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Table of Contents CONTENTS Page PART i SESSION 1: INTEGRATED AVIONICS Cochairmen: H. E. Smith, Johnson Space Center W. C. Bradford, Marshall Space Flight Center J. A. Anderson, Kennedy Space Center EVOLUTION OF SHUTTLE AVIONICS REDUNDANCY MANAGEMENT/FAULT TOLERANCE ...... Jack C. Boykin_' Joseph'R_ Thibodeau, and'Henry'E. Schneider SHUTTLE AVIONICS SOFTWARE -- TRIALS, TRIBULATIONS AND SUCCESSES . 19 O. L. Henderson SHUTTLE AVIONICS SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT -- TRIALS, TRIBULATIONS, AND SUCCESSES: THE BACKUP FLIGHT SYSTEM ............. 30 Edward S. Chevers FLIGHT SOFTWARE FAULT TOLERANCE VIA THE BACKUP FLIGHT SYSTEM 35 Terry D. Humphrey and Charles R. Price SSME DIGITAL CONTROL DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS ............. 38 Walter T. Mitchell and Richard F. Searle _tAN-MACHINE INTERFACE AND CONTROL OF THE SHUTTLE DIGITAL FLIGHT SYSTEM .......................-.. - 47 Richard D. Burghduff and James L. Lewis, Jr. SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE HARDWARE SIMULATION ............ 54 H. G. Vick and P. W. Hampton DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE VERIFICATION PROCESS FOR THE SHUTTLE AVIONICS SYSTEM ................. 64 H. E. Smith, W. B. Fouts, and J. Mesmer GROUND/MAN-MACHINE INTERFACES FOR ORBITER CHECKOUT ......... 76 F. Herb Blackmon INTEGRATION OF GROUND AND ON-BOARD SYSTEM FOR TERMINAL COUNT .... 81 Charles A. Abner and Don H. Townsend INTEGRATED DESIGN CHECKOUT OF SHUTTLE PAYLOAD AVIONICS INTERFACES .................. 87 John F. Muratore'and Kathy K. Whitcomb vii Precedingpageblank Page AUTOMATIONOFCHECKOUTFORTHESHUTTLEOPERATIONSERA 97 Judith A. Anderson and Kenneth O. Hendrickson SESSION2: GUIDANCE,NAVIGATION,ANDCONTROL Cochairmen: Dr. K. J. Cox, Johnson Space Center K. J. Szalai, AmesResearch Center/ Dryden Flight Research Facility SHUTTLENAVIGATIONSTATUS ..................... 102 Emil R. Schiesser DESCENTGUIDANCEANDMISSIONPLANNINGFORSPACESHUTTLE...... 113 B. Kent Joosten SOMEEFFECTSOFDIGITALSAMPLINGONORBITERFLIGHTCONTROL SYSTEMOPERATION......................... 125 S. V. Murray SPACESHUTTLEHANDLINGQUALITIES.................. 137 David W. Gilbert LOW-SPEEDLONGITUDINALORBITERFLYINGQUALITIES .......... 143 Bruce G. Powers SESSION3: AERODYNAMICS Cochairmen: B. G. Jackson, Johnson Space Center C. D. Andrews, Marshall Space Flight Center W. I. Scallion, Langley Research Center THESPACESHUTTLEASCENTVEHICLEAERODYNAMICCHALLENGES-- CONFIGURATIONDESIGNANDDATABASEDEVELOPMENT.......... 151 Charlie C. Dill, J. C. Young, B. B. Roberts, M. K. Craig, J. T. Hamilton, and W. W. Boyle THESPACESHUTTLELAUNCHVEHICLEAERODYNAMICVERIFICATION CHALLENGES.............. 177 R. O. Wallace, L. D. Austin; J.'G] Hondros," " T. E. Surber, L. M. Gaines, and J. T. Hamilton THEAERODYNAMICCHALLENGESOFSRBRECOVERY............. 189 D. L. Bacchus, D. A. Kross, and R. D. Moog ..............L__ ____..... -..... _ __ viii Page THE AERODYNAMIC CHALLENGES OF THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF • • ••eeeoo 209 JamesTHE SPACEC. Young,SHUTTLEJimmyORBITERM. Underwood,.... Ernest R. Hilije, Arthur M. Whitnah, Paul O. Romere, Joe D. Gamble, Barney B. Roberts, George M. Ware, William I. Scallion, Bernard Spencer, Jr., James P. Arrington, and Deloy C. Olsen THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF AERODYNAMIC UNCERTAINTIES; AND FLIGHT TEST VERIFICATION FOR THE SPACE SHUTTLE ORBITER .... 264 Joe D. Gamble, Douglas R. Cooke, Jimmy M. Underwood, Howard W. Stone, Jr., and Donald C. Schlosser AERODYNAMIC CHALLENGES OF ALT .................. 295 Ivy Hooks, David Homan, and Paui Romere THE ORBITER AIR DATA SYSTEM .................... 313 Ernest R. HillJe SESSION 4: STRUCTURES Cochairmen: D. C. Wade, Johnson Space Center R. S. Ryan, Marshall Space Flight Center SHUTTLE STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS CHARACTERISTICS -- THE ANALYSIS VERIFICATION ............ 325 C. Thomas Modlin,'Jr._ and George'A. Zupp_ Jr[ STRUCTURAL LOAD CHALLENGES DURING SPACE SHUTTLE DEVELOPMENT .... 335 Alden C. Mackey and Ralph E. Gatto ORBITER STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND VERIFICATION .......... 345 Philip C. Glynn and Thomas L. Moser SPACE SHUTTLE EXTERNAL TANK PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS -- THE CHALLENGE .......... 357 Harold R. Coldwater, Richard R.'Foli, Gayie'J[ Howeil_ and Jon A. Dutton STRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL DESIGN CHALLENGES OF SPACE SHUTTLE SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS SEPARATION AND RECOVERY SUBSYSTEMS ................... 365 William R. Woodis and Roy E[ Runkie SSME LIFETIME PREDICTION AND VERIFICATION, INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTS, STRUCTURES, MATERIALS; THE CHALLENGE ........ 386 Robert S. Ryan, Larry D. Salter, George M. Young Ill, and Paul M. MunaFo ix Page THE CHALLENGING "SCALES OF THE BIRD" (SHUTTLE TILE STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY) ............... 403 William C. Schneider and Gienn'J: Miiler SESSION 5: LIFE SUPPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, AND CREW STATION Cochairmen: W. W. Guy, Johnson Space Center P. D. Quattrone, Ames Research Center CHALLENGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORBITER ATMOSPHERIC REVITALIZATION SUBSYSTEM ........... 414 R. Norman Prince, Joe Swider, John Wojnarowski, Angelo Decrisantis, George R. Ord, James J. Walleshauser, and John W. Gibb CHALLENGES OF DEVELOPING AN ELECTRO-OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR MEASURING MAN'S OPERATIONAL ENVELOPE ............... 426 Barbara Woolford CHALLENGESINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHESHUTTLEEXTRAVEHICULAR MOBILITYUNIT...............-.- 435 HaroldJ.McMannandJamesW.'McBarron_I" CHALLENGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORBITER ACTIVE THERMAL CONTROL SUBSYSTEM ......... 450 John R. Nason, Frederic A: Wierum: and James L.'Yanosy OTHER CHALLENGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORBITER ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL HARDWARE ............. 465 John W. Gibb, M. E. Mclntosh, Steven R. Heinrich, Franz Schubert, E. P. Koszenski, R. A. Wynveen, Emory Thomas, Mike Steele, R. W. Murray, J. D. Schelkopf, and J. K. Mangialardi CHALLENGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ORBITER RADIATOR SYSTEM .... 48O J. L. Williams, J. A. Oren, H. R. Howell, and M. F. Modest X Page SESSION 6: GROUND OPERATIONS Cochairmen: D. E. Phillips, Kennedy Space Center W. C. Fischer, Johnson Space Center OVERVIEW OF STS GROUND OPERATIONS/ORBITER TURNAROUND: 490 STS-1 THROUGH STS-7 ....................... Richard Schwartz 498 EXTERNAL TANK PROCESSING FROM BARGE TO PAD ............ J. E. Carpenter 505 SOLID ROCKET BOOSTER RETRIEVAL OPERATIONS ............. Anker M. Rasmussen SPACE SHUTTLE FLIGHT READINESS FIRING -- DRESS REHEARSAL 510 FOR STS-1 Riles Lt. Col. Warren..... L. ..................... 525 TRANSITION TO THE SPACE SHUTTLE OPERATIONS ERA .......... William F. Edson, Jr. 532 LAUNCH PROCESSING SYSTEM -- CONCEPT TO REALITY .......... William W. Bailey 539 AUTOMATIC SOFTWARE FOR CONTROLLING CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS ....... James W. Rudolph 550 MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR SPACE SHUTTLE GROUND SYSTEMS ....... Edward G. Tory 558 MANAGING COMPUTER-CONTROLLED OPERATIONS .............. John B. Plowden 565 SUPPORT SYSTEMS DESIGN AND ANALYSIS ................ Robert M. Ferguson HISTORY, DESIGN, AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SPACE SHUTTLE 573 HAZARDOUS GAS DETECTION SYSTEM ................. William R. Helms xi PART 2 Page SESSION 7: PROPULSION AND POWER Cochairmen: H. O. Pohl, Johnson Space Center J. A. Lombardo, Marshall Space Flight Center PROPULSION AND POWERSYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE ............. 581 Joseph G. Thibodaux, Jr. CRYOGENIC PROPELLANT MANAGEMENT -- INTEGRATION OF DESIGN, PERFORMANCE, AND OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ............ 585 Armis L. Worlund, John R. Jamieson, Jr., Timothy W. Cole, and Tibor I. Lak SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE -- INTERACTIVE DESIGN CHALLENGES ..... 600 John P. McCarty and Byron K. Wood SOLID ROCKET MOTOR CERTIFICATION TO MEET SPACE SHUTTLE REQUIREMENTS: FROM CHALLENGE TO ACHIEVEMENT ........... 618 John Q. Miller and Joe C. Kilminster DEBRIS CONTROL DESIGN ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE BOOSTER SEPARATION MOTORS ........... 628 Gerald W. Smith and'Charles'A. Chase ORBITAL MANEUVERING SYSTEM DESIGN EVOLUTION ............ 639 Cecil Gibson and Clarence Humphries DESIGN EVOLUTION OF THE ORBITER REACTION CONTROL SUBSYSTEM ..... 656 Ralph J. Taeuber, W. Karakulko, Don Blevins, Carl Hohmann, and John Henderson SPACE SHUTTLE ORBITER AUXILIARY POWER UNIT DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES ............................ 673 Renee Lance and Dwayne Weary THE SOLID ROCKET BOOSTER AUXILIARY POWER UNIT -- MEETING THE CHALLENGE .......................... 690 Robert W. Hughes SPACE SHUTTLE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION AND REACTANT SUPPLY SYSTEM .......................... 702 William E. Simon xii Page SESSION8: COMMUNICATIONSANDTRACKING Cochairmen: R. S. Sawyer, Johnson Space Center R. L. Owen,GoddardSpace Flight Center SHUTTLES-BANDCOMMUNICATIONSTECHNICALCONCEPTS.......... 720 J. W. Seyl, W. W. Seibert, J. A. Porter, D. S. Eggers, S. W. Novosad, H. A. Vang, S. D. Lenett, W. A. Lewton, and J. F. Pawlowski 757 SHUTTLEKu-BANDCOMMUNICATIONS/RADARTECHNICALCONCEPTS J. W. Griffin, J. S. Kelley, A. W. Steiner, H. A. Vang, W. E. Zrubek, and G. K. Huth SHUTTLEPAYLOADS-BANDCOMMUNICATIONSSYSTEM............ 767 Bartus H. Batson, William E. Teasdale, JamesF. Pawlowski, and Oron L. Schmidt TDRSSS-SHUTTLEUNIQUERECEIVEREQUIPMENT 777 John J. Schwartz, Robert Spearing, and Aaron Weinberg THECOMMUNICATIONSLINK ANALYSISANDSIMULATIONSYSTEM 787 (CLASS) ........................... Robert D. Godfrey MODELING TECHNIQUES USED IN THE COMMUNICATIONS LINK ANALYSIS 798 AND SIMULATION SYSTEM (CLASS) ............... Walter R. Braun and Teresa M. McKenzie VALIDATION OF THE COMMUNICATIONS LINK ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION 804 SYSTEM (CLASS) ...................... Walter R. Braun and Teresa M. McKenzie 810 THE STATISTICAL LOOP ANALYZER (SLA) ................ William C. Lindsey DIGITAL SCRAMBLING FOR SHUTTLE COMMUNICATION LINKS: DO DRAWBACKS OUTWEIGH ADVANTAGES? ................ 815 Khaled
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