VOLUME LXV September 2019 NUMBER 9
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Jack the Ripper: the Divided Self and the Alien Other in Late-Victorian Culture and Society
Jack the Ripper: The Divided Self and the Alien Other in Late-Victorian Culture and Society Michael Plater Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 18 July 2018 Faculty of Arts The University of Melbourne ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines late nineteenth-century public and media representations of the infamous “Jack the Ripper” murders of 1888. Focusing on two of the most popular theories of the day – Jack as exotic “alien” foreigner and Jack as divided British “gentleman” – it contends that these representations drew upon a series of emergent social and cultural anxieties in relation to notions of the “self” and the “other.” Examining the widespread contention that “no Englishman” could have committed the crimes, it explores late-Victorian conceptions of Englishness and documents the way in which the Ripper crimes represented a threat to these dominant notions of British identity and masculinity. In doing so, it argues that late-Victorian fears of the external, foreign “other” ultimately masked deeper anxieties relating to the hidden, unconscious, instinctual self and the “other within.” Moreover, it reveals how these psychological concerns were connected to emergent social anxieties regarding degeneration, atavism and the “beast in man.” As such, it evaluates the wider psychological and sociological impact of the case, arguing that the crimes revealed the deep sense of fracture, duality and instability that lay beneath the surface of late-Victorian English life, undermining and challenging dominant notions of progress, civilisation and social advancement. Situating the Ripper narrative within a broader framework of late-nineteenth century cultural uncertainty and crisis, it therefore argues that the crimes (and, more specifically, populist perceptions of these crimes) represented a key defining moment in British history, serving to condense and consolidate a whole series of late-Victorian fears in relation to selfhood and identity. -
In Memoriam COMPILED by GEOFFREY TEMPLEMAN
In Memoriam COMPILED BY GEOFFREY TEMPLEMAN The Alpine Club Obituary Year of Election Charles Buchanan Moncur Warren 1931 Hon. 1980 Janet Buchanan Carleton (Janet Adam Smith) LAC 1946 Hon. 1994 Geoffrey John Streetly ACG 1952 Stephen Paul Miller Asp. 1999 Frederic Sinclair Jackson 1957 Christine Bicknell LAC 1949 Sir George Sidney Bishop 1982 John Flavell Coa1es 1976 Robert Scott Russell 1935 A1istair Morgan 1976 Arun Pakmakar Samant 1987 In addition to the above eleven members who died in 1999, mention should be made of four further names. Jose Burman, a South African member, died in 1995 but was not included at the time. Ginette Harrison was the first woman to climb Kangchenjunga, in 1998. Whilst not yet a member, she had started the application process for membership. She died on Dhaulagiri last year. Yossi Brain, who sent us valuable reports from South America for the Area Notes, died in an avalanche on 25 September 1999 while mountain eering with friends in Northern Bolivia. Yossi touched the lives of a lot of people, through his lively, bright, and often irreverent sense of humourwhich permeated his guiding, his books, his articles and above all his spirit. He achieved a lot in the time he had, making two different and sucessful careers, and providing inspiration to many. Ulf Carlsson was Chairman of the Mountain Club of Kenya between 1993 and 1996. He wrote an article about the Swedish mountains for the 1997 Alpine Journal and was well known to some of our members. He died in the Pamir in 1999. Geoffrey Templeman 277 278 THE ALPINE JOURNAL 2000 Charles Warren, 1906-1999 Our Honorary Member Charles Warren, who died at Felsted a few days short of his 93rd birthday, was the oldest surviving member of the pre-war Everest expeditions. -
Suspects Information Booklet
Metropolitan Police Cold Case Files Case: Jack the Ripper Date of original investigation: August- December 1888 Officer in charge of investigation: Charles Warren, Head of metropolitan police After a detailed and long investigation, the case of the Jack the Ripper murders still has not been solved. After interviewing several witnesses we had a vague idea of what Jack looked like. However, there were many conflicting witness reports on what Jack looked like so we could not be certain. Nevertheless, we had a list of suspects from the witness reports and other evidence left at the scene. Unfortunately, there was not enough evidence to convict any of the suspects. Hopefully, in the future someone can solve these horrendous crimes if more information comes to light. Therefore, the investigation team and I leave behind the information we have on the suspects so that one day he can be found. Charles Warren, Head of the Metropolitan Police Above: The Investigation team Left: Charles Warren, Head of the Metropolitan Police Montague John Druitt Druitt was born in Dorset, England. He the son of a prominent local surgeon. Having received his qualifications from the University of Oxford he became a lawyer in 1885. He was also employed as an assistant schoolmaster at a boarding school in Blackheath, London from 1881 until he was dismissed shortly before his death in 1888. His body was found floating in the river Thames at Chiswick on December 31, 1888. A medical examination suggested that his body was kept at the bottom of the river for several weeks by stones places in their pockets. -
Prayer to Saint Benedict "Admirable Saint and Doctor of Humility, You
Prayer to Saint Benedict "Admirable Saint and Doctor of Humility, you practiced what you taught, assiduously praying for God's glory and lovingly fulfilling all work for God and the benefit of all human beings. You know the many physical dangers that surround us today, often caused or occasioned by human inventions. Guard us against poisoning of the body as well as of mind and soul, and thus be truly a 'Blessed' one for us. Amen." Prayer to Saint Benedict "Glorious Saint Benedict, sublime model of virtue, pure vessel of God's grace! Behold me humbly kneeling at your feet. I implore you in your loving kindness to pray for me before the throne of God. To you I have recourse in the dangers that daily surround me. Shield me against my selfishness and my indifference to God and to my neighbor. Inspire me to imitate you in all things. May your blessing be with me always, so that I may see and serve Christ in others and work for His kingdom. Graciously obtain for me from God those favors and graces which I need so much in the trials, miseries and afflictions of life. Your heart was always full of love, compassion and mercy toward those who were afflicted or troubled in any way. You never dismissed without consolation and assistance anyone who had recourse to you. I therefore invoke your powerful intercession, confident in the hope that you will hear my prayers and obtain for me the special grace and favor I earnestly implore. (mention your petition) Help me, great St. -
Paper 1: Historic Environment Whitechapel, C1870 – C1900: Crime
Paper 1: Historic environment Whitechapel, c1870 – c1900: Crime, policing and the inner city Name: Teacher: Form: Sources Questions 1 and 2 of Paper 1 will focus on your ability to use source materials with questions 2 (a) and 2 (b) asking specifically about the utility and usefulness of source materials. When handling a source you must consider the following: Content – Nature – Origins – Purpose – Then once you’ve considered all of those things you must do a CAT test! The CAT (or the Pandora test) Is it Comprehensive? Is it Accurate? Is it Typical? When you give a CAT test score the score is out of nine because…. Types of source You will handle sources which tell you lots of different things but the types of sources have lots of commonalities, think about the strengths and weaknesses for each source type. Source Strengths Weaknesses National newspaper Police records Surveys Cartoons Local newspapers Government records Census records Photographs Crime statistics Diaries Individuals reports e.g. Charles Booth Maps Which type of source would be the most useful when looking into people’s opinions? Following up sources Not only will you be asked to consider the value of a source but you will also be asked to think about how an historian would use a source. How does an historian know What questions do historians ask? they’re right? What types of sources do Why would a CAT be useful to historians use? an historian? What does an historian always know? What makes a source useful? Sort the words into the bags, which relate to a source that is useful or limited? When is a source is limited does it mean you can’t use it? What was Whitechapel like? Whitechapel is an area of London’s East End, just outside the City of London. -
The Final Solution (1976)
When? ‘The Autumn of Terror’ 1888, 31st August- 9th November 1888. The year after Queen Victoria’s Golden jubilee. Where? Whitechapel in the East End of London. Slum environment. Crimes? The violent murder and mutilation of women. Modus operandi? Slits throats of victims with a bladed weapon; abdominal and genital mutilations; organs removed. Victims? 5 canonical victims: Mary Ann Nichols; Annie Chapman; Elizabeth Stride; Catherine Eddowes; Mary Jane Kelly. All were prostitutes. Other potential victims include: Emma Smith; Martha Tabram. Perpetrator? Unknown Investigators? Chief Inspector Donald Sutherland Swanson; Inspector Frederick George Abberline; Inspector Joseph Chandler; Inspector Edmund Reid; Inspector Walter Beck. Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir Charles Warren. Commissioner of the City of London Police, Sir James Fraser. Assistant Commissioner of the Metropolitan CID, Sir Robert Anderson. Victim number 5: Victim number 2: Mary Jane Kelly Annie Chapman Aged 25 Aged 47 Murdered: 9th November 1888 Murdered: 8th September 1888 Throat slit. Breasts cut off. Heart, uterus, kidney, Throat cut. Intestines severed and arranged over right shoulder. Removal liver, intestines, spleen and breast removed. of stomach, uterus, upper part of vagina, large portion of the bladder. Victim number 1: Missing portion of Mary Ann Nicholls Catherine Eddowes’ Aged 43 apron found plus the Murdered: 31st August 1888 chalk message on the Throat cut. Mutilation of the wall: ‘The Jews/Juwes abdomen. No organs removed. are the men that will not be blamed for nothing.’ Victim number 4: Victim number 3: Catherine Eddowes Elizabeth Stride Aged 46 Aged 44 th Murdered: 30th September 1888 Murdered: 30 September 1888 Throat cut. Intestines draped Throat cut. -
Underground in Jerusalem with Charles Warren, the Intrepid Mole
HOME "IT WAS IN THE HEART OF DAVID, MY FATHER, BIBLE REFERENCES TO BUILD A TEMPLE FOR THE NAME OF THE LORD, THE GOD OF ISRAEL" BOOKLIST I KINGS 8:17 GILA’S GIFT SHOP HOLY LAND HEADLINERS HOLY LAND HEROINES HOLY SITES: GILA’S HIGHLIGHTS SONGS & PRAISE TIPS FOR TOURS It all started on a hot summer’s day in 1865. British Baroness Angela Burdett Coutts, ABOUT GILA on a pilgrimage to the holy city, was thirsty. When Mahmoud, her guide, drew up a bucket of stinking water from a courtyard cistern, Coutts thought to herself, would CONTACT Jesus have drunk such smelly water? And what about King David? When she returned to England, Coutts donated 500 pounds sterling to help establish the Palestine Exploration Fund. She convinced her friend and neighbor Vicky to be a sponsor of the new organization. (Vicky, by the way, was none other than Queen Victoria.) The goal of the P.E.F. was to promote research into the archaeology and history, manners and customs, culture, topography, geology and natural sciences of biblical Palestine and the Near East. Illustration in the Land and the Book by W. M. Thomson, published 1869 Dome of the Rock on the Temple Mount at the time of Charles Warren Two years later, the P.E.F. sent 27-year-old Lieutenant (later Captain) Charles Warren of the British Royal Engineering Corps to Jerusalem. His instructions were to http://www.itsgila.com/headlinerswarren.htm 3/14/17, 101 AM Page 1 of 7 investigate the site of the Temple, the line of fortifications, the City of David, and the authenticity of the traditional Church of the Holy Sepulcher. -
Paper 1: Historic Environment Study Whitechapel, C1870 – C1900: Crime
Paper 1: Historic Environment Study Whitechapel, c1870 – c1900: Crime, policing and the inner city Name: Teacher: Group: This work book will prepare you for Section A of Paper 1: Crime and Punishment. As you work through the booklet, highlight key points, add notes and annotations, complete the tasks and exam practice. At the back of the booklet is a space to create a glossary and add definitions to historical terminology. Using Sources Part A of Paper 1 will focus on Whitechapel and your ability to use source materials, with questions 2 (a) and 2 (b) asking specifically about the usefulness of source materials. When handling a source you must consider the following: Content – Nature – Origins – Purpose – Then once you’ve considered all of those things you must do a COAT test! The COAT Test Is it Comprehensive? Is it Objective? Is it Accurate? Is it Typical? What was Whitechapel like? Whitechapel is an area of London’s East End, just outside the City of London. In our period it was an inner- city area of poverty – a place where lots of different types of people lived, many of whom were very poor. Some parts were known as ‘rookeries’ – an area filled with lodging houses in which some of London’s poorest people lived in terribly overcrowded conditions. They spent only one or two nights in a place, each day trying to earn enough money to eat and for the 4d it would cost for their next night’s ‘doss’. Other parts of Whitechapel were more respectable and, as you will see, parts of the area changed for the better, or for the worse. -
Jack the Ripper
Learning Curve Learning Curve Education Service Workshops Key Stage 4 Jack the Ripper Contents Teachers notes 2 Documents 1 to 6: Police letters 5 Worksheet for Police letters 17 Documents 7 to 12: ‘Jack the Ripper’ letters 19 Worksheet for ‘Jack the Ripper’ letters 31 1 Learning Curve Education Service workshops Jack the Ripper Teacher’s notes Aims of the workshop This videoconference workshop is designed for those taking the Edexcel GCSE coursework option on Jack the Ripper. Through a study of original correspondence taken from the Metropolitan Police Letter Books and the Jack the Ripper letters held here at the National Archives, students will investigate why the police were unable to catch the murderer. They will research the different methods employed by the police in their efforts to apprehend Jack the Ripper, as well as those suggested by members of the public, to question whether or not they were to blame for not bringing him (or her!) to justice. The Jack the Ripper letters will also be examined to understand the impact they had on the police investigation of the case, and what they reveal about society’s attitudes to the murders. In addition to this, students will examine original census returns from 1881 to build up a picture of Whitechapel at the time of the murders and consider how this evidence can also help us to understand the difficulties faced by police in their investigations into the case. Who’s who Sir Charles Warren: Chief Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police until November 1888 Sir James Munro: Chief Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police from November 1888 Sir James Fraser: Commissioner of the City of London Police Henry Matthews: Secretary of State for the Home Office (Home Secretary) Percy Lindley: a breeder of bloodhounds from Loughton, Essex Thomas Blair: a member of the public from Gribton, Dumfries Documents Document 1: reference MEPO 1/55 (p.321 – 323) Police letter, undated. -
Edmund Reid NICHOLAS CONNELL on the Further Adventures of the Detective Inspector
No. 147 December 2015 Edmund Reid NICHOLAS CONNELL on the Further Adventures of the Detective Inspector LINDSAY SIVITER on the Masonic Career of Frederick Abberline From the Archives: Sweated London by GEORGE R SIMS JAN BONDESON’S Murder House Casebook NINA and HOWARD BROWN Victorian Fiction by DINAH MARIA MULOCK Ripperologist 118 January 2011 1 Quote for the month “Seriously I am amazed at some people who think a Pantomime of Jack the Ripper is okay. A play by all means but a pantomime? He was supposed to have cut women open from throat to thigh removed organs also laid them out for all to see. If that’s okay as a pantomime then lets have a Fred West pantomime or a Yorkshire Ripper show.” Norfolk Daily Press reader Brian Potter comments on reports of a local production. Sing-a-long songs include “Thrash Me Thrash Me”. Ripperologist 147 December 2015 EDITORIAL: THE ANNIVERSARY WALTZ EXECUTIVE EDITOR by Adam Wood Adam Wood EDITORS THE FURTHER ADVENTURES OF Gareth Williams DETECTIVE INSPECTOR EDMUND REID Eduardo Zinna by Nicholas Connell REVIEWS EDITOR BROTHER ABBERLINE AND Paul Begg A FEW OTHER FELLOW NOTABLE FREEMASONS by Lindsay Siviter EDITOR-AT-LARGE Christopher T George JTR FORUMS: A DECADE OF DEDICATION COLUMNISTS by Howard Brown Nina and Howard Brown David Green FROM THE ARCHIVES: The Gentle Author SWEATED LONDON BY GEORGE R SIMS From Living London Vol 1 (1901) ARTWORK Adam Wood FROM THE CASEBOOKS OF A MURDER HOUSE DETECTIVE: MURDER HOUSES OF RAMSGATE Follow the latest news at by Jan Bondeson www.facebook.com/ripperologist A FATAL AFFINITY: CHAPTERS 5 & 6 Ripperologist magazine is free of charge. -
The Palestine Exploration Fund and the Search for the "City of David"
The Palestine Exploration Fund and the Search for the "City of David" Shimon Gibson University of North Carolina at Charlotte The Palestine Exploration Fund and the Search for the "City of David" The search for the true location of the biblical "City of David" was at every stage of the development of the Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) one of its stated objectives, from the establishing of the society in 1865 and until the 1960s. The society was founded by the biblical historian and musicologist George Grove with the intention of making an "accurate and systematic investigation of the archaeology, the topography, the geology and physical geography, the manners and customs of the Holy Land, for biblical illustration" (Watson 1915: 17). These lofty aims to make an overall study of the Land of Israel were indeed achieved when an exploration and mapping operation (the "Survey of Western Palestine") was conducted by the PEF in the 1870s, but although work was conducted throughout the country, Jerusalem remained at all times a major target of its antiquarian and scholarly interest. This is well reflected in the enormous quantities of archival materials pertaining to the study of ancient Jerusalem – letters, manuscripts, drawings, maps and photographs – that are presently preserved in the offices of the PEF in London.1 The goal to undertake excavations in Jerusalem was very much a central theme of the founding meeting of the PEF in 1865, and one that clearly resulted from the previous success of the "Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem" of 1864 and 1865 made by Charles Wilson. 46 Fig. -
The Medal Or Cross of St. Benedict
The Medal or Cross of St. Benedict Medals, like crosses, statues and paintings, are a time-honored means of fostering and expressing Christian faith and devotion. They remind us who we are and stir us to prayer and service. They are not charms, though often enough folk custom attaches almost superstitious meaning to them. This enter discusses the origin of the Benedictine Medal/Cross, the form which it now has which was established in 1880 at Montecassino, the use of the medal, before giving the prayer used in blessings the medals. Origin The cross is a key Christian symbol, one which Gregory the Great says Benedict used for blessing and working miracles. Through the centuries, St. Benedict has been shown holding a cross in one hand and his Rule in the other. It is not known when the first medal of St. Benedict was produced. In the late Middle Ages some letters were placed around the cross on the reverse of the medal. A manuscript from the abbey of Metten, dating from 1415, explains the meaning of the letters. Jubilee Medal of Montecassino The most familiar form of the medal of St. Benedict today is one designed in 1880 by the monks of Montecassino to commemorate the 1400th anniversary of the birth of St. Benedict. The design was produced at the Benedictine Abbey of Beuron in Germany. On the front side of the medal is the image of St. Benedict. In his right hand he holds a cross, and in his left, his Rule. On each side are pedestals recalling incidents from Gregory's life of Benedict in which Benedict was saved from poisoning.