国際地域学部卒業論文（2012 年 12 月提出用）要旨 指導教員：中挾知延子教授 AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE AND EBONICS IN HIP HOP

1810080222 Yumika Mitomo

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Research Objective Chapter 3 About Chapter 4 History of African Americans Chapter5 Physical feature of African Americans Chapter 6 Ebonics 6-1 Grammar 6-2 Pronunciation and spelling 6-3 Vocabulary Chapter 7 African Americans and Music 7-1 Work songs 7-2 Field holler 7-3 Negro Chapter 8 Hip hop 8-1 History of Hip hop 8-2 Before 1979 8-3 In 1979 8-4 After 1979 8-5 White and Hip hop 8-6 Current Hip hop Chapter 9 Conclusions References

I lived in Knoxville, Tennessee for 10 months and met many African American people there. I remarked three things about them. First, they love music. Music is everywhere around them. Second, they make trendy words. They make new words from old words and also create new words by their own. Third, they call each other in familiar way. They have a strong affection to people who are close to them. Besides, I found out that is attractive while I was in the United States. These things made me interested in African American people and hip hop music, and I started to feel like knowing more about them. What I want to reveal in this thesis is two things. First, how African American culture was accepted by the world. Second, how hip hop music was made and why it is difficult to understand the meanings in hip hop music. Table 1. Grammar differences between Ebonics and Standard English (by the author)

Ebonics Standard English She want ice cream. She wants ice cream. I loves you. I love you. She beautiful. She is beautiful. She be beautiful. She is always beautiful. I ain’t going nowhere. I am not going anywhere. I done my homework. I have done my homework. I’ma have a party tonight. I am going to have a party tonight. I woulda got it if you had called me. I would have got it if you had called me. Me go to school. I go to school. You will love them people. You will love these [those] people.

Many differences can be seen between the standard English and Ebonics. For example, pronunciation, spelling, grammar, or tense. Those differences are strongly reflected in lyrics of rhythm and or the words that African Americans use. Ebonics is not a language spoken only by African Americans. The biggest reason why Ebonics became popular is just because of the popularization of hip hop music. Person does not matter which verb to use in Ebonics. No ‘to be’ verb and frequent use of be and been in Ebonics. Ebonics emphasize negation with double negative. Simplified auxiliary verb is used in Ebonics. Although personal pronoun will change by which case it is in the standard English, case is used irregularly in Ebonics. Fortunately, African American could express their feelings by singing and had families, friends, or those who live together in the same community to share their feelings. Those cultures African American made were first enjoyed by only themselves. As time passed, many immigrants came to the United States and African American community became diversified. Gradually people realized that African American culture was interesting and likable, and African American culture became accepted by other minority then by the world.

, Ebonics, Ghetto, racial gap, express