DOCSLIB.ORG

Transformation Optics Using Graphene: One- Atom-Thick Optical Devices Based on Graphene Ashkan Vakil University of Pennsylvania, [email protected]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Transformation Optics Using Graphene: One- Atom-Thick Optical Devices Based on Graphene Ashkan Vakil University of Pennsylvania, Ashkan@Seas.Upenn.Edu University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 1-1-2012 Transformation Optics Using Graphene: One- Atom-Thick Optical Devices Based on Graphene Ashkan Vakil University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Electrical and Electronics Commons, Electromagnetics and Photonics Commons, and the Physics Commons Recommended Citation Vakil, Ashkan, "Transformation Optics Using Graphene: One-Atom-Thick Optical Devices Based on Graphene" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 715. http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/715 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/715 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Transformation Optics Using Graphene: One-Atom-Thick Optical Devices Based on Graphene Abstract Metamaterials and transformation optics have received considerable attention in the recent years, as they have found an immense role in many areas of optical science and engineering by offering schemes to control electromagnetic fields. Another area of science that has been under the spotlight for the last few years relates to exploration of graphene, which is formed of carbon atoms densely packed into a honey-comb lattice. This material exhibits unconventional electronic and optical properties, intriguing many research groups across the world including us. But our interest is mostly in studying interaction of electromagnetic waves with graphene and applications that might follow. Our group as well as few others pioneered investigating prospect of graphene for plasmonic devices and in particular plasmonic metamaterial structures and transformation optical devices. In this thesis, relying on theoretical models and numerical simulations, we show that by designing and manipulating spatially inhomogeneous, nonuniform conductivity patterns across a flake of graphene, one can have this material as a one-atom-thick platform for infrared metamaterials and transformation optical devices. Varying the graphene chemical potential by using static electric field allows for tuning the graphene conductivity in the terahertz and infrared frequencies. Such design flexibility can be exploited to create "patches" with differing conductivities within a single flake of graphene. Numerous photonic functions and metamaterial concepts are expected to follow from such platform. This work presents several numerical examples demonstrating these functions. Our findings show that it is possible to design one-atom-thick variant of several optical elements analogous to those in classic optics. Here we theoretically study one-atom-thick metamaterials, one-atom-thick waveguide elements, cavities, mirrors, lenses, Fourier optics and finally a few case studies illustrating transformation optics on a single sheet of graphene in mid-infrared wavelengths. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Electrical & Systems Engineering First Advisor Nader Engheta This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/715 Keywords Graphene, Metamaterials, Photonics, Plasmonics, Transformation Optics Subject Categories Electrical and Electronics | Electromagnetics and Photonics | Physics This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/715 TRANSFORMATION OPTICS USING GRAPHENE: ONE-ATOM-THICK OPTICAL DEVICES BASED ON GRAPHENE Ashkan Vakil A DISSERTATION in Electrical and Systems Engineering Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2012 Supervisor of Dissertation Nader Engheta H. Nedwill Ramsey Professor of Electrical and Systems Engineering Graduate Group Chairperson Saswati Sarkar Professor of Electrical and Systems Engineering Dissertation Committee: Dwight L. Jaggard, Professor of Electrical and Systems Engineering Cherie R. Kagan, Professor of Electrical and Systems Engineering Alan T. Charlie Johnson, Jr., Professor of Physics and Astronomy To my family and Samira, for their unconditional love and support. ii Acknowledgments This thesis could not have been written without the support of my advisor and mentor, Professor Nader Engheta; I am truly indebted to him for his meticulous comments and his encouragements while I was writing this thesis. Professor Engheta taught me how to think independently and most importantly how to think “outside the box”. Not only a great mentor, he has been a true friend throughout these years. His kindness will forever be of immense value to me. I want to express my sincere gratitude to my committee members, Professors Dwight Jaggard, A. T. Charlie Johnson, and Cherie Kagan for their critical comments on my work and for their suggestions to improve quality of my research. I am grateful to my friends and colleagues at Penn, who helped me in scientific as- pects or otherwise during these years. Special thanks to Brian Edwards, Uday Chettiar and Marjan Saboktakin. In addition, I would like to thank Professors Andrea Al´uand M´ario Silveirinha, who helped me a great deal with scientific research, and also my previous colleagues, Dr. Alessia Polemi and Dr. Olli Luukkonen for making the work environment fun and pro- ductive. A special to thanks my friends, Pouya, Arash, Sina, Rouzbeh, Matteo and Chiara. With- iii out them, my years in Philadelphia would not have been as pleasant. And of course, my most deepest thanks to my parents, Farnaz and Farzin, for their everlasting love, and to my brother, Sam, who provided me with his unconditional support. I would not have made it this far without them... Last but not least, I truly and deeply thank my girlfriend, Samira, for her love and endless patience, and for being by my side, even when I was irritable and frustrated... iv ABSTRACT TRANSFORMATION OPTICS USING GRAPHENE: ONE-ATOM-THICK OPTICAL DEVICES BASED ON GRAPHENE Ashkan Vakil Nader Engheta Metamaterials and transformation optics have received considerable attention in the recent years, as they have found an immense role in many areas of optical science and engineering by offering schemes to control electromagnetic fields. Another area of science that has been under the spotlight for the last few years relates to exploration of graphene, which is formed of carbon atoms densely packed into a honey-comb lattice. This material exhibits unconventional electronic and optical properties, intriguing many research groups across the world including us. But our interest is mostly in studying interaction of electromagnetic waves with graphene and applications that might follow. Our group as well as few others pioneered investigating prospect of graphene for plas- monic devices and in particular plasmonic metamaterial structures and transformation op- tical devices. In this thesis, relying on theoretical models and numerical simulations, we show that by designing and manipulating spatially inhomogeneous, nonuniform conductiv- ity patterns across a flake of graphene, one can have this material as a one-atom-thick plat- form for infrared metamaterials and transformation optical devices. Varying the graphene chemical potential by using static electric field allows for tuning the graphene conductivity in the terahertz and infrared frequencies. Such design flexibility can be exploited to create v “patches” with differing conductivities within a single flake of graphene. Numerous pho- tonic functions and metamaterial concepts are expected to follow from such platform. This work presents several numerical examples demonstrating these functions. Our findings show that it is possible to design one-atom-thick variant of several optical elements analogous to those in classic optics. Here we theoretically study one-atom-thick metamaterials, one-atom-thick waveguide elements, cavities, mirrors, lenses, Fourier op- tics and finally a few case studies illustrating transformation optics on a single sheet of graphene in mid-infrared wavelengths. vi Contents Contents vii List of Figures x 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Metamaterialsandtransformationoptics . ....... 1 1.1.1 Metamaterials............................. 1 1.1.2 Metamaterialsandtransformationoptics . ..... 5 1.2 Integration of electronics and photonics: plasmonics asabridge ...... 7 1.3 LiteratureReview ............................... 11 2 Theoretical Background 15 2.1 Complexconductivitymodelforgraphene . ..... 15 2.1.1 Analyticexpressionforcomplexconductivity . ...... 15 2.1.2 Numericalresultsforopticalconductivity . ...... 18 2.2 Surface Plasmon-Polariton Surface Waves on Graphene . ......... 24 2.2.1 Acomparisonbetweengrapheneandsilver . .. 31 2.2.2 Foundationsfordesignofmetamaterials . .... 37 vii 2.2.3 DydicGreen’sfunctionsforgraphene . .. 39 2.2.4 Fresnel reflection for SPP surface waves . ... 47 2.2.5 Scattering from subwavelength graphene patches . ...... 57 2.2.6 CouplingbetweenanemitterandgrapheneSPPs . ... 62 2.2.7 ExcitationofSPPs . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 64 3 Graphene Metamaterials & Transformation Optics 70 3.1 One-atom-thickwaveguideelements . .... 73 3.1.1 One-atom-thickwaveguide . 73 3.1.2 One-atom-thickwaveguideusingedgemodes . ... 77 3.1.3 One-atom-thick splitter/combiner .................. 78 3.1.4 One-atom-thickopticalfiber . 79 3.2 One-atom-thickcavities. .. 82 3.2.1 Designofone-atom-thickcavities . .. 84 3.2.2 Analysisofone-atom-thickcavities . ... 90 3.3 One-atom-thickreflectors . .. 95 3.3.1
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sept. 30 Issue Final
    UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA Tuesday September 30, 2003 Volume 50 Number 6 www.upenn.edu/almanac Two Endowed Chairs in Political Science Dr. Ian S. Lustick, professor of political director of the Solomon Asch Center for Study ternational Organization, and Journal of Inter- science, has been appointed to the Bess Hey- of Ethnopolitical Conflict. national Law and Politics. The author of five man Professorship. After earning his B.A. at A specialist in areas of comparative politics, books and monographs, he received the Amer- Brandeis University, Dr. Lustick completed international politics, organization theory, and ican Political Science Associationʼs J. David both his M.A. and Ph.D. at the University of Middle Eastern politics, Dr. Lustick is respon- Greenstone Award for the Best Book in Politics California, Berkeley. sible for developing the computational model- and History in 1995 for his Unsettled States, Dr. Lustick came to ing platform known as PS-I. This software pro- Disputed Lands: Britain and Ireland, France Penn in 1991 following gram, which he created in collaboration with and Algeria, Israel and the West Bank-Gaza. In 15 years on the Dart- Dr. Vladimir Dergachev, GEngʼ99, Grʼ00, al- addition to serving as a member of the Council mouth faculty. From lows social scientists to simulate political phe- on Foreign Relations, Dr. Lustick is the former 1997 to 2000, he served nomena in an effort to apply agent-based model- president of the Politics and History Section of as chair of the depart- ing to public policy problems. His current work the American Political Science Association and ment of political sci- includes research on rights of return in Zionism of the Association for Israel Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Nader Engheta Is the H. Nedwill Ramsey Professor At
    Nader Engheta is the H. Nedwill Ramsey Professor at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, with affiliation in the Departments of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Bioengineering, Physics and Astronomy, and Materials Science and Engineering. He received the BS degree (with highest rank) in electrical engineering from the University of Tehran, Iran, the MS degree in electrical engineering and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering and physics from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, California. After spending one year as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Caltech and four years as a Senior Research Scientist at Kaman Sciences Corporation's Dikewood Division in Santa Monica, California, he joined the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania, where he rose through the ranks and is currently H. Nedwill Ramsey Professor. He was the graduate group chair of electrical engineering from July 1993 to June 1997. He has received numerous awards for his research including the 2017 William Streifer Scientific Achievement Award from the IEEE Photonics Society (to be presented October 2, 2017), the 2017 Photonics Media Industry Beacons Award, the 2015 Fellow of the US National Academy of Inventors (NAI), the 2015 Gold Medal from SPIE (the international society for optics and photonics), the 2015 National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellow (NSSEFF) Award (also known as Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellow Award) from US Department of Defense, the 2015 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Distinguished Achievement Award, the 2015 Wheatstone Lecture at the King’s College London, the 2014 Balthasar van der Pol Gold Medal from the International Union of Radio Science (URSI), the 2013 Inaugural SINA (“Spirit of Iranian Noted Achiever”) Award in Engineering, the 2013 Benjamin Franklin Key Award from the IEEE Philadelphia Section, the 2012 IEEE Electromagnetics Award, the 2008 George H.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional and Emerging Materials for Optical Metasurfaces
    Nanophotonics 2017; 6 (2):452–471 Review Article Open Access Alexander Y. Zhu, Arseniy I. Kuznetsov, Boris Luk’yanchuk, Nader Engheta, and Patrice Genevet* Traditional and emerging materials for optical metasurfaces DOI 10.1515/nanoph-2016-0032 sive understanding of the wave-matter interaction and our Received September 30, 2015; accepted January 27, 2016 ability to artificially manipulate it, particularly at small length scales. This has in turn been largely driven by the Abstract: One of the most promising and vibrant research discovery and engineering of materials at extreme limit. areas in nanotechnology has been the field of metasur- These “metamaterials” possess exotic properties that go faces. These are two dimensional representations of meta- beyond conventional or naturally occurring materials. En- atoms, or artificial interfaces designed to possess special- compassing many new research directions, the field of ized electromagnetic properties which do not occur in na- metamaterials is rapidly expanding, and therefore, writ- ture, for specific applications. In this article, we present a ing a complete review on this subject is a formidable task; brief review of metasurfaces from a materials perspective, here instead, we present a comprehensive review in which and examine how the choice of different materials impact we discuss the progress and the emerging materials for functionalities ranging from operating bandwidth to effi- metasurfaces, i.e. artificially designed ultrathin two di- ciencies. We place particular emphasis on emerging and mensional optical metamaterials with customizable func- non-traditional materials for metasurfaces such as high in- tionalities to produce designer outputs. dex dielectrics, topological insulators and digital metama- Metasurfaces are often considered as the two di- terials, and the potentially transformative role they could mensional versions of 3D metamaterials.
    [Show full text]
  • Cloaking a Sensor Andrea Alù University of Texas at Austin; University of Pennsylvania
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarlyCommons@Penn University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (ESE) Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering 6-8-2009 Cloaking a Sensor Andrea Alù University of Texas at Austin; University of Pennsylvania Nader Engheta University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.upenn.edu/ese_papers Part of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Andrea Alù and Nader Engheta, "Cloaking a Sensor", . June 2009. Suggested Citation: Alù, A. and Engheta, N. (2009). "Cloaking a Sensor." Physical Review Letters. 102, 233901. © 2009 The American Physical Society http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.233901 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/ese_papers/577 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cloaking a Sensor Abstract We propose the general concept of cloaking a sensor without affecting its capability to receive, measure, and observe an incoming signal. This may be obtained by using a plasmonic sensor, based on cloaking, made of materials available in nature at infrared and optical frequencies, or realizable as a metamaterial at lower frequencies. The er sult is a sensing system that may receive and transmit information, while its presence is not perceived by the surrounding, which may be of fundamental importance in a wide range of biological, optics, physics, and engineering applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancing the Resolution of Imaging Systems by Spatial Spectrum Manipulation
    Michigan Technological University Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports 2019 Enhancing the Resolution of Imaging Systems by Spatial Spectrum Manipulation Wyatt Adams Michigan Technological University, [email protected] Copyright 2019 Wyatt Adams Recommended Citation Adams, Wyatt, "Enhancing the Resolution of Imaging Systems by Spatial Spectrum Manipulation", Open Access Dissertation, Michigan Technological University, 2019. https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etdr/861 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr Part of the Electromagnetics and Photonics Commons ENHANCING THE RESOLUTION OF IMAGING SYSTEMS BY SPATIAL SPECTRUM MANIPULATION By Wyatt Adams A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Electrical Engineering MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2019 © 2019 Wyatt Adams This dissertation has been approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Electrical Engineering. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Durdu G¨uney Committee Member: Dr. Paul Bergstrom Committee Member: Dr. Christopher Middlebrook Committee Member: Dr. Miguel Levy Department Chair: Dr. Glen Archer Dedication To my parents for their love, guidance, and wisdom. Contents Preface ...................................... xi Acknowledgments ............................... xv Abstract ..................................... xvii 1 Introduction ................................
    [Show full text]
  • Technological Change 2013-2016 Change Technological Publication of the Committee for the Future 2/2016
    technological change 2013-2016 publication of the committee for the future 2/2016 technological change 2013-2016 Preliminary investigation of the development of radical technologies after the 2013 review 2/2016 isbn 978-951-53-3616-3 (paperback) • isbn 978-951-53-3617-0 (pdf) issn 2342-6594 (printed) • issn 2342-6608 (web) TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE 2013–2016 Preliminary investigation: Development of radical technologies after the review in 2013 (100 Opportunities For Finland And The World, Publication Of The Committee For The Future 11/2014) Risto Linturi publication of the committee for the future 2/2016 Cover: freeimageslive.com Back cover: Part of the Artwork Tulevaisuus, Väinö Aaltonen (1932), photo Vesa Lindqvist. Committee for the Future FI-00102 Parliament of Finland www.parliament.fi Helsinki 2016 ISBN 978-951-53-3616-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-951-53-3617-0 (PDF) ISSN 2342-6594 (printed) ISSN 2342-6608 (web) Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................... 5 1 Introduction, summary of observations and recommendations ................................ 8 1.1 A Hundred New Opportunities for Finland: Radical Technological Solutions ...... 8 1.2 Crowdsourcing after the publication of TuVRad9/2013 and acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Objectives of the preliminary investigation ...................................................... 11 1.4 The fastest-progressing baskets in the TuvRad9/2013 Top 25 category .......... 12 1.5 The fastest-progressing baskets in the TuVRad9/2016 Top 26–100 category . 13 1.6 New baskets and fields of technology that are proposed for monitoring ........ 14 1.7 Structural improvements to the report ............................................................ 15 1.8 Regional and international application of the four-level model ....................... 16 1.9 Interactive updating of the report with the help of database .........................
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2010
    Annual Report University of Central Florida 2010 CREOL – The College of Optics and Photonics Contents Message from the Dean……………………………………………………….. 1 1. Faculty and Staff 1.1 Faculty …………………………………………………………….. 2 Awards and Honors …………………………………………. 8 Fellows of Professional Societies……………………………… 9 Presidents, Directors and Officers of Professional Societies……………………………………………………….. 10 Journal Editors & Associate Editors …………………………. 11 Authors & Editors of Books ………………………………… 12 Awards & Honors (2010) ……………………………………… 13 1.2 Research Staff ……………………………………………………… 14 1.3 Organization and Administrative Staff …………………………… 15 2. Academic Programs ………………………………………………………. 18 2.1 Graduate Recruitment and Enrollment …………………………… 18 2.2 Degrees Awarded ………………… ……………………………. 20 2.3 PhD Dissertations ……………………………………………… 21 2.4 Courses Taught ………………………………………………… 23 2.5 Course and Program Development …………………………….. 23 2.6 Instructional Laboratories ………………………………………… 25 2.7 Colloquia, Seminars and Workshops……………………………. 26 2.8 International Collaboration ………………………………………. 30 3. Research …………………………………………………………………… 32 3.1 Areas of Research ………………………………………………… 32 3.2 Laboratories and Facilities ………………………………………. 35 3.3 Publications ……………………………………………………… 38 Books ………………………………………………………. 38 Book Chapters ………………………………………………. 38 Journal Publications ………………………………………… 39 Conference Papers …………………………………………… 45 Presentations and Lectures …………………………………… 49 Patents and Disclosures ……………………………………… 60 3.4 Research Funding ………………………………………………… 64 New Projects ………………………………………………… 64 Continuing
    [Show full text]
  • IEEE Photonics Society News
    February 2017 Vol. 31, No. 1 www.PhotonicsSociety.org Growing Canada’s Silicon Photonics Research Capacity by Chrostowski et al. Also Inside: • Photonics Start-ups 101: The Exit by Poole • Meet the new members of the society’s BoG • Spotlight on society members inducted into the National Academy of Inventors • Membership news including initiatives on women in photonics, outreach, and STEM…and more! February 2017 Vol. 31, No. 1 www.PhotonicsSociety.org Growing Canada’s Silicon Photonics Research Capacity by Chrostowski et al. Also Inside: • Photonics Start-ups 101: The Exit by Poole • Meet the new members of the society’s BoG • Spotlight on society members inducted into the National Academy of Inventors • Membership news including initiatives on women in photonics, outreach, and STEM…and more! February 2017 Volume 31, Number 1 FEATURE Research Highlight. 4 – Growing Canada’s Silicon Photonics Research Capacity 9 Spotlight On �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7 • Photonics Start-ups 101: The Exit News . 9 • Book Review: Principles of Optics for Engineers by William S.C. Chang • Winners of the 2016 IEEE Maker Project Competition Announced • IEEE Receives National Recognition as a Great Workplace by the Independent Analysts at Great Place to Work® • National Photonics Initiative Commends U.S. Congress for Bipartisan Effort to Pass American Innovation and Competitiveness Act • New York Governor Cuomo Announces U.S. AIM Photonics Manufacturing Facility to be Located in Rochester’s Eastman Business Park at ON Semiconductor • Texas High School Student Designs Self-Cooling Solar Cell Careers and Awards . 15 • IEEE Photonics Society—Call for Nominations • Call for Nominations IEEE Photonics Society 2017 Distinguished Service Award • Meet the Newly Elected Members of the Board of Governors 2017–2019 • Petition for Candidates for Election to the Photonics Society Board of Governors • Professor E.M.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Impact March 2017 Swinburne in Numbers
    research.swinburne.edu.au RESEARCH MARCH 2017 SWINBURNE RESEARCH IMPACT RESEARCH SWINBURNE IMPACT NET EQUITY Empowerment through digital connection QUANTUM CONDITIONER Combing through entangled photons LEADING GALACTIC DOPPELGANGERS Nearby galaxies solve MARCH 2017 LIGHT distant mysteries Baohua Jia’s big-picture VOICE OF REASON science at the nanoscale Delving into schizophrenia RESEARCH IMPACT PHONE: +61 3 9214 5552 WEB: www.research.swinburne.edu.au FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com/swinburneuniversityoftechnology TWITTER: www.twitter.com/Swinburne EMAIL: [email protected] ADMINISTRATION Research and editorial enquiries Ryan Wendt - Senior Manager, Research Information Services tel: +61 3 9214 5552 | email: [email protected] Industry engagement enquiries Jane Ward – Director, Collaborations and Partnerships tel: +61 3 9214 8626 | email: [email protected] Swinburne Alumni Jasmine Groves – Associate Director, Alumni Engagement tel: +61 3 9214 3777 | email: [email protected] ABOUT THIS MAGAZINE Swinburne Research Impact is published for Swinburne University of Technology by the Partnership and Custom Media unit of Nature Research, part of Springer Nature. Level 25, 1 Market Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. Copyright © Swinburne University of Technology. All rights reserved. The information in this publication was correct at the time of going to press. March 2017. The views expressed by contributors in this publication are not necessarily those of Swinburne University of Technology. ABOUT SWINBURNE RESEARCH Swinburne University of Technology is an internationally recognised research-intensive university that is focused on delivering research that creates economic and social impact. Our researchers are pro- ducing innovative research solutions to real-world problems across a range of disciplines and sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • Sprouse to Succeed Blume As APS Editor-In-Chief
    October 2006 Volume 15, No. 9 www.aps.org/apsnews Highlights Physics and Technology Forefronts AAPUBLICATPION OF THS E AMERICANNPHYSICAL SEOCIETY • WWW.APS.ORGS /APSNEWS Page 6 Why Are These Men Smiling? Cherry A. Murray Elected New APS Vice President APS members have elected sor of physics at Princeton ber of management positions over Cherry A. Murray, deputy director University, and Elizabeth J. Beise, the years, including department for science and technology at a professor of physics at the head for low temperature physics, Lawrence Livermore National University of Maryland, were elect - department head for condensed mat - Laboratory, as the Society’s next ed as general councilors. ter physics, department head for vice president. Murray will assume Murray is an experimental con - semiconductor physics, and direc - the office of vice president in tor of Bell Lab’s Physical January 2007. Arthur Research Lab. Bienenstock of Stanford In 2000, Murray became University will become presi - vice president for physical dent-elect, and Leo Kadanoff, sciences and then senior vice professor emeritus at the president in 2001. Discover University of Chicago, will Magazine named her one of Photo by Ken Cole serve as APS president for the “50 Most Important 2007, succeeding 2006 APS Women in Science” in 2002. Tom McIlrath, left, has just stepped down after 10 years as APS Treasurer. He has the satis - fied smile of one whose job has been well done and who leaves the APS in fine financial con - President John Hopfield of She has served on the APS dition. Joe Serene, right, is the new APS Treasurer.
    [Show full text]
  • Graphene Nanobubble: a New Optical Nonlinear Material
    Graphene Nanobubble: A New Optical Nonlinear Material Qiaoliang Bao1,2*, Jianqiang Chen3,4*, Yuanjiang Xiang1, Kai Zhang1, Shaojuan Li2, Xiaofang Jiang1, Qing-Hua Xu1, Kian Ping Loh1†, T. Venkatesan3,4,5† 1Department of Chemistry, and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore. 2Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China. 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore. 4NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore. 5Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore. *These authors contributed equally to this work. †To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] (K. P. L.); [email protected] (T. V.) Abstract Graphene is a rising star in nonlinear optics due to its saturable absorption and giant Kerr nonlinearity, these properties are useful in digital optics based on optical nonlinear devices. However, practical applications require large optical nonlinearities and these are inherently limited by the interaction length of atomically thin graphene. Here, we demonstrate optical bistability in a Fabry–Perot cavity containing monolayer and bilayer graphene which have been restructured to form nanobubbles. We find that graphene nanobubble can act as a new type of optical nonlinear media due to its vertical side wall as well as added curvature, which enable strong non-linear dispersive effects leading to a large optically induced phase change. Unlike thermally induced bistability, the all-optical switching between two transmission states happens within a time scale of tens of nanoseconds. Nanobubble-based optical devices with intrinsic optical nonlinearity help to overcome the optical path length limitation of atomically thin two dimensional films and allow us to explore the promise of using such elements as the building block of digital all-optical circuitry.
    [Show full text]
  • Engheta, Nader H. Nedwill Ramsey Professor of Electrical and Systems Engineering, and Professor of Bioengineerin University of P
    Appendix 2 – page 1 INTERNATIONAL UNION OF RADIO SCIENCE 1. NAME OF CANDIDATE: ........................................................................................................... Last, First, Middle PRESENT OCCUPATION: ......................................................................................................... Position, Organization ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... BUSINESS ADDRESS: ............................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... HOME ADDRESS: ...................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]