior observed in yellowfin tuna ( Thunnus albacares). Aquat. Living Resour., Vol. 19, 85-88.
2006 - Jean C., Bourjea J., Jouen E, Taquet M., 2006 - Stock structure of the swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the South West Indian Ocean : a preliminary study. Bull. Mar. Scien. 79(3) : 521-526.
2006 - Jean C., Bourjea J., Miossec D., Taquet M., 2006 - Evaluation de la structure du stock d’espadon (Xiphias gladius) dans l’océan Indien à l’aide d’une approche multidisciplinaire. ICCAT Stock structure workshop, Heraklion, Crète, Grèce, 13-15 mars 2006, doc/SCRS 2006-030, 9 p.
2006 - C. Jean, J. Bourjea, D. Miossec, M. Taquet, 2006. Assessment of the stock structure of the Indian Ocean Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) : a proposal for a multidisciplinary study. IOTC-2006-WPB-04.
2006 - Petit Michel (ed.), Huynh Frédéric (ed.), 2006 - Halieutique et environnement océanique : le cas de la pêche palangrière à l'espadon depuis l'île de la Réunion . IRD Editions, 240 p.
2006 - V. Lucas, P. Bach, A. Fonteneau, 2006. Note on the interest to conduct a scientific observer program on longliners operating around Seychelles waters. IOTC/2006/WPTT/25, 5 p.
2006 - Bach P., P. Travassos, D. Gaertner, 2006. Why the number of hooks per basket (HPB) is not a good proxy indicator of the maximum fishing depth in drifting longline fisheries. Col. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT, 59(2): 701-715.
2007 - Girard C., Dagorn L., Taquet M., Aumeeruddy R., Peignon C., Benhamou S., 2007 - Homing abilities of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) displaced from fish aggregating devices (FADs) determined using acoustic telemetry. Aquat. Living Resour.,Vol. 20, (4), 313-321.
2007 - P. Méralli-Ballou, 2007 - Homme libre, toujours… La pêche à l’île de LA Réunion depuis le XVIIe siècle. Publication CRPM/Région Réunion.
2007 - Bach P. & D. Gaertner, 2007. Pelagic longline fishing depth : Confronting catenary theory data with depth observations from monitored longline fishing experiments. WP, Workshop “Pelagic longline catch rate standardizations”, Hawaii, 12 – 16 February 2007, 18 pp.
2007 - Gamblin, C., P. Bach, V. Lucas, 2007. Comparison of bycatch species captured during daytime and nightime sets: preliminarily results of longline experiments carried out in Seychelles waters.IOTC-2007- WPEB-16, Victoria, Seychelles, 11-13 July 2007.
2007 - Gamblin, C., P. Bach, V. Lucas, P.2007. Vertical habitat of longline targeted species: preliminarily results of longline experiments carried out in Seychelles waters. IOTC-2007-WPTT-28. Victoria, Seychelles, 16-20 July 2007.
2007 -Filippi T., 2007 – La pêche à la palangre dérivante à La Réunion : Apport de connaissances sur les pêches obtenues à partir de données collectées lors d’embarquements. Rapport de stage IntechMer Cherbourg, 38 p + annexes.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 38 2007 - E. Romanov, D. Gaertner, P. Bach, and N. Romanova, 2007 Depredation on pelagic longlines in the Indian Ocean: an analysis of the Soviet historical database (1961-1989) on tuna research . IOTC-2007- DWS-A1-11, 31 p.
2008 - Bourjea J. & Evano H., 2008 - Currents status of French longline fishery in the Indian Ocean Focus on billfish data.IOTC-2008-WPB-04.
2008 - Muths D., P. Grewe, C. Jean, J. Bourjea, 2008 - Genetic population structure of the Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the southwest Indian Ocean: Sex-biased differentiation, congruency between markers and its incidence in a way of stock assessment. IOTC-2009-WPB-INF02.
2008 - Romanov E., Bach P., N. Romanova 2008. Preliminary estimates of bycatches in the western equatorial Indian Ocean in the traditional multifilament longline gears (1961-1989). IOTC/2008/WPEB/WP10,16 p.
2008 - Dagorn L., Bach P., Robinson J., Deneubourg J.L., Moreno G., Di Natale A., Tserpes G., Travassos P., Dufossé L., Taquet M., Robin J.J., Bruna Valettini, Afonso P., Koutsikopoulos C., 2008. MADE: Preliminary information on a new EC project to propose measures to mitigate adverse impacts of open ocean fisheries targeting large pelagic fish. IOTC/2008/WPEB/WP14, 12 p.
2008 - Bach P, Rabearisoa N., Filippi T., S. Hubas, 2008. The first year of SEALOR : Database of SEA- going observer surveys monitoring the local pelagic LOngline fishery based in La Reunion. IOTC/2008/WPEB/WP13, 19 p.
2008 - Hubas S., 2008 – Contribution à l’étude des interactions entre la pêcherie palangrière réunionnaise et les requins, en particulier le requin peau bleue (Prionace glauca). Master recherche en Sciences et Technologies – Biodiversité Tropicale, Université des Antilles et de La Guyanne, 44 p.
2008 - P. Bach, C. Gamblin, V. Lucas, 2008. The effect of bait type on hooking responses of target and non-target species on pelagic longlines : preliminary results from fishing experiments in the Seychelles. Western Indian Ocean J. Mar. Sci.,7 (2), 151–161.
2009 - Poisson F. Fauvel C., 2009 - Reproductive dynamics of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the southwestern Indian Ocean (Reunion Island) Part 1: oocyte development, sexual maturity and spawning. Aquat. Living Resour. 22 , 45-58.
2009 - Poisson F. Fauvel C., 2009 - Reproductive dynamics of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the southwestern Indian Ocean (Reunion Island) Part 2: Fecundity and spawning pattern. Aquat. Living Resour. 22, 59–68.
2009 - Bach P., E. Romanov, T. Filippi, 2009. SWIOFP/ASCLME Project : Mesoscale eddies and large pelagic fish in the Mozambic Channel – Report of monitored longline fishing experiments carried out on board the fishing vessel “Manohal” from 27th of November to 18th of December 2008. IRD/SWIOFP Report, 74 p.
2009 - Adam de Villiers O., Lacoste E., 2009 - Relation entre descripteurs des grands poissons pélagiques et environnement océanique dans le contexte des tourbillons méso-échelle dans le Canal du Mozambique. Rapport Master BEST 1ère année, Université de La Réunion, 30 p.
2009 - J. Bourgea J., Evano H., L. Leru, 2009 - Up-date of the La Réunion longline and coastal fisheries data with special focus on billfishes. IOTC-2009-WPB-07.
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 39 APPENDIX 1: Prioritization of species and level of information required from SWIOFP projects Info level 1234 South Africa Mozambique Tanzania Kenya Mauritius France Seychelles Comores Madagascar Score Presence / absence + catch Basic info (size / sex), effort Biological level (age, sex, maturity) - PSA (Feeding ecology, genetics, behaviour, migration No. Species name Common name Family Cat 1 Carcharhinus albimarginatus Silvertip shark Carcharhinidae Large 1 1 1 1 1 5 2 Carcharhinus amblyrhychos Great reef shark Carcharhinidae Large 1 1 2 3 Carcharhinus falciformes Silky shark Carcharhinidae Large 1 1 1 3 4 Carcharhinus longimanus Oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinidae Large 1 1 1 1 116 5 Carcharhinus obscurus Dusky shark Carcharhinidae Large 1 1 2 6 Carcharinus plumbeus Sandbar shark Carcharhinidae Large 1 1 2 7 Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger shark Carcharhinidae Large 1 1 2 8 Prionace glauca Blue shark Carcharhinidae Large 11111117 9 Isurus oxyrinchus Shortfin mako Lamnidae Large 11111117 10 Carcharodon carcharias White shark Lamnidae Large 1 1 2 11 Sphyrna lewini Scalloped Sphyrnidae Large 1 1 2 12 Istiophorus platypterus Indo-Pacific sailfish Istiophoridae Large 1 111111119 13 Makaira indica Black marlin Istiophoridae Large 1 111111 7 14 Makaira mazara Indo-Pacific blue marlin Istiophoridae Large 1 1 1111 6 15 Tetrapturus audax Striped marlin Istiophoridae Large 1 111111 7 16 Xiphias gladius Swordfish Xiphiidae Large 1 111111 1 8 17 Thunnus alalunga Albacore Scombridae Large 1 11111 1 7 18 Thunnus albacares Yellowfin tuna Scombridae Large 1 111111119 19 Thunnus maccoyii Southern bluefin tuna Scombridae Large 1 1 1 3 20 Thunnus obesus Bigeye tuna Scombridae Large 1 1 1111111 9 21 Thunnus tonggol Longtail tuna Scombridae Large 1 1 22 Katsuwonis pelamis Skipjack tuna Scombridae Large 1 111111119 23 Gymnosarda unicolor Dogtooth tuna Scombridae Large 1 1 1 3 24 Brama brama Pomfret Bramidae Med 1 1 2 25 Carangoides chrysophrysLongnose trevally Carangidae Med 1 1 2 26 Carangoides fulvoguttatus Yellowspotted trevally Carangidae Med 1 1 2 27 Carangoides gymnostethus Bludger Carangidae Med 1 1 1 1 4 28 Carangoides malabaricus Malabar trevally Carangidae Med 1 1 29 Caranx heberi Blacktip trevally Carangidae Med 1 1 30 Caranx ignobilis Giant trevally Carangidae Med 1 1 1 3 31 Caranx melampygus Bluefin trevally Carangidae Med 11 32 Caranx sexfasciatus Bigeye trevally Carangidae Med 1 1 2 33 Alectis indicus Indian threadfish Carangidae Med 11 34 Scomboroides commersonianus Talang queenfish Carangidae Med 1 1 35 Elagatus bipinnulata Rainbow runner Carangidae Med 1 1 1 1 1 5 36 Lichia amia Garrick Carangidae Med 1 1 37 Seriola lalandi Yellowtail amberjack Carangidae Med 1 1 38 Seriola rivoliana Longfin yellowtail Carangidae Med 1 1 2 39 Decapturus macarellus Mackerel scad Carangidae Med 1 1 2 40 Gnathodon speciosus Golden trevally Carangidae Med 1 1 2 41 Coryphaena hippurus Dolphinfish, Dorado Coryphaenidae Med 1 111 111 7 42 Sphyraena barracuda Great baracuda Sphyraenidae Med 11 1115 43 Sphyraena forsteri Blackspot baracuda Sphyraenidae Med 1 1 44 Lepidocybium flavobrunneum Escolar Gempylidae Med 1 1 1 3 45 Ruvettus preciosus Oilfish Gempylidae Med 1 1 1 1 1 5 46 Pomatomus saltatrix Elf, shad Pomatomidae Med 1 1 2 47 Rachycentron canadum Cobia Rachycentridae Med 1 1 1 3 48 Alepisaurus ferox Lancetfish Alepisauridae Med 1 1 2 49 Atractoscion aequidens Geelbek croaker Sciaenidae Med 1 1
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 40 APPENDIX 1: Continued Info level 1234 South Africa Mozambique Tanzania Kenya Mauritius France Seychelles Comores Madagascar Score Presence / absence + catch Basic info (size / sex), effort Biological level (age, sex, maturity) - PSA (Feeding ecology, genetics, behaviour, migration No. Species name Common name Family Cat 50 Acanthocybium solandri Wahoo Scombridae Med 1 111 111 7 51 Auxis thazard Frigate tuna Scombridae Med 1 1114 52 Euthynnus affinis Eastern little tuna Scombridae Med 1 111 111 7 53 Sarda orientalis Striped bonito Scombridae Med 1 1114 54 Scomberomorus commerson King mackerel Scombridae Med 1 111 1117 55 Scomberomorus plurilineatus Queen mackerel Scombridae Med 1 11115 56 Scomber japonicus Chub mackerel Scombridae Small 1 1 114 57 Rastreliger kanagurta Indian mackerel Scombridae Small 1 1 1 1116 58 Decapterus macrosoma Slender scad Carangidae Small 1 1 11 1 5 59 Decapterus russelli Indian scad Carangidae Small 1 1 1 1116 60 Selar crumenopthalmus Bigeye scad Carangidae Small 1 1 11 1117 61 Trachurus delagoa African scad Carangidae Small 1 1 1 3 62 Megalaspis cordyla Torpedo scad Carangidae Small 1 1 2 63 Ablennes hians Barred needlefish Belonidae Small 1 1 64 Tylosurus acus melanotus Needlefish Belonidae Small 1 1 65 Hemiramphus far Spotted halfbeak Hemiramphidae Small 1 1 2 66 Hemiramphus archipelagos Halfbeak Hemiramphidae Small 1 1 67 Cypselurus naresii Flyingfish Exocoetidae Small 1 1 68 Etrumeus teres East coast Clupeidae Small 1 1 2 69 Etrumeus micropes Roundherring Clupeidae Small 1 1 70 Spratelloides delicatulus Delicate roundherring Clupeidae Small 1 1 2 71 Sardinops sagax Pilchard Clupeidae Small 1 1 72 Amblygaster sirm Spotted sardinella Clupeidae Small 1 1 1 3 73 Dussumieria acuta Rainbow sardine Clupeidae Small 1 1 1 3 74 Herklotsichthys puntatus Spotted herring Clupeidae Small 1 1 1 3 75 Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus Bluestripe herring Clupeidae Small 1 1 2 76 Sardinella albella White sardinella Clupeidae Small 1 1 2 77 Sardinella gibbosa Goldstripe sardinella Clupeidae Small 1 1 1 3 78 Sardinella longipes Sardinella Clupeidae Small 1 1 2 79 Hilsa kelee Kelee shad Clupeidae Small 1 1 2 80 Pellona ditchela Indian pellona Clupeidae Small 1 1 2 81 Stolephorus heterolobus Shorthead anchovy Engraulidae Small 1 1 1 3
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 41 APPENDIX 2 - Collated metadata available for Component 4, showing the main features of the datasets No Code Dataset name Agency Source of information Nature of data Gear typeTarget species OS Software Temp.cov Spatial ext. 1ZAF- SAfr Large pelagic fish MCM Fishing logbook/Carnet Effort/Effort Longline/Palangre Large pelagics/Grands Windows Access D011 catch and effort data de pêche Catch/Capture pélagiques XP Size composition/Structure de taille Biological data/Données biologiques 2ZAF- SAfr Small pelagic fish MCM Fishing logbook/Carnet Effort/Effort Seines Small pelagics/Petits Windows Sybase 1984/1/01 D012 catch and effort data de pêche Catch/Capture nets/Sennes pélagiques NT - current Size composition/Structure de taille Biological data/Données biologiques 3ZAF- SAfr Oceanographic data MCM Research ship/Navire Oceanographic Other/Autres Other/Autres Windows Sybase 1958/1/1 - D015 de recherche data/Données NT current océanographiques 4ZAF- SAfr ZAF tuna/swordfish MCM Fishing logbook/Carnet Effort and yield/Effort Longline/Palangre Large pelagics/Grands Windows Excel, 1997- 20-40oS; 0- D016 commercial longline de pêche et production pélagiques XP Access present 60oE catch and effort data 1997-present
5ZAF- SAfr Swordfish biological MCM Onboard Biological Longline/Palangre Large pelagics/Grands Windows Excel 1998- 20-40oS; 0- D017 data (1998-2005) observers/Observateurs data/Données pélagiques XP 2005 60oE embarqués biologiques 6ZAF- SAfr Observer database MCM Onboard Other/Autres Longline/Palangre Large pelagics/Grands Windows Access 1998- 20-40oS; 0- D018 for commercial tuna observers/Observateurs pélagiques XP present 60oE and swordfish embarqués longline fleet (1998- present) 7ZAF- SAfr Swordfish genetic MCM Onboard Biological Longline/Palangre Large pelagics/Grands Windows Excel 2004- 20-40oS; 0- D019 sample database observers/Observateurs data/Données pélagiques XP 2005 60oE 2004-2005) embarqués biologiques 8ZAF- SAfr ORI Tagging ORI Other/Autres Tagging/Marquage Lines and hooks/ Pelagic Windows MySQL 1985- D020 database Lignes et fishes/Poissons XP present hameçons pélagiques Large pelagics/Grands pélagiques 9TZA- Tan Industrial Fisheries Fish Onboard Effort and yield/Effort Surrounding Sllli/PtitLarge pelagics/Grands Windows Access 2001- D002 EEZ Div observers/Observateurs et production nets/Filets pélagiques XP 2007 embarqués tournants 10 TZA- Tan Export-Fisheries Fish Industrial fisheries: Catch/Capture Unknown or Other/Autres Windows Excel 1995- D003 Products Div Register/Pêche unspecified/Inconn XP 2007 industrielle: Registre us ou non spécifiés 11 TZA- Tan Tuna Catch -EEZ IOTC Research ship/Navire Biological Pole-line/Canne Large pelagics/Grands Windows IOTC 2000- S004 de recherche data/Données pélagiques XP Database 2007 biologiques 12 TZA- Tan Small Pelagics-Tuna IOTC Research ship/Navire Biological Surrounding Pelagic Windows RTTP 2005 S005 Bait de recherche data/Données nets/Filets fishes/Poissons XP Database biologiques tournants pélagiques 13 TZA- Tan Tuna Tagging -EEZ RTTP Research ship/Navire Biological Pole-line/Canne Large pelagics/Grands Windows RTTP 2005- S006 de recherche data/Données pélagiques XP Database 2006 biologiques 14 TZA- Tan Non-trawlable areas TAFIRI Artisanal fisheries: Biological Longlines, beach Other/Autres Windows Excel 2008 S011 fish stock sampling/Pêche data/Données seines, gillnet, XP assessment artisanale: biologiques handlines, traps échantillonnage 15 TZA- Tan Rapid assessment TAFIRI/ Artisanal fisheries: Catch/Capture Gillnets and Other/Autres Windows Excel 2007 S013 of by-catch from SEA sampling/Pêche entangling XP gillnets SENSE artisanale: nets/Filets échantillonnage maillants et filets emmélants 16 KEN- Ken Trophic ecology of U. Nairo Artisanal fisheries: Biological Seines Pelagic Windows Excel D008 pelagic fish species sampling/Pêche data/Données nets/Sennes fishes/Poissons XP (Sardinella and artisanale: biologiques pélagiques Atherinomorous) at échantillonnage Mtwapa creek 17 KEN- Ken Fish community U. Nairo Artisanal fisheries: D011 structure and sampling/Pêche distribution in the artisanale: sabaki river estuary échantillonnage 18 KEN- Ken The distribution and U. Nairo Artisanal fisheries: Biological Gillnets and Pelagic Windows Statistica, 2002/10/1 3° 35' - D013 biology of Mugilidae sampling/Pêche data/Données entangling fishes/Poissons XP SPSS, 5 - 3°40'S; 39° at Kilifi creek artisanale: biologiques nets/Filets pélagiques Primer 2004/9/15 50 - 39° 46 échantillonnage maillants et filets emmélants NO INFORMATION PROVIDED BY MOZAMBIQUE, MADAGASCAR, SEYCHELLES, MAURITIUS, COMORES, FRANCE
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 42
S39 Sardinops sagax Sardinops
S38 Etrumeus teres Etrumeus
S37 Rastreliger kanagurta Rastreliger
S36 Trachurus delagoa Trachurus
S35 Selar crumenopthalmus Selar
S34 Decapterus russelli russelli Decapterus
S33 Decapterus macrosoma Decapterus
S32 Scomber japonicus Scomber
S31 Scomberomorus plurilineatus Scomberomorus
S30 Scomberomorus commerson Scomberomorus
S29 Sarda orientalis Sarda
S28 Katsuwonis pelamis Katsuwonis
S27 Euthynnus affinis Euthynnus
S26 Acanthobycium solandri Acanthobycium
S25 Atractoscion aequidens Atractoscion
S24 Rachycentron canadum Rachycentron
S23 Pomatomus saltatrix Pomatomus
S22 Ruvettus preciosus Ruvettus
S21 flavobrunneum
Lepidocybium Lepidocybium
S20 Coryphaena hippurus Coryphaena
S19 Seriola lalandi Seriola
S18 Lichia amia Lichia
S17 Elagatus bipinnulata Elagatus
S16 Carangoides gymnostethus Carangoides
S15 Brama brama Brama
S14 Xiphias gladius Xiphias
S13 Thunnus obesus Thunnus
S12 Thunnus maccoyii Thunnus
S11 Thunnus albacares Thunnus
S10 Thunnus alalunga Thunnus
S9 Isurus oxyrinchus Isurus
S8 Tetrapturus audax Tetrapturus
S7 Makaira nigricans Makaira
S6 Makaira indica Makaira
LARGE PELAGICSLARGE MEDIUM PELAGICS PELAGICS SMALL
S5 Istiophorus platypterus Istiophorus
S4 Prionace glauca Prionace
S3 Carcharhinus obscurus Carcharhinus
S2 Carcharhinus longimanus Carcharhinus
S1 Carcharhinus albimarginatus Carcharhinus NNYYYYYYYYYNNYNYYYYYNNYYYYYYYYYYNNNNNNN NNYNNNNNNNNNNNNNNYYNNNYNYNNNNYYYNNNNNNY NNNNNNNNNYYYYYNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNY NY – – No data, no species-specific or study, no management strategy Data exists, has been captured and verified, a species-specific has study been done, and there is a management strategy ? Data verified and captured on electronic databases?Relevant databases captured onto SWIOFP Excel metadatabase?Relevant reports / publications listed on the SWIOFP WEBLIS database? N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y N N Y N N Y N N Y N N N N N N Y N N Y N N N Y a s S APPENDIX 3 APPENDIX - National gap-analysis for Component 4 - SOUTH AFRICA 1. SWIOFP data component SWIOFP data & of - Capture 1. verification data relevant a) Databa b) Biology, life history, size points size NNNNNNNNNYNNNNNNNYYNNNYNYNNNNYYNNNNNNNY Reference & history, life NNYYYYYYNYYNYYNNNYYNNNYNYNNNNYYYNNNNNNY e) assessments Genetic samples Biology, done studies in South Africa Species-specific 3. a) General descriptiveb) c) Population dynamics, trends in catch, CPUE Stock d) Age and growthe) Migrations f) g) Genetic stock structure4. Species-specific management east coast) (SA, a) A management strategy exists for the species in SA?b) Management strategy supported recent qualitative/ by quantitative old) analyses (<5y N N Y N Y N N Y N N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y Y Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N N N Y N Y Y N N N Y N Y N N N Y N Y N N N Y N Y N N N Y N Y N N N Y N Y Y N Y Y N Y Y N N Y N Y N Y N Y N N Y Y N Y N N Y N N Y N Y Y Y N Y N N Y N N Y N Y Y N N Y N N N N Y Y N N N N Y Y Y N N N Y Y Y N N N Y N Y Y N N Y N Y Y N N Y N Y Y N N Y Y Y N N N Y N Y N N N Y Y Y N N N Y N Y N N N Y N Y N N N Y N Y N N N Y N N Y Y N Y Y N N Y Y Y N N Y Y Y N N Y Y N N N Y Y N N Y N N Y N N Y N N N N Y N b) CPUE (or catch & effort information) NYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYNNNNNNY weight) effort & or (nrs catch (or b) Metadat NYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYNNNNNNY c) WEBLI Catches CPUE databases available on as ZAF category and species by Existing data 2. a) b) c) composition Size / sex ratio / reproductive datad) Tagging data N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N N N Y c) The present management considers strategy regional stocks also (through IOTC)? N N N N N N N N N Y Y Y Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 43
S37 Stolephorus heterolobus Stolephorus
S36 Hilsa kelee Hilsa
S35 Sardinella gibbosa Sardinella
S34 Sardinella albella Sardinella
S33 Herklotsichthys puntatus Herklotsichthys
S32 Dussumieria acuta Dussumieria
S31 Amblygaster sirm Amblygaster
S30 Trachurus delagoa Trachurus
S29 Selar crumenopthalmus Selar
S28 Decapterus russelli Decapterus
S27 Decapterus macrosoma Decapterus
S26 Rastreriger kanarguta Rastreriger
S25 Scomberomorus plurilineatus Scomberomorus
S24 Scomberomorus commerson Scomberomorus
S23 Scomber japonicus Scomber
S22 Sarda orientalis Sarda
S21 Katsuwonus pelamis Katsuwonus
S20 Euthynnus affinis Euthynnus
S19 Acanthocybium solandri Acanthocybium
S18 Rachycentron canadum Rachycentron
MEDIUM PELAGICS PELAGICS SMALL
S17 Pomatomus saltatrix Pomatomus
S16 Coryphaena hippurus Coryphaena
S15 Elagatus bipinnulata Elagatus
S14 Carangoides gymnostethus Carangoides
S13 Xiphias gladius Xiphias
S12 Thunnus obesus Thunnus
S11 Thunnus albacares Thunnus
S10 Thunnus alalunga Thunnus
S9 Tetrapturus audax Tetrapturus
S8 Makaira mazara Makaira
S7 Makaira indica Makaira
S6 Istiophorus platypterus Istiophorus
S5
LARGE PELAGICS LARGE oxyrinchus Isurus
S4
Prionace glauca Prionace
S3
Carcharhinus obscurus Carcharhinus
S2
Carcharhinus longimanus Carcharhinus
S1 Carcharhinus albimarginatus Carcharhinus NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNYYNNNYYYNNNNNYYNN NYYYNNYYYYYYNNNNNNNNYYNNNYYYNNNNNYYNN NNYYNNNNNYYYNNNNNNNNYNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNYYNNNNNNYYYN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNYNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NY – – No data, no species-specific or study, no management strategy Data exists, has been captured and verified, a species-specific has study been done, and there is a management strategy ? r APPENDIX 3 - NationalAPPENDIX for Gap-analysis Component 4 for Tanzania b) CPUE (or catch & effort information) points size effort NYYYNNYYYYYYNNNNNNNNYYNNNYYYNNNNNYYNN & Reference catch & history, NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNYNNNNNNNNNNN (or life CPUE 2. Existing data species by and category as available in National databases a) Catches (nrs or weight) b) c) composition Size / sex ratio / reproductive datad) Tagging data NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNYYNNNYNNYYNNe) Genetic samples assessments Biology, studies done in Your country Species-specific 3. a) General descriptive b) c) Population dynamics, trends in catch, CPUE Stock d) Age and growth e) Migrations f) g) Genetic stock structure 4. Species-specific management (national/ regional) a) A national management exists strategy for the species?b) Management recent supported strategy qualitative/ by quantitative (within analyses the past 5 y c) The present management considers strategy regional stocks also (through IOTC)? N Y Y N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y N N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y N N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y Y N N Y Y N N Y Y N N Y N N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y Y N N Y N N Y Y N N Y Y N N N Y N N N Y N N Y N N Y N N Y N Y N Y N N Y Y Y Y Y 1. SWIOFP data & component SWIOFP - Capture data of relevant 1. verification a) Database Supportb) Metadatabase Data verified and captured on electronic databases?c) WEBLIS Relevant databases captured onto SWIOFP Excel metadatabase? Y Relevant reports / publications listed on the SWIOFP WEBLIS database Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y N Y N Y N Y N Y Y Y Y N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N Y N Y N N Y N Y N N Y N Y N Y Y N Y N Y N N N N N Y Y Y Y Y N Y N Y N Y
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 44
26 Selar crumenophthalmus Selar
25 Etrumeus teres Etrumeus
24 Sardinella gibbosa Sardinella
23 Pellona ditchela Pellona
22 Decapterus macarellus Decapterus
21 Carangoides malabaricus Carangoides
21 Rastrelliger kanagurta Rastrelliger
19 Auxis thazard thazard thazard Auxis
18 Coryphaena hippurus Coryphaena
barracuda Sphyraena 17
16 Acanthocybium solandri Acanthocybium
15 S. plurilineatus S.
14 S. commerson S.
13 Euthynnus affinis Euthynnus
12 Carcharhinus amblyrhychos Carcharhinus
cuvier Galeocerdo 11
carcharias Carcharodon 10
9 Xiphias gladius Xiphias
NNNNYNNNNNNNNNNNNN
8 Istiophorus platypterus Istiophorus
7 Makaira indica Makaira
6 Tetrapturus audax Tetrapturus
LARGE MEDIUM SMALL
5 Katsuwonus pelamis Katsuwonus
4 Gymnosarda unicolor Gymnosarda
3 Thunnus albacares Thunnus
2 Thunnus obesus Thunnus
1 Thunnus alalunga Thunnus NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Y?Y?Y?Y?Y?NNNNNNNY?NNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN YYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY ? NYY? No data, no species-specific or no study, management strategy Data exists, has been captured and verified, a species-specific has been donestudy Data may be existing, captured but may not be verified Appendix 3 - National gap-analysis forComponent 4 - KENYA - National 3 gap-analysis Appendix f) Stock assessments & Reference points Reference & NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN assessments Stock f) g) Genetic stock structure 4. Species-specific management (national/ regional) a) A national management exists strategy for the species? b) The management is supported strategy recent quantitative analyses? qualitative/ by c) The present management considers strategy regional stocks also (through IOTC)? c) Size composition / sex ratio / reproductive data reproductive / NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN information) ratio sex / effort size & catch NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN history, (or composition 2. Existing data species by and category as available in National databases life CPUE a) Catches (nrs or weight) Size b) c) d) Tagging data e) Genetic samples country Your in done studies Species-specific 3. Biology, a) General descriptive b) c) Population dynamics, trends in catch, CPUE d) Age and growth NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN e) Migrations 1. SWIOFP data component - Capture & verification of relevant data of relevant & verification - Capture component data SWIOFP 1. a) Database Supportb) Metadatabase Data verified and captured on electronic databases? c) WEBLIS databases Relevant captured onto SWIOFP Excel metadatabase? reports Relevant / publications listed on the SWIOFP WEBLIS database
SWIOFP Component 4 Working Document – August 2009 45
S12 Decapterus species Decapterus
N
S11 Katsuwonis pelamis Katsuwonis
MS
Y
S10 Xiphias gladius Xiphias
Y
S9 Thunnus obesus Thunnus
Y
S8 Thunnus maccoyii Thunnus
Y
S7 Thunnus albacares Thunnus
Y
S6 Thunnus alalunga Thunnus
Y
S5 Tetrapturus audax Tetrapturus
Y
S4 Makaira nigricans Makaira
Y
LARGE PELAGICS LARGE S3 Makaira indica Makaira
Y
S2 Istiophorus platypterus Istiophorus
S1 Shark species Shark NNNNNN NN NNNN YYYYYY YNYYYN NNNNNN NN NNNN NNNNNN NN NNNN NNNNNY YN YYYN NNNNNN NN NNYN NNNNNN NN NNYN NNNNNN YN YNYN NNNNNN NN NNNN s onto SWIOFPonto metadatabase? Excel N N N N N N N N N N N N sis for Component 4 - MAURITIUS 4 - sis for Component y ap-anal g APPENDIX 3 - National APPENDIX c) The present management strategy considers regional stocks (through IOTC)? considersc) regional The management also present strategy N N c) WEBLIS on as available and MUS category species Existing data databases by 2. a) Catches (nrsor weight) (or effortb) CPUE catch & information) data / reproductive / sex ratio composition c) Size SWIOFP the on listed WEBLIS reports / publications Relevant database?d) Tagging data samplese) Genetic N studies Species-specific done3. in Mauritius N descriptive a) General N size history, life b) Biology, N catch, CPUE in trends dynamics, c) Population N growth and d) Age e) Migrations Nf) Stock assessments Reference points & N stockg) Genetic structure N management Species-specific 4. (Mauritius) Nexists Mauritius? management forin a) A the species strategy N 5 yr the past (within analyses quantitative qualitative/ recent by b) The supported is management strategy N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y N N Y Y N N N Y Y N N Y Y N Y N Y Y N Y Y Y N N N Y N Y Y N Y Y Y N Y N N Y N N N N N 1. SWIOFP data component - Capture & verification of relevant data of relevant verification & - Capture component data SWIOFP 1. Supporta) Database b) Metadatabase databases?on electronic captured and verified Data captured databases Relevant N N N N N N N N N N N N
46
Herklotsichthys punctatus Herklotsichthys
quadrimaculat.
Herklotsichthys
Selar crumenopthalmus Selar
Rastreriger kanarguta Rastreriger
Decapterus russelli Decapterus
Decapterus macrosoma Decapterus
Amblygaster sirm Amblygaster
Decapterus macarellus Decapterus
Sphyraena barracuda Sphyraena
Seriola rivoliana Seriola
Scomberomorus commerson Scomberomorus Scomber japonicus Scomber
GGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGG NNNNNNNNNNNN Katsuwonus pelamis Katsuwonus
Y Y Y Euthynnus affinis Euthynnus
Y Y Y
Elagatus bipinnulata Elagatus
Coryphaena hippurus Coryphaena
Acanthocybium solandri Acanthocybium
Caranx melampygus Caranx
Gnathanodon speciosus Gnathanodon
Alectis indicus Alectis
Carangoides fulvoguttatus Carangoides
Carangoides chrysophrys Carangoides
Caranx sexfasciatus Caranx
Caranx ignobilis Caranx
Carangoides gymnostethus Carangoides Sarda orientalis Sarda
GGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGG NNNNNNNNNNNN Thunnus obesus Thunnus
Y Y Y Thunnus albacares Thunnus
Y Y Y Gymnosarda unicolor Gymnosarda
N N Tetrapturus audax Tetrapturus
Y Y Makaira nigricans Makaira
Y Y Makaira indica Makaira
Y Y Istiophorus platypterus Istiophorus
Y Y GGGGG Xiphias gladius Xiphias
Y Y Y
LARGE PELAGICSLARGE lewini Sphyrna PELAGICS MEDIUM PELAGICS SMALL
Isurus oxyrinchus Isurus
Carcharhinus Falciformes Falciformes Carcharhinus
Prionace glauca Prionace Carcharhinus longimanus Carcharhinus NY –G – management or no species-specific data, no strategy No study, – is a managementand there done, strategy been has a species-specific verified, exists, captured study and has Data been species specific not necessarily but Some available data NNNNNNNNNNGNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNGGGGGNGGNNNNNNNNNNNNGGNNNNNNNNNNNN S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16 S17 S18 S19 S20 S21 S22 S23 S24 S25 S26 S27 S28 S29 S30NNNNN S31 S32 S33 S34 S35 S36 S37 S38 S39 ? APPENDIX 3 - National gap-analysis for Component 4 - SEYCHELLES 4 Component for gap-analysis - National 3 APPENDIX b) CPUE (or catch & effort information) points size GGGGGYYYYYGYYGGGGGGGGGGGGYYGGGGGGGGGGGGweight) effort & or (nrs Reference NNNNNGGGGGNGGNNNNNNNNNNNNGGNNNNNNNNNNNN catch & history, (or b) Metadatabaselife c) WEBLIS Catches SWIOFP captured onto databases Relevant Excel metadatabase CPUE in National as available databases category and species data2. Existing by GGGGGYYYYYGYYGGGGGGGGGGGGYYGGGGGGGGGGGG a) b) NNNNNYNNNNNYYNNNNNNNNNNNNYYNNNNNNNNNNNN SWIOFP on listed publications reports / Relevant WEBLIS? composition data / sex / reproductive c) ratio Size data d) Tagging e) Genetic samples assessments N N Biology, country Your in done studies Species-specific 3. Ndescriptivea) General Nb) Ncatch, CPUE trends in dynamics, c) Population Stock Ygrowth and d) Age e) Migrations Yf) Yg) Genetic stock structure Y Y management (national/4. Species-specific regional) N management exists forspecies? national strategy a) the A G 5 yrs)? (< analyses quantitative Y recent qualitative/ by supported b) Management strategy N Gc)stocks The present management considers regional IOTC)? (through strategy also Y N G N G N N N G N N N Y N N N G N N N N G N G N N G G N G N G N N G N G N N Y N G N N N Y Y Y N N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N Y N N N N N N Y N N N N N G N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y N Y N N N N N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N G N N N N N N N G G N G N N N N G G G N G N N N N G N G N G N N N N Y N G N G Y N N N Y N G N G Y G N N N N G N N Y N N N N N G G N N N N N G N G N N N N N G N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y N N N N N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N G N N N N N N G N N N N N N N N N Y N N N N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N G N N N G N G N G N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 1. SWIOFP data1. SWIOFP component& verification - Capture relevant of data a) Database Supporta) Database databases? captured on electronic and verified Data N N N N N
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Alepisaurus ferox Alepisaurus S26
Sarda orientalis Sarda S25
Euthynnus affinis Euthynnus S24
Acanthobycium solandri Acanthobycium S23
Ruvettus preciosus Ruvettus S22
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum Lepidocybium S21
Coryphaena hippurus Coryphaena S20
Seriola lalandi Seriola S19
Lichia amia Lichia S18
Elagatus bipinnulata Elagatus S17
Carangoides gymnostethus Carangoides S16
NNNNYNNNNNN NNNNYNNNNNN NNNNYNNNNNN NNNNYNNNNNY NNNNYNNNNNN NNNNYNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNN
Brama brama Brama S15
Katsuwonis pelamis Katsuwonis S14
Xiphias gladius Xiphias S13
Thunnus obesus Thunnus S12
Thunnus albacares Thunnus S11
YYYNN YYYNYNYNNYYYYNNN YYYNN YYYNN YYYNN YYYNN YYYNN YYYNYNYNYYYYYNNY YYYNN YYYNN
Thunnus alalunga Thunnus S10
Isurus oxyrinchus Isurus S9
Tetrapturus audax Tetrapturus S8
Makaira nigricans Makaira S7
Makaira indica Makaira S6
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Istiophorus platypterus Istiophorus S5
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Prionace glauca Prionace S4
Y Y
Carcharhinus falciformis Carcharhinus S3
N N
Carcharhinus longimanus Carcharhinus S2
Y Y
Carcharhinus albimarginatus Carcharhinus S1 122434567889101122121314151617181920212325 Y Y NNYNNNNNNNYYNNNNNNNYNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNY NNNNNNNNNY NNNNNNNNNY NNNNNNNNNY NNNNNNNNNY aavrfe n atrdo lcrncdtbss NNYNNNNNNY databases? electronic on captured and verified Data SWIOFP onto captured databases Relevant Excel metadatabase? SWIOFP on the listed publications reports / WEBLISRelevant database? a s S APPENDIX APPENDIX 3 - National forgap-analysis Component 4 - Reunion (FRANCE) c) The present management strategy considers regional stocks also (through IOTC)? (through also stocks regional considers strategy management present The c) c) Size composition / sex ratio / reproductive data NNNNNNNNNY reproductive / information) ratio points NYNYYYYYYYYYYNYNYNNYYYYNNN sex size / effort weight)& or NNNNNNNNNY Reference (nrs catch & history, samples (or composition descriptive life structurec) WEBLI NGGGGGGGGY Catches CPUE databases National in as available and category species data by Existing 2. NNNNNNNNNY Size a) b) Genetic c) stock data d) Tagging assessments e) General Biology, country in Your done studies Species-specific 3. YYYYYYYYYYYYYNN a) b) NNNNNNNNNNNNYNNNNNNNNNNNNN catch, in CPUE trends dynamics, c) Population Stock growth and d) Age NNNNNNNNNNNNYNNNNNNNNNNNNN Genetic e) Migrations f) g) regional) (national/ management Species-specific 4. exists for species? management the strategy a) A national yrs)? (< 5 analyses quantitative qualitative/ recent by isupported strategy b) Management Y Y N Y N b) Metadat 1. SWIOFP data component - Capture & verification of relevant data of relevant verification & - Capture component SWIOFP data 1. a) Databa NYG management or no strategy species-specific no study, data, No is a management there and strategy done, has been species-specific a study verified, and captured been has exists, Data specific the at level exists Data not but
48
stolephorus heterolobus stolephorus S37
Selar crumenophthalmus Selar S36
Rastralliger kanagurta Rastralliger S35
Decapterus russelli russelli Decapterus S34
Sardinella sirm Sardinella S33
Hemiramphus far Hemiramphus S32
Cypselurus naresil Cypselurus S31
hemiramphus archipelagos hemiramphus S30
ablennes hians ablennes S29
tylosurus acus melanotus acus tylosurus S28
spatellodes delicatulus spatellodes S27
amblygaster sirm amblygaster S26
Acanthocybium solandri Acanthocybium S23
Scomberomorus commerson Scomberomorus S22
Katsuwonis pelamis Katsuwonis S21
Euthynnus affinis Euthynnus S20
Sphyraena frostri Sphyraena S19
Coryphaena hippurus Coryphaena S18
Elagatus bipinnulata Elagatus S17
Sphyraena flostri Sphyraena S16
Sphyraena barracda Sphyraena S15
Makaira mazara Makaira S14
Thunnus obesus Thunnus S13
Euthynnus affinis Euthynnus S12
Thunnus albacares Thunnus S11
Gymnosarda unicolor Gymnosarda S10
Isurus oxyrinchus Isurus S9
Auxis thazard Auxis S8
Isurus paucus Isurus S7
Carcharinus plumbus Carcharinus S6
LARGE PELAGICSLARGE PELAGICS MEDIUM PELAGICS SMALL
Istiophorus platypterus Istiophorus S5
Prionace glauca Prionace S4
carcharinus amblyhynchos carcharinus S3
Carcharhinus longimanus Carcharhinus S2
Carcharhinus albimarginatus Carcharhinus S1 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NY – – No data, no species-specific or no management study, strategy Data exists, has been captured and verified, a species-specific has been done, and there is study a management strategy Data verified and captured on electronic databases? Relevant databases captured onto SWIOFP Excel metadatabase? Relevant reports / publications on the listed SWIOFP WEBLIS? a s S APPENDIX 3- National gap-analysis for Component 4 - COMORES Component for 3- National gap-analysis APPENDIX 1. SWIOFP data component - Capture & verification of relevant data a) Databa b) CPUE (or catch & effort information) points NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN size weight) effort & or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN (nrs Reference catch & history, (or life b) Metadat NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN WEBLIc) Catches CPUE 2. Existing species data as and category by available in National databases NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN a) b) compositionc) Size / sex ratio / reproductive data d) Tagging data assessments e) Genetic samples Biology, 3. Species-specific studies done in Your country a) General descriptive b) c) dynamics, Population trends in catch, CPUE Stock d) Age and growth e) Migrations f) g) Genetic stock structure 4. Species-specific management (national/ regional) managementa) A national exists strategy for the species? (< 5 yrs)? analyses b) Management quantitative recent qualitative/ supported by strategy c) The present management considers strategy regional stocks (through also IOTC)?
49
Scomberomorus plurilineatus Scomberomorus 20
Scomberomorus commerson Scomberomorus 19
Katsuwonis pelamis Katsuwonis 18
Euthynnus affinis Euthynnus 17
Auxis thazzard Auxis 16
Acanthobycium solandri Acanthobycium 15
Rachycentron canadum Rachycentron 14
Coryphaena hippurus Coryphaena 13
NNNNNYYY NNNNNNYN YYYYYNYY YYYYYYYY NNNNN NN
C. heberi C. 12
Scomberoides commersonianus Scomberoides 11
Caranx ignobilis Caranx 10
Xiphias gladius Xiphias 9
Thunnus tongol Thunnus 8
Thunnus obesus Thunnus 7
Thunnus maccoyii Thunnus 6
Thunnus albacares Thunnus 5
Thunnus alalunga Thunnus 4
Tetrapturus audax Tetrapturus 3
Makaira indica Makaira 2
Istiophorus platypterus Istiophorus 1 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNYY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY YYYYYYYYYNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNYY NNNNNNNNNNYY d egory as available on ZAF databases as available on ZAF egory ure & verification of & verification data ure relevant Data verified and captured on electronic databases? Relevant databases captured onto SWIOFP Excel metadatabase? Relevant reports / publications listed on the SWIOFP WEBLIS database? a s S APPENDIX 3 - National ap-analysis for Component 4 - MOZAMBIQUE for Component ap-analysis 3 - National APPENDIX a) Databa 1. SWIOFP data component1. SWIOFP - Capt b) CPUE (or catch & effort information) points YYYYYYYNYNNN weight) size effort & or (nrs Reference NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN catch & history, (or life b) Metadat YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY c) WEBLI Catches CPUE species and cat 2. Existing data by a) NNNNYNNNNNNNNNNNNNYN b) compositionc) Size / sex ratio / reproductive data d) Tagging data assessments e) Genetic samples Biology, studies done in3. Species-specific Africa South a) General descriptive b) dynamics,c) trends Population catch, in CPUE Stock d) Age and growth e) Migrations f) g) Genetic stock structure east coast) 4. Species-specific management (SA, a) A management exists strategy for the speciesin SA? ol (<5y b) The analyses management quantitative recent qualitative/ is supported by strategy c) The present management considers stocks strategy regional also (through IOTC)? N N N
50