Bridgette Martin Hard
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Learning, Remembering, and Understanding. Technical Report No
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 217 401 CS 00t 724 AUTHOR Brown, Ann L.; And Others TITLE Learning, Remembering, and Understanding. Technical Report No. 244. INSTITUTION Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.; Illinois Univ., Urbana. Center for the Study of Reading. SPONS AGENCY National Inst. of Child Health and Human Development (NIH), Bethesda, Md.; National inst. of Education (ED), Washington, DC.; Public Health Service (DHEW), Rockville, Md. PUB DATE Jun 82 CONTRACT 400-76-0116 GRAN PHS-HD00111; PHS-HD-05951; PHS-HD-06864 264p. DRS PRICE MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Child Development; Child Psychology; *Cognitive Development; Comprehension; Epistemology; Intervention; *Learning; *Learning Theories; *Memory; *Metacognition; Reading Research; State of the Art Reviews ABSTRACT Intended as a chapter in/"Carmichael's Manual of Child Psychology," this paper provides ari overview and interpretation of the work already completed on children's learning, remembering, and understanding with a major concentration on academic cognition. The first part of the paper provides a brief overview of the principal trends of the 1970s and a statement of the advances in the understanding of children's learning that were made during that period. A second section contains a selected review of the literature that highlights the interactive nature of learning. The literature is organized within a framework referred to as the tetrahedral model through which the activities and characteristics of learners in response to variations in criterial tasks and stimulus materials are considered. A third section examines some of the controversies surrounding metacognition and other concepts such as executive control and self-regulation, while the final section concentrates on intervention research and the importance of considering instructional effects when formulating basic developmental theory. -
Continuity and the Persistence of Objects: When the Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of the Parts
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 37, 28±59 (1998) ARTICLE NO. CG980688 Continuity and the Persistence of Objects: When the Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of the Parts D. Geoffrey Hall University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada In three experiments, a total of 480 participants heard a version of the story of the ship of Theseus (Hobbes, 1672/1913), in which a novel object, labeled with a possessive noun phrase, underwent a transformation in which its parts were replaced one at a time. Participants then had to decide which of two objects carried the same possessive noun phrase as the original: the one made entirely of new parts (that could be inferred to be continuous with the original) or one reassembled from the original parts (that could not be inferred to be continuous with the original). Partici- pants often selected the object made of new parts, despite the radical transformation. However, the tendency to do so was signi®cantly stronger (1) if the object was described as an animal than if it was described as an artifact, (2) if the animal's transformation lacked a human cause than if it possessed one, and (3) if the selection was made by adults or 7-year-olds than if it was made by 5-year-olds. The ®ndings suggest that knowledge about speci®c kinds of objects and their canonical transfor- mations exerts an increasingly powerful effect, over the course of development, upon people's tendency to rely on continuity as a criterion for attributing persistence to objects that undergo change. 1998 Academic Press This research was supported by an operating grant from the NSERC of Canada and by funds from the MRC Cognitive Development Unit, London, England. -
“I Want to Try and Try”: Increasing Achievement Motivation in Young Children
“I WANT TO TRY AND TRY”: INCREASING ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION IN YOUNG CHILDREN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Allison Master May 2011 © 2011 by Allison Leigh Master. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/hx314zv7838 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Carol Dweck, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Ellen Markman I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Gregory Walton Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii ABSTRACT Motivation to learn plays a critical role in students’ academic success. This dissertation reports five experiments (N = 250) that increase children’s motivation (specifically, challenge seeking and persistence) through storybooks. -
Stanford Undergraduate Psychology Conference
STANFORD UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY ABabcdfghiejkl Jordan Hall, Bldg. 420 Stanford, California 94305-2130 May 15, 2004 Dear Participants, It is a great pleasure to welcome you, on behalf of Stanford University and the Department of Psychology, to the 4th Annual Stanford Undergraduate Psychology Conference – brought to you through the extraordinary efforts of Felicity Miao and her colleagues, the Stanford Undergraduate Psychology Association, and the Stanford Chapter of Psi Chi. We are delighted that you have come to join us in this venture. For years, I have believed that the single best thing that we can do to improve undergraduate education in psychology is to get more students involved in their own research projects. Certainly, when I was a student here a zillion years ago, the opportunity to do independent research – to pursue my own ideas, to replace speculation with evidence, and to contribute to our collective endeavor – was the highlight of my own undergraduate program. To this day, I remember the excitement and the details of that project. Indeed, the only thing lacking in my era was the opportunity that you all have today, to present and discuss the results of your research with other interested students. (Had there been such an opportunity, I might have learned in time that the article I eventually published on my study should not have been titled, “An Experimental Analysis of the Factors Determining the Obedience of Four-Year-Old Children to Adult Females,” a paper that no one ever read, but something more informative and interesting like, “Why Don’t Young Children Obey Their Own Mothers?”).