Ignorance and Influence: U.S. Economists on Argentina’s Depression of 1998-2002

by Kurt Schuler

Econ Journal Watch, August 2005

Appendix 1: Full References

*Indicates the most detailed explanations of various views about the last years of the convertibility system. †Indicates material cited in the main text but not written by U.S. economists or containing no mention of Argentina. Brackets around an economist’s name indicate that an article is about him or quotes him rather than being written by him.

“U.S. economists” include those of whatever nationality who were living in the United States for an extended period when they wrote about Argentina. For economists who sometimes use middle initials, middle initials appear in all listings. Parentheses list affiliations as of early 2005, and in some cases earlier affiliations, with dates if the affiliations were in policy-making positions relevant to Argentina. The list includes all relevant formally published work I could find, as well as working papers and some writings posted on Web sites but not formally published. However, the list often omits reprints or condensations of earlier writings. Note that for academic books and articles, the lapse from the time of submission to the time of publication may be two years, or occasionally longer. The references focus on the years 1999-2002. They also include substantial material through early 2005 where I could find it, as well as some material before 1999. For a fairly detailed bibliography of writings about Argentina’s monetary system from 1991 to late 2001, see http://users.erols.com/kurrency/cybdbib.htm. Internet references were current as of May 6, 2005. Internet references that are no longer current should be accessible for free through the Internet Archive, http://www.archive.org. Much of the remaining material, other than books, can be viewed through Nexis, a fee-based service, http://www.nexis.com/research.

Ades, Alberto F. (economist, Goldman Sachs) (2003) “Living and Dying with Hard Pegs: The Rise and Fall of Argentina’s Currency Board: Comments,” Economía: Journal of the Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association, Spring, v. 3, no. 2, pp. 100-1, http://www.worldbank.org/research/bios/schmuklerpdfs/Economia-DelaTorre-LevyYeyati- Schmukler.pdf. (Ades also wrote commentaries in Goldman Sachs market newsletters, which are excluded here because they fall into the category of commentary by business economists.) Agénor, Pierre-Richard (Lead Economist and Director of Macroeconomics and Policy Assessment Skills Program, World Bank), and Peter J. Montiel (professor of economics,

1 Willliams College) (1999) Development Macroeconomics, 2nd edition, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Alberola, Enrique (Banco de España), Humberto López (economist, World Bank), and Luis Servén (World Bank) (2004) “Tango with the Gringo: The Hard Peg and Real Misalignment in Argentina,” World Bank Research Working Paper No. 3322, May 27, http://econ.worldbank.org/files/35977_wps3322.pdf. Alesina, Alberto (professor of economics, Harvard University), and Robert J. Barro (professor of economics, Harvard University) (2002) “Currency Unions,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, v. 117, no. 2, May, pp. 409-36. [Aliber, Robert Z.] (1999) (professor of international economics and finance, University of Chicago) “Recessions Put Brazil, Argentina at Economic Odds,” by Laurie Goering, Chicago Tribune, August 13, Business section, p. 1. [Aliber, Robert Z.] (2001) “Amid Civil Strife, Fiscal Pressure Mounts on Argentina,” by August Cole, CBS.Marketwatch.com, December 21. Aliber, Robert Z. (2002) The International Money Game, 6th edition, Basingstoke, England: Palgrave. *Allen, Mark (director, Policy Development and Review Department, International Monetary Fund; deputy director during Argentine crisis) (2003) “Some Lessons from the Argentine Crisis: A Fund Staff View,” pp. 130-50 in Jan Joost Teunissen and Age Akkerman, editors, The Crisis That Was Not Prevented: Lessons for Argentina, the IMF and Globalization, The Hague: FONDAD, http://www.fondad.org/publications/argentina/Fondad-Argentina- Chapter8.pdf. Allen, Mark, Christoph Rosenberg (International Monetary Fund), Christian Keller (International Monetary Fund), Brad Setser (Oxford University, formerly [1997-2001] U.S. Treasury, including acting director, Office of International Monetary and Financial Policy) and Nouriel Roubini (associate professor of economics and international business, New York University, formerly [July 1999-June 2000] senior adviser to the under secretary for international affairs and director, Office of Policy Development and Review, U.S. Treasury, and senior economist, Council of Economic Advisers [1998-1999]) (2002) “A Balance Sheet Approach to Financial Crisis,” International Monetary Fund working paper no. 02/210, December, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2002/wp02210.pdf. Alston, Lee J. (professor of economics, University of Colorado-Boulder), and Andrés Gallo (assistant professor of economics, University of North Florida, Argentine origin) (2002) “The Political Economy of Bank Reform in Argentina Under Convertibility,” Journal of Policy Reform, v. 5, no. 1, pp. 1-16; an earlier version appeared as “Evolution and Revolution in the Argentine Banking System under Convertibility: The Roles of Crises and Path Dependence,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 8008, November 2000, at http://www.nber.org. Altig, David E. (vice president and director of research, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland) (2002a) “Why Is Stable Money Such a Big Deal?,” Economic Commentary (Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland), May 1, pp. 1-4, http://www.clevelandfed.org/research/Com2002/0501.pdf. Altig, David E. (2002b) “Dollarization: What’s in It for US?,” Economic Commentary (Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland), October 15, pp. 1-4, http://www.clevelandfed.org/Research/com2002/1015.pdf.

2 Altig, David E., and Owen F. Humpage (economic adviser, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland) (1999) “Dollarization and Monetary Sovereignty: The Case of Argentina,” Economic Commentary (Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland), September 15, pp. 1-4, http://www.clevelandfed.org/Research/com99/0915.pdf. Altig, David E. (2003) “Too Much Dollarization?,” pp. 151-5 in Carl A. Cira and Elisa N. Gallo, editors, Dollarization and Latin America: Quick Cure or Bad Medicine?, Miami: Latin American and Caribbean Center, Florida International University. Altig, David E., and Ed Nosal (senior economic adviser, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland) (2002) “Dollarization: What’s in It (or Not) for the Issuing Country?,” http://www.imf.org/external/np/leg/sem/2002/cdmfl/eng/na.pdf, forthcoming in Current Developments in Monetary and Financial Law, Volume 3, Washington: International Monetary Fund. Angell, Wayne (formerly member of Federal Reserve Board of Governors, chief economist of Bear Stearns, and professor of economics at Ottawa University, Kansas) Testimony before the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee, Subcommittee on Economic Policy and Subcommittee on International Trade, Hearing on “Official Dollarization in Emerging-Market Countries,” April 22, http://banking.senate.gov/99_04hrg/042299/angell.htm. Arce M., Daniel G. (professor of economics, Rhodes College) (1999) “Interpreting Budget Deficits in Latin America: Methods with Application to Argentina,” Cambridge Journal of Economics, v. 23, no. 1, January, pp. 21-32. Atkinson, Caroline (senior director of Stonebridge International, formerly [1997-2001] U.S. Treasury, including senior deputy assistant secretary for international affairs of U.S. Treasury, also formerly [1983-1994] assistant director of International Monetary Fund) (2002) “America’s Crony Capitalism,” Financial Times, U.S. edition, February 6, p. 15. Auerbach, Nancy Neiman (assistant professor of international political economy, Scripps College) and Aldo Flores-Quiroga (assistant professor, Claremont Graduate University) (2003) “The Political Economy of Dollarization in Mexico,” pp. 266-82 in Dominick Salvatore, James W. Dean, and Thomas D. Willett, editors, The Dollarization Debate, New York: Oxford University Press. Auguste, Sebastian, Kathryn M. E. Dominguez, Herman Kamil, and Linda L. Tesar (all University of Michigan; Dominguez is professor of public policy and economics and Tesar is professor of economics) (2003) “Cross-Border Trading as a Mechanism for Capital Flight: ADRs and the Argentine Crisis,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 9343, November, at http://www.nber.org. *Baer, Werner (professor of economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Pedro [Luis] Elosegui (Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Argentina), and Andrés Gallo (assistant professor of economics, University of North Florida, Argentine origin) (2002) “The Achievements and Failures of Argentina’s Neo-Liberal Economic Policies,” Oxford Development Studies, v. 2, no. 1, February, pp. 63-85; an earlier version was http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID279383_code010815140.pdf?abstractid=2 79383. Baily, Martin Neal (senior fellow of Institute for International Economics, formerly [1999- January 2001] chairman of Council of Economic Advisers, also formerly professor of economics, University of Maryland) (2003) “The Year in Review: A Turning Point?,” Institute for International Economics, http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/baily0203.pdf.

3 Baker, Dean, and Mark Weisbrot (co-directors, Center for Economic Policy Research) (2002) “The Role of Social Security Privatization in Argentina’s Economic Crisis,” typescript, Center for Economic Policy Research, Washington, April 17, http://cepr.net/Argentina_and_SS_Privatization.pdf. Baker, Dean, see Weisbrot, Mark. Baliño, Tomás J. T., Charles Enoch, Alain Ize, Veerathi Santiprabhob, and Peter Stella (all International Monetary Fund at the time) (1997) Currency Board Arrangements: Issues and Experiences, IMF Occasional Paper No. 151, Washington: International Monetary Fund. †Banco Central de la República Argentina, Web site, http://www.bcra.gov.ar. Barro, Robert J. (professor of economics, Harvard University) (1995) “Latin Lessons in Monetary Policy,” Wall Street Journal, May 1, p. A14. Barro, Robert J. (1996) “Argentina and Mexico: Latin Lessons in Monetary Policy,” in Robert J. Baro, Getting It Right: Markets and Choices in a Free Society, Cambridge Massachusetts: MIT Press, pp. 45-52. (Reprints and perhaps expands on Barro [1995].) Barro, Robert J. (1998) “The IMF Doesn’t Put Out Fires, It Starts Them,” Business Week, December 7, p. 18. Barro, Robert J. (1999) “Let the Dollar Reign from Seattle to Santiago,” Wall Street Journal, March 8, p. A18. Barro, Robert J. (2000) “The Dollar Club: Why Countries Are So Keen to Join,” Business Week, December 11, p. 34. Barro, Robert J. (2001a) “Argentina’s Cavallo May Not Play the Hero This Time,” Business Week, 7 May, p. 30. Barro, Robert J. (2001b) “The Dollar World: Adios, Peso?,” Wall Street Journal, August 15, p. A14. Barro, Robert J. (2002) Nothing Is Sacred: Economic Ideas for the New Millennium, pp. 44-52, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Becker, Gary S. (1993) (professor of economics and sociology, University of Chicago, Nobel Memorial Prize winner) “Argentina’s Welcome Turn Toward the Open Road,” Business Week, May 17, p. 22. Becker, Gary S. (1997) “Fragile Economies and Floating Currencies Don’t Mix,” Business Week, September 8, p. 22. Becker, Gary S. (1999a) “Why Countries Shouldn’t Break Their Currency Promises,” Business Week, March 15, p. 20. Becker, Gary S. (1999b) “What We Can Learn from the Asian Mess,” Business Week, June 28, p. 23. Becker, Gary S. (2002) “Deficit Spending Got Argentina Into This Mess,” Business Week, 11 February, p. 30. Beim, David O. (professor of professional practice, economics and finance, Columbia University), and Charles W. Calomiris (professor of financial institutions, Columbia University) (2001) Emerging Financial Markets, Boston: McGraw-Hill. Bennett, Adam G. G. (International Monetary Fund) (1994) “Currency Boards: Issues and Experiences,” pp. 186-212 in Tomás J. T. Baliño and Carlo Cottarelli, editors, Frameworks for Monetary Stability. Washington: International Monetary Fund. A short version appeared under the same title in Finance and Development, v. 32, no. 3, September 1995, pp. 39-42. Berg, Andrew (division chief, Development Issues Division, Policy Development and Review Department, International Monetary Fund, formerly [2000] deputy assistant secretary for

4 East Asia and Latin America, U.S. Treasury) and Eduardo R Borensztein (International Monetary Fund) (2000) “The Dollarization Debate,” Finance and Development, v. 37, no. 1, pp. 38-41. Berg, Andrew, and Eduardo R Borensztein (2003) “The Pros and Cons of Full Dollarization,” pp. 72-101 in Dominick Salvatore, James W. Dean, and Thomas D. Willett, editors, The Dollarization Debate, New York: Oxford University Press; an earlier version appeared as International Monetary Fund Working Paper 00/50, March 2000, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2000/wp0050.pdf. Berg, Andrew, Eduardo R Borensztein, and Paolo Mauro (all International Monetary Fund) (2002) “An Evaluation of Monetary Regime Options for Latin America,” North American Journal of Economics and Finance, v. 13, no. 3, December, pp. 213-35; a summary appeared as “Monetary Regime Options for Latin America,” Finance and Development, v. 40, no. 3, September 2003, pp. 24-7, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2003/09/pdf/berg.pdf. Berg, Andrew, see Mussa, Michael. Bergsten, C. Fred (director, Institute for International Economics, formerly assistant secretary for international affairs, U.S. Treasury), and William Cline (Institute for International Affairs, formerly Institute for International Finance) (1995) “The Peso Crisis and Financial Support for Mexico: Statement by C. Fred Bergsten, Director, and William R. Cline, Senior Fellow, Institute for International Economics, Before the Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives,” February 1. Bergsten, C. Fred (1999) “Prepared Statement of C. Fred Bergsten, Director, Institute for International Economics, Before the House Committee on Banking and Financial Services, Hearing on ‘Alternative Exchange Rate Systems and Reform of the International Financial Architecture,” May 21. [Bergsten, C. Fred] (2001) National Public Radio, “All Things Considered,” interview with Linda Wertheimer, December 21. Bergsten, C. Fred (2002a) Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Financial Services, Subcommittee on International Monetary Policy and Trade, Hearing on “Argentina’s Economic Meltdown—Causes and Remedies,” Serial No. 107-52, March 5, http://financialservices.house.gov/media/pdf/107-52.pdf. Bergsten, C. Fred (2002b) “Preface,” pp. viii-ix in Michael Mussa, Argentina and the Fund: From Triumph to Tragedy, Washington: Institute for International Economics. [Birdsall, Nancy] (president, Center for Global Development, formerly executive vice-president, Inter-American Development Bank) (2002a) Public Broadcasting Service, “The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer,” interview with Ray Suarez, January 7. Birdsall, Nancy (2002b) “What Went Wrong in Argentina?,” revised version of comments in “Argentina: Weighing the Options,” Center for Strategic and International Studies conference, January 29, http://www.cgdev.org/docs/focalpoint_argcrisis.pdf; the original transcript is http://www.csis.org/americas/sa/020129Argentina.pdf. Black, Stanley W. (professor of economics, University of North Carolina, formerly senior policy adviser, IMF Institute) (2002) Comments in National Bureau of Economic Research (2002b). Blanchard, Olivier J. (professor of economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (2001) “Argentina’s Symbols Crash Against Reality,” The Nation (Bangkok), December 17 (also in other newspapers). Blanchard, Olivier J. (2003) Macroeconomics, 3rd edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

5 Blecker, Robert A. (professor of economics, American University) (1999) Taming Global Finance: A Better Architecture for Growth and Equity, Washington: Economic Policy Institute. Blecker, Robert A. (2003) “What Befell Argentina,” letter to the editor, Washington Post, August 8, p. A16. Blinder, Alan S. (professor of economics, Princeton University, formerly vice chairman, Federal Reserve Board of Governors, and member, Council of Economic Advisers) (1998) Prepared statement before U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Banking and Financial Services, Hearing on “Global Economic Problems,” September 14. Blinder, Alan S. (1999) “Eight Steps to a New Financial Order,” Foreign Affairs, September/October, pp. 50-63. †Blustein, Paul (business reporter, Washington Post) (2005) And the Money Kept Rolling In (and Out): Wall Street, the IMF, and the Bankrupting of Argentina, New York: PublicAffairs. Bordo, Michael D. (professor of economics, Rutgers University), and Roberto Chang (professor of economics, Rutgers University, formerly research officer, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta) (2001) “Throw Away the Dollar Peg,” Financial Times, London edition, June 7, p. 21. Bordo, Michael D., and Roberto Chang (2002) “Stabilising Argentina,” Financial Times, U.S. edition, February 27, p. 13. Bordo, Michael D., and Carlos A. Végh (professor of economics, University of California-Los Angeles) (2002) “What If Alexander Hamilton Had Been Argentinean? A Comparison of the Early Monetary Experiences of Argentina and the United States,” Journal of Monetary Economics, v. 49, no. 3, April, pp. 459-94; also National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 6862, December 1998, at http://www.nber.org. [Borensztein, Eduardo R.] (International Monetary Fund) (1999) Remarks in “Dollarization: Fad or Future for Latin America,” transcript, International Monetary Fund Economic Forum, June 24, http://www.imf.org/external/np/tr/1999/tr990624.htm. Borensztein, Eduardo R., Jeromin Zettelmeyer, and Thomas Philippon (all International Monetary Fund) (2001) “Monetary Independence in Emerging Markets—Does the Exchange Rate Regime Make a Difference?,” International Monetary Fund Working Paper No. 01/1, January, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2001/wp0101.pdf. A similar paper was published as Eduardo R. Borensztein and Jeromin Zettelmeyer (2001) “Monetary Independence in Emerging Markets: The Role of the Exchange-Rate Regime,” pp. 57-66 in Alberto Alesina and Robert J. Barro, editors (2001) Currency Unions, Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press. Boye, François (international economist, U.S. Treasury, since November 2004, formerly a consultant) (2002) “In Search of the Divide among Exchange Rate Regimes in Latin America,” Brazilian Electronic Journal of Economics, v. 5, no. 1, May, http://www.beje.decon.ufpe.br/v5n1/boye.pdf. Brainard, S. Lael (senior fellow, Brookings Institution, formerly [1999-January 2001] deputy assistant to the president of the United States for international economics) (2002) “Capitalism Unhinged: The IMF and the Lessons of the Last Financial Crisis,” Foreign Affairs, January- February, pp. 192f, http://www.brookings.edu/views/op-ed/brainard/20020114.htm. Bretton Woods Committee (2002) “Spotlight on Latin America,” Critical Issues Forum, http://www.brettonwoods.org/Critical%20Issues%20Latin%20America.PDF. Contains

6 comments by Augusto de la Torre, Morris Goldstein, Adam Lerrick, Riordan Roett, Joseph Stiglitz, Edwin M. Truman, and Sidney Weintraub. †Buscaglia, Marcos A. (Universidad Austral, Argentina) (2002) “The Economics and Politics of Argentina’s Debacle,” typescript, IAE Escuela de Dirección y Negocios, Universidad Austral, October 15, and accompanying spreadsheet provided by the author. Caballero, Ricardo J. (professor of economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (2000a) “Macroeconomic Volatility in Latin America: Three Case Studies,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 7782, July, at http://www.nber.org. Caballero, Ricardo J. (2000b) “Structural Volatility in Argentina: A Report,” Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department, working paper no. 422, August, http://www.iadb.org/res/publications/pubfiles/pubWP-422.pdf; published as “Argentina,” pp. 29-67 of Caballero (2001). Caballero, Ricardo J. (2001) Macroeconomic Volatility in Reformed Latin America: Diagnosis and Policy Proposals, Washington: Inter-American Development Bank, 2001. Caballero, Ricardo J., and Arvind Krishnamurthy (assistant professor of finance, Northwestern University) (2004) “Fiscal Policy and Financial Depth,” typescript, May 3, http://web.mit.edu/caball/www/fiscal21-5-04.pdf. Caballero, Ricardo J., and Rudiger Dornbusch (died 2002, formerly professor of economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (2002a) “Argentina Cannot Be Trusted,” Financial Times, U.S. edition, March 8, p. 13; also at http://web.mit.edu/caball/www/ARGENTINA22802.pdf as “Argentina: A Rescue Plan That Works.” Caballero, Ricardo J., and Rudiger Dornbusch (2002b) “La batalla por Argentina,” La Nacion (Buenos Aires), April 24; also at http://web.mit.edu/caball/www/LABATALLA3.pdf and in English as “The Battle for Argentina,” http://www.nber.org/~confer/2002/argentina02/dornbusch.pdf. Calomiris, Charles W. (professor of financial institutions, Columbia University) (1997) “The Postmodern Bank Safety Net: Lessons from Developed and Developing Economies,” Washington: AEI Press (American Enterprise Institute). Calomiris, Charles W. (1999) “Lessons from the Tequila Crisis for Successful Financial Liberalization,” Journal of Banking and Finance, v. 23, no. 10, October, pp. 1457-61. Calomiris, Charles W. (2000) “When Will Economics Guide IMF and World Bank Reforms?,” Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Hearing on “The Meltzer Commission: The Future of the IMF and World Bank,” Senate Hearing 106-657, May 23, at http://www.gpo.gov. Calomiris, Charles W. (2001a) “Argentina Can’t Pay What It Owes,” Wall Street Journal, April 13, p. A11, http://www.aei.org/news/newsID.12717/news_detail.asp. Calomiris, Charles W. (2001b) “The Fastest, Fairest Way Out of the Argentine Debt Crisis,” Wall Street Journal, 9 November, p. A15. Calomiris, Charles W. (2001c) Prepared statement to U.S. Congress, Joint Economic Committee, hearing on “Reform of the IMF and World Bank,” pp. 76-93, Senate Hearing No. 107-51, March 8. Washington: Government Printing Office. [Calomiris, Charles W.] (2002) “Critics Attack IMF’s Standstill Proposal,” by James Smalhout, Euromoney, January 2002, pp. 110f. Calomiris, Charles W. (2003) “Lessons from Argentina and Brazil,” Cato Journal, v. 23, no. 1, Spring/Summer, pp. 33-45, http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj23n1/cj23n1-5.pdf.

7 Calomiris, Charles W. (2005?, forthcoming) Paper on pesification. Calomiris, Charles W., and Andrew Powell (Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Argentina) (2000) “Can Emerging Market Bank Regulators Establish Credible Discipline? The Case of Argentina, 1992-1999,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 7715, May, at http://www.nber.org; published Buenos Aires: Banco Central de la República Argentina, Area de Economía y Finanzas. Calomiris, Charles W., see Beim, David O. Calvo, Guillermo A. (chief economist, Inter-American Development Bank [since June 2001], and professor of economics, University of Maryland, Argentine origin) (1993) “Financial Aspects of Currency Boards,” pp. 22-4 in Nissan Liviatan, ed. Proceedings of a Conference on Currency Substitution and Currency Boards. World Bank Discussion Papers No. 207, Washington: World Bank. [Calvo, Guillermo A.] (1996a) “Growing Demand to End Fixed Parity,” Latin America Weekly Report, October 3, p. 454. [Calvo, Guillermo A.] (1996b) Interview, pp. 21-6 in ¿Podrá sobrevivir la convertibilidad? La economía del uno para uno, edited by Daniel Naszewski, Buenos Aires: El Cronista Ediciones. Calvo, Guillermo A. (1997) “Argentina’s Experience After the Mexican Crisis,” pp. 15-18 in Guillermo E., Perry, editor, Currency Boards and External Shocks: How Much Pain, How Much Gain? Washington: World Bank. Calvo, Guillermo A. (1999a) Testimony before the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee, Subcommittee on Economic Policy and Subcommittee on International Trade, Hearing on “Official Dollarization in Emerging-Market Countries,” April 22, http://banking.senate.gov/99_04hrg/042299/calvo.htm. [Calvo, Guillermo A.] (1999b) “Argentina ‘Has No Currency, Should Dollarise’—Central Bank Chairman,” AFX newswire, May 26. [Calvo, Guillermo A.] (1999c) “Argentina’s Menem ‘Totally’ Favors Dollarization,” Agence France Presse newswire, May 28. [Calvo, Guillermo A.] (2000a) Prepared testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Banking and Financial Services, Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy, Hearing on “Monetary Stability in Latin America: Is Dollarization the Answer?,” June 22. [Calvo, Guillermo A.] (2000b) “Argentina: IMF-Led Loan Package ‘A New Beginning”,” by Marcela Valente, Inter Press Service newswire, December 19. [Calvo, Guillermo A.] (2001a) “Argentina’s Weakness Compared to Brazil Will Continue,” Financial Times Information newswire, February 8, abstracted from from Ambito Financiero (Buenos Aires), February 8? [Calvo, Guillermo A.] (2001b) “Cavallo Resignation Rumour Hits Markets Amid Signs of Political Disarray,” AFX newswire, June 30. [Calvo, Guillermo A.] (2001c) “US Treasury Views Argentina Dollarisation as ‘Sensible Option’—IADB’s Calvo,” AFX newswire, October 17. [Calvo, Guillermo A.] (2002) “Economists Give Government’s Plan a Mixed Reception,” BBC Monitoring International Reports, February 5, translated from Ambito Financiero (Buenos Aires), February 4. [Calvo, Guillermo A.] (2003a) “IDB Expert Says Argentina Faces Great Opportunity,” Xinhua News Agency, June 4.

8 Calvo, Guillermo A. (2003b) “Explaining Sudden Stop, Growth Collapse, and BOP Crisis: The Case of Distortionary Output Taxes,” International Monetary Fund Staff Papers, v. 50, special issue, September, pp. 1-20, http://www.imf.org/External/Pubs/FT/staffp/2002/00- 00/pdf/calvo.pdf. *Calvo, Guillermo A., Alejandro Izquierdo, and Ernesto Talvi (all Inter-American Development Bank) (2002) “Sudden Stops, the Real Exchange Rates and Fiscal Sustainability: Argentina’s Lessons,” typescript, Inter-American Development Bank, June 4, http://www.iadb.org/res/publications/pubfiles/pubS-146.pdf; also National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 9828, July 2003, at http://www.nber.org; published as Izquierdo (2002). Calvo, Guillermo A., Alejandro Izquierdo, and Luis-Fernando Mejía (graduate student in economics, University of Chicago) (2004) “On the Empirics of Sudden Stops: The Relevance of Balance-Sheet Effects,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 10520, May, at http://www.nber.org. Calvo, Guillermo A., and Frederic Mishkin (professor of banking and financial institutions, Columbia University, formerly executive vice president and director of research, Federal Reserve Bank of New York) (2003) “The Mirage of Exchange Rate Regimes for Emerging Market Countries,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 17, no. 4, Fall, pp. 99-118; also National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 9808, June, at http://www.nber.org. Calvo, Guillermo A., and Carmen M. Reinhart (professor of economics, University of Maryland) (1999) “Capital Flow Reversals, the Exchange Rate Debate, and Dollarization,” Finance and Development, v. 36, no. 3, September, pp. 13-15 http://www.bsos.umd.edu/econ/ciecpp7.pdf. Calvo, Guillermo A., and Ernesto Talvi (2005) “Sudden Stop, Financial Factors and Economic Collapse in Latin America: Learning from Argentina and Chile,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 11153, February, at http://www.nber.org. Camilleri Gilson, Marie-Therèse (International Monetary Fund, formerly Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development) (2002) “Policy Pre-Commitment and Institutional Design: A Synthetic Indicator Applied to Currency Boards,” Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, working paper ECO/WKP(2002)16, May 23, http://appli1.oecd.org/olis/2002doc.nsf/linkto/eco-wkp(2002)16/$FILE/JT00126593.PDF; a similar paper was issued as International Monetary Fund Working Paper No. 04’/180, September 2004, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2004/wp04180.pdf. Caprio, Jr., Gerard (director, Financial Sector Operations and Policy Department, World Bank), Michael Dooley (professor of economics, University of California-Santa Cruz, formerly assistant division chief, International Monetary Fund), Danny Leipziger (World Bank), and Carl E. Walsh (professor of economics, University of California-Santa Cruz) (1997) “The Lender of Last Resort Function under a Currency Board: The Case of Argentina,” pp. 195- 220 in George S. Tavlas, editor, The Collapse of Exchange Rate Regimes: Causes, Consequences, and Policy Responses, Boston: Kluwer Academic; earlier version http://www.dse.unive.it/summerschool/ARGCurrencyBoard-BM-wp1648.pdf. Catão, Luis (International Monetary Fund) (1998) “Intermediation Spreads in a Dual-Currency Economy: Argentina in the 1990s.” IMF Working Paper No. 98/90, June, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/wp9890.pdf. Caves, Richard E. (professor emeritus of economics, Harvard University), Jeffrey A. Frankel (professor of capital formation and growth, Harvard University, formerly [1997-1999]

9 member of Council of Economic Advisers), and Ronald W. Jones (professor of economics, University of Rochester) (2002) World Trade and Payments: An Introduction, 9th edition, Boston: Addison-Wesley, chapter 24, http://www.aw- bc.com/info/caves_frankel_jones/Chapter24.pdf. Cecchetti, Stephen (professor of international economics and finance, Brandeis University, formerly executive vice president and director of research, Federal Reserve Bank of New York) “How to Establish a Credible Iraqi Central Bank,” International Economy, Summer, pp. 84-6. †CEI (Argentina, Ministerio de Relationes Exteriores, Comercio Internacional y Culto, Centro de Economía Internacional), Web site, http://www.cei.gov.ar. (A useful collection of statistics related to Argentina’s external sector.) Céspedes, Luis Felipe (economist, International Monetary Fund), and Roberto Chang (professor of economics, Rutgers University, formerly research officer, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta), and Andrés Velasco (professor of international finance and development, Harvard University) (2003) “IS-LM-BP in the Pampas,” International Monetary Fund Staff Papers, v. 50, special issue, pp. 143-56, http://www.imf.org/External/Pubs/FT/staffp/2002/00- 00/pdf/cesped.pdf. Chang, Roberto (professor of economics, Rutgers University, formerly research officer, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta) (2000) “Dollarization: A Scorecard,” Economic Review (Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta), Third Quarter, pp. 1-12, http://www.frbatlanta.org/filelegacydocs/chang.pdf. Chang, Roberto, and Andrés Velasco (professor of international finance and development, Harvard University) (1998a) “Financial Fragility and the Exchange Rate Regime.” Journal of Economic Theory, vol. 92, no. 1, May, pp. 1-34. Chang, Roberto, and Andrés Velasco (1998b) “Financial Crises in Emerging Markets,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 6606, June, at http://www.nber.org. Chang, Roberto, see Céspedes, Luis Felipe. Choueiri, Nada (International Monetary Fund) (2002) “A Model of Contagious Currency Crises with Application to Argentina,” Journal of International Money and Finance, v. 21, no. 3, June 2002, pp. 435-57; also International Monetary Fund Working Paper No. 99/29, March 1999, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/1999/wp9929.pdf. Choueiri, Nada (1999) “Currency Crises and Contagion: The Experience of Argentina,” Ph.D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins University. Choueiri, Nada, and Graciela Kaminsky (professor of economics and international affairs, George Washington University, formerly economist, Federal Reserve Board of Governors) (1999) “Has the Nature of Currency Crises Changed? A Quarter Century of Currency Crises in Argentina,” International Monetary Fund Working Paper No. 99/152, November, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/1999/wp99152.pdf. *Cibils, Alan B., Mark Weisbrot, and Debayani Kar (all Center for Economic Policy Research, but Cibils is apparently in Argentina) (2002) “Argentina Since Default: The IMF and the Depression,” briefing paper, Center for Economic Policy Research, Washington, September 3, http://www.cepr.net/Argentina.%20PDF.PDF. Cibils, Alan B., see Weisbrot, Mark Cline, William R. (senior fellow, Institute for International Economics, formerly chief economist, Institute for International Finance) (1992) “Argentina: Socioeconomic Report,” unpublished paper, Inter-American Development Bank.

10 Cline, William R. (1995a) “Mexico Too Leveraged to Set Up Monetary Board,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, February 28, p. 16. Cline, William R. (1995b) “Managing International Debt: How One Big Battle Was Won,” Economist, February 18, p. 17. Cline, William R. (1995c) “Comment on Chapters 11 and 12,” pp. 408-12 in Rudiger Dornbusch and Sebastian Edwards, editors, Reform, Recovery, and Growth: Latin America and the Middle East, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Cline, William R. (1995d) “Argentina: Economic Reform and Growth in the 1990s,” EXIM Review (Export-Import Bank of Japan), v. 14, no. 2, pp. 1-116. [Cline, William R.] (1999) “U.S. Economist Views Dollar Zone as Inadequate Solution,” The News (Mexico City), January 24, no page number in Nexis. *Cline, William R. (2003) “Restoring Economic Growth in Argentina,” World Bank Policy Working Paper No. N.9/03, June, http://www- wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/03/08/000012009_20040308 154202/Rendered/PDF/28118.pdf. Cline, William R., see Bergsten, C. Fred. *Cohen, Benjamin J[erry] (professor of international political economy, University of California- Santa Barbara) (2004) The Future of Money, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Colander, David C. (professor or economics, Middlebury College) (2004) Economics, 5th edition, Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Collyns, Charles, and G. Russell Kincaid, editors (both International Monetary Fund) (2003) Managing Financial Crises: Recent Experience and Lessons for Latin America, International Monetary Fund Occasional Paper No. 217, Washington: International Monetary Fund, chapter 1 at http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/nft/op/217/index.htm. Connolly, Michael B. (professor of economics, University of Miami) (1995) “The Uses of a Currency Board: Argentina, April 1, 1991 to the Present,” Economic Notes, v. 24, no. 3, pp. 639-54. [Corden, W. Max] (professorial fellow in economics, University of Melbourne, Australia, formerly [at the time of the writings listed here] professor of international economics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies) (1993) “Stories of High Inflation and Stabilization: Argentina,” pp. 185-92 in by I. M. D. Little, Richard Cooper, W. Max Corden and Sarath Rajapatirana, Boom, Crisis, and Adjustment: The Macroeconomic Experience of Developing Countries, New York: Oxford University Press for the World Bank. Corden, W. Max (1994) Economic Policy, Exchange Rates, and the International System, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Corden, W. Max (2000) “Exchange Rate Regimes and Policies: An Overview,” pp. 23-42 in Carol Wise and Riordan Roett, editors, Exchange Rate Politics in Latin America, Washington: Brookings Institution Press. Corden, W. Max (2001) “Regimes e politicas cambais: um visão geral.” Revista de Economia Politica / Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, v. 12, no. 3, July-September, pp. 103-20. *Corden, W. Max (2002) Too Sensational: On the Choice of Exchange Rate Regimes, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Council of Economic Advisers (1999) Economic Report of the President Transmitted to the Congress February 1999, together with the Annual Report of the Council of Economic

11 Advisers, Washington: Government Printing Office, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/fy00/pdf/1999_erp.pdf. Council on Foreign Relations (1999) “Safeguarding Prosperity in a Global Financial System: The Future International Architecture,” report of a task force headed by Morris Goldstein, Carla A. Hills, and Peter G. Peterson, http://www.cfr.org/pub3233/peter_g_peterson_carla_a_hills_morris_goldstein/safeguarding_ prosperity_in_a_global_financial_system_the_future_international_financial_architecture.ph p. Currie, David, Christopher Huhne, Will Hutton, Peter [B.] Kenen (professor of economics and international finance, Princeton University, apparently the only U.S. economist), Richard Layard, and Adair Turner (2002) “Economists Can Indeed ‘Conclude Otherwise” on the Euro,” Financial Times, London edition, November 29, p. 22. Dam, Kenneth W. (professor emeritus of American and foreign law, University of Chicago, formerly [August 2001-2003] deputy secretary, U.S. Treasury) (2001) Rules of the Global Game: A New Look at US International Economic Policymaking, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Daniels, Joseph P. (associate professor of economics, Marquette University), and David D. VanHoose (professor of economics, Baylor University) (2002) International Monetary and Financial Economics, 2nd edition, Cincinnati: South-Western/Thompson Learning. *Daseking, Christina, Atish R. Ghosh, Alun H. Thomas, and Timothy D. Lane (all International Monetary Fund) (2004) Lessons from the Crisis in Argentina, International Monetary Fund Occasional Paper No. 236. Washington: International Monetary Fund. (Actual publication seems to have occurred in February 2005. IMF 2003b was an earlier version.) (William) Davidson Institute, University of Michigan, Symposium on the Argentine Crisis, October 22, http://www.wdi.bus.umich.edu/events/argentine%20crisis.htm via the Internet Archive, http://www.archive.org. Dean, James W. Dean (professor of international businesss, Western Washington University and professor of economics and international finance, Simon Fraser University, Canada) (2003) “Should Latin America’s Common-Law Marriage to the U.S. Dollar Be Legalized? Should Canada’s?,” pp. 365-74 in Dominick Salvatore, James W. Dean, and Thomas D. Willett, editors, The Dollarization Debate, New York: Oxford University Press. Dean, James W., see Salvatore, Dominick. *de la Torre, Augusto (World Bank), Eduardo Levy Yeyati (Universidad Tocuatro di Tella, Argentina), and Sergio L. Schmukler (Development Research Group, World Bank) (2003) “Living and Dying with Hard Pegs: The Rise and Fall of Argentina’s Currency Board,” World Bank Working Paper 2980, January 15, http://wdsbeta.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2003/03/29/000 094946_03031804031840/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf published in Economía: Journal of the Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association, Spring, v. 3, no. 2, pp. 43-99, http://www.worldbank.org/research/bios/schmuklerpdfs/Economia-DelaTorre-LevyYeyati- Schmukler.pdf, and as chapter 11 in Volbert Alexander, George M. von Furstenberg, and Jacques Mélitz, editors, Monetary Unions and Hard Pegs Effects on Trade Financial Development and Stability, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. An earlier version of this paper was “Beyond the Bipolar View: The Rise and Fall of Argentina’s Currency Board,” paper presented at National Bureau of Economic Research conference on Argentina, July 17, 2002, at http://www.nber.org/~confer/2002/argentina02/argentina_bg.html.

12 della Paolera, Gerardo (American University of Paris), and Alan M. Taylor (professor of economics, University of California-Davis) (2001) Straining at the Anchor: The Argentine Currency Board and the Search for Macroeconomic Stability 1880-1935, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Della Paolera and Taylor have also written a series of working papers for the National Bureau of Economic Research on Argentina’s financial and monetary history, but do not discuss the convertibility period to any great extent.) DeLong, J. Bradford (professor of economics, University of California-Berkeley, formerly [1993-1995] deputy assistant secretary for economic policy, U.S. Treasury) (2002a) “Mark- My-Beliefs-to-Market Time,” Web log, June 26, http://www.j-bradford- delong.net/movable_type/archives/000433.html. DeLong, J. Bradford (2002b) “Neo-Liberalism’s Argentine Failure,” Korea Herald, October 19. A similar article is “Argentina’s Collapse,” October 6, Web log, http://www.j-bradford- delong.net/movable_type/archives/000955.html. DeLong, J. Bradford (2002c) Macroeconomics, Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. DeLong, J. Bradford (2005), several posts commenting on Blustein (2005), dated March 9, Web log, http://www.j-bradford-delong.net. DeRosa, David F. (1998a) (president, DeRosa Research and Trading, and adjunct professor of finance, Yale University) “How the Hong Kong Dollar Peg Works,” TheStreet.com Web site, January 16. DeRosa, David F. (1998b) “More Reasons to Dislike Indonesia’s Currency Board Concept,” TheStreet.com Web site, February 13. DeRosa, David F. (1999) “Argentine Central Banker Wants to Switch to U.S. Dollar,” Hamilton Spectator (Ontario), January 23, p. D14. DeRosa, David F. (2001a) In Defense of Free Capital Markets: The Case Against a New International Financial Architecture, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. (DeRosa may also have written other opinion columns that are not on Nexis.) DeRosa, David F. (2001b) “Cavallo Outwits Buenos Aires,” Calgary Herald, August 12, p. C2. DeRosa, David F. (2001c) “Memo to Argentina: Dollarize or Die,” Newsweek, Atlantic edition, December 17, p. 45. DeRosa, David F. (2001d) “Departed President Falls Victim to Superman Minister Myth,” Calgary Herald, December 23, p. F5. DeRosa, David F. (2001e) “New Currency Not a Saviour: Argentina’s Problems Could Worsen Through President’s Plan,” The Gazette (Montreal), December 27, p. C5. DeRosa, David F. (2002) “Argentina Masters the Art of Creative Borrowing,” Calgary Herald, July 29, p. D9. *Desai, Padma (professor of comparative economic systems, Columbia University) (2002) Financial Crisis, Contagion, and Containment: From Asia to Argentina, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Desai, Padma (2005, forthcoming) “Explorations in Light of Financial Turbulence from Asia to Argentina,” in David Dollar and Ernesto Zedillo, editors, The Future of Globalization: Explorations in Light of Recent Turbulence, New Haven: Yale University Press. Desai, Padma, and Pritha Mitra (graduate student in economics, Columbia University) (2004) “Why Do Some Countries Recover More Readily from Financial Crises?,” paper presented at International Monetary Fund festschrift in honor of Guillermo Calvo, April 15-16, http://www.imf.org/external/np/res/seminars/2004/calvo/pdf/desai.pdf.

13 Díaz Bonilla, Carolina, Eugenio Díaz Bonilla, Valeria Piñiero, and Sherman Robinson (all Institute for Food Policy Research; Eugenio Díaz Bonilla was formerly at the Inter-American Development Bank and is of Argentine origin) (2004) “Argentina: The Convertibility Plan, Trade Openness, Poverty and Inequality,” typescript, http://www.undp.org/rblac/finaldrafts/eng/Chapter4.pdf, Spanish version http://www.undp.org/rblac/finaldrafts/sp/Capitulo4.pdf, forthcoming in Enrique Ganuza, Samuel Morley, Sherman Robinson and Rob Vos, Quien se beneficia del libre comercio? promoción de exportaciones en America Latina y el Caribe en los 90, New York?: United Nations Development Programme. Díaz Bonilla, Eugenio, and Hector E. Schamis (adjunct assistant professor of Latin American studies, Georgetown University) (1999) “From Redistribution to Stability: The Evolution of Exchange Rate Policies in Argentina, 1950-98,” pp. 65-118 in Jeffrey Frieden and Ernesto Stein, editors, The Currency Game: Exchange Rate Politics in Latin America, Washington: Inter-American Development Bank; also as “The Political Economy of Exchange Rate Policies in Argentina, 1950-98,” Inter-American Development Bank Working Paper No. R- 379, April, http://www.iadb.org/res/publications/pubfiles/pubR-379.pdf. Díaz Bonilla, Eugenio, see Díaz Bonilla, Carolina. *Dominguez, Kathryn M. E. (professor of public policy and economics University of Michigan) and Linda Tesar (professor of economics, University of Michigan) (2005) “International Borrowing and Macroeconomic Performance in Argentina,” National Bureau of Economic Research conference paper, February 15. Dominguez, Kathryn M. E. see Auguste, Sebastian. Dooley, Michael P. (professor of economics, University of California-Santa Cruz, formerly assistant division chief, International Monetary Fund), see Caprio, Jr., Gerard. [Dornbusch, Rudiger] (died July 2002, formerly professor of economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (1992) “Devaluation Talk Dismissed,” Latin America Weekly Report, May 28, 1992, p. 6. Dornbusch, Rudiger (1995) “Progress Report on Argentina,” pp. 223-38 in Rudiger Dornbusch and Sebastian Edwards, editors, Reform, Recovery, and Growth: Latin America and the Middle East, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Dornbusch, Rudiger (1996) “Containing High Inflation,” typescript, Summer, http://web.mit.edu/rudi/www/media/PDFs/inf.pdf. Dornbusch, Rudiger (1997) “Argentina’s Monetary Policy Lesson for Mexico,” Wall Street Journal, February 28, p. A15. Dornbusch, Rudiger (1998) “After Asia: New Directions for the International Financial System,” typescript, http://web.mit.edu/rudi/www/media/PDFs/afterasia.pdf. Dornbusch, Rudiger (1999) “Emerging Market Crises: Origins and Remedies,” typescript, July, http://web.mit.edu/rudi/www/media/PDFs/imf-imf99.PDF. Dornbusch, Rudiger (2000a) “Argentina’s Monetary Lessons for Mexico,” in Rudiger Dornbusch, Keys to Prosperity: Free Markets, Sound Money, and a Bit of Luck, pp. 289-92, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Dornbusch, Rudiger (2000b) “Argentina’s Plight,” typescript, October, http://web.mit.edu/rudi/www/media/PDFs/argentinasplight.pdf. Dornbusch, Rudiger (2001a) “Fewer Monies, Better Monies,” Wirtschaftspolitische Blatter, v. 48, no. 5, 2001, pp. 532-48, and American Economic Review, v. 91, no. 2, May 2001, pp.

14 238-42, as part of the panel “Exchange Rates and the Choice of Monetary-Policy Regimes”; a draft of December 2000 is at http://web.mit.edu/rudi/www/media/PDFs/FewerMonies.pdf. Dornbusch, Rudiger (2001a) “Argentina at the End of the Rope,” typescript, April, http://web.mit.edu/rudi/www/media/PDFs/argentinaend.pdf. Dornbusch, Rudiger (2001b) “All Risk and No Reward in Latin America,” Financial Times, London edition, July 11, p. 19; a similar article is at http://web.mit.edu/rudi/www/media/PDFs/NoUpsideforLatinAmerica.pdf. Dornbusch, Rudiger (2001c) “The Last Tango,” typescript, August, http://web.mit.edu/rudi/www/media/PDFs/TheLastTango.pdf. Dornbusch, Rudiger (2002a) “Argentina: Over the Cliff and on the Rocks,” typescript, January, http://web.mit.edu/rudi/www/media/PDFs/Argentinaoverthecliff.pdf. [Dornbusch, Rudiger] (2002b) “Dornbusch on Global Economy, Russia, Argentina, and Much More,” interview with Prakash Loungani, IMF Survey, v. 31, no. 6, March 25, pp. 93-5, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/2002/032502.pdf. Dornbusch, Rudiger, Stanley Fischer (governor, Bank of Israel, formerly vice chairman, Citigroup; also [1994-August 2001] first deputy managing director and later acting managing director, and still later [September 2001-January 2002] special advisor to the managing director, International Monetary Fund; also formerly chief economist, World Bank, and professor of economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology), and Richard Startz (professor of economics, University of Washington) (2004) Macroeconomics, 9th edition, Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Dornbusch, Rudiger, see Caballero, Ricardo J. †Economist (1994) “Creating Credibility,” July 2, p. 76. (That publication’s first mention of Argentina as a currency board.) Edwards, Sebastian (professor of international economics, University of California-Los Angeles, formerly [1993-1996] chief economist for Latin America and Caribbean, World Bank) (1993) “Stabilization and Currency Boards in the Context of Specific Countries: Argentina and Peru: Comments,” pp. 70-1 in Nissan Liviatan, editor, Proceedings of a Conference on Currency Substitution and Currency Boards, World Bank Discussion Papers No. 207, Washington: World Bank. Edwards, Sebastian (1995) Crisis and Reform in Latin America: From Despair to Hope, New York: Oxford University Press. Edwards, Sebastian (1996) “More IMF Austerity Won’t Cure What Ails Argentina,” Wall Street Journal, August 30, p. A9. Edwards, Sebastian (1998a) “How About a Single Currency for Mercosur?,” Wall Street Journal, August 28, p. A11. Edwards, Sebastian (1998b) “Barking Up the Wrong Tree,” Financial Times, London edition, October 7, p. 18. [Edwards, Sebastian] (1999a) “LatAm Financial Chiefs Agree to Differ on Exchange Rate Systems,” Agence France Press newswire, March 13. [Edwards, Sebastian] (1999b) “UCLA’s Edwards on Argentina’s Outlook, Dollarization,” by Jim Christie, Investors Business Daily, June 4, p. A4. Edwards, Sebastian (1999c) “The IMF Is Panama’s Lender of First Resort,” Wall Street Journal, September 24, p. A15.

15 [Edwards, Sebastian] (2001) “Para la Argentina, el nuevo plan económico es ‘la major de las alternativas,” by Norberto Malatesta, La Nación, November 4, at http://www.lanacion.com.ar. Edwards, Sebastian (2002a) “This Argentine Scheme,” Financial Times, U.S. edition, January 21, p. 11. Edwards, Sebastian (2002b) “A Simple Answer for Argentina: Follow Chile’s Example,” Wall Street Journal, January 25, p. A19. Edwards, Sebastian (2002c) “Argentina Doesn’t Need the IMF,” Wall Street Journal, May 28, p. A18. Edwards, Sebastian (2002d) Comments in National Bureau of Economic Research (2002b). *Edwards, Sebastian (2002e) “The Great Exchange Rate Debate After Argentina,” North American Journal of Economics and Finance, v. 13, no. 3, December, pp. 237-52, http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/faculty/sebastian.edwards/Debate.pdf; an earlier version appeared as National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 9257, October, at http://www.nber.org. Edwards, Sebastian (2003a) “No sirve la retórica anti FMI,” Clarín, September 4, at http://www.clarin.com. Edwards, Sebastian (2003b) “Exchange Rate Regimes, Capital Flows, and Crisis Prevention,” pp. 31-78 in Martin S. Feldstein, editor, Economic and Financial Crises in Emerging Market Economies, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Edwards, Sebastian, and Shahid Javed Burki (head of EMP-Financial Advisers, formerly vice president for Latin America and Caribbean, World Bank) (1995) Latin America After Mexico: Quickening the Pace, Washington: World Bank. Edwards, Sebastian, and Jeffrey A. Frankel (professor of capital formation and growth, Harvard University, formerly [1997-1999] member of Council of Economic Advisers) (2002) “Introduction,” pp. 1f. in Sebastian Edwards and Jeffrey A. Frankel, editors, Preventing Currency Crises in Emerging Markets. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Edwards, Sebastian, and Miguel A. Savastano (International Monetary Fund) (1999) “Exchange Rates in Emerging Economies: What Do We Know? What Do We Need to Know?,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 7228, July, at http://www.nber.org. Edwards, Sebastian, and Raul Susmel (professor of finance, University of Houston) (2003) “Interest-Rate Volatility in Emerging Markets,” Review of Economics and Statstics, v. 85, no. 2, May, pp. 328-48. Eichengreen, Barry J. (professor of economics and political science, University of California- Berkeley, formerly [1997-1998] senior policy adviser, International Monetary Fund) (1994) International Monetary Arrangements for the 21st Century. Washington: Brookings Institution Press. Eichengreen, Barry J. (1997) “International Monetary Arrangements: Is There a Monetary Union in Asia’s Future?,” Brookings Review, v. 15, no. 2, Spring, pp. 33-5, http://www.brookings.org/press/review/spring97/eichengreen.htm. Eichengreen, Barry J. (1998) “Exchange Rate Stability and Financial Stability,” Open Economies Review, v. 9, special issue 1, pp. 569-607. *Eichengreen, Barry J. (2001a) “Argentina After the IMF,” typescript, University of California- Berkeley, August 27, http://emlab.berkeley.edu/users/eichengr/reviews/argentina.pdf.

16 [Eichengreen, Barry J.] (2001b) “Thinking the Unthinkable,” by Joshua Goodman, Business Week, November 19, 2001, p. 58. Eichengreen, Barry J. (2002a) “When to Dollarize,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, v. 34, no. 1, February, pp. 1-24. Eichengreen, Barry J. (2002b) Financial Crises and What to Do About Them, New York: Oxford University Press. Eichengreen, Barry J. (2003) “Les crises récentes en Turquie et en Argentine sont-elles les dernières d’une éspèce en voie de disparition?,” Revue d’Économie Financière, no. 70, no. 1, pp. 51-64. Eichengreen, Barry J. (2003b) Capital Flows and Crises, Cambridge, Massachusetts : MIT Press. Eichengreen, Barry J., Paul R[obert] Masson (senior fellow, Brooking Institution, formerly senior adviser, International Monetary Fund), and others (1998) Exit Strategies: Policy Option for Countries Seeking Greater Exchange Rate Flexibility International Monetary Fund Occasional Paper No. 168, Washington: International Monetary Fund. Eichengreen, Barry J., Paul [Robert] Masson (senior fellow, Brooking Institution, formerly senior adviser, International Monetary Fund), Miguel Savastano (International Monetary Fund), and Sunil Sharma (IMF Institute) (1999) Transition Strategies and Nominal Anchors on the Road to Greater Exchange Rate Flexibility, Princeton Essays in International Finance No. 213, Princeton, New Jersey: International Economics Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University. Enoch, Charles and Anne-Marie Gulde (both International Monetary Fund) (1997) “Making a Currency Board Operational,” International Monetary Fund Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment 97/10, November. Enoch, Charles and Anne-Marie Gulde (1998) “Are Currency Boards a Cure for All Monetary Problems?,” Finance and Development, v. 35, no. 4, December, pp. 40-3, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1998/12/pdf/enoch.pdf. Fatas, Antonio (INSEAD, France), and Andrew K. Rose (professor of economic analysis and policy, University of California-Berkeley) (2002) “Do Monetary Handcuffs Restrain Leviathan? Fiscal Policy in Extreme Exchange Rate Regimes,” International Monetary Fund Staff Papers, v. 47, special issue, pp. 40-61, http://www.imf.org/External/Pubs/FT/staffp/2000/00-00/fr.pdf. Feldman, David H. (professor of economics, College of William and Mary) (1999) “Get Ready for Debate on Dollarization,” Richmond Times-Dispatch, June 28, p. A-9, http://dhfeld.people.wm.edu/DOLLAR2.htm. Feldman, David H. (2001a) “Dollar Can Help Latin America, But Not Cure All,” Baltimore Sun, April 20, p. 17A. Feldman, David H. (2001b) “U.S. Can Help Argentina Stabilize Its Economy,” Houston Chronicle, August 21, http://dhfeld.people.wm.edu/Argentina.html. Feldman, David H. (2002a) “Argentina’s Responsibility in the Current Fiscal Crisis,” Norfolk Virignian-Pilot, February 9, http://dhfeld.people.wm.edu/Argentina%27sResponsibility.htm. Feldman, David H. (2002b) “Worthless Money: Dollarizing Afghanistan,” Asian Wall Street Journal, May 20, p. A9. [Feldstein, Martin S.] (professor of economics, Harvard University, formerly chairman, Council of Economic Advisers) (1992) “Devaluation Talk Dismissed,” Latin America Weekly Report, May 28, 1992, p. 6.

17 Feldstein, Martin S. (1999) “A Self-Help Guide for Emerging Markets,” Foreign Affairs, v. 78, no. 2, March/April, pp. 93-109. *Feldstein, Martin S. (2002a) “Argentina’s Fall—Lessons from the Latest Financial Crisis,” Foreign Affairs, v. 81, no. 2, March/April, pp. 8-14, http://www.nber.org/feldstein/argentina.pdf. Feldstein, Martin S. (2002b) “Argentina Doesn’t Need the IMF,” Wall Street Journal, May 28, p. A18, http://www.nber.org/feldstein/wj052802.html. Feldstein, Martin S. (2002c) “Keeping Argentina Afloat,” letter to the editor, Foreign Affairs, July/August, p. 184. [Feldstein, Martin S.] (2002d) “Surveying the Global Economy: A Conversation with Carla Hills and Martin Feldstein,” The National Interest, no. 69, Fall, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2751/is_2002_Fall/ai_92042421. Feldstein, Martin S. (2003) “Economic and Financial Crises in Emerging Market Economies: An Overview of Prevention and Management,” pp. 1-29 in Martin S. Feldstein, editor, Economic and Financial Crises in Emerging Market Economies, Chicago: University of Chicago Press; an earlier version appeared as “Financial and Currency Crises in Emerging Market Economies: Overview of Prevention and Management,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 8837, March 2002, at http://www.nber.org. Felix, David (professor emeritus of economics, Washington University, St. Louis) (1995) “Comment on Michael B. Connolly’s Paper: ‘The Uses of a Currency Board: Argentina, April 1, 1991 to the Present,’” Economic Notes, v. 24, no. 3, pp. 655-60. Felix, David (2002) “After the Fall: The Argentine Crisis and Repercussions,” pp. 73-81 in Carl A. Cira and Elisa N. Gallo, editors, Dollarization and Latin America: Quick Cure or Bad Medicine?, Miami: Latin American and Caribbean Center, Florida International University. Fernández, Raquel (professor of economics, New York University), and Jonathan Portes (NERA Economic Consulting) (2001) “Argentina’s Senseless Sacrifice,” Financial Times, U.S. edition, December 19, p. 17. †Fidler, Stephen (Latin America editor for Financial Times in 1992) (1992) “Survey of Argentina,” Financial Times, May 14, p. 32. Fischer, Stanley (governor, Bank of Israel, formerly vice chairman, Citigroup, also [1994-August 2001] first deputy managing director and later acting managing director, and still later [September 2001-January 2002] special advisor to the managing director, International Monetary Fund; also formerly chief economist, World Bank, and professor of economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (2000) “Press Conference by Stanley Fischer, IMF Acting Managing Director,” April 13, http://www.imf.org/external/np/tr/2000/tr000413.htm. Fischer, Stanley (2001a) “Exchange Rate Regimes: Is the Bipolar View Correct?,” speech at the meetings of the American Economic Association, New Orleans, January 6, http://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2001/010601a.htm; published as “Distinguished Lecture on Economics and Government—Exchange Rate Regimes: Is the Bipolar View Correct?,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 15, no. 2, Spring, pp. 3-24. [Fischer, Stanley] (2001b) “IMF Praises Argentina’s Currency Peg,” Agence France Presse newswire, January 26, 2001. Fischer, Stanley (2001c) “Remarks to the Argentine Bankers Association,” June 25, http://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2001/062501.htm. Also appeared as “Argentina Needs to Continue Fiscal and Structural Reforms, Fischer Advises,” IMF Survey, v. 30, no. 13, July 2, 2001, pp. 213-15, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/2001/070201.pdf.

18 [Fischer, Stanley] (2001d) untitled news summary, Latin America Weekly Report, July 3, 2001, p. 302. Fischer, Stanley (2003a) “Financial Crises and Reform of the International Financial System,” Review of World Economics / Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, v. 139, no. 1, pp. 1-37; also National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 9297, October 2002, at http://www.nber.org. [Fischer, Stanley] (2003b) “Icon: Stanley Fischer,” Latin Finance, July, p. 44. Fischer, Stanley (2003c) “Financial Crises and Reform of the International Financial System,” Review of World Economics / Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, v. 139, no. 1, pp. 1-37. Fischer, Stanley (2004) IMF Essays from a Time of Crisis: The International Financial System, Stabilization, and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. (Reprints some of the material listed above.) Fischer, Stanley, see Dornbusch, Rudiger. Flood, Robert P. (Research Department, International Monetary Fund) and Andrew K. Rose (professor of economic analysis and policy, University of California-Berkeley) (1995) “Fixing Exchange Rates: A Virtual Quest for Fundamentals,” Journal of Monetary Economics, v. 36, pp. 3-37. Forbes, Kristin I. (associate professor of international management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, formerly [November 2003-June 2005] member, Council of Economic Advisers, and [2001-2002] deputy assistant secretary for quantitative policy analysis, Latin America, and Caribbean nations, U.S. Treasury) (2002) Comments in National Bureau of Economic Research (2002b). Forbes, Kristin I. (2005) “Argentina’s Latest Tango,” remarks at World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland, January 27, http://www.whitehouse.gov/cea/argentina-wef-comments- 20050127.html. Frankel, Jeffrey A. (1999a) (professor of capital formation and growth, Harvard University, formerly [1997-1999] member of Council of Economic Advisers) “No Single Currency Regime is Right for All Countries at All Times,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 7338, September, at http://www.nber.org; published in slightly revised form as Princeton Essays in International Finance No. 215, Princeton, New Jersey: International Economics Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University, http://www.princeton.edu/~ies/IES_Essays/E215.pdf. (The paper also formed the basis of Frankel [1999b].) Frankel, Jeffrey A. (1999b) Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Banking and Financial Services, Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy, Hearing on “International Finance Issues,” May 21. [Frankel, Jeffrey A.] (1999c) Remarks in “Dollarization: Fad or Future for Latin America,” transcript, International Monetary Fund Economic Forum, June 24, http://www.imf.org/external/np/tr/1999/tr990503.htm. Frankel, Jeffrey A. (2002) Remarks in Robert A. Mundell and Paul J. Zak, editors, Monetary Stability and Economic Growth: A Dialog Between Leading Economists, Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar. Frankel, Jeffrey A. (2003a) “A Crude Peg for the Iraqi Dinar,” Financial Times, June 13, p. 13. Frankel, Jeffrey A. (2003b) “Experience of and Lessons from Exchange Rate Regimes in Emerging Economies,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 10032, October, at http://www.nber.org; published in Asian Development Bank, Monetary and

19 Financial Integration in East Asia: The Way Ahead, pp. 91-138, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Frankel, Jeffrey A., and Andrew K. Rose (professor of economic analysis and policy, University of California-Berkeley) (2002) “An Estimate of the Effect of Common Currencies on Trade and Income,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, v. 117, no. 2, May, pp. 437-66. Frankel, Jeffrey A. (2004) “Transcript of an IMF Economic Forum: Contractionary Currency Crashes in Developing Countries; The Mundell-Fleming Lecture, IMF Annual Research Conference,” November 5, http://www.imf.org/external/np/tr/2004/tr041105.htm. Frankel, Jeffrey A., and Shang-Jin Wei (International Monetary Fund) (2004) “Managing Macroeconomic Crises,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 10907, November. Frankel, Jeffrey A., see Caves, Richard E.; Edwards, Sebastian. Friedman, Milton (1998a) (senior research fellow, Hoover Institution, formerly professor of economics, University of Chicago; Nobel Memorial Prize winner) “Markets to the Rescue,” Wall Street Journal, October 13, p. A22. Similar to Friedman (1998b). Friedman, Milton (1998b) “A Primer on Exchange Rates,” Forbes, November 2, p. 53; also published with slight modifications as “Clear Lessons to Be Learnt from the East Asian Episode,” The Times, London, October 12, Business section. Friedman, Milton (1999a) “Beware the Funny Money,” by Peter Brimelow (interview), Forbes, May 3, pp. 138f. Friedman, Milton (1999b) “How Asia Fell,” Hoover Digest, No. 2, http://www.hooverdigest.org/992/friedman3.html. [Friedman, Milton] (2001) “So, What’s New?,” by Owen Ullmann (interview), International Economy, v. 15, no. 2, Spring, pp. 14f. [Friedman, Milton, and Robert Mundell (professor of economics, Columbia University, Nobel Memorial Prize winner)] (2000) “Friedman v. Mundell on Exchange Rates,” National Post (Toronto), December 11, p. C12. Froyen, Richard T. (professor of economics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (2002) Macroeconomics: Theories and Policies, 7th edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Gaddy, Clifford (senior fellow, Brookings Institution and visiting professor of economics, Johns Hopkins University), see Graham, Carol. Gale, Douglas (professor of economics, New York University), and Xavier Vives (INSEAD, France) (2002) “Dollarization, Bailouts, and the Stability of the Banking System,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, v. 117 no. 2, May, pp. 467-502. Galindo, Arturo J. (World Bank?), and Alejandro Izquierdo (Inter-American Development Bank, Argentine origin) (2003) “Sudden Stops and Exchange Rate Strategies in Latin America,” Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department working paper 484, February, http://www.iadb.org/res/publications/pubfiles/pubWP-484.pdf. †Gallo, Alejandra (reporter, Clarín, Buenos Aires) (2002) “Los ‘notables’ rechazan de plano la dolarización,” Clarín, July 24, at http://www.clarin.com. Gallo, Andrés (professor of economics, University of North Florida, Argentine origin), see Alston, Lee J.; Baer, Werner. Ganapolsky, Eduardo J. J., and Sergio L. Schmukler (both World Bank) (2001) “Crisis Management in Capital Markets: The Impact of Argentine Policy During the Tequila Crisis,” in Shantayanan Devajaran, F. Halsey Rogers, and Lyn Squire, editors, World Bank

20 Economists’ Forum, v. 1, pp. 3-30, at http://econ.worldbank.org/files/2551_EF_chap1.pdf via the Internet Archive, http://www.archive.org. Gavin, Michael K. (managing director for emerging markets research, UBS Warburg, formerly chief Latin American research economist, Inter-American Development Bank) (2000) Prepared testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Banking and Financial Services, Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy, Hearing on “Monetary Stability in Latin America: Is Dollarization the Answer?,” June 22. Gavin, Michael K. (2002) Remarks in “What’s Next for Argentina?,” Cato Institute policy forum, February 8, http://www.cato.org/events/transcripts/020208et.pdf. Gavin, Michael K. (2003) Remarks in “Comments and Discussion on the Argentine Papers,” p. 117 in Susan M. Collins and Dani Rodrik, editors, Brookings Trade Forum 2002, Washington: Brooking Institution Press. Gavin, Michael K., see Hausmann, Ricardo. Gelpern, Anna (Institute for International Economics, formerly [1996-2002] U.S. Treasury; a lawyer by training), and Brad Setser (Oxford University, formerly [1997-2001] U.S. Treasury, including acting director, Office of International Monetary and Financial Policy) (2004) “Domestic and External Debt: The Doomed Quest for Equal Treatment,” Georgetown Journal of International Law, v. 35, no. 4, pp. 795-814, http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/gelpern0505.pdf. (Although dated 2004, this paper was apparently not published until 2005) Ghironi, Fabio (assistant professor of economics, Boston College), and Alessandro Rebucci (Research Department, International Monetary Fund) (2002) “Monetary Rules for Emerging Market Economies,” International Monetary Fund Working Paper 02/34, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2002/wp0234.pdf. Ghosh, Atish R. (senior economist, International Monetary Fund), Anne-Marie Gulde (International Monetary Fund), and Holger C. Wolf (associate professor of foreign service, Georgetown University, formerly World Bank) (2000) “Currency Boards: More Than a Quick Fix?,” Economic Policy, no. 31, October, pp. 269-355; an earlier version was “Currency Boards: The Ultimate Fix?,” International Monetary Fund Working Paper No. 98/08, January 1998, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/wp9808.pdf. Ghosh, Atish R., Anne-Marie Gulde, and Holger C. Wolf (2002) Exchange Rate Regimes: Choices and Consequences, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Ghosh, Atish [R.], Timothy Lane, Marianne Schulze-Ghattas, Ales Bulír, Javier Hamann, and Alex Mourmouras (all International Monetary Fund) (2002) IMF- Supported Programs in Capital Account Crises, International Monetary Fund Occasional Paper No. 210, Washington: International Monetary Fund. Ghosh, Atish R., see Daseking, Christina. Goldstein, Morris (senior fellow, Institute for International Economics, formerly [1987-1994] deputy director of Research Department, International Monetary Fund) (2000) “Argentina Unveils a Financial Rescue,” by Anthony Faiola and Steven Pearlstein, Washington Post, December 19, p. E1. [Goldstein, Morris] (2001a) “Cavallo’s High-Stakes Confidence Game,” by James Smalhout, Euromoney, May 2001, pp. 10-12. Goldstein, Morris (2001b) “No More for Argentina,” Financial Times, August 17, http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/goldstein0901.htm.

21 [Goldstein, Morris] (2001c) “Argentine Crisis Hits Hard,” by anonymous author, Corporate Finance, September 2001, pp. 40-1. Goldstein, Morris (2002a) Managed Floating Plus, Washington: Institute for International Economics, http://www.iie.com/publications/chapters_preview/342/5iie3365.pdf. [Goldstein, Morris] (2002b) “Bush Team Tough on Argentina Reforms,” by Martin Crutsinger, AP Online, 3 January 2002. Goldstein, Morris (2002c) Remarks in Bretton Woods Committee (2002). Goldstein, Morris (2003) “Lessons from Currency Crises,” pp. 173-82 in Susan M. Collins and Dani Rodrik, editors, Brookings Trade Forum 2002, Washington: Brooking Institution Press. Goldstein, Morris, see Council on Foreign Relations (1999), which he influenced. [Graham, Carol] (senior fellow, Brookings Institution, formerly special advisor to the deputy managing director, International Monetary Fund) (2001) Public Broadcasting Service, “NewsHour with Jim Lehrer,” interview with Jim Lehrer, 21 December 2001. Graham, Carol, and Clifford Gaddy (senior fellow, Brookings Institution and visiting professor of economics, Johns Hopkins University) (2002a) “Why Argentina ’02 Is Not Russia ’98,” The Globalist Web site, February 12, http://www.theglobalist.com/DBWeb/StoryId.aspx?StoryId=2305. Graham, Carol, and Paul Robert Masson (senior fellow, Brooking Institution, formerly senior adviser, International Monetary Fund) (2002) “The IMF’s Dilemma in Argentina: Time for a New Approach to Lending?,” Brookings Institution Policy Brief No. 111, November, http://www.brookings.edu/comm/policybriefs/pb111.pdf. A similar paper was published as “Between Politics and Economics: The IMF and Argentina,” Current History, v. 100, no. 652, February 2003, pp. 72-6. Gruben, William C. (vice president, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas) (1998) “Banking Structures, Market Forces, and Economic Freedom: Lessons from Argentina and Mexico,” Cato Journal, v. 18, no. 2, Fall, pp. 263-74, http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj18n2/cj18n2- 6.pdf. Gruben, William C., Mark A. Wynne, and Carlos E. J. M. Zarazaga (all Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas) (2003) “Implementation Guidelines for Dollarization and Monetary Unions,” pp. 236-303 in Eduardo Levy Yeyati and Federico Sturzenegger, editors, Dollarization: Debates and Policy Alternatives, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Gulde(-Wolf), Anne-Marie (International Monetary Fund), see Enoch, Charles; Ghosh, Atish. Hale, David (principal, Hale Advisers, formerly global chief economist, Zurich Financial Services) (1995) “How to End Mexico’s Meltdown,” Wall Street Journal, January 19, p. A18. Hale, David (1998) “Russia and the Dollar Down Under,” Financial Times, U.S. edition, August 15, p. 7. Hale, David (2001) “How Donald Rumsfeld Can Save Argentina,” Financial Times, London edition, July 18, p. 19. Hale, David (2002a) “The Fall of a Star Pupil,” Financial Times, London edition, January 7, p. 21. Hale, David (2002b) “Why Argentina Failed,” International Economy, v. 16, no. 2, Spring, pp. 22-5. Hallwood, C. Paul (professor of economics, University of Connecticut), and Ronald MacDonald (University of Strathclyde, Scotland) (2000) International Money and Finance, 3rd edition, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

22 Hanke, Steve H. (professor of applied economics, Johns Hopkins University; also president of Toronto Trust Argentina, a mutual fund, for much of the convertibility era and shortly afterwards) (1991) “Argentina Should Abolish Its Central Bank,” Wall Street Journal, October 25, p. A15. (Kurt Schuler also participated in writing this article.) Hanke, Steve H. (1994) “Arbitrage in Argentina,” Forbes, December 19, p. 88. Hanke, Steve H. (1995a) “¿Con la convertibilidad se puede crecer?,” in Banca y Producción, Buenos Aires: Asociación de Bancos de la República Argentina. Hanke, Steve H. (1995b) “Pegged Out,” Forbes, January 16, p. 119. Hanke, Steve H. (1995c) “Critics Err—Mexico Still Needs a Currency Board,” Wall Street Journal, February 22, p. A20. Hanke, Steve H. (1995d) “Argentina’s Currency Board, Misunderstood and Maligned,” International Treasurer, March 20, pp. 1, 8. Hanke, Steve H. (1995e) Prepared Statement Before U.S. Senate, Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Hearing on “The Mexican Peso Crisis,” March 9, Senate Hearing 104-164, Washington: Government Printing Office. Hanke, Steve H. (1995f) “Argentina sobrevivio al efecto tequila gracias a la caja de conversión,” El Universal, Caracas, April 2. Hanke, Steve H. (1995g) “Why Argentina is Solid,” Forbes, May 8, p. 92. Hanke, Steve H. (1995h) “Argentina: The ‘Germany’ of South America?,” Friedberg’s Commodity and Currency Comments, July 19. Also published as “¿Argentina: la ‘Alemania’ de Sudamérica?,” Estudios, July/September 1995, pp. 110-16, and as “Argentina, the Germany of South America?,” in Clifford F. Thies, The Contributions of Murray Rothbard to Monetary Economics, Winchester, Virginia: Durell Institute of Monetary Science at Shenandoah University, 1996. Hanke, Steve H. (1995i) “Un sistema viable,” Negocios, v. 5, no. 50, September. Hanke, Steve H. (1995j) “La productividad en un modelo de convertibilidad,” Los bancos en el mundo, Buenos Aires, September. Hanke, Steve H. (1995k) “Presidente: mantenga la vista en la pelota,” El Cronista Comercial, Buenos Aires, October 20. Hanke, Steve H. (1995l) “El Presidente dejo pasar una excelente oportunidad,” La Nacion, Buenos Aires, October 29. Hanke, Steve H. (1995m) “A Tale of Two Pesos: A Comparison of Currency Policies in Mexico and Argentina,” Heritage Foundation Lecture No. 552, December 12, Washington: Heritage Foundation, http://www.heritage.org/Research/LatinAmerica/HL552.cfm. Hanke, Steve H. (1995n) “A Tale of Two Pesos,” Forbes, December, 18, p. 81. Hanke, Steve H. (1996a) “Argentina and the Tequila Effect,” Central Banking, v. 6, no. 4, Spring, pp. 92f. Also published as “L’Argentine et l’effet téquila,” Rapport moral sur l’argent dans le monde, Paris: Association d’Économie Financière. Hanke, Steve H. (1996b) “Don’t Cry for Me: What Mexico Can Learn from the Recent Argentine Experience,” International Economy, March/April. Hanke, Steve H. (1996c) “Professionalism, Please,” VenEconomy Monthly¸ Caracas, June, pp. 17-20. Hanke, Steve H. (1996d) “Virtue in Argentina,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, August 14, p. 8. Hanke, Steve H. (1997a) “Emerging Bubbles,” Forbes, August 11, p. 143.

23 [Hanke, Steve H.] (1997b) “Reportaje a Steve Hanke, ex asesor de Domingo Cavallo: el gobierno no continua las reformas, y todo es confusión,” by Luis Cortina, La Nación, Buenos Aires, September 21. Hanke, Steve H. (1997c) “Lucha por la convertibilidad,” La Nación, Buenos Aires, October 26. Hanke, Steve H. (1997d) “Exportaciones en problemas,” Clarín, Buenos Aires, October 29. Hanke, Steve H. (1998a) Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Banking and Financial Services, Hearing on “Implications of the Asian Financial Crisis,” January 30. Hanke, Steve H. (1998b) “How to Establish Monetary Stability in Asia,” Cato Journal, v. 17, no. 3, Winter, pp. 295-301, http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj17n3/cj17n3-6.pdf. [Hanke, Steve H.] (1998c) “World Money: An Interview with Steve Hanke,” Forbes, November 16, p. 64. Hanke, Steve H. (1999a) “Some Reflections on Currency Boards,” pp. 341-66 in Mario I. Blejer and Marko Skreb, editors, Central Banking, Monetary Policies, and the Implications for Transition Economies, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Hanke, Steve H. (1999b) “Reflections on Exchange Rate Regimes.” Cato Journal, v. 18, no. 3, Winter, pp. 335-44. Hanke, Steve H. (1999c) “Dollarization for Argentina,” Washington Times, February 16, p. A15. Hanke, Steve H. (1999d) “How to Make the Dollar Argentina’s Currency,” Wall Street Journal, February 19, p. A19. Hanke, Steve H. (1999e) “Three Cheers for Dollarization,” Euromoney, March. [Hanke, Steve H.] (1999f) “Economist Steve Hanke on Curing Global Currency Turmoil,” by Ed Carson, Investors Business Daily, March 12, p. A4. Hanke, Steve H. (1999g) “Dollarize Now,” Forbes, May 3, p. 208. Hanke, Steve H. (1999h) “The Case for Dollarization,” Washington Post, May 27, p. A38. Hanke, Steve H. (1999i) “Dollarization for Argentina,” Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, v. 12, no. 1, Spring, pp. 121-6. Hanke, Steve H. (2000a) “The Disregard for Currency Board Realities,” Cato Journal, v. 20, no. 1, Spring/Summer, pp. 49-59, http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj20n1/cj20n1-7.pdf. Hanke, Steve H. (2000b) “Dollarization,” Comments on Argentine Trade, Buenos Aires, March. Hanke, Steve H. (2000c) “How to Abolish Currency Crises,” Forbes, March 20, p. 145. Hanke, Steve H. (2000d) “The Facts Prove It Does,” National Post (Canada), June 7, p. C19. (Paired with an article by Paul R. Krugman on the same date.) Hanke, Steve H. (2000e) “The Confidence Question,” Forbes, September 18, p. 177. Hanke, Steve H. (2000f) “Fine-Tuning, That Dusty Old Saw, Belongs in the Dustbin,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, December 27, p. 10. Hanke, Steve H. (2001a) “Don’t Cry, Argentina, Just Emulate Austria,” Wall Street Journal, January 12, p. A19. Hanke, Steve H. (2001b) “Argentina is no Turkey,” Wall Street Journal, March 2, p. A11. Hanke, Steve H. (2001c) “The Real Lesson About Peso Risk,” letter to the editor, Financial Times (London), March 27, p. 20. Hanke, Steve H. (2001d) “Acknowledging That Currency Boards Are Not Trouble-Free,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, April 10, p. 14. Hanke, Steve H. (2001e) “Dollarize Argentina” National Post (Canada), April 12, p. C19. Hanke, Steve H. (2001f) “On Peso Property Rights,” Buenos Aires Herald, April 19.

24 Hanke, Steve H. (2001g) “Argentines Are Right to Be Anxious About Peso Proposals,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, April 25, p. 14. Hanke, Steve H. (2001h) “Argentina’s Boom and Bust,” Forbes Global, April 16, http://www.forbes.com/global/2001/0416/025.html. Hanke, Steve H. (2001i) “Dollarize Argentina, Now,” National Post (Canada), July 14, p. C11; also published as “On a Wing and a Bear,” Australian Financial Review, July 16, p. 54. Hanke, Steve H. (2001j) “Stop Financial Panic in Argentina: Now,” Wall Street Journal, July 19, p. A23. Hanke, Steve H. (2001k) “Argentina’s Pseudo Currency Crisis,” Friedberg’s Commodity and Currency Comments, v. 22, no. 3, 31 July, pp. 1-5, at http://www.friedberg.ca. Hanke, Steve H. (2001l) “La convertibilidad y la prensa,” El Cronista Comercial, Buenos Aires, August 31. Hanke, Steve H. (2001m) “An Exit Strategy for Argentina.” Forbes Global, August 20, http://www.forbes.com/global/2001/0820/023.html. Hanke, Steve H. (2001n) “Argentina’s Pseudo Crisis.” Central Banking, v. 12, no. 1, August, p. 64-7. Hanke, Steve H. (2001o) “The Economics of Nirvana,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, August 22, p. 12. Hanke, Steve H. (2001p) “Short-Changing Dollarisation,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, October 17, p. 14. Hanke, Steve H. (2001q) “The Hoodwinkers,” Forbes, November 26, p. 116. Hanke, Steve H. (2001r) “Who’s Killing the Peso in Buenos Aires?,” Wall Street Journal, November 30, p. A15. Hanke, Steve H. (2001s) “Argentine Endgame: Couple Dollarization with Free Banking,” Cato Institute Foreign Policy Briefing No. 67, December 4, http://www.cato.org/pubs/fpbriefs/fpb67.pdf; also published as “A Dollarization/Free Banking Blueprint for Argentina,” pp. 387-400 in Dominick Salvatore, James W. Dean, and Thomas D. Willett, editors, The Dollarization Debate, New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Hanke, Steve H. (2001t) “It’s Not Too Late to Dollarize in Argentina,” Buenos Aires Herald, December 14. Hanke, Steve H. (2002a) “Argentina’s Blunders,” National Post (Canada), January 5, p. FP11. Hanke, Steve H. (2002b) “Argentina Errors Key to its Woes,” Baltimore Sun, January 6. Hanke, Steve H. (2002c) “Questions the IMF Is Obliged to Answer,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, January 17, p. 10. Hanke, Steve H. (2002d) “Peso Questions for IMF,” National Post (Canada), January 18, p. FP13. Hanke, Steve H. (2002e) “Don’t Give ‘Em a Cent,” National Post (Canada), January 30, p. FP15. Hanke, Steve H. (2002f) “Argentina’s Legal Plunder,” Wall Street Journal, February 1, p. A19. An earlier version was “Argentine Plunder,” Friedberg’s Commodity and Currency Comments, v. 23, no. 1, January 28, pp. 4-6, at http://www.friedberg.ca. (Replies to Edwards 2002b.) Hanke, Steve H. (2002g) “Questions Remain Unanswered,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, February 6, p. 12.

25 Hanke, Steve H. (2002h) Remarks in “What’s Next for Argentina?,” Cato Institute policy forum, February 8, http://www.cato.org/events/transcripts/020208et.pdf. [Hanke, Steve H.] (2002i) “Five Questions for Steve H. Hanke,” by Anthony DePalma, New York Times, February 12, section 3, p. 4. Hanke, Steve H. (2002j) “Legalized Theft,” Forbes, March 4, p. 120. Hanke, Steve H. (2002k) Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Financial Services, Subcommittee on International Monetary Policy and Trade, Hearing on “Argentina’s Economic Meltdown—Causes and Remedies,” Serial No. 107-52, March 5, http://financialservices.house.gov/media/pdf/107-52.pdf. Hanke, Steve H. (2002l) Testimony Before U.S. Senate, Committee on Financial Services, Subcommittee on International Monetary Policy and Trade, Hearing on “Argentina’s Economic Meltdown—Causes and Remedies,” Serial No. 107-52, March 5, at http://www.gpo.gov. Hanke, Steve H. (2002m) “Argentina’s Turmoil Was Not Caused By Overvalued Peso,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, London edition, March 5, p. 18. Hanke, Steve H. (2002n) “Argentina: Look at Ecuador,” Latin Business Chronicle, April 1. Hanke, Steve H. (2002o) “Current Crisis Is Nothing New to Argentina,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, April 4, p. 12. Hanke, Steve H. (2002p) “Canada Sleeps as Argentina Plunders,” National Post (Canada), April 23, p. FP15. Hanke, Steve H. (2002q) “The Great Argentine Train Robbery,” International Economy, v. 16, no. 2, Spring, pp. 18-21. Hanke, Steve H. (2002r) “Argentina Should Follow Wolf’s Advice to Dollarise,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, May 8, p. 12. Hanke, Steve H. (2002s) “Putting the Banks in Charge,” LatinFinance, June, pp. 39-40. Hanke, Steve H. (2002t) “A Way Out for Argentina,” Finanz und Wirtschaft, June 15. Hanke, Steve H. (2002u) “Floating Peso Isn’t a Remedy for Argentina,” The Australian, July 1. Hanke, Steve H. (2002v) “Argentina’s Record Is Nothing to Be Proud of,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, November 16, p. 6. Hanke, Steve H. (2002w) “Questions the IMF Is Obliged to Answer,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, January 17, p. 10. *Hanke, Steve H. (2002x) “On Dollarization and Currency Boards: Error and Deception,” Journal of Policy Reform, v. 5, no. 4, pp. 203-22. (Dated 2002, but actually published 2003). Hanke, Steve H. (2003a) “Argentina and the ‘Experts,” Treasury Management: A Monthly Digest for Forex Professionals, Hyderabad, India, January. Hanke, Steve H. (2003b) “A Deadly Combination for Argentina,” Financial Times, U.S. edition, January 29, p. 12. Hanke, Steve H. (2003c) “Argentine Bank ‘Robbery’: US Looks the Other Way,” letter to the editor, Wall Street Journal, March 21, p. A15. Hanke, Steve H. (2003d) “Kirchner’s Task: Abandon Demogoguery and Face Facts,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, May 22, p. 12. Hanke, Steve H. (2003e) “’Currency Board’ a Misnomer for Argentine System,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, June 17, p. 14. *Hanke, Steve H. (2003e) “The Argentine Straw Man: A Response to Currency Board Critics,” Cato Journal, v. 23, no. 1, Spring/Summer, pp. 47-57, http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj23n1/cj23n1-6.pdf. An earlier version was “Argentina:

26 Caveat Lector,” presentation for Cato Institute 20th Annual Monetary Conference, New York City, October 17, 2002, http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/hanke-021017.pdf. Hanke, Steve H. (2003f) Review of Gerardo della Paolera and Alan M. Taylor, Straining at the Anchor: The Argentine Currency Board and the Search for Macroeconomic Stability, 1880- 1935, Journal of Economic History, v. 63, no. 3, September, pp. 886-88. Hanke, Steve H. (2003g), “Argentina: Not Even a Dead Cat Bounce,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, December 29, p. 10. Hanke, Steve H. (2004), “A Way Forward in IMF’s Dispute with Debt-Laden Argentina,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, February 3, p. 14. (Hanke also gave many other interviews in the press outside the United States, especially in Argentina; they are omitted here because the writings listed offer sufficient detail on his views.) Hanke, Steve H., and Liliane Hanke (wife of Steve Hanke) (1995) “The Great Modernizer,” Forbes, September 11, p. 126. Hanke, Steve H., Lars Jonung (European Commission, formerly Stockholm School of Economics), and Kurt Schuler (international economist, U.S. Treasury, formerly [1999-2004] senior economist, Joint Economic Committee, U.S. Congress) (1993) Russian Currency and Finance: A Currency Board Approach to Reform, London: Routledge. Hanke, Steve H., and Kurt Schuler (1990) “Keynes and Currency Reform: Some Lessons for Eastern Europe,” Journal of Economic Growth (U.S. Chamber of Commerce), v.4, no. 2, Summer 1990, pp. 10-16. Hanke, Steve H., and Kurt Schuler (1991a) “Currency Boards for Eastern Europe.” Heritage Lectures no. 355, Washington: Heritage Foundation. Hanke, Steve H., and Kurt Schuler (1991b) ¿Banco central o caja de conversión?, Buenos Aires: Fundación República. Hanke, Steve H., and Kurt Schuler (1993) “Currency Boards and Their Relevance for Latin America,” pp. 13-21 in Nissan Liviatan, editor, Proceedings of a Conference on Currency Substitution and Currency Boards, World Bank Discussion Papers No. 207, Washington: World Bank. Hanke, Steve H., and Kurt Schuler (1994a) Currency Boards for Developing Countries: A Handbook, San Francisco: ICS Press (Institute for Contemporary Studies). Hanke, Steve H., and Kurt Schuler (1994b) “Currency Boards for Latin America,” pp. 13-21 in Nissan Liviatan, editor, Proceedings of a Conference on Currency Substitution and Currency Boards, World Bank Discussion Paper No. 207. Hanke, Steve H., and Kurt Schuler (1996) “An Assessment of Argentina’s Convertibility System,” unpublished report for Deutsche Morgan Grenfell, Mortgage Backed Securities Department, New York, August 1996. *Hanke, Steve H., and Kurt Schuler (1999a) “A Dollarization Blueprint for Argentina,” Friedberg’s Commodity and Currency Comments, 1 February 1999: 1-12; also at http://www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/dollar.pdf. Hanke, Steve H., and Kurt Schuler (1999b) “A Dollarization Blueprint for Argentina,” Cato Institute Foreign Policy Briefing no. 52, March 11, http://www.cato.org/pubs/fpbriefs/fpb52.pdf. (A version of the paper immediately above.) Hanke, Steve H., and Kurt Schuler (1999c) “A Monetary Constitution for Argentina: Rules for Dollarization,” Cato Journal, v. 28, no. 3, Winter, pp. 405-19, http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj18n3/cj18n3-11.pdf.

27 *Hanke, Steve H., and Kurt Schuler (2002) “What Went Wrong in Argentina?,” Central Banking, v. 12, no. 3, February, pp. 43-8. Hanke, Steve H., see Schuler, Kurt. Hanson, James A. (1993) (senior financial policy adviser, World Bank) “Argentina’s Quasi- Currency Board,” pp. 43-8 in Nissan Liviatan, editor, Proceedings of a Conference on Currency Substitution and Currency Boards, World Bank Discussion Papers No. 207, Washington: World Bank. Hanson, James A. (2002) “Dollarization, Private and Official: Issues, Benefits, and Costs,” pp. 129-69 in Charles Collyns and G. Russell Kincaid, Managing Financial Crises: Recent Experience and Lessons for Latin America, Washington: World Bank. Hansson, Ardo (then of the Stockholm School of Economics), and Jeffrey D. Sachs (director, Earth Institute, Columbia University, formerly professor of economics, Harvard University) (1995) “Estonia Has Set Good Currency Example,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, July 14. [Harberger, Arnold C.] (professor of economics, University of California-Los Angeles) (1999) “Interview with Arnold Harberger,” The Region, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, March, http://www.minneapolisfed.org/pubs/region/99-03/harberger.cfm?js=0. [Harberger, Arnold C.] (2001) “Bilingual Seminar Series Examines Changing Global Market, Trade,” by Dexter Gauntlett, Daily Bruin (University of California—Los Angeles), November 14. [Harberger, Arnold C.] (2003a) “Interview with Arnold Harberger: Sound Forces Can Free Up Natural Forces of Growth,” by Prakash Loungani, IMF Survey, v.32, no. 13, July 14, pp. 213- 16, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/2003/071403.pdf. [Harberger, Arnold C.] (2003b) “Harberger: por años no habrá manera de reactivar el crédito,” by Néstor Scibona, La Nación (Buenos Aires), August 27, p. 3. Haubrich, Joseph G. (economist, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland) (2000a) “Waiting for Policy Rules,” Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Economic Commentary, January 15, pp. 1-4, http://www.clevelandfed.org/Research/com2000/0115.pdf. Haubrich, Joseph G., and Joseph A. Ritter (associate professor of public affairs, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, formerly economist, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis) (2000b) “Dynamic Commitment and Incomplete Policy Rules,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, v. 32, no. 4, part 1, November, pp. 766-84. [Hausmann, Ricardo] (1995) (professor of the practice of economic development, Harvard University, formerly [1994-2000] chief economist, Inter-American Development Bank, and minister of planning, Venezuela) “IDB’s Hausmann Advocates ‘Flexible’ Exchange Rates,” by Jim Freer, LatinFinance, December 1995, p. 11. Hausmann, Ricardo (1997) “Will Volatility Kill Market Democracy?,” Foreign Policy, no. 108, Fall, pp. 54-67. [Hausmann, Ricardo] (1999a) “This Year’s Big Debate,” Latin America Weekly Report, January 12, p. 14. Hausmann, Ricardo (1999b) “Should There Be Five Currencies or One Hundred and Five?,” Foreign Policy, September 22, 1999, pp. 65-79. [Hausmann, Ricardo] (2000) “A Challenger of the Received Wisdom,” by James Smalhout (interview), Euromoney, September, pp. 194-200.

28 Hausmann, Ricardo (2001) “A Way Out for Argentina,” Financial Times, October 30, p. 23, also at http://www.nber.org/~confer/2002/argentina02/hausmann.pdf under a slightly different title. Hausmann, Ricardo (2002a) “Argentina’s Road to Salvation,” Financial Times, January 4, p. 15. [Hausmann, Ricardo] (2002b) “Revenge of the ‘Mad Intellectuals,” by John Barham, LatinFinance, May, pp. 44f. Hausmann, Ricardo (2002c) “Patience Is a Virtue for Argentina’s Creditors,” Financial Times, U.S. edition, October 3, p. 13. Hausmann, Ricardo, Michael Gavin, Carmen Pages-Serra, and Ernesto Stein (all Inter-American Development Bank at the time) (1999) “Financial Turmoil and the Choice of Exchange Rate Regime,” Inter-American Development Bank Research Department Working Paper 400, http://www.iadb.org/res/publications/pubfiles/pubS-122.pdf. *Hausmann, Ricardo, and Andrés Velasco (professor of international finance and development, Harvard University) (2003) “Hard Money’s Soft Underbelly: Understanding the Argentine Crisis,” pp. 59-104 in Susan M. Collins and Dani Rodrik, editors, Brookings Trade Forum 2002, Washington: Brooking Institution Press; a July 2002 draft is at http://www.nber.org/~confer/2002/argentina02/velasco2.pdf. Hausmann was also a member of the Latin American Shadow Financial Regulatory Commission, which see. Ho, Corrinne M. (Bank for International Settlements) (2002a) “A Survey of the Institutional and Operational Aspects of Modern-Day Currency Boards,” Working Paper No. 110, Bank for International Settlements, http://www.bis.org/publ/work110.pdf. Ho, Corrinne M. (2002b) “Currency Boards: In Theory and in Modern-Day Practice,” Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University. Hubbard, R. Glenn (professor of finance and economics, Columbia University, formerly [May 2001-2003] chairman, Council of Economic Advisers) (2002a) “How Latin America Can Grow Again,” Financial Times, London edition, p. 21. Hubbard, R. Glenn (2002b) Money, the Financial System, and the Economy, 4th edition, Boston: Addison-Wesley. Humpage, Owen F. (economic adviser, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland), and Jean M. McIntire (Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland) (1995) “An Introduction to Currency Boards,” Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Economic Review, v. 31, no. 2, pp. 2-11. Humpage, Owen F., see Altig, David E. Husted, Steven (professor of economics, University of Pittsburgh), and Melvin, Michael (professor of economics, Arizona State University) (2001) International Economics, 5th edition, Boston: Addison-Wesley. †Hutchison, T[erence] W[ilmot] (professor emeritus of economics, University of Birmingham) (1977) Knowledge and Ignorance in Economics, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. (Chapter 5 [pp. 98-143] is entitled “Appendix: Economic Knowledge and Ignorance in Action: Economists on Devaluation and Europe, 1964-74.”) IMF (International Monetary Fund) (1999) International Financial Statistics, April, Washington: International Monetary Fund. IMF (International Monetary Fund) (2001) “Argentina: Third Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement, Request for Waivers and Modification of the Program—Staff Report and News Brief on the Executive Board Discussion,” Country Report No. 01/90, June 18, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2001/cr0190.pdf.

29 IMF (International Monetary Fund) (2003a) Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions, Washington: International Monetary Fund. *IMF (International Monetary Fund) (2003b) Policy Development and Review Department, “Lessons from the Crisis in Argentina,” October 8, http://www.imf.org/external/np/pdr/lessons/100803.pdf. (Later published as Daseking and others 2004.) *IMF (International Monetary Fund) (2004) Independent Evaluation Office, “Report on the Evaluation of the Role of the IMF in Argentina, 1991-2001,” June 30, http://www.imf.org/External/NP/ieo/2004/arg/eng/pdf/report.pdf IMF (International Monetary Fund) (2005) World Economic Outlook, April, Washington: International Monetary Fund, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2005/01/index.htm IMF (International Monetary Fund), “Argentina and the IMF” (summary of IMF information published about Argentina, with links), http://www.imf.org/external/country/arg/index.htm. IMF (International Monetary Fund), Direction of Trade Statistics database, Washington: International Monetary Fund. IMF (International Monetary Fund) (monthly and annual published volumes, CD-ROM, and database) International Financial Statistics, Washington: International Monetary Fund. †INDEC (Argentina, Ministerio de Economía, Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo), Web site, http://www.indec.mecon.gov.ar. (Argentina’s national statistical agency.) †Infoleg (Argentina, Ministerio de Economía, Centro de Documentación e Información) Web site, http://infoleg.mecon.gov.ar. (Contains text of important economic legislation.) Izquierdo, Alejandro (research economist, Inter-American Development Bank, Argentine origin) (2002) “Sudden Stops, the Real Exchange Rate and Fiscal Sustainability in Argentina,” World Economy, v. 25 no. 7, July, pp. 903-23. Izquierdo, Alejandro, see Calvo, Guillermo; Galindo, Arturo. Jadresic, Esteban (Central Bank of Chile, formerly senior economist, Research Department, International Monetary Fund), see Mussa, Michael. Johnson, Hazel J. (professor of finance, University of Louisville) (2000) Global Financial Institutions and Markets, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. *Jonas, Jiri (adviser to an executive director, International Monetary Fund) (2002a) “Argentina: The Anatomy of a Crisis,” Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Working Paper No. B12, http://www.zei.de/download/zei_wp/B02-12.pdf. Jonas, Jiri (2002b) “Argentina’s Crisis and the Implications for the Exchange Rate Debate,” paper for Croatian National Bank conference “Monetary Policy and Currency Substitution in Emerging Markets,” June 27-9, http://www.hnb.hr/dub-konf/8-konferencija-radovi/jiri-jonas- argentinas-crisis.pdf. Jonas, Jiri (2003) “Original Sin and the Exchange Rate Regime Debate: Lessons from Latin American and Transition Countries,” Comparative Economic Studies, v. 45, no. 3, September, pp. 232-55. Jones, Aaron (then a graduate student in international relations, Yale University) (2000) “The Future of Argentina’s Quasi-Currency Board: Toward a Mercosur Monetary Union,” Journal of Public and International Affairs, v. 11, Spring, pp. 52-68, http://www.princeton.edu/~jpia/pdf2000/Vol11_Spring00_4.pdf. Jones, Ronald W. (professor of economics, University of Rochester), see Caves, Richard E.

30 Kamil, Herman (graduate student in economics, University of Michigan), see Auguste, Sebastian. Kaminsky, Graciela L. (professor of economics and international affairs, George Washington University, formerly economist, Federal Reserve Board of Governors) (2003) “Living and Dying with Hard Pegs: The Rise and Fall of Argentina’s Currency Board: Comments,” Economía: Journal of the Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association, Spring, v. 3, no. 2, pp. 101-7, http://www.worldbank.org/research/bios/schmuklerpdfs/Economia- DelaTorre-LevyYeyati-Schmukler.pdf. Kaminsky, Graciela L., see Choueiri, Nada. Kar, Debayani (communications coordinator, Center for Economic Policy Research), see Cibils, Alan. Kay, Stephen (coordinator of Latin America analysis, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta), see Quispe-Agnoli, Myriam *Kehoe, Timothy J. (2003) (professor of economics, University of Minnesota, and adviser, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis) “What Can We Learn from the Current Crisis in Argentina?,” Scottish Journal of Political Economy, v. 50, no. 5, November, pp. 609-33, aldo Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Research Department Staff Report 318, http://minneapolisfed.org/research/sr/sr318.pdf. [Kenen, Peter B.] (professor of economics and international finance, Princeton University) (1999) “Argentine Plan to Adopt Dollar Draws Interest,” by Paul Blustein, Washington Post, January 24, p. A20. Kenen, Peter B. (2000) The International Economy, 4th edition, New York: Cambridge University Press. Kenen, Peter B. (2001) The International Financial Architecture: What’s New? What’s Missing? Washington: Institute for International Economics. Kenen, Peter B., see Currie, David. Kiser, Sherry L. (director of economic education, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas) (2001) “Tough Decisions for Argentina,” Southwest Economy (Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas), November, pp. 9-10, http://www.dallasfed.org/research/swe/2001/swe0106.pdf. [Klein, Michael W.] (professor of international economics, Tufts University) (2002) “Learning from Argentina” (interview), Boston Globe, January 27, p. A2. *Kregel, Jan (2003) (chief of policy analysis and development of Financing for Development Office, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs and professor of economics, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Italy, formerly United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, New York office) “An Alternative View of the Argentine Crisis: Structural Flaws and Structural Adjustment Policy,” Investigación Económica, v. 62, no. 243, January-March, pp. 15-49; an earlier version, “Revised Draft for DGDS Argentina Paper,” which I term the working paper, is at http://www.cedeplar.ufmg.br/download/kregel.pdf. Krishnamurthy, Arvind (Northwestern University), see Caballero, Ricardo J. Krueger, Anne O. (first deputy managing director, International Monetary Fund [since September 2001], formerly professor of economics, Stanford University) (1999) Prepared Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Banking and Financial Services, Hearing on “The Architecture of International Finance,” May 20. Krueger, Anne O. (2001) “IMF’s Krueger Says Alternative to Argentina Loan Expansion in Aug Was ‘Chaos,’” AFX-Asia newswire, November 27.

31 Krueger, Anne O. (2002a) “Transcript of a Press Briefing (Teleconference) on Argentina,” January 11, http://www.imf.org/external/np/tr/2002/tr020111.htm. Krueger, Anne O. (2002b) “Should Countries Like Argentina Be Able to Declare Themselves Bankrupt?,” El País (Madrid), January 11; English version at http://www.imf.org/external/np/vc/2002/011802.htm. *Krueger, Anne O. (2002c) “Crisis Prevention and Resolution: Lessons from Argentina,” speech at National Bureau of Economic Research conference “The Argentina Crisis,” July 17, http://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2002/071702.htm; condensed as “Krueger Says Argentina Needs Sustainable Monetary Anchor, Stronger Banking System,” IMF Survey, v. 31, no. 1, August 5, 2002, pp. 241-3, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/2002/080502.pdf. [Krueger, Anne O.] (2002d) “Interview with Anne O. Krueger,” The Region, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, December, http://woodrow.mpls.frb.fed.us/pubs/region/02- 12/krueger.cfm. Krueger, Anne. O. (2004) “Meant Well, Tried Little, Failed Much: Policy Reforms in Emerging Market Economies,” Roundtable Lecture, Economic Honors Society, New York University, March 23, http://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2004/032304a.htm. Krugman, Paul R. (professor of economics, Princeton University, and New York Times columnist) (1995a) “Monetary Virtue Leads Two-Peso Tussle,” Financial Times, June 13, p. 21. Krugman, Paul R. (1995b) “Dutch Tulips and Emerging Markets,” Foreign Policy, July/August, pp. 28-44. Krugman, Paul R. (1996a) “The Gold Bug Variations,” Slate, November 23. Krugman, Paul R. (1996b) Pop Internationalism, New York: W. W. Norton and Company. Krugman, Paul R. (1998) “Rupiah Rasputin: A Currency Board Won’t Solve Indonesia’s Woes,” Fortune, April 13, p. 115. Krugman, Paul R. (1999a) “Monomoney Mania,” Slate, April 16. Krugman, Paul R. (1999b) “Don’t Laugh at Me, Argentina,” Slate (online), July 20. Krugman, Paul R. (1999c) The Return of Depression Economics, New York: W. W. Norton and Company. Krugman, Paul R. (2000a) “Green Cheese Rules,” New York Times, June 4, section 4, p. 19. Reprinted as “The Peso Peg Doesn’t Work,” National Post (Canada), June 7, p. C19. (The National Post article was paired with an article by Steve H. Hanke on the same date.) Krugman, Paul R. (2000b) “The Shadow of Debt,” New York Times, November 22, p. A27. Krugman, Paul R. (2001a) “A Latin Tragedy,” New York Times, July 15, section 4, p. 15. Krugman, Paul R. (2001b) “Other People’s Money,” New York Times, July 18, p. A23. Krugman, Paul R. (2001c) “A Cross of Dollars,” New York Times, November 7, p. A23. [Krugman, Paul R.] (2001d) interview on Lou Dobbs Moneyline, CNN, at http://www.pkarchive.org. Krugman, Paul R. (2001e) “Argentina’s Monomoney Mania,” typescript, apparently early or mid December, http://www.wws.princeton.edu/~pkrugman/mania.html. Krugman, Paul R. (2001f) “Laissez Not Fair,” New York Times, December 11, p. A27. Krugman, Paul R. (2001g) “Notes on Depreciation, the Yen, and the Argentino,” typescript, December, http://www.wws.princeton.edu/~pkrugman/argentino.html. Krugman, Paul R. (2002) “Crying with Argentina,” New York Times, January 1, p. A21.

32 Krugman, Paul R. (2003a) “Argentina: The Role of Ideology,” typescript, August 3, http://www.wws.princeton.edu/~pkrugman/argent03.html. Krugman, Paul R. (2003b) The Great Unraveling: Losing Our Way in the New Century, New York: W. W. Norton and Company. Reprints some earlier columns on Argentina. Krugman, Paul R. (2004a) “Rubin Gets Shrill,” New York Times, Washington Final edition, January 6, p. A27. Krugman, Paul R. (2004b) “Krugman, optimista con el país,” La Nación, Buenos Aires, November 10, p. 2, at http://www.lanacion.com.ar. Krugman, Paul R., and Maurice Obstfeld (professor of economics, University of California- Berkeley) (2003) International Economics, 6th edition, Boston: Addison-Wesley. Krugman, Paul R., with reporter associate Jeremy Kahn (1998) “Saving Asia: It’s Time to Get Radical,” Fortune, v. 138, no. 5, September 7, pp. 74-80. Kydland, Finn E. (professor of economics, Carnegie-Mellon University, Nobel Memorial Prize winner), and Mark A. Wynne (senior economist and vice president, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas) (2002), “Alternative Monetary Constitutions and the Quest for Price Stability,” Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Economic and Financial Policy Review, v. 1, no. 1, http://www.dallasfedreview.org/pdfs/v01_n01_a01.pdf. Kydland, Finn E., and Carlos E. J. M. Zarazaga (executive director, Center for Latin American Studies, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Argentine origin) (1997) “Is the Business Cycle of Argentina ‘Different’?,” Economic and Financial Review (Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas), 4th Quarter, pp. 21-36 http://www.dallasfed.org/research/er/1997/er9704c.pdf. Kydland, Finn E., and Carlos E. J. M. Zarazaga (2002a) “Argentina’s Lost Decade,” Review of Economic Dynamics, v. 5, no. 1, January, pp. 152-65; an earlier version was Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas working paper 02/01, 2001, http://www.dallasfed.org/latin/papers/2002/lawp0201.pdf. Kydland, Finn E., and Carlos E. J. M. Zarazaga (2002b) “Argentina’ Recovery and ‘Excess’ Capital Shallowing of the 1990s,” Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Center for Latin American Economics, working paper 04/01, http://dallasfed.org/latin/papers/2001/lawp0104.pdf, forthcoming in Review of Economic Dynamics. Kydland, Finn E., and Carlos E. J. M. Zarazaga (2004, forthcoming) “Argentina’s Lost Decade and Subsequent Recovery: Hits and Misses of the Neoclassical Growth Model,” forthcoming in a volume edited by Timothy J. Kehoe and Edward C. Prescott and issued by the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Lane, Timothy D. (International Monetary Fund), see Daskeing, Christina. Larraín B., Felipe (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile), and Andrés Velasco (professor of international finance and development, Harvard University) (2001) Exchange-Rate Policy in Emerging-Market Economies: The Case for Floating, Princeton Essays in International Economics No. 224, Princeton, New Jersey, International Economics Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University. Latin American Shadow Financial Regulatory Commission (2002) “Resolution of Argentina’s Financial Crisis,” May 5, http://www.cgdev.org/docs/focalpoint_argentina.pdf. Leipziger, Danny (senior director, World Bank), see Caprio, Jr., Gerard. Lerrick, Adam (professor of economics, Carnegie-Mellon University) (2001a) “When Is a Haircut Not a Haircut? When the IMF Is the Barber,” Wall Street Journal, February 23, p. A15.

33 Lerrick, Adam (2001b) “It’s a Repeat Game,” Euromoney, March, pp. 102-5. Lerrick, Adam (2002a) in Bretton Woods Committee (2002). Lerrick, Adam (2002b) “Bank Deposit Receipts: A Transitional Money for Financial Crisis,” Latinwatch, BBVA (bank), April, pp. 2-6. Lerrick, Adam (2004) Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance, Hearing on “Argentina’s Financial Crisis,” March 10; prepared statement, http://banking.senate.gov/_files/lerrick.pdf. Lerrick, Adam, and Allan H. Meltzer (professor of economics, Carnegie-Mellon University) (2001a) “Beyond IMF Bailouts: Default Without Disruption,” Quarterly International Economics Report, Gailliott Center for Public Policy, Carnegie-Mellon University, May, at http://www.house.gov/jec/imf/gailliot.pdf. Revised as “Blueprint for an International Lender of Last Resort,” October 22, http://www.carnegie-rochester.rochester.edu/April02- Pdfs/Blueprint_after_Comments.pdf. Lerrick, Adam, and Allan H. Meltzer (2001b) “Default Without Disruption,” Financial Times, May 10, p. 17, also at http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.12830/pub_detail.asp. Lerrick, Adam, and Allan H. Meltzer (2002a) Meltzer’s oral remarks on their experience in Argentina at the American Enterprise Institute conference “Who Lost Argentina?,” Washington, February 5, 2002. Lerrick, Adam, and Allan H. Meltzer (2002b) “A Lifeline for Argentina,” Financial Times, U.S. edition, January 24, p. 13. Lerrick, Adam, and Sanjay Srivastava (professor of economics and finance, Carnegie-Mellon University) (2004) “Default Without Disruption: Simulation of Sovereign Debt Restructuring,” Journal of Restructuring Finance, v. 1, no. 1, http://www.worldscinet.com/jrf/01/preserved-docs/0101/S0219869X04000081.pdf. Levich, Richard M. (professor of finance and international business, New York University) (2001) International Financial Markets: Prices and Policies, 2nd edition, Boston: McGraw- Hill/Irwin. Lindert, Peter H. (professor of economics, University of California-Davis), see Pugel, Thomas A. López, Humberto (World Bank), see Alberola, Enrique. Magud, Nicolas (assistant professor of economics, University of Oregon, Argentine origin) (2004?) “Comment on ‘International Borrowing and Macroeconomic Performance in Argentina’ by Kathryn Dominguez and Linda Tesar,” National Bureau of Economics conference paper, http://www.nber.org/books/ICF/magud2-25-05comment.pdf. Mankiw, N. Gregory (chairman of Council of Economic Advisers, formerly professor of economics, Harvard University) (1998) “The Benefits of Dollarization: Let’s Pass the Buck to Russia,” Fortune, November 9, p. 48. (Contains a short mention of Argentina and Hong Kong as currency boards.) Martin, Pamela (Coastal Carolina University), Jilleen R. Westbrook (assistant professor of economics, Temple University), and Thomas D. Willett (professor of economics, Claremont Graduate University, formerly deputy assistant secretary for international research, U.S. Treasury) (1999) “Exchange Rate Based Stabilization Policy in Latin America,” pp. 141-63 in Richard J. Sweeney, Clas G. Wihlborg, and Thomas D. Willett, editors, Exchange-Rate Policies for Emerging Market Economies, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. Masson, Paul Robert (senior fellow, Brookings Institution, formerly senior adviser, International Monetary Fund), see Eichengreen, Barry; Graham, Carol; Mussa, Michael. Mauro, Paulo (International Monetary Fund), see Mussa, Michael.

34 McCallum, Bennett T. (professor of economics, Carnegie-Mellon University) (1996) International Monetary Economics, New York: Oxford University Press. McComb, Robert (associate professor of economics, Texas Tech University) and Carlos E. J. M. Zarazaga (executive director, Center for Latin American Studies, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Argentine origin) (1997) “Argentina,” pp. 148-84 in Laura Randall, editor, The Political Economy of Latin America in the Postwar Period, Austin: University of Texas Press. McIntire, Jean M. (Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland), see Humpage, Owen F. McKinnon, Ronald I. (professor of international economics, Stanford University) (1993) “Round Table on Stabilization and Currency Boards: Opening Comments by Panel,” pp. 88-90 in Nissan Liviatan, editor, Proceedings of a Conference on Currency Substitution and Currency Boards, World Bank Discussion Papers No. 207, Washington: World Bank. McKinnon, Ronald I. (2003) “The Problem of Dollar Encroachment in Emerging Markets,” pp. 177-95 in Dominick Salvatore, James W. Dean, and Thomas D. Willett, editors, The Dollarization Debate, New York: Oxford University Press. Mejía, Luis-Fernando (graduate student in economics, University of Chicago), see Calvo, Guillermo. Meltzer, Allan H. (professor of economics, Carnegie-Mellon University, formerly chairman, International Financial Institution Advisory Commission) (1993) “The Benefits and Costs of Currency Boards,” Cato Journal, v. 12, no. 3, Winter, pp. 707-10, in http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj12n3/cj12n3-10.pdf (in the middle of the file). [Meltzer, Allan H.] (2001) “How U.S. Academics Are Riling Argentina: Some in Buenos Aires Say Their Dire Predictions May Be Self-Fulfilling,” by Pamela Druckerman, Wall Street Journal, August 27, p. A6. Meltzer, Allan H. (2002a) Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Financial Services, Subcommittee on International Monetary Policy and Trade, Hearing on “Argentina’s Economic Meltdown—Causes and Remedies,” Serial No. 107-52, March 5, http://financialservices.house.gov/media/pdf/107-52.pdf. Meltzer, Allan H. (2002b) Testimony before the Joint Economic Committee of the U.S. Congress, Hearing on “Reform of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank,” March 6, prepared statement http://www.house.gov/jec/hearings/03-06-02/meltzer.pdf. Meltzer, Allan H. (2003) “Argentina 2002: A Case of Government Failure,” Cato Journal, v. 23, no. 1, Spring/Summer, pp. 29-31, http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj23n1/cj23n1-4.pdf. Meltzer, Allan H., see Lerrick, Adam. Melvin, Michael (professor of economics, Arizona State University) (2000) International Money and Finance, 6th edition, Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley. (Melvin also had a 2003 article in Economics Letters on Argentina’s stock-market boom of late 2001-2002 as a channel of capital flight, but it is not really a commentary on the causes and cures of the economic crisis.) Melvin, Michael, see Husted, Steven. Mendoza, Enrique G. (professor of economics, University of Maryland, formerly International Monetary Fund and Federal Reserve Board of Governors) (2002) “Argentina’s Tango: Déjà Vu Ecuador,” Latin American Advisor, March 28, pp. 3-4. Miller, Roger LeRoy (Institute for University Studies, Arlington, Texas), and David D. VanHoose (professor of economics, Baylor University) (2004a) Money, Banking, and Financial Markets, 2nd edition, Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western.

35 Miller, Roger LeRoy (Institute for University Studies, Arlington, Texas), and David D. VanHoose (professor of economics, Baylor University) (2004b) Macroeconomics: Theories, Policies, and Applications, 3rd edition, Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Mishkin, Frederic S. (professor of banking and financial institutions, Columbia University, formerly executive vice president and director of research, Federal Reserve Bank of New York) (1997) “Strategies for Controlling Inflation,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 6122, August, at http://www.nber.org. Mishkin, Frederic S. (1999) “International Experience with Different Monetary Policy Regimes,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 7044, March, at http://www.nber.org. Mishkin, Frederic S. (2004) The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets, 7th edition, Boston: Addison-Wesley. Mishkin, Frederic S., see Calvo, Guillermo A. Mishkin, Frederic S., and Miguel A. Savastano (International Monetary Fund) (2001) “Monetary Policy Strategies for Latin America,” Journal of Development Economics, v. 66, no. 1, October, pp. 415-44. Mishkin, Frederic S., and Miguel A. Savastano (2002) “Monetary Policy Strategies for Emerging Market Countries: Lessons from Latin America,” Comparative Economic Studies, v. 44, no. 2, Summer, pp. 45-83. Montiel, Peter J. (professor of economics, Willliams College) (2003) Macroeconomics in Emerging Markets, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Montiel, Peter J., see Agénor, Pierre-Richard. Moreno, Ramon (associate director, Pacific Council on International Policy, formerly senior economist, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco) (2002) “Learning from Argentina’s Crisis,” Economic Letter (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco), no. 2002-32, October 18. Mundell, Robert A. (professor of economics, Columbia University, Nobel Memorial Prize winner) (1993) “Currency Boards, Fixed Exchange Rates and Monetary Discipline,” pp. 25- 29 in Nissan Liviatan, editor, Proceedings of a Conference on Currency Substitution and Currency Boards, World Bank Discussion Papers No. 207, Washington: World Bank. Mundell, Robert A. (1997) “Optimum Currency Areas,” extended version of a luncheon speech presented at the “Conference on Optimum Currency Areas,” Tel-Aviv University, December 5, http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/eOCATAviv4.html. [Mundell, Robert A.] (1999a) “Ahead of the Curve,” CNNFN television show, Cable News Network, October 13, Transcript #101314cb.l01. [Mundell, Robert A.] (2000) “’Father of the Euro’ Stirs Up South American Currency Row,” by Geoff Dyer, Financial Times, London edition, May 9, p. 13. Mundell, Robert A. (2001) “Money and the Sovereignty of the State,” pp. 291-337 in Axel Leijonhufvud, editor, Monetary Theory and Policy Experience, New York: Palgrave. [Mundell, Robert A.] (2002) “To Float Is to Drift in Dangerous Waters,” by Diane Francis, National Post (Toronto), February 14, p. FP3. Mundell, Robert A. (2003) “Currency Areas, Exchange Rate Systems, and International Monetary Reform,” pp. 17-45 in Dominick Salvatore, James W. Dean, and Thomas D. Willett, editors, The Dollarization Debate, New York: Oxford University Press. (Written in 1999, but not published until 2003.) Mundell, Robert A., and Paul J. Zak, editors (2002) Monetary Stability and Economic Growth: A Dialog Between Leading Economists, Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar.

36 Mundell, Robert A., see Friedman, Milton. Mussa, Michael (senior fellow, Institute for International Economics, formerly [1991-2001] director of research, International Monetary Fund) (1998) “The IMF: Doctor, Savior—or Wastrel?,” letter to the editor, Business Week, December 28, 1998, p. 12. Mussa, Michael (2001) “Fantasy in Argentina,” Financial Times, November 12, p. 23. [Mussa, Michael] (2002a) “Argentina’s Plan Stirs Worries Elsewhere,” by Paul Blustein, Washington Post, January 9, p. E1. Mussa, Michael (2002b) Remarks in “What’s Next for Argentina?,” Cato Institute policy forum, February 8, http://www.cato.org/events/transcripts/020208et.pdf. Mussa, Michael (2002c) Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance, Hearing on “Argentina’s Economic Crisis,” Hearing No. 107-929, February 28, http://banking.senate.gov/_files/107929.pdf. *Mussa, Michael (2002d) Argentina and the Fund: From Triumph to Tragedy, Washington: Institute for International Economics, http://bookstore.iie.com/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=343. Mussa, Michael (2002e), Comments in National Bureau of Economic Research (2002b). Mussa, Michael (2002f) Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance, Hearing on “Instability in Latin America: U.S. Policy and the Role of the International Community,” October 16, http://banking.senate.gov/02_10hrg/101602/mussa.htm. Mussa, Michael (2003) “Argentina’s Road to Ruin,” live online session, washingtonpost.com, August 5. Mussa, Michael (2004) Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance, Hearing on “Argentina’s Financial Crisis,” March 10; prepared statement, http://banking.senate.gov/_files/mussa.pdf. Mussa, Michael, Paul [Robert] Masson, Alexander Swoboda, Esteban Jadresic, Paolo Mauro, and Andy [Andrew] Berg (all International Monetary Fund at the time) (2000) Exchange Rate Regimes in an Increasingly Integrated World Economy¸ International Monetary Fund Occasional Paper No. 193, Washington: International Monetary Fund, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/op/193/. †Naím, Moisés (editor, Foreign Policy magazine, formerly Venezuelan minister of trade and industry) (2005) “The Incredible Shrinking Peso,” Washington Post, Book World section, May 8, p. 5. (Review of Blustein 2005.) National Bureau of Economic Research (2002a) “The Argentina Crisis,” conference, July 17, at http://www.nber.org/crisis/. National Bureau of Economic Research (2002b) “Argentina: Program on Exchange Rate Crises in Emerging Markets,” conference summary, July 17, http://www.nber.org/crisis/argentina_report.html. O’Brien, Thomas J. (professor of finance, University of Connecticut) (1996) Global Financial Management, New York: John Wiley and Sons. Obstfeld, Maurice (professor of economics, University of California-Berkeley) (1998) “The Global Capital Market: Benefactor or Menace?,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 12, no. 4, Autumn, pp. 9-30. Obstfeld, Maurice (2000) “Globalization and Macroeconomics,” NBER Reporter, September 22, pp. 18-23, http://www.nber.org/reporter/fall00/obstfeld.html.

37 Obstfeld, Maurice, and Kenneth S. Rogoff (professor of public policy and economics, Harvard University, formerly director of research, International Monetary Fund) (1995) “The Mirage of Fixed Exchange Rates,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 9, no. 4, Autumn, pp. 73- 96. Obstfeld, Maurice, see Krugman, Paul. Osband, Kent and Delano Villanueva (1993) (both International Monetary Fund at the time) “Independent Currency Authorities: An Analytic Primer,” IMF Staff Papers, v. 40, no. 1, pp. 202-216. Pages-Serra, Carmen (senior researcher, Inter-American Development Bank), see Hausmann, Ricardo. Palley, Thomas I. (assistant director of public policy, AFL-CIO) (2001) “Escaping the Policy Credibility Trap: Reshaping the Debate over the International Financial Architecture,” Problemas del Desarollo, v. 32, no. 126, July-September, pp. 111-124. Pardee, Scott E. (professor of monetary economics, Middlebury College, formerly senior vice president, Federal Reserve Bank of New York) (1995) “Can Argentina Tolerate the Pain?,” Journal of Commerce, December 22, p. 6A. Pardee, Scott E. (1998) “Argentina: Dodging the Flu,” Journal of Commerce, August 4, p. 9A. Pardee, Scott E. (1999) “Radical Dollar Plan Worth a Look,” Journal of Commerce, February 1, p. 5A. Pardee, Scott E. (1999) “Argentina’s Politics Lead to White-Knuckled Investors,” Bridge News, July 15. Pardee, Scott E. (1999) “Argentine Official Can’t Afford to Be Timorous,” Journal of Commerce, November 4, p. 6. Pardee, Scott E. (2000a) “Original Sin in Emerging Markets,” Calgary Herald (Canada), June 4, p. B13. Pardee, Scott E. (2000b) “It Will Take Time to Tango in Argentina,” Bridge News, December 26. Pardee, Scott E. (2001) “Argentina’s Latest Currency Crisis…Basta, Already,” Bridge News, 24 August. Pastor, Jr., Manuel (professor of Latin American and Latino studies, University of California- Santa Cruz, formerly professor of economics, Occidental College) (1997) “Argentina: Feeling Growing Pains and Gains,” Los Angeles Times, July 6, p. D4. [Pastor, Jr., Manuel] (2001) “Argentine Government Creates Special Currency for Payment of Wages,” interview, “Marketplace” radio show, Minnesota Public Radio, December 26. [Pastor, Jr., Manuel] (2002a) “Fixing Argentina: Whose Job Is It?,” by Anthony DePalma, New York Times, January 6, section 4, page 4. [Pastor, Jr., Manuel] (2002b) “Argentina Breaks Peso’s Link to US Dollar,” interview, “Marketplace” radio show, Minnesota Public Radio, February 4. Pastor, Jr., Manuel, and Carol Wise (associate professor of international relations, University of Southern California) (1996) “Argentina’s ‘Stellar’ Performance,” Christian Science Monitor, August 21, p. 19. Pastor, Jr., Manuel, and Carol Wise (1998) “Stabilization and Its Discontents: Argentina’s Economic Restructuring in the 1990s,” Dante B. Fascell North-South Center, University of Miami, North-South Agenda Papers No. 13, formerly at http://www.miami.edu/nsc/publications/pub-ap-pdf/31AP.pdf but no longer available; published in World Development, v. 27, no. 3, 1999, pp. 477-503.

38 Pastor, Jr., Manuel, and Carol Wise (2001a) “The Good Life Jilts Argentina Once Again,” Los Angeles Times, July 16, California section, part 2, p. 11. *Pastor, Jr., Manuel, and Carol Wise (2001b) “From Poster Child to Basket Case,” Foreign Affairs, v. 80, no. 6, November/December, pp. 60-72. Pastor, Jr., Manuel, and Carol Wise (2004) “Picking Up the Pieces: Comparing the Social Impact of Financial Crisis in Mexico and Argentina,” paper presented at CICI-20 meeting, Buenos Aires, May 20-1, http://www.cigionline.ca/v.2/conf_docs/argentina.pastor-wise.pdf Perry, Guillermo E., editor (chief economist for Latin America and Caribbean, World Bank) (1997) Currency Boards and External Shocks: How Much Pain, How Much Gain? Washington: World Bank. [Perry, Guillermo E.] (1999a) “Top Argentine Official Visits US for Dollarization Talks,” Agence France Presse newswire, June 23. [Perry, Guillermo E.] (1999b) “WB Economist Advises Argentina Not to Devalue Currency,” Xinhua News Agency newswire, August 19. [Perry, Guillermo E.] (2002a) “Argentina: IMF Rules Out New Credit, for Now,” by Gustavo Gonzalez, Inter Press newswire, January 18. [Perry, Guillermo E.] (2002b) “WB Advises Central Americans to Adopt US Dollar,” Xinhua News Agency newswire, November 14. Perry, Guillermo E. (2002c) Comments in National Bureau of Economic Research (2002b). *Perry, Guillermo E., and Luis Servén (World Bank) (2003) “Anatomy of a Multiple Crisis: Why Was Argentina Special and What Can We Learn from It?,” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3081, June 30, http://www- wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2003/07/22/000094946_03070904 012091/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf; published in Spanish as “La anatomia de una crisis multiple: Que tenia Argentina de especial y que podemos aprender de ella,” Desarrollo Económico, v. 42, no. 167, October-December 2002, pp. 323-75, and in English as chapter 12 in Volbert Alexander, George M. von Furstenberg, and Jacques Mélitz, editors, Monetary Unions and Hard Pegs Effects on Trade Financial Development and Stability, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004; an early version was “Anatomy of a Multiple Crisis: Why Was Argentina Special and What We Can Learn from It,” typescript, World Bank, May 10 2002. Pettis, Michael (adjunct associate professor of international and public affairs, Columbia University, and managing director, Bear Stearns) (2001a) “Will Globalization Go Bankrupt?,” Foreign Policy, September 2001, pp. 52-9. [Pettis, Michael] (2001b) “Overdosed on Debt,” by John Barham, LatinFinance, December, pp. 33f. Pettis, Michael (2001c) The Volatility Machine: Emerging Economics and the Threat of Financial Collapse, New York: Oxford University Press. Pettis, Michael (2002) “Getting the Balance Right in Latin America,” Financial Times, U.S. edition, November 25, p. 13. Pettis, Michael (2003) “A Stake in Argentina’s Future,” Financial Times, European edition, July 2, p. 13. Phelps, Edmund S. (professor of economics, Columbia University) (2002) “Lack of Entrepreneurship in Argentina,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, London edition, January 12, p. 16. Piñiero, Valeria (Institute for Food Policy Research), see Díaz Bonilla, Eugenio.

39 [Porzecanski, Arturo C.] (head of emerging markets and debt strategy, ABN Amro, and adjunct professor of international affairs, Columbia University) (2001a) “Cavallo Wins Some Breathing Space to Turn Argentine Economy Around,” AFX-Asia newswire, April 30. [Porzecanski, Arturo C.] (2001b) “G7, IMF Should Expand Argentina Financial Support—Wall St Analysts,” AFX-Asia newswire, August 6. [Porzecanski, Arturo C.] (2001c) “S&P Cuts Argentina's Credit Rating to Just Above Default Status,” Los Angeles Times, October 31, part 3, p. 5. [Porzecanski, Arturo C.] (2001d) “IMF/Argentine Govt. Both at Fault Over Argentine Crisis,” AFX-Asia newswire, December 11. Porzecanski, Arturo C. (2001e) “Argentina y la nueva arquitectura del sistema financiero internacional,” Revista de Economía (Banco Central del Uruguay), v. 8, no. 1, May, pp. 103- 9, http://www.bcu.gub.uy/autoriza/peiees/iees02i0501.pdf. Porzecanski, Arturo C. (2002a) Comments in “Argentina: Weighing the Options,” Center for Strategic and International Studies conference, January 29, http://www.csis.org/americas/sa/020129Argentina.pdf. [Porzecanski, Arturo C.] (2002a) “Argentines’ Love of the Dollar Threatens Economic Fortune,” by Thomas Catán, Financial Times, London edition, February 21, p. 9. [Porzecanski, Arturo C.] (2002b) “Globe Trotting: Latin American Markets Struggle For A Comeback,” interview, “Market Call” television program, CNNFN, May 3. Porzecanski, Arturo C. (2002c) “Argentina: The Root Cause of the Disaster,” http://www.nber.org/~confer/2002/argentina02/porzecanski.pdf. Porzecanski, Arturo C. (2003) “A Critique of Sovereign Bankruptcy Initiatives,” Business Economics, v. 38, no. 1, January, pp. 39-45, http://www.emta.org/emarkets/Porzecanski_Critique.pdf. Pugel, Thomas A. (professor of economics and global business, New York University), and Peter H. Lindert (professor of economics, University of California-Davis) (2000) International Economics, 11th edition, Boston: McGraw-Hill. †Quiroga, Annabella (reporter, Clarín) (2005) “Las exportaciones crecerían el 7%,” Clarín, April 22, at http://www.clarin.com. Quispe-Agnoli, Myriam (research economist, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta) (2001) “Monetary Policy Alternatives for Latin America,” Economic Review (Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta), v. 86, no. 3, Third Quarter, pp. 43-53, http://www.frbatlanta.org/frbatlanta/invoke.cfm?objectid=227E9A85-9568-11D5- 898300609459DBE6&method=display_body. Quispe-Agnoli, Myriam (2002) “Costs and Benefits of Dollarization,” pp. 11-31 in Carl A. Cira and Elisa N. Gallo, editors, Dollarzation and Latin America: Quick Cure or Bad Medicine? Miami: Latin American and Caribbean Center, Florida International University. Quispe-Agnoli, Myriam, and Stephen Kay (coordinator of Latin America analysis, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta) (2002) “Argentina: The End of Convertibilty,” EconSouth (Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta), v. 4, no. 1, First Quarter, pp. 14, 19, http://www.frbatlanta.org/invoke.cfm?objectid=AAECA5A0-428B-11D6- A3910008C7720D25&method=display. Ramos, Alberto M. (International Monetary Fund) (1998) “Capital Structures and Portfolio Composition During Banking Crisis: Lessons From Argentina 1995,” International Monetary Fund Working Paper No. 98/121, August, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/wp98121.pdf.

40 Reinhart, Carmen M. (professor of public policy and economics, University of Maryland, formerly [August 2001-2003] deputy director, Research Department, International Monetary Fund), and Kenneth S. Rogoff (professor of public policy and economics, Harvard University, formerly director of research, International Monetary Fund) (2003) “Part I. The Country Chronologies and Chartbook. Background Material to A Modern History of Exchange Rate Arrangements: A Reinterpretation,” typescript, University of Maryland and Harvard University, http://www.puaf.umd.edu/faculty/papers/reinhart/PartI_Chronologies.pdf. Contains data for Carmen M. Reinhart and Kenneth S. Rogoff, “The Modern History of Exchange Rate Arrangements: A Reinterpretation,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, v. 99, no. 1, February 2004, pp. 1-48. Reinhart, Carmen M. and Miguel A. Savastano (International Monetary Fund) (2003) “The Realities of Modern Hyperinflation: Despite Falling Inflation Rates Worldwide, Hyperinflation Could Happen Again,” Finance and Development, v. 40, no. 2, June, pp. 20- 3, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2003/06/pdf/reinhard.pdf. Rigobón, Roberto (associate professor of applied economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (2000) “Macroeconomic Volatility in Latin America: A View and Three Case Studies,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 7782, July, at http://www.nber.org. Ritter, Joseph A. (associate professor of public affairs, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, formerly economist, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis), see Haubrich, Joseph G. Robinson, Sherman (Institute for Food Policy Research), see Díaz Bonilla, Eugenio. †Rock, David (professor of history, University of California-Santa Barbara) (2002) “Racking Argentina,” New Left Review, no. 17 [new series], September-October, pp. 54-86, http://www.newleftreview.com/PDFarticles/NLR25104.pdf. Rodrik, Dani (professor of international political economy, Harvard University) (2002) “Trade Rout: Reform in Argentina, Take Two,” New Republic, January 14, pp. 13-15. Reprinted as “Argentina: A Case of Globalisation Gone Too Far or Not Far Enough?,” pp. 15-21 in Jan Joost Teunissen and Age Akkerman, editors, The Crisis That Was Not Prevented: Lessons for Argentina, the IMF and Globalization, The Hague: FONDAD, 2003, http://www.fondad.org/publications/argentina/Fondad-Argentina-Chapter2.pdf. Rodrik, Dani (2003) “Growth Strategies,” National Bureau of Economics Working Paper 10050, October, at http://www.nber.org. Rogoff, Kenneth S. (professor of public policy and economics, Harvard University, formerly director of research, International Monetary Fund), see Obstfeld, Maurice; Reinhart, Carmen M. †Rojas, Mauricio (Lund University, Sweden, Chilean origin) (2002) The Sorrows of Carmencita: Argentina’s Crisis in a Historical Perspective, translated by Roger G. Tanner, Stockholm: Timbro, http://www.hacer.org/pdf/carmencitabyrojas.pdf. Rojas-Suárez, Liliana (senior fellow, Center for Global Development, formerly chief economist for Latin America, Deutsche Bank, principal adviser to the chief economist, Inter-American Development Bank, and deputy chief, Capital Markets and Financial Studies Division, Research Department, International Monetary Fund) (2001) “’Radical Alternative’ for Argentina Amounts to Outright Default,” Financial Times, London edition, November 1, p. 20.

41 Rojas-Suárez, Liliana (2003a) “Monetary Policy and Exchange Rates: Guiding Principles for a Sustainable Regime,” pp. 123-55 in Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski, and John Williamson, editors, After the Washington Consensus: Restarting Growth and Reform in Latin America, Washington: Institute for International Economics, http://www.iie.com/publications/chapters_preview/350/6iie3470.pdf. Rojas-Suárez, Liliana (2003b) “What Exchange Rate Arrangement Works Best for Latin America?,” pp. 375-86 in Dominick Salvatore, James W. Dean, and Thomas D. Willett, editors, The Dollarization Debate, New York: Oxford University Press. Rojas-Suárez, Liliana (2003c) “Comments and Discussion on the Argentine Papers,” pp. 107-16 in Susan M. Collins and Dani Rodrik, editors, Brookings Trade Forum 2002, Washington: Brooking Institution Press. Rojas-Suárez was also a member of the Latin American Shadow Financial Regulatory Commission, which see. Rose, Andrew K. (professor of economic analysis and policy, University of California- Berkeley), see Fatas, Antonio; Flood, Robert; Frankel, Jeffrey. *Roubini, Nouriel (associate professor of economics and international business, New York University, formerly [July 1999-June 2000] senior adviser to the under secretary for international affairs and director, Office of Policy Development and Review, U.S. Treasury, and senior economist, Council of Economic Advisers [1998-1999]) (2001a) “Should Argentina Dollarize or Float? The Pros and Cons of Alternative Exchange Rate Regimes and Their Implications for Domestic and Foreign Debt Restructuring/Reduction,” typescript, New York University, December 2, http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~nroubini/asia/argentinadollarization.doc. Roubini, Nouriel (2001b) “Why Should the Foreign Creditors of Argentina Take a Greater Hit/Haircut than the Domestic Ones: On the Economic Logic, Efficiency, Fairness and Legality of ‘Discriminating’ Between Domestic and Foreign Debt in Sovereign Debt Restructuring,” typescript, December 14, http://www.nber.org/~confer/2002/argentina02/roubini.pdf. Roubini, Nouriel (2005) “Lessons Learnt from Crises in Emerging Markets,” speech at a conference of the same name sponsored by the Banco Central de la República Argentina, Buenos Aires, June, http://www.bcra.gov.ar/pdfs/eventos/Roubinii.pdf. Roubini, Nouriel, and Brad Setser (Oxford University, formerly [1997-2001] U.S. Treasury, including acting director, Office of International Monetary and Financial Policy) (2004) Bailouts or Bail-ins? Responding to Financial Crises in Emerging Economies, Washington: Institute for International Economics, http://bookstore.iie.com/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=378. Roubini, Nouriel (2005) Web log, various dates, http://www.roubiniglobal.com. Roubini, Nouriel, see Allen, Mark. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (director, Earth Institute, Columbia University, formerly professor of economics, Harvard University) (1997) “Export Boost Urged on Argentina,” by Ken Warn, Financial Times, U.S. edition, July 4, p. 5. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (1998a) “Brazil Pays to Shield Currency, and the Poor See the True Cost,” New York Times, February 5, p. A1. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (1998b) “Who Is the New Keynes to Show Us the Way to Recovery?,” by David Wessel and Bob Davis, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, September 27, p. F12. Originally

42 appeared as “Markets Under Siege; Crisis Crusaders: Would-Be Keyneses Vie Over How to Fight Globe’s Financial Woes,” Wall Street Journal, September 25, p. A1f. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (1998c) “When Lending Money Just Isn’t Enough,” by Michael M. Weinstein, New York Times, September 30, p. C1. Sachs, Jeffrey D. (1999a) “Creditor Panics: Causes and Remedies,” Cato Journal, v. 18, no. 3, Winter, pp. 377-90, http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj18n3/cj18n3-8.pdf. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (1999b) “Temperature Set to Rise in Run-Up to Argentine Election,” by Ken Warn, Financial Times, U.S. edition, May 13, p. 6. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (1999c) “IMF a Flop, Says Top Economist,” by Jane Bussey, Miami Herald, November 24, p. 1C. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (2000) “Argentina Unveils a Financial Rescue,” by Anthony Faiola and Steven Pearlstein, Washington Post, December 19, p. E1. Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (2001a) “How To Lift the Malaise,” Time International (Latin America), July 23, p. 21. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (2001b) “Argentina’s Economy Not All That Bad: Top Economist,” National Post (Canada), October 6, p. FP8. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (2001c) “Think the Unthinkable,” by Ian Campbell, United Press International, October 15. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (2001d) “Latin American Nations Retain Foothold on Bottom Rung of Global Economy,” by Tim Johnson, Miami Herald, December 8, Business and Financial News section, no page number given by Nexis. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (2001e) “Argentina’s Peso, and Confidence, Hit,” by Scott Bernard Nelson with Sophie Arie, Boston Globe, December 23, p. A14. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (2002a) “For IMF, Argentina Was an Unsolvable Puzzle,” by Steven Pearlstein, Washington Post, January 3, p. E1. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (2002b) National Public Radio, “Morning Edition,” interview, January 9. Sachs, Jeffrey D. (2002c) “Duhalde’s Wrong Turn,” Financial Times, U.S. edition, January 11, p. 13. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (2002d) “Argentina’s Messy Devaluation May Carry Contagion Threat,” by John Defterios, interview, International Herald Tribune, January 12, p. 11. Sachs, Jeffrey D. (2002e) “A Crash Foretold,” Time International (Latin America), January 14, p. 17. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (2002f) “Revenge of the ‘Mad Intellectuals,” by John Barham, LatinFinance, May, pp. 44f. Sachs, Jeffrey D. (2002g) “IMF ‘Cure’ Is Adding to Crisis in Argentina,” Irish Times, May 4, p. 13. [Sachs, Jeffrey D.] (2002h) “Giving Argentina the Cinderella Treatment,” by Larry Rohter, New York Times, August 11, section 4, p. 14. Sachs, Jeffrey D., and Felipe Larraín B. (1999) “Why Dollarization Is More Straitjacket Than Salvation,” Foreign Policy, no. 116, Fall, pp. 80-92. Sachs, Jeffrey D., see Hansson, Ardo. Salvatore, Dominick (1998) “Capital Flows, Current Account Deficits, and Financial Crises in Emerging Market Economies,” International Trade Journal, Spring, pp. 5-22. Salvatore, Dominick (1999) “Could the Financial Crisis in Asia Have Been Predicted?,” Journal of Policy Modeling, May, pp. 341-348.

43 Salvatore, Dominick (professor of economics, Fordham University) (2001) International Economics, 7th edition, New York: John Wiley and Sons. Salvatore, Dominick (2003) “Which Countries in the Americas Should Dollarize?,” pp. 196-205 in Dominick Salvatore, James W. Dean, and Thomas D. Willett, editors, The Dollarization Debate, New York: Oxford University Press. Salvatore, Dominick (2004a) “Euroization, Dollarization and the International Monetary System,” in George von Furstenberg, editor, The Euro and Dollarization: Forms of Monetary Union in Integrating Regions, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 27-40. (I have not seen this, but the author has informed me that it is relevant.) Salvatore, Dominick (2004b) International Economics, 8th edition, New York: John Wiley and Sons. Salvatore, Dominick, James W. Dean (professor of international businesss, Western Washington University and professor of economics and international finance, Simon Fraser University, Canada), and Thomas D. Willett (professor of economics, Claremont Graduate University, formerly deputy assistant secretary for international research, U.S. Treasury) (2003) “Introduction,” pp. 3-14 in Dominick Salvatore, James W. Dean, and Thomas D. Willett, editors, The Dollarization Debate, New York: Oxford University Press. †Salvatore, Ricardo D. (Universidad Torcuato di Tella, Argentina) (2002) “Expert Economic Advice and the Subalternity of Knowledge: Reflections on the Recent Argentine Crisis,” typescript, December, http://conconflicts.ssrc.org/USA/salvatore/. Samuelson, Paul A. (professor emeritus of economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nobel Memorial Prize winner) (2002) Remarks in Robert A. Mundell and Paul J. Zak, editors, Monetary Stability and Economic Growth: A Dialog Between Leading Economists, Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar. Savastano, Miguel A. (International Monetary Fund), see Edwards, Sebastian; Eichengreen, Barry; Mishkin, Frederic S.; Reinhart, Carmen M. Schmukler, Sergio L. (Development Research Group, World Bank), and Luis Servén (World Bank) (2002) “Pricing Currency Risk Under Currency Boards,” Journal of Development Economics, v. 69, no. 2, December, pp. 367-91; also as “Pricing Currency Risk: Facts and Puzzles from Currency Boards,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 9047, July, at http://www.nber.org. Schmukler, Sergio L., see de la Torre, Augusto; Ganapolsky, Eduardo J. J. (Schmukler also had a 2004 article in Economics Letters, written with Eduardo Levy Yeyati and Neeltje van Horen, on Argentina’s stock-market boom of late 2001-2002 as a channel of capital flight, but it is not really a commentary on the causes and cures of the economic crisis.) Schuler, Kurt (international economist, U.S. Treasury, formerly [1999-2004] senior economist, Joint Economic Committee, U.S. Congress) (1992) “Currency Boards,” unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, George Mason University, http://users.erols.com/kurrency/dissertation.pdf. Schuler, Kurt (1996) Should Developing Countries Have Central Banks? Currency Quality and Monetary Systems in 155 Countries, London: Institute of Economic Affairs. Schuler, Kurt (1997) “The Future of Currency Boards, with Special Reference to Developing Countries,” plus discussion, pp. 102-35, 169 in Maggie Tan Pin Neo, editor, Currency Board System: A Stop-Gap Measure or a Necessity; Currency Board System Symposium ‘97. Singapore: Board of Commissioners of Currency Singapore. Schuler, Kurt (1998) “Por qué el sucre no es tan bueno como el dólar,” El Financiero, Guayaquil, Ecuador, May 4, p. 15.

44 Schuler, Kurt (1999) “The Problem with Pegged Exchange Rates,” Kyklos, v. 52, no. 1, pp. 83- 102. Schuler, Kurt (2001a) “Overtaxed in Argentina,” letter to the editor, Washington Post, January 23, p. A16. *Schuler, Kurt (2001b) “U-Turn Out of the Dead End: How to Solve Argentina’s Debt, Currency, and Banking Problems,” typescript, August 16, with postscript August 27, http://web.archive.org/web/20011116112441/users.erols.com/kurrency/arguturn.htm. Schuler, Kurt (2001c) “One of Argentina’s Bright Spots,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, November 2, p. 14. Schuler, Kurt (2002a) Remarks in “What’s Next for Argentina?,” Cato Institute policy forum, February 8, http://www.cato.org/events/transcripts/020208et.pdf. Schuler, Kurt (2002b) “Dollarization Still Best Option for Argentina,” Latin Business Chronicle, 11 March, formerly at http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com but no longer available. Schuler, Kurt (2002c) “Keeping Argentina Afloat,” letter to the editor, Foreign Affairs, July/August, p. 184. *Schuler, Kurt (2002d) “Fixing Argentina,” Cato Institute Policy Analysis 445, July 16, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa445.pdf *Schuler, Kurt (2003) “Argentina’s Economic Crisis: Causes and Cures,” staff background paper, Office of the Vice Chairman, Joint Economic Committee, U.S. Congress, June, http://www.house.gov/jec/imf/06-13-03long.pdf. *Schuler, Kurt (2004a) “The Collapse of Argentina’s ‘Convertibility’ System: A Failure of Central Banking,” typescript, April 12, http://users.erols.com/kurrency/convertibility.pdf. Schuler, Kurt (2004b) “Argentina, a Case of Textbook Error,” typescript, September. *Schuler, Kurt, and Steve H. Hanke (2001/2002) “How to Dollarize in Argentina Now,” Cato Institute paper, December 20, 2001, updated January 2, 2002 http://www.cato.org/pubs/papers/schuler-hanke011231.pdf. Schuler, Kurt, and Steve H. Hanke (2002) “Argentina’s Tax Crisis,” Financial Post (Canada), March 27, p. FP15. Schuler, Kurt, see Hanke, Steve H.; Hanke, Steve H., and Lars Jonung. Schumacher, Liliana (senior economist, International Monetary Fund) (2000) “Bank Runs and Currency Run in a System without a Safety Net: Argentina and the ‘Tequila’ Shock,” Journal of Monetary Economics, v. 46, no. 1, August, pp. 257-77. Schwartz, Anna J. (research associate, National Bureau of Economic Research, and adjunct professor of economics, Graduate School of the City University of New York) (1992) “Do Currency Boards Have a Future?,” Institute of Economic Affairs, Occasional Paper No. 68, London: Institute of Economic Affairs. Schwartz, Anna J. (1993) “Currency Boards: Their Past, Present, and Possible Future Role.” Carnegie-Rochester Series on Public Policy, v. 39, December, pp. 147-88. Schwartz, Anna J. (1998) “International Financial Crises: Myths and Realities,” Cato Journal, v. 17, no. 3, Winter, pp. 251-6, http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj17n3/cj17n3-2.pdf. Selgin, George A. (professor of economics, University of Georgia) (2001) “Let Private Money Spark a Recovery in Argentina,” Wall Street Journal, August 17, p. A9, http://www.catoinstitute.org/dailys/08-20-01.html. Servén, Luis (World Bank), see Alberola, Enrique; Perry, Guillermo E.; Schmukler, Sergio L. Setser, Brad (Oxford University, formerly [1997-2001] U.S. Treasury, including acting director, Office of International Monetary and Financial Policy) (2004) “Argentina in the Boxing Day

45 New York Times, Brad Setser’s Web Log, December 26, http://www.roubiniglobal.com/setser/archives/2004/12/argentina_in_th.html. Setser, Brad. See Allen, Mark; Gelpern, Anna; Roubini, Nouriel. Shafer, Jeffrey (Salomon Smith Barney, formerly under secretary for international affairs, U.S. Treasury) (2002) Comments in National Bureau of Economic Research (2002b). Sharma, Sunil (IMF Institute), see Eichengreen, Barry J. Shelton, Judy (professor of international finance, DUXX Graduate School of Business Leadership, Mexico, but lives mostly in United States) (1999a) “Brazil’s Monetary Illusions—And Ours,” Wall Street Journal, January 21, p. A18. Shelton, Judy (1999b) Prepared testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs, Subcommittee on Economic Policy and Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance, hearing on “Official Dollarization in Emerging-Market Countries,” April 22, http://banking.senate.gov/99_04hrg/042299/shelton.htm. Shelton, Judy (2001) “Los casos de Brasil y Argentina,” Revista de libertad digital (Spain), July 27, http://revista.libertaddigital.com/articulo.php/26. Singh, Anoop (director, Western Hemisphere Department, formerly [February-June 2002] director for special operations, International Monetary Fund) (2002) “IMF Team Sets Conditions for Helping Argentina Beat Recession,” by Daniel Merolla, Agence France Presse newswire, April 11. Sjastaad, Larry A. (professor of economics, University of Chicago) (1993) “Stabilization and Currency Boards in the Context of Specific Countries: Argentina: Comments,” pp. 49-50 in Nissan Liviatan, editor, Proceedings of a Conference on Currency Substitution and Currency Boards, World Bank Discussion Papers No. 207, Washington: World Bank. Sjastaad, Larry A. (1999) “Argentina’s Experience,” in Julio de Brun and Rolf Lüders, editors, Macroeconomic Policy and the Exchange Rate, pp. 282-7, San Francisco: International Center for Economic Policy. Solomon, Robert (guest scholar in economic studies, Brookings Institution, formerly advisor to the Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System) (1999) Money on the Move: The Revolution in International Finance Since 1980, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Spiegel, Mark M. (vice president for international research, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco) (1999), “Dollarization in Argentina,” Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Economic Letter, No. 990-29, September 24, http://www.sf.frb.org/econrsrch/wklyltr/wklyltr99/el99-29.html. *Spiegel, Mark M. (2002) “Argentina’s Currency Crisis: Lessons for Asia,” Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Economic Letter, No. 2002025, August 23, pp. 1-4, http://www.frbsf.org/publications/economics/letter/2002/el2002-25.pdf. A longer version (which is what merits the *) was published as Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association, working paper no. 2, December, http://www.iadb.org/intal/publicaciones/papers_LAEBA/02-Spiegel.pdf. Spiegel, Mark M., see Valderrama, Diego. Startz, Richard (professor of economics, University of Washington), see Dornbusch, Rudiger. Stein, Ernesto (research economist, Inter-American Development Bank), see Hausmann, Ricardo. [Stiglitz, Joseph E.] (professor of economics and finance, Columbia University, formerly [1993- 1997] member and later chairman, Council of Economic Advisers, also formerly [1997-

46 February 2000] chief economist, World Bank; Nobel Memorial Prize winner) (2001a) “Argentina Looks for Way Out of Long Recession,” by Kevin G. Hall, Phildelphia Inquirer, October 22, p. A2. [Stiglitz, Joseph E.] (2001b) “FTAA is a Threat, Warns Nobel Laureate,” by Kintto Lucas, Inter Press Service, October 26. [Stiglitz, Joseph E.] (2001c) “Argentina Must Restructure Debt, Rely Less on Intl Financing— Stiglitz” AFX-Asia newswire, November 12. Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2002a) “Argentina’s Lessons,” The Edge, Malaysia, January 14. [Stiglitz, Joseph E.] (2002b) “Business Elite Hole Up in Waldorf to Peg World Trends, Shape Policy,” by James Toedtman, Newsday, January 27, p. F6. Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2002c) “Argentina, Shortchanged: Why the Nation That Followed the Rules Fell to Pieces,” Washington Post, May 12, p. B1; also excerpted in Bretton Woods Committee (2002). Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2002d) Globalization and Its Discontents, New York: W. W. Norton and Company. Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2002e) “Argentina Hurt by Lack of Credit,” Korea Herald, September 13, no page number listed in Nexis. Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2002f) “The Disastrous Consequences of a World Without Balance,” Financial Times, London edition, September 23, p. 23. Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2002g) “The Lessons of Argentina for Development in Latin America,” in Michael Cohen and Margarita Gutman, editors, Argentina in Collapse? The Americas Debate, pp. 151-67, Buenos Aires: IEED-AL (Instituto Internacional de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, IIED-América Latina) / New York: New School. Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2002h) Globalization and Its Discontents, New York: W. W. Norton and Company. Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2003a) “Dealing with Debt,” Harvard International Review, v. 25, no. 1, Spring, pp. 54-9. [Stiglitz, Joseph E.] (2003b) “Nobel-Winning Economist Discusses Globalization at UCLA,” by Hoorig Santikian, Daily Bruin, University of California-Los Angeles, April 17, no page number listed in Nexis. [Stiglitz, Joseph E.] (2003c) “Stiglitz aconseja estimular el crecimiento antes que pagar,” La Nación, September 29, p. 2, at http://www.lanacion.com.ar. Stiglitz, Joseph E., and Carl E. Walsh (professor of economics, University of California-Santa Cruz) (2002) Principles of Macroeconomics, 3rd edition, New York: W. W. Norton and Company. Stockman, Alan C. (professor of economics, University of Rochester) (1999) Introduction to Economics, 2nd edition, Fort Worth, Texas: Dryden Press. Summers, Lawrence H. (president and formerly professor of economics, Harvard University, formerly chief economist, World Bank, under secretary for international affairs, U.S. Treasury [1993-July 1999] and Secretary, U.S. Treasury [July 1999-January 2001]) (1993) “Rules, Real Exchange Rates and Monetary Discipline,” pp. 32-3 in Nissan Liviatan, editor, Proceedings of a Conference on Currency Substitution and Currency Boards, World Bank Discussion Papers No. 207, Washington: World Bank. Summers, Lawrence H. (1998) Remarks delivered at Council of the Americas conference on “Latin American and Global Capital Markets,” U.S. State Department, Washington, May 18.

47 Summers, Lawrence H. (1999a) Remarks in U.S. Senate, Committee on Finance, Hearing on “U.S. Trade Policy in the Era of Globalization,” Senate Hearing 106-45, January 27. [Summers, Lawrence H.] (1999b) “Summers Warns on Dollarisation,” by Stephen Fidler and Richard Lapper, Financial Times, U.S. edition, p. 1; also in London edition, p. 6, as “Summers Sets Out Dollarisation Limits.”) Summers, Lawrence H. (1999c) Prepared Testimony of the Honorable Lawrence H. Summers, Deputy Secretary, United States Treasury, Before the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee, Subcommittee on Economic Policy and Subcommittee on International Trade, Hearing on “Official Dollarization in Emerging-Market Countries,” April 22, http://banking.senate.gov/99_04hrg/042299/summers.htm. Susmel, Raul (professor of finance, University of Houston), see Edwards, Sebastian. Swoboda, Alexander (Graduate School of International Studies, Switzerland, formerly senior policy adviser, International Monetary Fund), see Mussa, Michael. Taylor, Alan M. (professor of economics, University of California-Davis) (2000) “Dollarization as a Technology Import,” Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Economic Letter, no. 2000- 16, May 19, http://www.frbsf.org/econrsrch/wklyltr/2000/el2000-16.html. Taylor, Alan M., and Mark P. Taylor (University of Warwick, England) “The Purchasing Power Debate,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 18, no. 4, Fall, pp. 135-58. Taylor, Alan M., see della Paolera, Gerardo. [Taylor, John B.] (professor of economics, Stanford University, formerly [June 2001-April 2005] under secretary for international affairs, U.S. Treasury Department) (2001) “Don’t Cry for Argentina,” anonymous editorial, Wall Street Journal, December 4, p. A18. (Mentions remarks Taylor made to the newspaper’s staff.) Taylor, John B. (2002a) Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Financial Services, Subcommittee on International Monetary Policy and Trade, Hearing on “Argentina’s Economic Meltdown—Causes and Remedies,” Senate Hearing 107-52, February 6, http://financialservices.house.gov/media/pdf/107-52.pdf. Taylor, John B. (2002b) Testimony before the Joint Economic Committee of the U.S. Congress, Hearing on “Reform of the IMF and World Bank,” Senate Hearing 107-716, February 14, http://www.house.gov/jec/hearings/02-14-02.pdf. Taylor, John B. (2002c) Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance, Hearing on “Argentina’s Economic Crisis,” Senate Hearing 107-929, February 28, http://banking.senate.gov/_files/107929.pdf. Taylor, John B. (2002d) Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance, Hearing on “Instability in Latin America: U.S. Policy and the Role of the International Community,” October 16, http://banking.senate.gov/02_10hrg/101602/taylor.htm. Taylor, Lance (professor of international cooperation and development, New School University) (2001) “Argentina: A Poster Child for the Failure of Liberalized Policies? International Crisis; Interview,” Challenge, November, pp. 28-44. Temin, Peter (professor of economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (2002) Review of Gerardo della Paolera and Alan M. Taylor, Straining at the Anchor: The Argentine Currency Board and the Search for Macroeconomic Stability, 1880-1935, EH.net, May, http://www.eh.net/bookreviews/library/0477.shtml.

48 Tesar, Linda (professor of economics, University of Michigan), see Auguste, Sebastian; Dominguez, Kathryn M. E. Thomas, Alun H. (International Monetary Fund), see Daseking, Christina. Tobin, James (died 2002, formerly professor of economics, Yale University, Nobel Memorial Prize winner) (1998) “Financial Globalization: Can National Currencies Survive?,” Yale Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper 1188, July. Published in Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, v. 143, no. 2, June, pp. 161-7; reprinted in James Tobin, World Finance and Economic Stability: Selected Essays of James Tobin. Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar, 2003. Tobin, James (2001) “An Idea That Gained Currency But Lost Clarity,” Financial Times, London edition, September 11, p. 23. Treuherz, Rolf Maria (visiting scholar at Stanford University when he wrote) (2000) The Crisis Manual for Emerging Countries, Palo Alto, California: Fabrizio Publications. Truman, Edwin M. (senior fellow, Institute for International Economics, formerly [December 1998-January 2001] assistant secretary for international affairs, U.S. Treasury, and staff director, Division of International Finance, Federal Reserve Board of Governors) (2000) Prepared Testimony of the Honorable Edwin M. Truman, Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, United States Treasury, before the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs, Subcommittee on Economic Policy, Hearing on S. 1879, “The International Monetary Stability Act,” February 8, http://banking.senate.gov/00_02hrg/020800/truman.htm. Truman, Edwin M. (2002a) in Bretton Woods Committee (2002) Truman, Edwin M. (2002b) “Economic Policy and Exchange Rate Regimes: What Have We Learned in the Ten Years since Black Wednesday?,” speech at the European Monetary Symposium, London School of Economics, September 16, http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/truman0902.htm Truman, Edwin M. (2002c) “Fixed Exchange Rates: The Lessons from Argentina,” Inter- American Development Bank Daily, 12 March 2002, p. 18, http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/truman0302.pdf. Truman, Edwin M. (2002d) Comments in National Bureau of Economic Research (2002b). Truman, Edwin M. (2003) Remarks in “Comments and Discussion on the Argentine Papers,” p. 117 in Susan M. Collins and Dani Rodrik, editors, Brookings Trade Forum 2002, Washington: Brooking Institution Press. Truman, Edwin M. (2004a) “What Next for Argentina?,” unpublished paper, Institute for International Economics, February, http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/truman0204- 2.htm. Truman, Edwin M. (2004b) “Argentina: Let’s Move Forward,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, February 9, p. 10; also at http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/truman0204.htm. Truman, Edwin M. (2004c) Remarks at American Enterprise conference on “Argentina: Challenges in the Wake of Default,” March 31. †U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Web site, http://www.bls.gov. U.S. Department of the Treasury (1998) Annual Report to Congress on International Economic and Exchange Rate Policy; Period Covered: November 1, 1996 to October 31, 1998, p. 4, http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/docs/fxrept98.pdf.

49 U.S. Department of the Treasury (1999) Annual Report to Congress on International Economic and Exchange Rate Policy; Period Covered: November 1, 1998 to June 30, 1999, p. 4, http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/reports/exchange.pdf. U.S. Department of the Treasury (2001) Annual Report to Congress on International Economic and Exchange Rate Policies for the Period January 1, 2001 through June 30, 2001, p. 8, http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/reports/fxreport.pdf. *U.S. House of Representatives (2002) Committee on Financial Services, Subcommittee on International Monetary Policy and Trade, Hearing on “Argentina’s Economic Meltdown— Causes and Remedies,” Serial No. 107-52, February 6 and March 5, http://financialservices.house.gov/media/pdf/107-52.pdf. U.S. Senate (1999), Committee on Finance, Hearing on “United States Trade Policy in the Era of Globalization, Part I,” January 26, testimony of Lawrence H. Summers, Deputy Secretary of the Treasury. *U.S. Senate (2002a) Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance, Hearing on “Argentina’s Economic Crisis,” Hearing No. 107-929, February 28, http://banking.senate.gov/_files/107929.pdf. U.S. Senate (2002b) Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance, Hearing on “Instability in Latin America: U.S. Policy and the Role of the International Community,” October 16, http://www.senate.gov/~banking/02_10hrg/101602/index.htm. U.S. Senate (2004) Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance, Hearing on “Argentina’s Financial Crisis,” March 10, http://banking.senate.gov/index.cfm?Fuseaction=Hearings.Detail&HearingID=96. Uribe, Martín (professor of economics, Duke University, Argentine origin) (1996) “The Tequila Effect: Theory and Evidence from Argentina,” U.S. Federal Reserve System, Board of Governors, International Finance Discussion Paper No. 552, June http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/ifdp/1996/552/ifdp552.pdf. Uribe, Martín (2002a) “El espejismo del Corralito,” typescript, University of Pennsylvania, January 16, http://www.econ.duke.edu/%7Euribe/corralito.doc. [Uribe, Martín] (2002b) “Free Floating of Currency Cheered,” by Jenalia Moreno, Houston Chronicle, February 12, business section, p. 6. [Uribe, Martín] (2002c) “Crying for Argentina: Dark Lessons from the Southern Hemisphere,” by Karen Krebsbach, US Banker, v. 112, no. 10, pp. 67f. Uribe, Martín (2002d) “Argentina: Where to Go from Here?,” typescript, University of Pennsylvania, June 25, http://www.econ.duke.edu/~uribe/cia.pdf. Uribe, Martín (2004) “Entrevista de Webpondo a Martín Uribe,” 2 July, http://www.econ.duke.edu/%7Euribe/webpondo.pdf. Valderrama, Diego (economist, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco), and Spiegel, Mark M. (vice president for international research, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco) (2003) “Currency Boards, Dollarized Liabilities, and Monetary Policy Credibility,” Journal of International Money and Finance, v. 22, no. 7, pp. 1065-1087; an earlier version appeared as Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Working Papers in Applied Economic Theory No. 2003-07, http://www.frbsf.org/publications/economics/papers/2003/wp03-07bk.pdf. VanHoose, David D. (professor of economics, Baylor University), see Daniels, Joseph P.; Miller, Roger LeRoy.

50 Végh Gramont, Carlos A. (professor of economics, University of California-Los Angeles, formerly International Monetary Fund), see Bordo, Michael D. Velasco, Andrés (professor of international finance and development, Harvard University) (2001) “Argentina’s Crisis Foretold,” Time, Latin American edition, July 30, p. 17; also at http://www.nber.org/~confer/2002/argentina02/velasco.pdf under a slightly different title. Velasco, Andrés (2003a) Remarks in “Comments and Discussion on the Argentine Papers,” pp. 117-18 in Susan M. Collins and Dani Rodrik, editors, Brookings Trade Forum 2002, Washington: Brooking Institution Press. Velasco, Andrés (2003b) Review of Michael Mussa, Argentina and the Fund: From Triumph to Tragedy, Journal of Economic Literature, v. 41, no. 4, December, pp. 1291-3 Velasco, Andrés, see Céspedes, Luis Felipe; Chang, Roberto; Hausmann, Ricardo; Larraín B., Felipe. Velde, François R., and Marcelo Veracierto (both senior economists, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago) (2000) “Dollarization in Argentina,” Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Economic Perspectives, v. 24, no. 1, March, pp. 24-36, http://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economicperspectives/2000/Epartl2.pdf. Veracierto, Marcelo (senior economist, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago), see Velde, François R. Von Furstenberg, George M. (professor of economics, Indiana University) (2003) “Pressures for Currency Consolidation in Insurance and Finance: Are the Currencies of Financially Small Countries on the Endangered List?,” pp. 206-17 in Dominick Salvatore, James W. Dean, and Thomas D. Willett, editors, The Dollarization Debate, New York: Oxford University Press. Walsh, Carl E. (professor of economics, University of California-Santa Cruz), see Caprio, Jr., Gerard; Stiglitz, Joseph E. †Walters, Alan A. (AIG Trading Group, formerly professor of economics, Johns Hopkins University, and personal economic adviser to British prime minister Margaret Thatcher) (1993) “Wishful Thinking,” AIG World Markets Advisory, American International Group, September, pp. 1, 3-6. (A summary of commentary by British economists, financial journalists, and publications on Britain’s membership in the Exchange Rate Mechanism of the European Monetary System.) Wei, Shang-Jin (International Monetary Fund), see Frankel, Jeffrey A. [Weintraub, Sidney] (chair in political economy, Center for Strategic and International Studies) (2001a) “United Press International Think Tank Wrap-up,” by Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Ben Goodrich, July 18. [Weintraub, Sidney] (2001b) “G7, IMF Should Expand Argentina Financial Support—Wall St Analysts,” AFX-Asia newswire, August 6. [Weintraub, Sidney] (2001c) “Argentine Bonds Slump to New Lows,” by David Litterick, Daily Telegraph (London), December 4, p. 31. Weintraub, Sidney (2002a) Comments in “Argentina: Weighing the Options,” Center for Strategic and International Studies conference, January 29, http://www.csis.org/americas/sa/020129Argentina.pdf. Weintraub, Sidney (2002b) Comments in Bretton Woods Committee (2002). Weintraub, Sidney (2003) “Mexican and Other Recent Latin American Financial Crises: How Much Systemic, How Much Policy?,” pp. 109-23 in Ana Margheritis, editor, Latin American Democracies in the New Global Economy, Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

51 Weisbrot, Mark (co-director, Center for Economic Policy Research) (2001a) “Time to Reform the IMF,” Montreal Gazette, May 21, p. B3; also at http://www.cepr.net/columns/weisbrot/argentina.htm as “Don’t Cry for the IMF, Argentina.” Weisbrot, Mark (2001b) “IMF ‘Rescue’ Won’t Help Latin America,” typescript, Center for Economic Policy Research, August, July, http://www.cepr.net/columns/weisbrot/imf_rescue_latin_america.htm. (The Web posting says the article appeared in the Philadelphia Inquirer on August 13, but neither Nexis nor the Philadelphia Inquirer Web site lists it.) Weisbrot, Mark (2001c) quoted in “Argentina and IMF,” press release, Institute for Public Accuracy, August 29, 2001. Weisbrot, Mark (2001d) “‘Helpers’ Such as IMF Make a Junkie of Argentina,” Los Angeles Times, September 5, part 2, p. 13; at http://www.cepr.net/columns/weisbrot/what's_at_stake_in_argentina.htm as “What’s at Stake in Argentina.” (Thomas Dawson of the International Monetary Fund responded with a letter “IMF Loan Agreement Good for Argentina,” Los Angeles Times, September 15, 2001, home edition, part 2, p. 14, http://www.imf.org/external/np/vc/2001/091501.htm.) Weisbrot, Mark (2001e) “Another IMF Crash,” November 21, The Nation Web site, http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20011210&s=weisbrot. Weisbrot, Mark (2001f) “Argentina’s Crisis, IMF’s Fingerprints,” Washington Post, December 25, p. A33. Weisbrot, Mark (2002a) Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Financial Services, Subcommittee on International Monetary Policy and Trade, Hearing on “Argentina’s Economic Meltdown—Causes and Remedies,” Serial No. 107-52, March 5, http://financialservices.house.gov/media/pdf/107-52.pdf. Weisbrot, Mark (2002b) “IMF Playing with Fire in Argentina,” typescript, Center for Economic Policy Research, http://www.cepr.net/columns/weisbrot/imf_playing_with_fire_in_argentina.htm. Weisbrot, Mark (2002c) “When Surrender Isn’t Good Enough,” New London Day (Connecticut), April 25, at http://www.cepr.net/columns/weisbrot/when_surrender.htm. Weisbrot, Mark (2002d) “What Are They Doing to Argentina?,” typescript, Center for Economic Policy Research, June, http://www.cepr.net/columns/weisbrot/what_are_they_doing_to_argentina.htm. (The Web posting says the article appeared in the Miami Herald on June 25, but neither Nexis nor the Miami Herald Web site lists it.) [Weisbrot, Mark] (2002e) “Si la Argentina crece, no necesita pactar con el FMI,” by Natasha Niebieskikwiat, Clarín, Buenos Aires, June 17, http://www.cepr.net/la_negociacion_externa.htm. Weisbrot, Mark (2003a) “It’s Due to the Economy, Stupid,” Bangkok Post, May 24, no page number in Nexis. Weisbrot, Mark (2003b) “Argentina Must Stand Up to IMF,” Miami Herald, Broward edition, August 19, p. B9. Weisbrot, Mark, and Dean Baker (co-director, Center for Economic Policy Research) (2002a) “What Happened in Argentina?,” typescript, Center for Economic Policy Research, January 31, http://www.cepr.net/publications/argentina_2002_01_31.htm.

52 *Weisbrot, Mark, and Dean Baker (2002b) “When ‘Good Parents’ Go Bad: The IMF in Argentina,” typescript, Center for Economic Policy Research, Washington, April 2, http://cepr.net/When%20Good%20Parents%20Go%20Bad.pdf. Weisbrot, Mark, and Alan B. Cibils (2002) “Argentina’s Crisis: The Cost and Consequences of Default to the International Financial Institutions,” typescript, Center for Economic Policy Research, Washington, November 19, http://www.cepr.net/Argentina_Crisis.pdf. Weisbrot, Mark, see Baker, Dean; Cibils, Alan B. Weller, Christian (senior economist, Center for American Progress) (2003) “Austerity or Bust? Argentina’s Options for Economic Revival,” Challenge, v. 45, no. 3, May-June, pp. 44-57. *Wijnholds, J. Onno de Beaufort (Washington representative, European Central Bank, formerly [1994-2002] an executive director, International Monetary Fund) (2003) “The Argentine Drama: A View from the IMF Board,” pp. 101-19 in Jan Joost Teunissen and Age Akkerman, editors, The Crisis That Was Not Prevented: Lessons for Argentina, the IMF and Globalization, The Hague: FONDAD, http://www.fondad.org/publications/argentina/Fondad-Argentina-Chapter7.pdf. Willett, Thomas D. (professor of economics, Claremont Graduate University, formerly deputy assistant secretary for international research, U.S. Treasury) (2002a) “Failure to Follow IMF Advice Led to Crisis,” letter to the editor, Los Angeles Times, January 10, part 2, p. 14. Willett, Thomas D. (2002b) “Fear of Floating Needn’t Imply Fixed Rates: Feasible Options for Intermediate Exchange Rate Regimes,” typescript, May, http://econ.claremontmckenna.edu/papers/2002-18.pdf. *Willett, Thomas D. (2002b) “Crying for Argentina,” Milken Institute Review, 2nd quarter, pp. 50-9, at http://www.milkeninstitute.org; also at http://econ.claremontmckenna.edu/papers/2002-24.pdf. Willett, Thomas D. (2003) “The OCA [Optimum Currency Area] Approach to Exchange Rate Regimes: A Perspective on Recent Developments,” pp. 154-71 in Dominick Salvatore, James W. Dean, and Thomas D. Willett, editors, The Dollarization Debate, New York: Oxford University Press. Willett, Thomas D., see Martin, Pamela; Salvatore, Dominick. Williamson, John (senior fellow, Institute for International Economics, formerly chief economist for South Asia, World Bank, and professor of economics, Pontifica Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro) (1995) What Role for Currency Boards? Policy Analyses in International Economics No. 40. Washington: Institute for International Economics. Williamson, John (1997) “Features and Implications of Currency Boards: Thoughts About the Argentine Situation,” pp. 7-9 in Guillermo E. Perry, editor (World Bank) (1997) Currency Boards and External Shocks: How Much Pain, How Much Gain? Washington: World Bank. [Williamson, John] (2001a) “The Greenback Effect,” by Joanna Gajewski, WorldLink, v. 14, no. 3, May, pp. 28f. [Williamson, John] (2001b) “IIE’s John Williamson Comments on Argentina’s Financial Crisis,” by Bill Hieronymous, Bloomberg news wire, December 31. Williamson, John (2002a) “The Poor Need a Stake in Developing Countries,” Financial Times, U.S. edition, April 8, p. 19. Williamson, John (2002b) Comments in National Bureau of Economic Research (2002b). [Williamson, John] (2002c) “Interview with John Williamson” by Tony Snow, “Fox Special Report with Brit Hume” television show, Fox News, August 8.

53 Williamson, John (2003a) “Dollarization Does Not Make Sense Everywhere,” pp. 172-6 in Dominick Salvatore, James W. Dean, and Thomas D. Willett, editors, The Dollarization Debate, New York: Oxford University Press; an earlier version, from October 2000, is at http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/williamson1000.htm. Williamson, John (2003b) “Summing Up,” pp. 305-21 in Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski and John Williamson, editors, After the Washington Consensus: Restarting Growth and Reform in Latin America, Washington: Institute for International Economics, http://www.iie.com/publications/chapters_preview/350/11iie3470.pdf. Williamson, John (2003c) “The Poor Need a Stake in Developing Countries,” letter to the editor, Financial Times, U.S. edition, p. 19. Williamson, John (2003c) Remarks in “Comments and Discussion on the Argentine Papers,” p. 117 in Susan M. Collins and Dani Rodrik, editors, Brookings Trade Forum 2002, Washington: Brooking Institution Press. Williamson, John (2004a) “The Choice of Exchange Rate Regime: The Relevance of International Experience to China’s Decision,” lecture outline, September 7, http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/williamson0904.pdf. Williamson, John (2004b) “”The Years of Emerging Market Crises: A Review of Feldstein,” Journal of Economic Literature, v. 42, no. 3, September, pp. 822-37. Wise, Carol (associate professor of international relations, University of Southern California—a political scientist; listed because of her work with Manuel Pastor, Jr.) (1999) “Argentina: The Next Emerging-Market Crisis?,” Journal of Commerce, July 30, p. 9. Wise, Carol (2000) “Argentina’s Currency Board: The Ties That Bind?,” pp. 93-122 in Carol Wise and Riordan Roett, editors, Exchange Rate Politics in Latin America, Washington: Brookings Institution Press. Wise, Carol, see Pastor, Jr., Manuel. Wolf, Holger C. (associate professor of foreign service, George Washington University, formerly World Bank) see Ghosh, Atish R. World Bank, Web site, http://www.worldbank.org. The Executive Board of the World Bank reviewed a report in 2002 called “Argentina: What Happened? A Retrospective Review,” document SecM2002-0364; it apparently has not been released. Wynne, Mark A. (senior economist and vice president, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas), see Gruben, William C.; Kydland, Finn E. Zarazaga, Carlos E. J. M. (executive director, Center for Latin American Studies, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Argentine origin) (1994) “Revenues from the Inflation Tax and the Laffer Curve: Some Preliminary Empirical Findings for Argentina and Israel,” Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Working Paper No. 94-12, July. Zarazaga, Carlos E. J. M. (1995a) “Can Currency Boards Prevent Devaluations and Financial Meltdowns?,” Southwest Economy (Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas), no. 4, July/August, pp. 6-9, http://www.dallasfed.org/research/swe/1995/swe9504.pdf. Zarazaga, Carlos E. J. M. (1995b) “Argentina, Mexico and Currency Boards: Another Case of Rules Versus Discretion,” Economic Review (Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas), 4th Quarter, pp. 14-24. Zarazaga, Carlos E. J. M. (1997) “Currency Boards and the Problem of Time Inconsistency: The Role of Fiscal Institutions in Keeping Inflation Low,” with discussion, pp. 54-73, 166-7 in Maggie Tan Pin Neo, editor, Currency Board System: A Stop-Gap Measure or a Necessity;

54 Currency Board System Symposium ‘97, Singapore: Board of Commissioners of Currency, Singapore. Zarazaga, Carlos E. J. M. (1999) “Building a Case for Currency Boards,” Pacific Economic Review, v. 4, no. 2, June, pp. 139-64. *Zarazaga, Carlos E. J. M. (2003) “Conjectures on Why a Devaluation Did Not Cure Argentina,” Revista Venezolana de Análisis de Coyuntura, v. 9, no. 1, January-June, pp. 11-39. Zarazaga, Carlos E. J. M. see Gruben, William C.; Kydland, Finn; McComb, Robert. (Zarazaga also wrote two papers with Leonard Nakamura on Argentina in the early 1900s, but they are not directly relevant to the convertibility system.)

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