CBA Registered Company No. 01760254 Registered Charity in England No. 287815 Registered Charity in Scotland No. SC041971

Trustees’ Annual Report for the period

From 1st April 2019 to 31st March 2020

Council for British (A company limited by guarantee)

Championing Archaeology and Public Participation in Archaeology

THE COUNCIL FOR BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGY (A company limited by guarantee)

President Dan Snow

Honorary Vice-Presidents Dr Peter Addyman CBE, former Director of the Archaeological Trust & former CBA President David Baker, former Vice-President of the CBA Professor Dame CBE, Emeritus Professor, University of Durham & former CBA President Professor Barry W Cunliffe CBE, Emeritus Professor, & former CBA President Dr Philip Dixon, former CBA Honorary Secretary & President Professor Peter J Fowler, Emeritus Professor, University of Newcastle upon Tyne & former CBA President Frances Griffith, Devon County Archaeologist & former CBA Honorary Secretary George Lambrick, former Director of the CBA Professor Richard Morris OBE, former Director of the CBA Paul Oldham, former Honorary Treasurer of the CBA Dr Kate Pretty CBE, former CBA President Dr Francis Pryor MBE, former CBA President

Trustees K Smith, Chair (appointed 2017) Professor C Lewis, Vice Chairman (co-opted 2016, elected 2017) Mr T J Hedley-Jones, Hon Secretary (first elected 2015, re-elected 2018 ) Vacant, Hon Treasurer Mrs M I Butler (first elected 2015, re-elected 2018) Lady S J Dormer (elected 2017) Dr L Dyson (first elected 2015, re-elected 2018) Dr S J Elliot (elected 2017) Mrs F E Gale (co-opted 2018, elected 2018) Professor K D Lilley (elected 2017) Dr A Spaull (co-opted 2016, elected 2017) Mr J W E Taylor (elected 2017)

Chief Executive Officer Dr M Heyworth (up to 31 March 2020) Mr N I Redfern (appointed 2 April 2020)

Resources Committee K Smith, Chair Vacant, Hon Treasurer Dr A Spaull Mr J W E Taylor Mr F Taylor (ex-Trustee and previous Hon Treasurer)

The Council for British Archaeology was founded in 1944 for the 'safeguarding of all kinds of archaeological material and the strengthening of existing measures for the care of ancient and historic buildings, monuments, and antiquities' and to improve public education about archaeology.

Company registered number 01760254

Charity registered number SC041971 and 287815

Registered office 92 Micklegate, York, YO1 6JX

Company secretary Mr N I Redfern

Independent auditors Armstrong Watson Audit Limited, York House, Northallerton, North Yorkshire, DL6 2XQ Page 1

THE COUNCIL FOR BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGY (A company limited by guarantee)

CONTENTS

Page

Foreword 3 Chair Executive Director

Our purpose 5

Participation: People and Archaeology 5

Trustees' report 7 - 21

Independent auditors' report 22 - 24

Statement of financial activities 25

Balance sheet 26

Notes to the financial statements 27 - 40

Post year end In December 2019, news emerged from China that a new Coronavirus had developed and subsequently we have seen its spread across the world, impacting on the lives of every family and every nation. Its financial impact will be felt in 2020 and beyond. For the CBA it has meant that our annual reporting cycle has been delayed and that we have been able to reflect some additional funding support received during 2020. This has helped us deliver a stable performance and renewed strategic direction as set out in these accounts. It highlights the confidence key funders have in our purpose and direction and makes us confident that our business continuity plans will ensure our vital role for people and archaeology continues.

The nationwide lockdowns by the UK Government and devolved administrations in response to the crisis have heightened awareness of the importance of keeping people connected and the vital role archaeology plays in keeping people active and engaged with benefits to people’s health and well-being. When this crisis ends, the CBA’s role to Champion Archaeology and Public Participation will become even more crucial in this regard.

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Foreword

A message from our Chair: Ken Smith

The Council for British Archaeology has long been one of the stalwarts of the archaeological scene. Established in 1944, the CBA has strongly and consistently supported public advocacy and engagement with archaeology in all its forms, helping people appreciate and care for the historic environment.

The CBA has a wide national remit, from producing the magazine ‘British Archaeology’ and specialist publications, to supporting the 12 regional CBA groups across England and Wales and the UK-wide Young Archaeologists’ Clubs, to organising the Festival of Archaeology and in providing training, skill building opportunities and bursaries to community groups. The CBA also has a statutory planning remit, as it is one of the six National Amenity Societies that are consulted on listed building applications. The organisation also supports numerous public initiatives and is an advocate for campaigning in support of the historic environment. 2020 sees the conclusion of our current strategy and business plan to support ‘Archaeology for All’ where everyone will be able enjoy, understand and care for the historic environment and why it matters. This vision has underpinned our aims and objectives over the past 3 years to help people across the United Kingdom to: Participate; Discover; Advocate, and Sustain Archaeology and the Historic Environment.

2019/20 was a year which saw us complete our major internal review of the CBA purpose and direction. Undertaken by external consultants through an NLHF-funded Resilient Heritage Project, the work will inform how we approach both audience development and income generation. Referred to as our Strategy for Growth it will focus on aspiration and intent and set clear goals for growing audience engagement, impact, revenue and resilience in the next plan period.

Finally, March 2020 saw our longstanding Executive Director Dr Mike Heyworth MBE, step down from his role to move on to new challenges. We are hugely grateful to Mike for all his hard work, dedication and commitment to the CBA for over 30 years. He has helped us navigate an ever-changing world and it is now up to his successor, Neil Redfern to ensure that we build on the strong platform Mike created. The development and implementation of our new business cycle has obviously been challenged by the Covid-19 pandemic but as Neil sets out in his introduction, Strategy for Growth intended the CBA to refocus its energy on public participation in archaeology and increasing our membership and resilience by moving to a more connected and engaging offer and operation. The need to do this to ensure we can continue to champion archaeology in the United Kingdom remains as critical as when we were founded, out of the ruins of our towns and cities following the Second World War, in 1944.

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A message from our Executive Director: Neil Redfern

At the time of writing this introduction it is exactly a year since I heard that our longstanding Director Dr Mike Heyworth, had announced that he was stepping down from his role leading the CBA. I cannot overstate the importance of the job Mike has achieved in keeping the CBA going over his tenure and the fall out of the economic crash of 2008. That I can take over 12 years later is down to his efforts to maintain a clear role and purpose and to draw in much needed resources. His work culminated in our Strategy for Growth resilient heritage project funded by the National Lottery Heritage Fund. This comprehensive overview of our business, aspirations, vision, audience and direction has provided us with a much-needed springboard from which to jump forward. It places public participation and the championing of archaeology at the heart of what we do – it is why I was so keen to join the CBA and lead this transition. For me it has been a homecoming, having started my career with the CBA in 1997 researching 20th Century Fortifications in the UK, I then moved onto the pioneering public participation research project called the Defence of Britain Project.

Little did I know when I submitted my application quite what a year it would turn out to be. I was aware of the difficult financial position, but Strategy for Growth gave a clear direction and purpose. My interview focused turning these ambitions into action. By the time I started on 2nd April 2020 we were in the new world of ‘lockdown’ and the ‘R-number’.

It has been quite a period of transition, working to both establish my role and deal with the impact of Covid-19. Whilst we have not been able to take forward some aspects of Strategy for Growth, such as the much-needed updating of our digital infrastructure, we have been able to transform how we behave and relate to our key audiences. Covid-19 has impacted on all aspects of archaeological research and activities not least public and community archaeology. We had to turn our annual Festival of Archaeology into a digital festival and we have had to find ways to support our groups and Young Archaeologist Clubs to remain active. It has not been easy but it has enabled us to take Strategy for Growth and shape it to a clear purpose and set of values for championing open and public archaeology – a process that has public participation at its heart.

2019 marks the end of our three-year strategy cycle ‘Archaeology for All’ which in turn built on ‘Archaeology Matters’. Both these values remain core to the aspirations of the CBA but what I want to achieve over the next three years is to energise public participation and the role archaeology can play in shaping places and communities. I am often asked what archaeology is and why it matters. Simply put, archaeology is how we create the collage of place and memory; it is how we shape and relate the past to the places we live in today and to who we are as people; it’s how we ask great questions and explore the meaning of the world around us. This is open to everyone and anyone can enrich the process and outcome.

This is how we will define our work moving forward: Championing Archaeology and Public Participation in Archaeology Page 4

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CBA’s Purpose

The CBA exists to champion archaeology and public participation in archaeology

People and Archaeology

Archaeology is an activity which enables people to understand, interpret and appreciate the physical remains from the past. Archaeology allows us to care for our heritage and the benefits it can bring.

Archaeology is concerned with understanding humankind – not simply knowing about physical remains from all periods of the past but appreciating how these influence us and shape our understanding of people and places today and for the future. Archaeology is about the joy of discovery and the creation of knowledge; it is about the shaping and sharing of stories, some of which have been lost for centuries, some of which may challenge us and open new ways of looking at places that we live in and visit. Archaeology is a collaborative process that brings a time depth and breadth of knowledge to our thinking about the past and the challenges we face as a society today. It thrives on debate and discussion and has space for multiple narratives. It encompasses and draws on the natural environment, identity, science, politics, humanities, arts and culture to create understanding of our place in the world today.

Strategic Activities The CBA delivers our purpose to champion the public and cultural value of archaeology and archaeological activity by:

 caring and campaigning for archaeology and the benefits of public participation  connecting and inspiring people through archaeology  celebrating, supporting and nurturing the work of volunteers, members, partners, professionals, academics, communities and wider society  creating opportunities to enable people to participate, discover and explore archaeology in ways that are both inclusive and diverse, and which invite others to do the same.

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Underpinning Principles The CBA’s core values underpin our approach to archaeology. We aim to be:

Inclusive and Participatory o Archaeology is for all – it is everywhere, anyone can participate, it is open to everyone. Our role is to help people to discover and explore stories and connections using archaeology. o Archaeology enables us to bring together diverse communities and create inclusive practice.

Curious and Enquiring o Archaeology is about curiosity and enquiry – it helps shape the questions we ask about ourselves and our environment - the places we live, work, learn from and visit. o Archaeology is an activity that helps generate understanding, knowledge and cultural value. It helps us think about ourselves, our wider world and the connections in between.

Collaborative o Archaeology is best done as a co-operative process – as a conversation between people and groups which leads to different, richer, more dynamic and sustainable outcomes. o There are many ways to participate in archaeology and we seek to work collaboratively with partner organisations of all sizes nationwide to increase the opportunities for everyone to get involved. Creative, communicative and connective o Archaeology is about thinking creatively: recognising, understanding, creating and enhancing cultural value. o Archaeology makes an important societal contribution to education, social and economic resilience, health and wellbeing and keeping people connected. o Understanding, assessing and communicating the impact and value of archaeology and participation helps us develop new methods for improving access and increasing benefits to communities caring for their environment.

Caring and Campaigning o Archaeology is central to our understanding of the natural and historic environment and how we can care for it, campaign for it, protect and enhance it.

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TRUSTEES' REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2020

The Trustees present their annual report together with the audited financial statements of the company for the year 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020. The Trustees confirm that the Annual Report and financial statements of the company comply with the current statutory requirements, the requirements of the company's governing document and the provisions of the Statement of Recommended Practice (SORP), applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2015) as amended by Update Bulletin 1 (effective 1 January 2015).

Since the company qualifies as small under section 383, the strategic report required of medium and large companies under The Companies Act 2006 (Strategic Report and Director's Report) Regulations 2013 is not required.

Objectives and Activities a. POLICIES AND OBJECTIVES The Council for British Archaeology (CBA) aims to promote 'Archaeology for all', so that everyone feels that they have a part to play in understanding and caring for the archaeology heritage of the UK. Our vision is Archaeology for All; everyone should know how they can enjoy, understand, and care for the historic environment, and why it matters.

b. STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVING OBJECTIVES CBA is an independent charity working to open up the UK's rich heritage for all and safeguard it for future generations. During the year 2019-20, it worked to do this through the following strategic goals of the CBA strategy 2016-19: (i) Participation - working with its network and members to create new opportunities for participation, informing a widening popular audience about archaeology, promoting the development of skills and learning opportunities at a local level, and engaging young people and diversifying participation. (ii) Discovery - enabling and supporting research by others to advance knowledge in archaeology, providing a platform for the archaeological community to communicate and engage with others, making new thinking in archaeological research accessible to non-specialist audiences, publishing learning material to encourage and support greater participation, and creating opportunities for participation and breaking down barriers. (iii) Advocacy - championing the role of the voluntary sector in archaeological research and activity, campaigning to ensure that archaeology has a place in education and lifelong learning, promoting care of the historic environment through key partnerships, maintaining its statutory role in listed building casework to meet changes in the planning system, and building capacity in its networks to champion the local historic environment.

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(iv) Sustainability - campaigning for action to ensure sustainability for the historic environment and to combat the effects of climate change, working with the CBA's UK network to enhance its collective capacity and the benefits offered whilst raising the public profile for the CBA's achievements and ensuring its long- term financial future.

These goals are supported by three strategic objectives which clearly define the remit and aspirations of the Council for British Archaeology:

Increasing public awareness and knowledge of the UK’s archaeological heritage • Developing and enhancing the resources available to engage young people with archaeology, including supporting the teaching of archaeology in schools and colleges • Expanding the range of publications aimed at a general audiences • Utilising forward-looking digital solutions to facilitate the development of skills and knowledge relating to the UK’s archaeological heritage and encourage wider participation • Supporting ambitions to encourage all finders to act responsibly when they discover archaeological material and encouraging greater public understanding of the value of portable antiquities to our growing knowledge of the UK’s archaeological heritage • Facilitating and empowering enhanced public stewardship of the UK’s archaeological heritage based on increased local understanding of the historic environment

Increasing the range and diversity of public participation in archaeology • Supporting innovative projects to enable wider public participation in activities linked with the understanding and stewardship of the UK’s archaeological heritage • Supporting greater involvement with young people throughout archaeology, especially via branches of the Young Archaeologists’ Club • Expanding the range and number of events in the Festival of Archaeology whilst encouraging increased participation from a more diverse audience Championing community archaeology and the diversification of public engagement with archaeology across the UK • Increasing the number of people with skills to work with volunteers and young people in order to facilitate their active involvement in archaeology

Enhancing the protection and stewardship of the UK’s archaeological heritage • Supporting the role of local authority historic environment advisory services, including seeking a statutory duty for planning authorities to have access to a professionally supported and maintained Historic Environment Record advisory service • Promoting the maintenance – and where appropriate enhancement – of levels of protection of the archaeological heritage on land and under the sea through the planning systems and other legislation/policies, and developing

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our role as a statutory consultee in relation to listed buildings in England and Wales, working with local partners, to promote buildings archaeology • Promoting the protection and appreciation of the UK’s archaeological heritage on land and under the sea to politicians and key decision makers across the UK and abroad • Promoting the enhancement of appropriate levels of curation for archaeological material in museum collections and elsewhere with appropriate public access to encourage use • Facilitating and empowering more local engagement with advocacy associated with the protection and stewardship of the UK’s archaeological heritage c. ACTIVITIES FOR ACHIEVING OBJECTIVES The objectives of the CBA during the year ended 31 March 2020 have been delivered through the following core activities:

(1) Responding to listed building casework as part of the role of a national amenity society i. Helped to protect historic buildings, filtering 6652 planning applications and responding to 694 listed building applications in England and Wales over the year. ii. Pursued our broader objectives of championing local archaeology, promoting care of the historic environment through our casework (links to our casework database for more information, as well as the CBA’s response):  Eastney anti-tank defences; https://casework.jcnas.org.uk/appl/155820  Oswestry Hillfort. https://casework.jcnas.org.uk/appl/157460 https://casework.jcnas.org.uk/appl/154277  Halstead Air Raid Shelters; https://casework.jcnas.org.uk/appl/152718  The Shears Inn, Kirklees https://casework.jcnas.org.uk/appl/151396 iii. Collaborated with other Heritage bodies, including Historic England and other National Amenity Societies in championing appropriate actions for vulnerable and sensitive sites:  Low Whita Farm; https://casework.jcnas.org.uk/appl/150273 where we were instrumental in achieving 2 Grade II* designations for this previously unprotected site.  Cholleys Farmhouse; https://casework.jcnas.org.uk/appl/154956 where we collaborated with other National Amenity Societies and Place Services at Essex County Council against the total loss of all evidential value of a phased site from the C16th.

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iv. Sought greater archaeological assessment and understanding within the planning process on multiple sites:  Cholleys Farmhouse; The Ferry Boat Inn, Norwich; https://casework.jcnas.org.uk/appl/154674  'Becketwell' Land Off Victoria Street, Green Lane, Macklin Street, Becket Street, Colyear Street and Becketwell Lane, Derby; https://casework.jcnas.org.uk/appl/153807  The Bristol Royal Infirmary; https://casework.jcnas.org.uk/appl/154566

(2) Responding to national archaeological issues in an advocacy capacity i. Development of a T Level in Archaeology. The proposed T Levels are to be vocational training qualifications for a wide range of skills in England. The option to develop a Cultural Heritage and Visitor Attractions panel was established – chaired by the CBA Director – Archaeology has now been moved to sit within this panel and work continues to find a more suitable pathway for archaeology within this important initiative. ii. Worked with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) over the immigration issues relating to the migration of workers post-Brexit. Government proposals, linked to salary levels rather than skills/need, would be a significant issue for archaeology due to extremely poor salary levels within a highly skilled profession. The CBA and CIfA successfully pressed for archaeology to be included on the ‘protected’ Occupational Shortages list to gain some exemption from the salary-based approach. The full implications of this achievement will be seen in the coming years. iii. Review of the Code of Practice linked with the Treasure Act was launched in February 2020. The CBA Director chaired various discussions linked with the consultation for the Portable Antiquities Scheme Advisory Group and The Archaeology Forum, as well as participating in a briefing for members of the All Party Parliamentary Archaeology Group. The CBA submitted a joint response to the consultation with CIfA. Further conversations are anticipated with DCMS staff to consider actions to follow up the consultation. iv. Monitored the development of the 25 Year Environment Plan and the recently published Agriculture Bill. v. Continued to be actively involved with the proposals for the A303 near . The Public Examination for the A303 Development Consent Order application at Stonehenge was held in Salisbury and completed in early October 2019. The CBA’s Hon Vice-President George Lambrick put in a great effort to submit written comments on the CBA’s behalf and he also attended the oral evidence sessions associated with cultural heritage issues.

(3) Managing the Young Archaeologists’ Club i. Facilitated an estimated 8,522 activity spaces for young people aged 8-16 to take part in practical archaeological activities across the UK through its Young Archaeologists’ Club (YAC).

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ii. Supported a YAC branch network totalling 74 local branches with three new branches opened during the year (Wells, Offa’s Dyke and The Sill (near Hexham) and a further five branches currently going through the approvals process. By the end of the year we had 524 vetted volunteers giving 1634 days of volunteer time over the year. Using the National Lottery Heritage Fund’s (NHLF) guidance on the equivalent monetary value of volunteer time, this represents an investment of £440,330 in directly engaging young people in archaeology across the YAC network. iii. The YAC website provides more than 100 individual online activities and a further 9 activity packs with a total of 91 additional activities for YAC leaders to use, bursting with information and activity ideas. In November 2019 we created a project to encourage YAC groups to send us their activities using a bespoke template. This was very successful and YAC leaders provided us with 15 new resources, including additional video content, bilingual instructions, and images. Working with partners, such as the PAS and Creswell Crags, we were also able to create two new session packs and four new standalone activities, representing a significant investment of time. iv. New partnerships also provided new training opportunities for YAC leaders, staff and young people aged 14-25, equating to 440 hours of free training. v. Ran a YAC branch leader’s training weekend in Oakham attended by 36 representatives from 20 YAC branches and 3 external organisations focussing on running test-pitting projects, safeguarding, online marketing and the role out of the Heritage Heroes award scheme. Funded by Shout Out Loud ,the NHLF Kick the Dust Project. vi. Eight more volunteers have completed First Aid training, and six volunteers have completed an online NSPCC child protection course and the CBA’s Child Protection Policy and Procedures (www.yac-uk.org/cba-child-protectionpolicy) has been updated as part of our commitment to safeguarding and child protection. vii. The Dig It! competition days doubled in size this year, with hosts in all four home countries providing placements for 20 YAC members. All have agreed to host again. viii. With funding from Historic Environment Scotland we undertook consultation with the Scottish YAC network and external heritage, education and youth-focused organisations in Scotland to explore ways of growing and enhancing the current provision. The results of the consultation informed a training and development day in November 2019. The project was well received by HES and the CBA has been invited to re-apply for further funding to develop the recommendations made. ix. In October 2019 the CBA employed Rachel Arbury as the new Youth Engagement Assistant, whose primary focus is on the daily administration of the YAC. This appointment has ensured that Youth Engagement now has the capacity to deliver beyond the age remit of the YAC group and support other areas of the CBA.

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(4) Supporting the CBA Regional Archaeology Groups i. Supported the important work of the 11 CBA regional groups in England, CBA Wales/Cymru and Archaeology Scotland – as well as the Northern Ireland Archaeology Forum. ii. Supported the annual CBA regional groups forum on 27 April 2019 in Redhill, Surrey. The forum provides an opportunity for the regional groups to come together to share news of their activities and discuss any challenges they face. The 2019 forum was hosted by CBA South East. iii. Created an Archaeology Resources Hub on the CBA website in response to the Coronavirus pandemic. The hub brought together a range of resources to help and support individuals and groups including online activities for adults and young people, details of appeals from heritage organisations and links to Coronavirus information and guidance. iv. Deposited the CBA’s Home Front Legacy project, which ran from 2014-18 with the Archaeology Data Service (ADS). This will enable the public to access and search the 5,660 sites across the UK recorded throughout the project. v. Published the bi-monthly British Archaeology magazine (circulation 12,000 per edition), quarterly members’ newsletters and monthly e-newsletters. vi. In 2019 we once again hosted the Marsh Archaeology Awards with a substantial number of high-quality applicants. Alongside the existing awards for Young Archaeologist of the Year, Community Archaeologist of the Year and the Marsh Award for Community Archaeology we introduced a new category of Early Career Researcher.

(5) Hosting and publicising events for the 2019 Festival of Archaeology i. The 2019 Festival was held from 13-28 July and over the course of the Festival 275 organisers provided 1,013 opportunities to get involved in archaeology nationwide. ii. A launch event was held at the British Museum on 13 July. The family friendly day included a wide range of activities such as re-enactors, hands on activities provided by a range of heritage organisations and a panel discussion by members of Time Team. The event saw the British Museums visitor numbers increase on the day from an average of 15,000 to 27,000. iii. The CBA took over the running of two existing events, A Day in Archaeology and #AskAnArchaeologist Day delivering these as headline events within the Festival programme. iv. The Festival of Archaeology website (https://festival.archaeologyuk.org/) was redeveloped to improve usability for event organisers and members of the public, enable a broader range of content and develop the mobile version of the site. A Youth section was added to the Festival website to highlight activities and events for young people. Skills certificates were also developed and event organisers were encouraged to incorporate skills training opportunities for young people aged 16-25 within their events.

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Wider Public Reach In addition to our core activities many CBA services are provided free of charge to our beneficiaries via the CBA’s gateway website (www.archaeologyUK.org), while free resources and information for young people, schools and volunteers can be accessed via the YAC website (www.yac-uk.org). The CBA’s web resources also include the Festival of Archaeology website (festival.archaeologyuk.org), as well as news feeds and a suite of other accessible tools for the study and practice of archaeology. An example of the latter being the Local Heritage Environment Network toolkit (http://new.archaeologyuk.org/lhen-toolkit). The gateway site is one of the largest providers of archaeological information in the world. Many of the CBA’s published works are also currently available free online – including over 100 CBA research reports via the Archaeology Data Service (http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/).

Over the year we reached 237,099 unique users through our educational website and sub- sites and 118,264 followers across social media– giving information, help and advice concerning archaeological heritage.

Although much information and service are given free of charge to further the charity’s objects, it is also necessary to secure varied revenue streams where practical to do so, as long as it does not harm the public benefit of the work. Book and magazine publications are set at a range of prices which ensure that they are accessible to most people immediately.

The CBA welcomes members as financial and moral supporters of its work. Membership products are available immediately through a variety of pricing mechanisms. The CBA also provides British Archaeology magazine through subscription and offers an online version, including back copies, now available online via Exact Editions (www.exacteditions.com/read/british-archaeology). Over the course of 2019/20 membership and subscription rates have remained stable with a small reduction in members and an increase in subscribers.

The CBA takes care to ensure that minimal environmental detriment or harm arises from its work. Its conservation goals support action for sustainable development. The historic environment and its assets are an inherently sustainable resource, saving energy, re-using material, generating employment, economic and environmental benefits through renewal and regeneration of historic places. The CBA’s environmental policy guides good practice in the organisation and its work, using paper from sustainable sources and the re-cycling of material where possible. This ethos flows into the outreach work of the CBA – encouraging others to follow suit. Care is taken to ensure that any restrictions to services are minimised to the greatest extent possible, whilst also maintaining vital income streams where necessary.

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THE COUNCIL FOR BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGY (A company limited by guarantee) d. GRANT MAKING POLICIES Grants are made available to the general public (both individuals and organisations) when funding is available and where projects are shown to fulfil stated criteria regarding research and/or public participation linked with the CBA's charitable objectives. A special fund operated in honour of the late Prof Mick Aston ran between 2019-20, see http://new.archaeologyuk.org/mick-aston-archaeology-fund. e. MAIN ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN TO FURTHER THE CHARITY’S PURPOSE FOR PUBLIC BENEFIT CBA trustees and staff have referred to the public benefit guidance issued by the Charity Commission of England and Wales and the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator when considering the organisation's aims and objectives and in planning future activities.

The identifiable benefits of the CBA's charitable work are outlined in the strategic objectives of the charity and throughout this report, in terms of implementation. Considerable resources are put into consultations and advocacy in pursuit of its remit where the eventual impact may be difficult to quantify and results from the cumulative effect of coordinated campaigning with others. The CBA works to good effect through umbrella bodies such as The Archaeology Forum, the Joint Committee of National Amenity Societies, Wildlife & Countryside Link and The Heritage Alliance to achieve its advocacy goals. f. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY The CBA aims to operate in a manner that will minimise damage caused by human interaction with the environment and to be an example of best practice to others.

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Achievements and performance

a. REVIEW OF ACTIVITIES The CBA is in a unique position to undertake advocacy for archaeology and the wider historic environment. It alone represents the entirety of interest in archaeological issues and is a crucial voice in major issues of the day, from the importance of responsible metal detecting on an individual basis, to the responsibilities of government on issues such as marine heritage management and national planning policy. The CBA helps to frame legislation in many cases and to ensure that appropriate implementation is undertaken. Members join us to lend the weight of their voice to support that work.

Considerable advocacy work was conducted through the year to ensure that archaeological issues were addressed at a local and wider level. Such work is both reactive and proactive, the former dealing with events as they arise and gathering consensus as to the way forward, the latter being conducted through such bodies as the All Party Parliamentary Archaeology Group having first obtained opinions from the general public and the sector. In particular, the CBA's Director chaired the board which oversees the new Heritage 2020 framework for England and continued to input into the development of historic environment policies in Wales. Participation is conducted through flagship activities such as the Festival of Archaeology and the Young Archaeologists' Club. The Festival continues to be the largest celebration of archaeology in the world.

The CBA continues to work to protect historic buildings with the other National Amenity Societies which have, since September 2017 been operating under a single email address that local authorities are now using to consult on Listed Building Consent applications. These are logged through the CBA-managed on-line Casework Hub (currently used by the CBA, the Victorian Society, the Georgian Group and the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings). 6652 consultations were received in 2019/20 of which 5003 were logged to the CBA. 694 (14%) of these were examined in detail and 201 consultation responses were sent to local planning authorities. The CBA has had a positive impact on the historic environment in 71% of all its consultation responses.

2019-20 saw the Young Archaeologists’ Club continue to grow in a sustainable manner, offering learning and development opportunities to young people across the UK. Partnerships with organisations such as English Heritage, Photoworks and the Portable Antiquities Scheme and smaller projects such as Ice Age Journeys/Creswell Crags and the Society for Children in the Past, have given our leaders the scope to learn new skills and enhanced the activity resources available to all. In addition, our annual Dig It! competition has grown, providing excavation and post-excavation placements to children across the UK through partnership work with research and commercial organisations. We have also continued to successfully deliver our funded projects with Historic England, Cadw and Historic Environment Scotland, all of which has provided the scope to explore long-term strategic goals informed by ongoing consultation, a key output being the creation of the YAC Steering Group, which has grown by a third in the last year. Such partnerships increase the sustainability of the YAC for the future by sharing resources, expertise and capacity to deliver mutually beneficial outputs. Furthermore, the learning and expertise of these external partnerships is supporting the CBA to develop its Youth Engagement programme beyond the YAC catchment age (8-16 years) and develop new pathways to engage young people at post 16. Key strategic projects include the creation of a Young Leaders Pathway, a YAC/CBA Youth Steering Group and a digital mentoring Page 15

THE COUNCIL FOR BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGY (A company limited by guarantee) scheme via our YAC Alumni Network with Festival activities utilised to showcase the work of the CBA specifically with 16+. Inevitably, the impact of Covid-19 will be felt throughout the network and our focus for the coming year will be to support the recovery of the YAC network, whilst not losing sight of our broader strategic plans for the YAC and our broader youth engagement work.

The Festival of Archaeology returned after a fallow year in 2018. Taking place from 13-28 July 2019, 275 organisers provided 1,013 opportunities to get involved in archaeology nationwide. Following a substantial redevelopment of the Festival website, including a new map-based event search, the Festival launched with a free family friendly event at the British Museum. A wide range of organisations participated in the day to create an event celebrating British archaeology including the Portable Antiquities Scheme, National Trust, and Ancientcraft. The event was a great success and saw visitor figures of at British Museum boosted dramatically from the average 15,000 visitors on a Saturday to 27,000 visitors. For 2019 the Festival also took on the delivery of two existing events. #AskAnArchaeologist day was set up by the National Trust Midlands and is a Twitter based event providing a chance for people from all over the world to ask archaeologists questions, and an opportunity for archaeologists to share their knowledge. A Day in Archaeology (https://festival.archaeologyuk.org/day) built on the successful volunteer run blog Day of Archaeology which was run from 2011-2017 by a dedicated team of archaeologists. The event enables individuals involved in archaeology to register on the Festival website and upload a blog about their day, sharing details of their involvement in archaeology. As ever, we had excellent levels of engagement from heritage organisations and local groups and societies who delivered a wide range of events of a high standard throughout the Festival fortnight.

The Home Front Legacy (NLHF) project engaged with communities and individuals around the country to record the remains of the First World War. The information recorded by members of the public via the NHLF recording app contributed a significant amount of new knowledge to the archaeological record enabling better understanding of the value of archaeological sites from the 20th century. Since the project ended in autumn 2018, work has been carried out to rationalise the data from the 5,000+ sites recorded and make it available via the Archaeology Data Service (ADS) website. The final stage of the project was completed with the launch of the Home Front Legacy archive on the Archaeology Data Service website in July 2020. The archive was released as part of the Digital Festival of Archaeology and provides access to records searchable through an interactive map and search function. Since its release the archive has already had over 1,400 page views. We hope the archive data will be used in future First World War research and help enable the enhanced protection of these sites through the planning system, particularly in relation to events and non-military sites. The educational resources created as part of the project also remain available via the Young Archaeologists’ Club and My Learning (www.mylearning.org) websites.

The CBA took forward the recommendations of the work funded in the previous year by the National Lottery Heritage Fund’s Resilient Heritage programme. The work undertaken resulted in the production of the Strategy for Growth, which set out a road map for ensuring greater financial resilience for the CBA through more effective engagement with a broader audience. The CBA began implanting the strategy, including by appointing a new full-time Communications & Marketing Manager and a new Business Transformation Director on two- year contracts to support the organisation through a period of change. The expanded staff

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team began to focus on improving communications with members and a broader audience, and on improving the CBA’s internal systems and digital infrastructure.

b. INVESTMENT POLICY AND PERFORMANCE The trustees are empowered to make and hold investments using the general funds of the charity. Such investments will not conflict with the general ethical standards expected of a UK archaeological body.

Financial review

a. GOING CONCERN The accounts have been prepared on the going concern basis. The charity has reported a net loss for the year of £111,166. The net current asset position at the year end was £41,035, down from £90,345 in the prior year. During 2019-20, the organisation made a significant investment in new staffing which increased costs and had not immediately realised the benefits from this investment by the year end, in terms of increased income. However, the board are confident that the investment in new staff will put the organisation in a much stronger position for the future. With increased capacity and new financial systems, the organisation is also in a much better position to monitor the changing financial position of the organisation through the year and to produce much more accurate forecasts in a monthly basis, so that appropriate action could be taken to cut costs if needed in a more timely way.

Post year end, the charity has been able to secure four separate grant investments, worth £349,479, from funds designed to help the heritage sector recover from the Covid-19 pandemic. The award of these three grants emphasises the important part that the CBA has to play in the heritage infrastructure and is a vote of confidence in the organisation’s ability both to weather the current storm and to support other organisations. The awards are: £49,967 from Historic England; £49,700 from the National Lottery Heritage Fund; £198,900 from the DCMS Cultural Recovery Fund and £50,912 from the Welsh Government Cultural Recovery Fund. Of these, £175,000 is in the form of contribution to the CBA’s core staffing and overhead costs, which will generate a surplus in 2020-21, putting the organisation in a very strong position to be able to start rebuilding the reserves that were used during 2019-20. The organisation has also been informed of a legacy going through probate which will contribute in the region of £70,000 to the organisation’s reserves; the legacy will probably be paid in early 2021-22.

The Board is confident that the organisation continues to work to generate more incoming resources, and have sufficient strategic options to reduce costs, so the business can continue and has the ability to meet its liabilities when they fall due. The directors (Trustees) have also considered the on-going situation with regard to COVID-19 as part of their going concern assessment. The view of the directors is that, while they acknowledge the significant disruption that the pandemic will bring over the coming weeks and months, the directors feel that the company is well placed to negotiate the unique set of conditions currently facing the UK economy. After consideration of all factors, the directors continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.

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b. PRINCIPAL FUNDING The income for the year was £553,606, a decrease of £198,000 on 2018-9. This was mainly due to lower levels of grant funding, where 2018-9 had seen a significant increase on the previous year. Expenditure for the year was £662,920 (2018-9 - £707,591) and comprised restricted and unrestricted funds. The organisation disposed of £60,000 of investments during the financial year to meet the costs of its activities, and the market value of the investments was reduced by £1852.

Overall total funds decreased for the year by £111,166 (2019 – increased by £44,687). At 31st March 2020, total funds carried forward are £52,250 (2019 - £163,416). Restricted funds total £57,274, leaving a negative balance of unrestricted funds.

c. RESERVES POLICY The Council gives due consideration to the level of reserves appropriate to its activities. It aims to monitor its fund balances in relation to its financial plans to ensure that sufficient funds are available to meet its objectives on a year-by-year basis. Trustees consider that the reserves at 31 March 2020 are below the minimum level required and they intend to continue to work towards increasing this amount to equal three months operating costs. At a minimum, Trustees set a target of adding at least £20,000 to the reserves in 2020/21. In practice, this target will be exceeded because of our success in securing Emergency support from a number of sources as detailed above.

Structure, governance and management

a. CONSTITUTION The Council was incorporated on 10 October 1983 under the Companies Act as a company limited by guarantee and not having a share capital. The Council for British Archaeology is a registered charity (with the Charity Commission of England & Wales and the Office of Scottish Charity Regulator - OSCR). It is governed via Articles of Association. These Articles of Association were reviewed during 2019-20, with the new Articles being adopted at the AGM in November 2019. The changes were intended to bring the CBA into line with current good practice and to reflect changes in Charity law. The changes relating to governance practice concerned the appointment of trustees and the composition of the board (see below) and the introduction of clauses to enable the Council to remove members or trustees whose behaviour would bring the organisation into disrepute.

b. METHOD OF APPOINTMENT OR ELECTION OF TRUSTEES The management of the company is the responsibility of the Trustees who are elected and co- opted under the terms of the Articles of Association. A board of up to 12 Trustees, elected by the membership, oversees the activities of the charity assisted by a small paid secretariat of staff and various voluntary advisory committees.

The adoption of the new Articles of Association brought the following changes into force: • Reducing the maximum number of Trustees from 15 to 12 • Reducing the number of Vice-Chairs from 3 to 1 • Reducing the maximum number of years a Trustee can serve consecutively from 9 to 6.

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c. POLICIES ADOPTED FOR THE INDUCTION AND TRAINING OF TRUSTEES The CBA has an induction process for Trustees that includes the provision of guidance on the responsibilities and duties of Trusteeship, information about the operations of the CBA and a review of the Risk Register. Reviews are conducted to ensure that the Trustee body has the relevant skills and experience to fulfil its role. d. PAY POLICY The CBA is committed to ensuring that we pay our people fairly and in a way which ensures we attract and retain the right skills to have the greatest impact in delivering our charitable objectives. In line with CBA’s commitment to equality and diversity, the CBA is committed to equal pay. Trustees do not receive payment, just reimbursement of out of pocket expenses in line with Charity Commission guidelines. Every member of staff in our organisation earns at least the Living Wage. No member of staff earns above £60,000 per annum. e. RISK MANAGEMENT The Trustees have assessed the major risks to which the company is exposed, in particular those related to the operations and finances of the company and are satisfied that systems and procedures are in place to mitigate our exposure to the major risks.

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Plans for future developments 2019-20 represented a much-needed year of consolidation and transformation for the CBA. We have worked hard to establish a new direction and take decisions to address the core resilience of the organisation after a number years with financial challenges.

These challenges remain and due to Covid-19 are very acute. However, never has the need for the CBA been stronger since the year of our foundation in 1944. It is imperative that it has the human resources necessary to undertake its continued role to Champion Archaeology and Public Participation. Members, Friends and Ambassadors of archaeology continue to be sought to help deliver a sustainable platform for the future. Please visit http://new.archaeologyuk.org/archaeology-matters/ to find out more.

Membership is an essential sustainable income generator for the long-term future. It supplies the CBA with a voice for campaigning, a pool of potential volunteers, as well as the much- needed finances in challenging economic circumstances. The CBA’s future resilience is dependent upon it and it will form the focus of activities and effort moving forward.

We hope to deliver a new digital infrastructure and website to place the CBA as the key ‘hub’ through which people and the public can interact with archaeology. We will establish a support network to allow people to explore their place in the work and to celebrate their local identity. We will build on our Festival of Archaeology and Young Archaeologist’s Club to underpin our open and inclusive approach to participation in archaeology. We will look to develop our core values into active campaign and manifesto to help challenge the wider archaeological sector to be more engaging and to place participation and public value at the heart of what they do. We will help partners demonstrate this approach and establish an evaluation framework to demonstrate its impact and value.

Trustees continue to steer the organisation towards a sustainable future to ensure that its valuable range of services continue.

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TRUSTEES' RESPONSIBILITIES STATEMENT

The Trustees (who are also directors of The Council for British Archaeology for the purposes of company law) are responsible for preparing the Trustees' report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS

Company law requires the Trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under company law the Trustees must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charitable company and of the incoming resources and application of resources, including the income and expenditure, of the charitable company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the Trustees are required to:  select the suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;  observe the methods and principles in the Charities SORP;  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;  prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the charitable company will continue in operation.

The Trustees are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the charitable company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the charitable company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charitable company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Each of the persons who are Trustees at the time when this Trustees’ report is approved has confirmed that:  so far as Trustees are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the charitable company’s auditors are unaware, and  that Trustees have taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a Trustee in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the charitable company’s auditors are aware of that information.

This report was approved by the Trustees on 11th December 2020 and signed on their behalf by:

Mr K Smith, Chair of Trustees

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