No. 1/2006 - Vol. 25 News from Oldenburg Content
Impressum
News from Oldenburg 3
Experiences 12
Careers 14
News from Alumni 16
Reports from Alumni 36
Contributed articles • Managing Demand and Supply through decentralized 44 Electrification: The Case of Kenya
• The Marsabit Wind-Diesel Electricity Generation System 51
Web Links 57
List of absolvents & students 58
List of staff & useful links 66
Published by: Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Faculty of Physics, Department of Energy and Semiconductor Research, Postgraduate Programme Renewable Energy—PPRE, D - 26111 Oldenburg phone: +49-441-798.3544, fax: +49-441-798.3990, e-mail: [email protected], web: http://www.ppre.de
Editors of this issue: Edu Knagge, Dr. Konrad Blum Typesetting & Layout: Kay Uphoff Printing by Printing Office of the CvO University Dear friends,
in a rapidly changing world, when unexpected and even disastrous turns of events hap- pen all to frequently, the Postgraduate Programme Renewable Energy and the associated Alumni Network experience a period of stability and steady development. We are glad to see old friends and new faces in the Seminar room of the Energielabor building, teaching, discussing and last but not least celebrating. Germany has experienced a wonderful sum- mer (maybe even a little bit too warm...) and a quite successful soccer world champion- ship, which allowed the world to see new aspects of the Germans and their country. One of these is a booming Renewable Energy industry, which is creating jobs and income to an unexpected degree. This industry is turning its focus more and more on world-wide busi- ness fields and thus is increasingly interested in contacts to institutions and companies in all continents. PPRE students, fresh graduates and alumni might benefit from this kind of `globalisation‘ already!
We are looking forward to a special event -- the PV centered DAAD Summer School in late August 2006 (for details see link on www.ppre.de) -- and the next run of PPRE, which will be the 19th and the third with the new, three-term structure.
With the hope that this newsletter reaches you in a state of good health and well-being.
Sunny greetings from Oldenburg
&
1 News from Oldenburg
NEWS FROM OLDENBURG lished in 1973. He remained in Oldenburg for twenty years, transferring in 1993 to the Fraunhofer-Institut for solar energy systems „Postgraduate Programme Re- in Freiburg (ISE, which has approx. 400 em- newable Energy“ received Ger- ployees). In October, he was honoured with man Solar Award - the 2005 German Environmental Price, the Oldenburg Master course of stud- maximum endowed honour of its kind in Europe. Luther also founded, with other ies with world-wide acknowledg- University of Oldenburg professors, the “al- ment (press-release) ternative energy research” at the end of the 70‘s. This, during a period when the Scien- On 28th October 2005, the Oldenburg Mas- tific Community still dismissed it as unim- ter’s programme „Postgraduate Programme portant. Together with other scientists, he Renewable Energy (PPRE) „was awarded the further conceived the Energy Laboratory 2005 Solar Prize, Education Category, by the on Wechloy Campus in 1980, which is still German Society for Solar Power (DGS) today a symbol of the University’s environ- mentally focused research and central loca- Michael Golba, who is responsible for the tion for the PPRE. course of studies together with Dr. Konrad Blum, received the honour in Munich. The Dr. Juergen Parisi, director of the depart- society justified its decision with the fact ment of energy and semiconductor research that the structure of the English-language at Institute of Physics, to whose portfolio program has been unique and innovative the program belongs, explained that the since it’s inception nearly two decades ago. award was primarily the merit of Michael The master’s program is recognised world- Golba and Dr. Konrad Blum. They success- wide, with many graduates having since fully acquired accreditation for the program attained influential positions in their coun- by restructuring it to meet the new chal- tries of origin. lenges of international and interdisciplinary education. The „Postgraduate Programme“ has been offered at the University of Oldenburg since Alongside the 3 Semester PPRE Master’s 1987. It is particularly suited to engineers course, the Institute of Physics hosts the and scientists from developing countries. European Renewable Energy Master’s pro- Through universities and research institutes gram, in conjunction with seven partner from around the world, a technical network universities from five EU countries. In this of about 300 alumni from over 65 countries winter semester, 31 students from 22 coun- has developed. Through this network, alum- tries (7 Asia, 7 Europe, 2 Germany, 7 Latin ni can exchange ideas and seek support for America, 5 North America, 3 Africa) took up research and applications in various fields the M.Sc. Renewable Energy at the Univer- of renewable energy sity of Oldenburg.
The founder of the program, Dr. Joachim Luther, is one of the first professors of the University of Oldenburg, which was estab-
2 News from Oldenburg
International PV Summer School • Back-up Systems: Electrolyseur, Hy- 2006 at Oldenburg University drogen and Fuel Cells
From August 28th to September 2nd 2006 • Policy oriented Case Studies and les- an International Summer School on Photo- sons learned from several countries voltaics takes place at Carl von Ossietzky (e.g. rural electrification strategies, University of Oldenburg. This event is pre- barriers of PV market penetration) pared and hosted by the Postgraduate Programme Renewable Energy (PPRE) and Further parts of the programme are two very sponsored by DAAD (German Academic Ex- interesting excursions. The first one leads us change Service). to Institute of Solar Energy Research which is located in Hameln (near Hannover). The This one week of workshops, lectures and second visited venue is a well known Solar excursions covering a wide range of as- Cell Production Company named Q-Cells. It pects all around Photovoltaics is part of a is based in Thalheim (near Leipzig) as part two week ALUMNI Re-Invitation – Initia- of a fast growing industrial area especially tive encouraged by DAAD. The two week hosting photovoltaic systems component Programme consists of three PV Summer manufacturers. Schools held simultaneously at the Univer- sities of Oldenburg, Kassel and Freiberg dur- And last but not least this first week in Old- ing the first week, a concerted visit of the enburg also is a perfect platform for PPRE 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy ALUMNI, friends of the programme and all Conference and Exhibition (http://www.pho- people interested in photovoltaics to meet tovoltaic-conference.com/) in Dresden and again, to refresh old connections, to share finally the attendance of the 3rd “Freiberg- experiences and to update knowledge in er Solartage” http://www.exphys.tu-freiberg. photovoltaics and related renewable ener- de/photovoltaics/) at Technische Unversität gy issues. Some social events all around the Bergakademie Freiberg. summer school perfect the whole thing.
The first week from August 28th to Septem- PPRE staff is heavily looking forward to wel- ber 2nd at Oldenburg University is going to coming lots of nice people and good friends tackle issues in different PV-related areas as from all around the world. there are All in all we expect some 60 – 70 partici- • Material science research oriented to- pants (including about 25 Alumni coming wards PV (e.g. heterogeneous thin film directly on DAAD-ticket). Further info and solar cells, organic solar cells) the detailed programme may be seen at the link on www.ppre.de. • Systems research oriented towards PV applications (e.g. Energy meteorology, system optimised operating character- istics, grid connected and stand alone PV systems)
3 News from Oldenburg
New Hydrogen Research Project as it is typical for wind and sun. The power at the University of Oldenburg can be trapped chemically by electrolysis. Reconversion happens by means of fuel Torsten Bröer, Germany - PPRE 03/04 cells. So the variations can be smoothed, and even controlled energy from renew- Around 15 years after its last Hydrogen en- able sources can be provided. Today the lat- gagement the University of Oldenburg starts ter comes mainly from fossil fuels like coal a new innovative project combining Wind or natural gas. and Hydrogen Technology. The project, known as “HyWindBalance”, addresses the A key element of HyWindBalance is to de- problem of the fluctuating and not fully pre- velop a system, which involves simulating dictable nature of wind power. It will com- and testing an optimised wind-hydrogen- bine wind with hydrogen, as energy storage, system using state of the art technique for in order to level out electricity supply. wind power prediction, loading forecast- ing and plant management. The project As wind is not a steady force, its (large-scale) will also operate a pilot system combining integration into the electricity network in- electrolyser, hydrogen storage and fuel cell creases the demand for balancing power at the Energy Laboratory of the University (which is usually generated from fossil re- of Oldenburg. A schematic of the system is sources). With the use of hydrogen, there shown below: is a potential to adjust the electricity supply from wind power to the current demand at any time: Part of the energy is stored as hy- drogen, to be re-con- verted to electricity as- and-when needed.
The Wind-hydrogen- systems will provide balancing power (CO2-free!) and cover peak The project will be undertaken in coopera- load demand. They will give a new quality tion with the companies Overspeed, PLANET, to the product that wind farm operators can Energy and Meteo Systems, Projekt Ökovest offer. In a medium-term perspective, part of and ForWind. The former PPRE student Rich- the “green hydrogen” may also be sold to ard Morris (PPRE 97/98) with his company markets outside the power sector, such as Zebotec also contributes to the project by mobility. delivering the fuel cell and the electrolyser and doing the corresponding consultancy. Hydrogen storage holds also the option to integrate energy from other renewable The project HyWindBalance will be run sources in the supply grid where the supply until the end of 2007, with a total budget is not constant and not entirely predictable, of 1.5 million euro. It has financial support
4 News from Oldenburg of around 620.000 euro from the federal Further information you can find under state of Lower Saxony and the European www.HyWindBalance.com or contact Torsten Regional Development Fund. The German Bröer at [email protected]. energy company EWE also contributes to the project.
Present PPRE / EUREC (Oldenburg-core) – Students
In winter term 2005/06 PPRE welcomed 31 ised and co-ordinated by the EUREC-Agency new Master-students in the Renewable En- in Brussels. ergy Programme at the Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg. The 20 PPRE-Students come from 16 differ- ent countries (6 from L.A., 5 from Europe, 5 20 students enrolled in the Postgraduate from Asia, 3 from Africa and 1 from Canada). Programme Renewable Energy (PPRE) and 11 Students in the European Renewable The PPRE-Students-List including place- Energy Master Programme, which is organ- ments for the compulsory external practical training are listed below:
Name First Name Nation Subject Institution Location
Khan Ahmed Jahir Bangla- Rural Electr. / Micro Hydro Bangla Power Dev. Agency Dhaka, desh Bangladesh
Boruah Dwipen India Biofuells Lahmeyer Int. Bad Vibel, Germany
Maharjan Bhai Raja Nepal Pico Hydro, Indonesia / GTZ Eschborn, Energising Development www.senternovem.nl/ed Germany
Vera Tudela Luis Enrique Peru Energy-efficient stoves in GTZ Eschborn, Carreno Domingo Latinamerica Germany
Caag Donnalyn Philip- Biogas Utilisation Southern Tagalog Consor- Los Banos, Atienza pines tium for Industry and Energy Laguna, The R&D Philippines Jagwe Wyclif Uganda Rural Electrification NORPLAN Uganda Ltd. Kampala, Project Uganda
Mahu Seth Ag- Ghana Biomass Energy - Charcoal GTZ Eschborn, beve Production and Use with Germany Special Focus on Africa Wickramar- W. G. Sri Lanka Modelling of Solar Radia- Solar Institute Jülich Jülich, athne Hashini K. tion Germany
Paula Patricia Brasil Energiepolitics / Consult- GTZ Eschborn, Chaves ing Germany
Sanchez Diego Colombia Biomass - Gasification BTG Technology Group Enschede, Herrera Alejandro Netherlands
5 News from Oldenburg
Wilches Camilo Colombia Rural Electr. WBREDA Kalkutta, Tamayo Andres Indien
Beyn Mulugeta Eritrea Ethiopian Wind Energy Lahmeyer Int. Bad Vibel, Weldetnsae feasibility study Germany
Sterner Michael Germany Biomass - Gasification Center of Appropriate Rural Mysore, Technology (CART) / Nat. India Institute of Engineering Hegel Rodolfo Guate- Rural Electr. Project in ZSW – Centre for Solar and Stuttgart, mala China, Solar Test Field Hydrogen Research Germany
Pechliva- Georgios Greece MHP-Project in Greece Lahmeyer Int. Bad Vibel, noglou (George) Germany
Peel Andrew Canada Windenergy Garrad Hassan & Partner Oldenburg, Germany
Randig Sebastian Germany PV-Systems Gehrlicher Umweltscho- Murcia, nende Energiesysteme GmbH Spain
Rojas la Carlos Colombia Rural electrification WBREDA Kalkutta, Rotta Mauricio India
Herráez Iván Spain Windenergy Nordex Energy GmbH Norderstedt, Hernández Germany
Torio Blanco Herena Spain Energetic evaluations of Fraunhofer-Institute for Build- Kassel the buildings ing Physics
The 11 EUREC-Students, who come from 8 burg University. Thereafter they did their different countries (5 * Europe, 3 * Canada, Specialisation courses at different European and Pakistan, Lebanon, Mexico) only did Universities: their core-course for 4 months at Olden-
Name First name Origin Specialisation
ADNAN Mohammad Pakistan BIOMASS, Zaragossa, Spain
McCRACKEN Philippe Canadian HYBRID SYSTEMS, Kassel, Germany
XUEREB Steven Maltese HYBRID SYSTEMS, Kassel, Germany
LOPEZ ALCALA Leodegario Mexican BIOMASS, Zaragossa, Spain
SADER Hadi Lebanese HYBRID SYSTEMS, Kassel, Germany
ROUZE Jerome French HYBRID SYSTEMS, Kassel, Germany
ANTONOPOULOS Antonios Canadian HYBRID SYSTEMS, Kassel, Germany
POLIZOIS Theodoros-Theodoritis Greek Wind Energy, Athens, Greece
6 News from Oldenburg
GUILLOT Bertrand French HYBRID SYSTEMS, Kassel, Greece
MONTES DE OCA ARJONA Luis Spanish BIOMASS, Zaragossa, Spain
SINGLEHURST Robert Canadian Solar Energy in Built Environment, Athens, Greece By August 2006 all Students (PPRE & EUREC) started their M.Sc.-thesis work. Details will be given in the next newsletter
Case Study Tour 2006 An Unforgettable Trip to Austria and South Germany by PPRE-Students
One of the most important components of summer term in PPRE is the Case Study, where we have to provide a complete en- ergy solution to a customer, of course using renewables. The problem was simple: to provide the energy requirements of a high mountain hut, located in Austrian Alps. Some of the members of the group in top of After hard time of calculations, simulations the Alpen and discussions, we travel to that place to compare the proposed solution to the in- in 1996-97 and started the PV-business stalled one. But as the travel from Oldenburg thereafter. We also watch football match in to the Alps is a very long one, we extend big screen arranged by Matthias. After over- the travel for two weeks and in this way we night stay at Kloster Höchst, we visited a 5 could visit many interesting places, to see in MW grid connected PV system in Bürstadt practice many of the things we acquired in installed by RALOS. There Matthias showed theory in the several PPRE courses. us how power is feeding into the grid from PV installed over a warehouse. We start our journey on 20th July at 4 am from Energy-lab in Oldenburg and our first We stayed three nights in Freiburg, a very visit was Hoppecke the leading battery nice city of southern Germany. On 22nd July manufacturer in Germany. There we learnt we visited Intersolar, the biggest Solar Energy about different types of battery manufac- Exhibition in Germany. Here we had the op- turing process and their electro-chemistry. portunity to meet different RE manufactures, In the afternoon we attended a BBQ party their products & services. There we were sur- in RALOS GmbH in Michelstadt who in- prised with the size of the exhibition, and the volved turnkey projects including consult- vast choice of options regarding Solar Energy. ing service, design & installation works. One It was very nice to be able to know what they of the owner, Matthias Belz, studied PPRE were talking about!
7 News from Oldenburg
In Freiburg, we also visited Volk Wasserkraft phase electricity for the trains of the German AG - a hydropower manufacture in Gutach. national railways, Deutsche Bahn. The company manufactures different types of hydro turbines. We saw the manufacturing On 29th July we visited TINOX – the selec- process of producing turbine components. tive surface manufacturer for solar absorber in München. They showed us the produc- Then we departed to Ottobeuren, from tion process of manufacturing titanium ab- where we visited STECA, the battery charge sorber, which was invented by them. They controller manufacturer in Memmingen. also gave us a lecture about sea water de- They gave us a lecture about Battery Charge salination system using solar energy. Controllers, and then we observed the dif- ferent manufacturing process to produce Before return to Oldenburg we stayed two charge controllers. They even offered us nights in the home of our colleague Michael lunch in a nearby Chinese restaurant. Sterner in Aicha vom Wald in Passau. In the first day we met with city mayor and visited So we prepared ourselves to climb the Alps. a church. We also watched some renewa- The hut is located near to a place called Kals, bles (geothermal, solar PV, Biomass) activ- the furthest point the Bus could reach. From ity in that village. The inhabitants became there, we had to climb 2 hours to reach the astonished seeing people from 16 differ- place where we would stay: Luckner-Hütte ent countries (well, that happened in every (1920 masl). The next day, early in the morn- place we visited). We could really have a ing, we climbed another 3 hours and we final- nice insight in the life of the people in this ly arrived to Stüdl-Hütte at 2800 m altitude! region of Germany. What an emotion! The big effort was then awarded. The place was just BEAUTIFUL! After one complete day (1st of July) traveling, we finally reached Oldenburg at 9:00 pm! We stayed one night in Stüdl-Hütte. The hut owner explained us how the hut is powered All in all the group of 24 people (20 PPRE- by different renewable sources, and to our own pride, we found that our assumptions and cal- culations were even better than those made by the consultants hired to provide the solution!
Coming back to Germany, on the way to München, we visited Walchensee Kraftwerk in Kochel. We observed how electricity is generated by utilizing poten- tial gradient between two lakes. The Walchensee Power station is not only unique in its design but also in the generation of single- PPRE in Aicha, Bavaria
8 News from Oldenburg
students and staff) spend 12 days together, sharing, learning, and above of all, having fun. An unforgettable experience, for sure!
Alumni Teaching in PPRE
We are glad to report an increasing num- In the Summer term 2006 bers of PPRE alumni teaching in the present course. • Dr. Elizabeth von Hauff (Canada) held a During the Winter term 2005/06 we had lecture course on Photovoltaics short/compact courses by: • Jan Lam (Netherlands) -- together with • Wisdom Ahiataku-Togobo (Ghana) on his SNV-colleague Felix ter Hegde), gave Small Wind / dezentralised PV / Biodiesel a compact course on rural biogas tech- systems. He works still with the Ministry nology. He is heading the Biogas Promo- of Energy in his country. tion Programme in Camodia these days.
• Micro-Hydro by Christoph Schroeder (Ger- • Aravind P.V. (India) held a lecture on many), who worked for several years in Chi- gasification. Presently he is doing is PhD na as GTZ-officer in rural energy projects at Delft-university in the Netherlands.
• and of course Hans Holtorf, PPRE alumni, Apart from that we had invited lecturers is teaching Solar Energy I and II. He also from companies and NGOs - through the runs the Case Study show and guides stu- PPRE website (www.ppre.de) you can dents in the Summer term excursion (see browse the time table of past and future extra report). weeks.
M.Sc.-Thesis – Titles
In the following all thesis titles from our graduates who finished their M.Sc.-Studies in RE by end of last year/early this year are listed:
PPRE 2004-2006
Name First Name Nation Titel der Master Thesis
Chowdhury Md. Shahriar Bangladesh Preparation and Characterization of an Indium Sulphide Ahmed Buffer Layer for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cell by Physical Vapour Deposition Zobayer A.N.M. Bangladesh Miniaturized Solar Home System for lighting purpose with Light Emitting Diodes
9 News from Oldenburg
Pena Diaz Alfredo Colombia Offshore wind, turbulence and wind characteristics at high heights. Remote sensing techniques applied to wind energy (Lidar, SODAR, Ceilometer) Toropov Maksim Kyrgyzstan Efficiency of Solar Aided Heating System
Sapkota Prakash Nepal Performance Analysis of PV Module by Developing a PV Module Tester Aderinto Suraju Nigeria Planning and Realisation of A Hydrogen Laboratory System Henriquez Christian Paul Peru New Concept of Acquiring Data – Construction and Prevoo Evaluation of a Mini Meteorological Station Limsoontorn Tubtim Thailand Jatropha Plantation and Investment Cost for Biodiesel in Thailand Ochieng David Otieno Kenya Is Solar PV For Rural Electrification an Impossible Dream in Eastern Africa? Akhtar Naveed Pakistan Dynamic Modeling of Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Brudler Evelyn Germany Input/Output-Controlling: Ein in situ Kontrollverfahren für solarthermische Anlagen Hermann Sebastian Germany Design of a Micro-Hydro Powered Battery Charging System for Rural Village Electrification Tek Boon Jin Malaysia Investigating the Evaporation Process of a Diffusion-Ab- sorption Cooling Machine Moreno Munoz Juan Carlos Venezuela Rural Electrification in Venezuela with Renewable Energy. Strategies for Its Implementation
EUREC 2004-2005 / Oldenburg Core
Name First Name Nation Titel der Master Thesis
Evaluation of Catalysts for the Hydrothermal Gasification AYMARD Caroline France of Wood to Methane through Batch Experiments
Technical Aspects of Bio-Oil Production and Markets for THOMAS Denis Belgium Bio-Oil-Co-Firing in EU-25
An Experimental Study of the Co-Firing of Biomass with LERMITTE Tristan UK Coal to Characterise Depositional Problems during Combustion Set up, operation and monitoring of an isolated hybrid CLAUZONNIER Adrien France system (wind-photovoltaic-battery) for electricity and freshwater production
Duncan Tidal Harmonic Analysis with applications to energy ANSELL UK Peter prediction of Marine Current Turbines
10 News from Oldenburg
Development of a supervisory control for a middle-sized ADLER GOMES João Paulo Portugal Hybrid Wind/PV/Diesel System
Feasibility survey and design of a hybrid system for LECESVE Laurent France Mitraniketan, a community in India.
Assessment of the Exploitable Wind Potential of the AVRAAMIDES Stelios Cypres Republic of Cyprus
CORREIA Stélio Portugal Shunt Resistance of Solar cells
Feasibility Study on Renovation of Tower Block at Ply- CARRELL Justin UK mouth College of Further Education
Air tightness of residential buildings in Greece, The MANTAS Panagiotis Greece website is: http://grbes.phys.uoa.gr/
DIMOPOULOS Aris Greece Feasibility Wind Farm projects in Cypres
Wind Farm Development from the first site evaluation to STROMBONI-P. Estelle France the construction of the wind turbines
Reduction of Infusion Resin Cure Time on AL-40 Blade THIEBAUT Romaric France Manufacturing
EXPERIENCES Travel report from INDONESIA By Sebastian Hermann, PPRE 2004-06
First of all I would like to thank all the “PPRE family” for the last 18 months – the time passed by far too quickly and although it has been extremely stressful at times I en- joyed every bit of this great PPRE course. I made lots of friends and got to know so many interesting people. It really was one of the most interesting times of my life.
For my master thesis I had the chance to Pic 1: Outdoor Lab in Indonesia, with a small go to Indonesia for some months. I worked turbine to test different generators (200 - 300W) there together with GTZ and ENTEC AG on the topic Rural Electrification with the help tery charging station for family and village of Pico Hydropower. The aim of my thesis electrification. The whole systems size was was to design and investigate a small bat- limited to 5kW and a simple induction mo-
11 Experiences tor was used as a generator. The idea was to generate high voltage electricity that could be transmitted over several hundred meters to some central “Energy Station” in a village. This “Energy Station” could provide essential services like refrigeration and tel- ecommunication, but it could also serve as a battery charging station for the villagers.
In the end, and after countless little prob- lems the design idea proved to be techni- cally successful and it seems that such a system can really be an economic alterna- tive for small communities with low energy demand. Especially in Indonesia with its remote villages in mountainous areas this Pic 3 Battery-charging station in rural Indonesia. system could be a viable solution. consumed about 80l of diesel every single day supplied the village with electricity. Now, the solar system covers most of the energy de- mand and the diesel system only works as a backup in case of a period of rainy days.
Interestingly and promisingly, even Indo- nesia, which possesses considerable oil reserves itself, supports more and more Renewable Energy technologies. I also have heard that the first Indonesian wind farm is Pic 2 Battery line of a projekt at West Timor not far from being implemented. (120 batteries - 1000Ah / 2V). Filling the acid is not really done at German Standards ! I really enjoyed my time in Indonesia and surely I will go back there again sometime. During my time in Indonesia I also worked closely with another former PPRE student: Mr. Chayun Budiono (PPRE 1992/93). I especial- My Ext. Practical Training in ly want to thank him for explaining so many South-India - 1st Steps taken of the small mysteries of Indonesian culture to me. Together with Chayun I also took the By Michael Sterner - PPRE 2005-07 chance to travel to Western Timor to install a rather big solar system in a village called I‘m now 6 days here and getting settled. Nembrala. The solar system has an overall size of 30kW and is connected to a battery The first days were quite tough, changing backup system (120 batteries, 1000Ah OPzS). from av.-10°C in Germany to av. 30°C Karna- Formerly, an old diesel generator that actually taka was not easy. Jetlag and a lot of nice
12 Experiences traveling + 100% food change (you can‘t Yesterday I was at a Sister‘s place and I told get food without spices - not even break- them about my work - they brought me to fast) put me to hospital the 3rd day - food their cooking stoves (3 stones) - loads of poisoning - it was not that serious, but I biomass in the yard - and I told here - put an went, because of an Thyphoid outbreak improved cooking stove - the tech is there in our quater... now everything is stable - you‘ll save a lot - improve the efficiency again. You just have to watch out with the from 11% to 40%. I tell you - she was flying! food+drinks. So work is really great - you have the feeling Otherwise: South India is great! You smile - - that you can move and promote things. and they smile back. Indian Society is along with the Brazilian one of the friendliest I One more stove saves a lot of money and ever experienced. People are so helpful, it‘s CO2 + heals nature. That‘s what our main really a joy to stay with them. goal is, isnt it? And a new stove is just about 500 - 2000 Rupees (10 - 40 EUR). Also the work is really interesting. They have running gasifier since late 80s, we installed So - donations are welcomed! Some DAAD one 2 days ago in a bakery (40kW thermal) fellow did already before here in Mysore. and it works. Ok - they don‘t have this en- vironmental standard as we do in Germany And if you look for spicy food, good weath- (scrubber water goes to the sewage, a lot of er, very friendly people, some ‚Kannada‘ lan- CO is emitted because of little insulation...) guage learning and CO2-saving work - wel- but they really keep the tech going and pro- come to South India - It‘s great ! mote it.
CAREERS
In this chapter we would like to present the different careers taken by our graduates right after their RE-Studies (M.Sc.) with us.
Absolvents of European RE Master-programme (Eurec) 2004-05:
Job After Name First Name Nation Specialization Institution Studies
„Energie Facteur 4 Biomass RE-Cosultant & THOMAS Denis Belgium asbl“, Belgium, (Zaragoza) Engineer www.ef4.be Tristan Eu- Biomass LERMITTE UK Temporary job n.a. gene William (Zaragoza) Hybrid systems PV Project CLAUZONNIER Adrien France Suntechnics, Madrid (Kassel) Engineer Hybrid systems Marine Re- Marine Current Tur- ANSELL Duncan Peter UK (Kassel) source Analyst bines Ltd. UK.
13 Careers
CIEMAT - Unidade de ADLER GOMES Hybrid systems João Paulo Portugal Researcher in RE Energia Eólica, Madrid, DA COSTA (Kassel) Spain Hybrid systems LECESVE Laurent France PhD-student Kassel University (Kassel) Hybrid systems Wind AEOLIKI, Cyprus (www. AVRAAMIDES Stelios Cypres (Kassel) Consultant aeoliki.com) Photovoltaic Measurement ErSol Solar Energy AG, CORREIA Stélio Portugal (Newcastle) Engineer Erfurt, Germany Creative Environmental Solar Energy in RE Project Man- CARRELL Justin UK Networks, UK Buildings (Athens) ager at NGO http://www.cen.org.uk Solar Energy in Lahmeyer Int., Bad MANTAS Panagiotis Greece RE - Consultant Buildings (Athens) Vibel, Germany DIMOPOULOS Aris Greece Wind (TU Athens) Windconsultant Freelancer STROMBONI- Wind Project VOLKSWIND, France, Estelle France Wind (TU Athens) PREVOST Manager www.volkswind.com Vestas Blades, Isle of THIEBAUT ROMARIC France Wind (TU Athens) Wind Engineer Wight, UK
Absolvents from Postgraduate Programme Renewable Energy (PPRE) 2004-06
Name First Name Nation Job / Position Institution
Directorate of Program Md. Shahriar Chowdhury Bangladesh Assistant Engineer Bangladesh Power Development Ahmed Board RET Expert, Local Government Engineering Zobayer A.N.M. Bangladesh Sustainable Rural Department, Bangladesh Energy www.lged-rein.org Risoe National Laboratory PhD-Student, Uni Wind Energy Department, Roskilde, Pena Diaz Alfredo Colombia Copenhagen Denmark www.risoe.dk Trainee / RE Microsol Solarsysteme GMBH, Ham- Toropov Maksim Kyrgyzstan Engineer burg www.SydneySolar.de Dhawalagiri Community Resource Sapkota Prakash Nepal RE Engineer Development Centre (DCRDC)
Aderinto Suraju Nigeria still pending n.a.
Henriquez Christian Peru Temporary Job GE, Cologne Prevoo Paul
14 Careers
Information Energy for Environment Foundation, Limsoontorn Tubtim Thailand Officer Thailand David GTZ Office Nairobi, Ochieng Kenya Regional Manager Otieno Nairobi, Kenya Chair for Materials Processing Akhtar Naveed Pakistan Research Engineer University Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany Res. Assistant / University of Oldenburg / Planet GbR, Brudler Evelyn Germany Engineer Oldenburg Deutsche Energie Agentur – DENA, RE Expert – CDM & Berlin, Germany Hermann Sebastian Germany Joint Implementa- http://www.deutsche-energie-agen- tion tur.de Suntechnics Energy Systems Pte. Ltd. , Tek Boon Jin Malaysia PV Sales Engineer Singapore www.suntechnics.com FUNDELEC - Renewable Energy Team, RE Consultant / Moreno Munoz Juan Carlos Venezuela Venezuela Advisor http://www.fundelec.org.ve
Looks like most absolvents got an interesting job in the field of their studies. Please note that only those graduates are listed, who have been in touch recently. More detailed info from some alumni are listed in chapter ´news from former alumni in brief´ !
NEWS, PPRE ALUMNI
PPRE 1987-88 PPRE 1988-89
Mr. Eric Fischer, Brasil Mr. M.P. Ramesh, India
Was working as expert until Mid 2005 at the As Executive Director of the Centre for Wind Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Energy Technology in Chennai he send us Paraná - CEFET-PR, Tecnologia em Química their regular news bulletin called pavan Ambiental in Curitiba, Brasil, where he was (more info at: www.cwet.tn.nic.in) and the lecturing Environmental Management following encouraging words on behalf of courses and trying to help implementing a the Solar-award for PPRE: local Renewable Energy Group. Thereafter Eric returned to Brasilia. I think that your networking ability was particularly very important for the grand success of the one of its kind course that I had the luck of attending. A great deal of nurturing such an effort has come from the wonderful set of people at PPRE. Congratu-
15 News from Alumni lations to all those who made this course of of Phönix Sonnenstrom AG (www.sonnen- ours so good. And recognition always brings stromag.de). His tasks include the evalua- on a renewal of interest. The most impor- tion of current and new technologies and tant thing about this effort is the wonderful system components, including maybe stan- networking that you are doing for people dalone and hybrid systems in the future, who passed through the programme. To which might get more in focus when shift- think back nostalgically is one thing, which ing away the German market towards inter- is generally rather private. But to keep the national markets. In line with this Thomas interest going for nearly two decades is no attended the PV-Hybrid/mini grid confer- joke ! May god give you more strength to do ence in Aix-en-Provence, 11.-12. May 2006. even more. Please include me in the good work you are doing and I will be more than Dr. Eng. Hassan H. Rakha, Egypt happy to be associated. After long silence Hassan Rakha informed us Mr. Cesar Rivasplata, Peru that he has already got a PhD in the field of Renewable Energy titled: ‘Design and Optimal Together with his colleagues opened up Operation of Photovoltaic / Wind / Diesel Pow- a new building for the Renewable Energy er Generation System by Neural Network’. Centre at the Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann in Tacna, Peru, in 2005. Since about 8 years Mr. Rakha is General Manager of the PV Department in the New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA), PPRE 1989-90 Ministry Of Electricity and Energy, Cairo, Egypt. Mr. Partha Sarathi Mukherjee, India Mr. Anil Misra India After a long time of silence, Partha informed us, that he changed his job in 2004 already to Joined GTZ in New Delhi under its Natural join a Pune based trust known as Indo Swiss Resource Management Programme in April Vocational Training Trust (Initially formed by 2006. Before he was working with UNDP SDC in association with some prominent per- India / Ministry of Environment & Forests sons, Pune) as it‘s Director. But after joining (Government of India). he realized a lot of management level prob- lems. Immediately, he resigned and joined His main areas of work will be Renewables his former organisation (a local NGO which including Biofuels and Climate Change/Ad- is working on poverty removal programmes) aptation among other things. in his earlier position again.
Mr. Thomas Schwarz, Germany PPRE 1990-91
Got a new position at his employer Phönix Dr. K. C. Pandey, India Solarstrom AG earlier in 2006. He changed from the planning & constuction depart- Successfully completed his Ph.D. from In- ment to the central technology department dian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur,
16 News from Alumni
India on the topic „Investigations on use of study trip in Germany. Their trip was organ- soybean oil as a substitute fuel for diesel en- ised by DECON-Consultans, Bad Homburg, gines“ in June, 2005. Krishna is working as Germany - who are doing RE-projects all Senior Scientist in the Agricultural Energy & over the globe and also in Tanzania. Power Division of Central Institute of Agri- cultural Engineering in Bhopal, India. Bettina is working since her graduation in PPRE with Decon-Consultants. PPRE 1991-92
Ms. Anna Naftal Ingwe, Tanzania PPRE 1992-93 Mr. Wycliffe Musungu Nabutola, Kenya Mr. Chayun Budiono, Indonesia Informed us in Mid 2005 that they are quite busy these days. Besides running daily busi- Attended the UNFCCC-COP11 (United Na- ness with their company called Renewable tion Framework Convention of Climate Energy Engineering Contractors (Reecon) Change – 11th Conference Of Parties – coun- in Nairobi they are involved with GTZ in tries joined the Kyoto Protokol) in Montreal, promotion of biogas plants as a waste treat- Canada, which took place from 28 Nov ment facility for agro based industries. Fur- to 9 Dec, 2005. He was actually invited by thermore they are local counterparts for a the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to talk German Company called Akut. about the potential role of renewable ener- gy as a mean to reduce the greenhouse gas Mr. Patrick Mugisha, Uganda (GHG) emission in an ADB side event.
Is still lecturing at Makerere University in Earlier in May 2005 Chayun visited some Kampala Uganda, in both the Renewable RE-companies in Germany together with a Energy courses and Electrical Engineering. project manager for renewable energy of He noticed that future programmes in the PLN, which is the Indonesian Utility Enter- Faculty of Technology at Makerere Univer- prise. They also had a short stop over in Old- sity will probably see Renewable Energies enburg during the trip. becoming more expanded in near future. Dr. Shrestha Kedar Shanker, India In this regard, establishment/strengthening of Laboratory facilities in RE at the Faculty With the beginning of 2006 he changed his of Technology might be a focal point of his job again and is now attached to Lubrizol, interests. Japan, where he is working as a technology manager. Lubrizol company is a chemical Ms. Bettina Abel, Germany additive maker for lubricants of vehicles. It is a multinational company and has branch- Visited the Energy laboratory at Olden- es in about 85 countries. burg University again with a small delega- tion from Tanzania. The 2 visitors are staff at TANESCO, a utility company in Tanzania, who have been on a wind-energy and RE-
17 News from Alumni
Mr. James Wafula, Kenya PPRE 1993-94
In Mid 2005 James Wafula was one of three Dr. Rosana Rodrigues dos Santos, Brasil people selected to pioneer and teach courses in Renewable Energy at the newly Was employed as General co-ordinator of created Department of Renewable Energy the National Program „Electricity for All“ of at the Institute of Nuclear Sciences in Uni- the Brasilian Ministry of Mines and Energy versity of Nairobi. (MME) in Brasilia. Between 2003 and 2004 she has been sometimes assistant to the One of his very first duties involved con- Minister. Under her responsibility was the structing a course syllabus to be used by execution of the program for the 5 most im- the students. These courses will generally portant states of Brasil (Goiás, Minas Gerais, be divided into three categories, which are São Paulo, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro) Certificate courses, Diploma courses, and and also the regulatory issues concerning Masters courses. this program. The contracts she was manag- ing amounted to 1,4 billion of Reais (almost The first M.Sc.-course is ought to start in o,5 Billion US Dollar!) which is supposed to Mid 2006. Its planned that James will do a be used to provide 291.000 connections to PhD-study besides. the Grid (where grid connections were not possible, she advised the utilities to use RE Mr. Rolf Georg, Germany technologies, especially for the decentral- ized systems. Together with his wife opened up a pri- vate school called Unidad Educativa Hein- Latest news: Rosana left the Government. rich Zulauf in early 2005 in Sucre, Bolivia. At the beginning of 2006 she joined the Throughout the first year about 120 pupils private sector, as the regulatory person of (from Kindergarden to High-School) joined the distribution utility of the State of Mato the school. Rolf will also include classes of Grosso do Sul. Additionally she is part of the ‘Fundamentals of RE-technology’ in the cur- regulatory team of the holding group EDP riculum. (renamed recently as „Energias do Brasil“). EDP group is the major private investor in the Brazilian energy sector.
Dr. Henry J.M. Tommy, Sierra Leone
Is still living in Calgary, where he runs his own mechanical engineering company.
Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Fathy, Egypt
Is living since about 4 years in Lybia, where he is Teacher at the Faculty in Physics & En- Rolf Georg and wife with their pupils of Uni- gineering Department at a local University. dad Educativa Heinrich Zulauf, Sucre, Bolivia
18 News from Alumni
Mr. Augustus Leon, India PPRE 1994/95
Resigned from his job at Asian Institute of Mr. Melis Teka, Ethiopia Technology (AIT) in Thailand after eight long years on 31.8.2005. He became a full- Informed us that he is now working in the time doctoral student to concentrate on the Ministry of Mines and Energy, as Head of the completion of his PHD-studies, which hope- Energy Regulatory Department and that Mr. fully will be finished by August-September Mesfin Mergia (PPRE 93/04) is located in 2006. the same department.
Augustus hopes that he might climb a step Mr. Alexandre Heringer Lisboa, Brasil up in his career ladder once he gets the PhD- degree. Who did the ELDORADO Wind Energy Sum- mer Course, from July to August 1994 at Dr. Johnny Nahui-Ortiz, Peru Oldenburg University informed us last year as follows: Was organising and co-ordinating the XII Renewable Energy Symposium in Peru, The ELDORADO Summer School at Univer- which took place November 21-26, 2005 in sity of Oldenburg was very important to my Lambayeque, Peru. career and until today I am applying in my Company (Companhia Energética de Minas Mr. Björn Kuntze, Germany Gerais – Cemig) the knowledge gained at this course. I am working for the Superintendên- Is still involved in the research and develop- cia de Tecnologia e Alternativas Energéticas. ment of Gasification projects. In 2006 his Mastergas-company is planning to install a Cemig is the state owned utility from the Mi- pilot plant of a wood-gas producer in com- nas Gerais State. Nowadays, I am working in bination with a Co-generation unit (100 identifying potential wind sites in Minas Ge- kWel). Another project planned will have a rais State. Also, I am managing a project in so- power output of approx. 460 kWel. lar thermal, that is the project, assembly and operation of the a experimental solar ther- Mr. Debesai Ghebrehiwet, Eritrea moelectric power plant using solar troughs. It is a very small scale - 10 kW, use aluminium Is heading the Energy Research Training as reflector and all material services and en- Centre - ERTC – from the Ministry of Energy, gineering is being done in Brasil. The start up which is doing different RE projects at the should be done in end of this year. moment, e.g. implementation of improved stoves nation wide, Installation of 30 sets of solar TV-Sytems, and probably purchas- PPRE 1995-96 ing some lab equipment for strengthening the energy centre. He hints the readers of Ms. Elizabeth Kingu, Tanzania the PPRE Newsletter to the following link: http://eappc11.lbl.gov/eri-stoves.lbl.gov/ Beside being Ass. Director of the O&M Sec- tion of Water Supply and Sewage Division
19 News from Alumni at Ministry of Water Elizabeth finished suc- cessfully her MBA-studies at University of Dar Es Salaam in Mid 2005.
Mr. Bereket Negash, Eritrea
Since beginning of 2006 Bereket is self em- ployed as RE Consultant to design, install and repair solar and wind energy systems as well as doing electrical installations. He left the Renewable Energy Center for which he was working ever since PPRE. Mr. B. Osawa, Kenya (left) meeting Mr. Awa Celestine Anyam from Cameroon, Director of Electricity, Ministry of Energy, Kamerun (PPRE PPRE 1996-97 96/97) at the FEMA-meeting, Uganda, 2005.
Mr. Bernard Osawa, Kenya Mr. Gajanana Hegde, India
Returned to Germany in April 2005 for about Returned from Curtin University, Perth. Did 20 days. He was invited by DAAD to partici- some work on a leach bed process for anaer- pate in a Summer School at University of obic digestion in a collaborative project Siegen. Afterwards he visited the leading between Curtin and Murdoch Universities International Trade Fair for Waste Disposal with funding support from Australian Re- and Environment in Munich – the IFAT 2005. search Council. Got some interesting results and “have written up most of the thesis and He was appointed Technical Director at IT expect to receive the PhD degree within the Power Eastern Africa in charge of the Sus- end of the year 2005” and joined the UN- tainable Development Programme end of FCCC Secretariat in Bonn, Germany (United 2004 already. Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) as Program Officer later in 2005. Latest News: In December 2005 already Bernard joined Lafarge East Africa (Bamburi Mr. Sebastian Sancho, Costa Rica Cement) as the Alternatives Fuels Manager. He is responsible for spearhead fuel sub- Did open up a branch-office from the Ger- stitution in two plants - Mombasa in Kenya man Company called RALOS GmbH in Ma- and Hima in Uganda. Currently the plants drid, Spain about 1 year ago. He mentioned use coal and Heavy Fuel Oil for the kilns that their solar adventure faced a smooth which is the major area of energy consump- first year, which has helped a lot in trading tion in Cement production. The objective of PV modules, while projects get ready for is to convert them to at least 50% biomass installation. But bureaucracy is amazing in and other industrial wastes. Spain, which slows down the process of im- plementing PV-projects very much.
20 News from Alumni
PPRE 1997-98 Mr. Thomas Jackson, US
Ms. Wooslène Vanginé, Haiti Presently living in Portugal, Thomas in- formed us that he has been out of renewa- Is still working for Alstom Power Generation bles for some years now, but continues to be AG in Mannheim, Germany. She is in charge very interested, especially in wind energy. of planning, projecting and installation of At the moment he is giving English lessons Mini-Hydro Power all over Europe and even at an English Academy in Portugal. He has worldwide. found it´s very difficult to find a job that pays well these days... including in renewables. Mr. Binu Parthan, India Unless you own your own company, or are a highly qualified technician or engineer, the Was appointed Deputy Director of the pay is very low. rogramme Co-ordination in the REEEP Inter- national Secretariat in Vienna, Austria end Mr. Wisdom A. Togobo, Ghana of 2004. Further info at: www.reeep.org As Head of Renewable Energy Section in Binu Parthan visited the Tata Energy Re- the Ministry of Energy wisdom is willing to search Institute (Teri) in Dehli, India in No- make Ghana a centre for PPRE-students and vember 2005 for launching REEEP South others interested to have a real experience Asian Secretariate. of RE in developing countries.
Dr. Ibrahim Odeh, Jordan Presently the following possibilities for practical trainings or Thesis-projects exist: Has completed his PhD studies from Uni- wind water pumping, small wind power, Off- versity of Ulster in the UK end of last year grid solar Electrification, biomass, small hy- 2005. His PhD title is „ Modelling, Field Data dro power plant. For the later the first small Analysis and Economics of PV Water Pump- hydro power plant in Ghana was installed in ing Systems and the Prospects of Utilizing April 2006. Desalination Using Reverse Osmosis“. In this regard, Ibrahim thanks very much the Old- Already last year Wisdom informed us that enburg University for their help and sup- a MoU for the development of pilot SHPs in port during his studies specially their help Ghana was signed by his Ministry and UNI- in supplying data needed for his thesis. DO / IN-SHP (International Network of Small Hydro Power), which is based in China. Out Currently Dr. Odeh is seeking an appropriate of this the first pilot plant was expected to job in the field of renewable energy of course, be completed by December 2005. may be in the academic field or with an inter- national agency/body where he can do some- Dr. Yin Zhang, China thing for the green sustainable energy. Is currently acting Dean of Dept. of Physics at Shandong Institute of Education in China, where he graduated in the State Key Lab. of Crystal Material in June 2004 with PhD in
21 News from Alumni
Materials Science and Engineering. During Ms. Lui Hui, China his study, although he specialised in study- ing the micro-structure, surface morphol- Successfully finished her MBA-study at ogy and physical properties of Nano-oxide Hult Int. Business School in the US last year powder and thin films, he was always partic- December. She wrote “The MBA study has ipating in lectures, seminars and other pro- been an interesting, and busy year, very in- grammes in solar cell. His research group is tensive, just like our PPRE. My eyes became applying at national nature science founda- bigger again” tion for a project related with organic solar cell. In near future Lui Hui is determined to work in the International business development field, especially when it is related with Chi- PPRE 1998-99 na. She is planning to return to China in Au- gust 2006. Mr. Hans Jaoko, Kenya Mr. Jan Lam, The Netherlands Was supposed to finish his PhD on Model- ling ‘UVB radiation in mid latitude of Africa’ Earlier in 2005 Jan Lam, who re-joined the in India by Mid May 2006. Besides he started SNV - Biogas Team in the Netherlands in a company called Regenerative Energy Sys- 2004, wrote to us from Rwanda where he tems and Technology Services (RESTS) last was involved in the feasibility study for a year in Kenya, where he has done a couple national biogas programme aiming at the of projects in Kenya, Tanzania and Somalia mass dissemination of household biogas in Renewable Energy. plants. The idea is that they extent the Asia Biogas Programme also in to some Latin- Dr. Dana Chirvase, Romania American and African countries. Rwanda is the first on the list. From there Jan Lam Returned to Romania right after finishing went to Cambodia to start the preparations her PhD-Studies about organic Solar Cells for implementing a biogas dissemination at our Energy-and Semiconductor Physics programme. Starting Mid June 2005 he Group, University of Oldenburg. will be stationed for his new assignment in Phnom Penh, Cambodia for 3 years. SNV Presently she is studying International Eco- signed a MoU with the local Ministry of Ag- nomic Relations in Bucharest. Her long term riculture on the set-up of a national biogas plans are to work within an international programme, for which Jan Lam will be act- organisation for energy (renewable) and ing as an advisor. sustainable development. She thinks that she needs to know about economics as well Mr. Bidzina Kekelia, Georgia besides the technics to reach her goal. Currently works for a small consulting Latest news: Dana started to work within company named CORE International in an the Ministry for Economy and Commerce, USAID funded project. They provide Advi- Department for Energy Policies, end of April sory Assistance to the Ministry of Energy of 2006. Georgia.
22 News from Alumni
PPRE 1999-00 the lecturers. He delivered modules on So- lar Energy (both PV and Thermal) and Ener- Dr. Ali Salim Al-Alawi, Sultanate of gy Economics. Also Mr. W. Jagwe, Uganda Oman (present PPRE-student) delivered lectures about the energy situation in Uganda and Returned as Associate Researcher to the planning rural power systems. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Sul- The title of the Summer School was „Energy tan Qaboos University after completing his Systems for Developing Countries“ with PhD on ‘PV-diesel hybrid water and power a focus on Uganda as the case study. The system’, Curtin University of Technology in course was attended by 32 participants Perth, Australia. (12 from Norway and 20 from Uganda). All participants were undergraduate students His present interests are in the field of fuel from the two universities. The course was cell, energy storage, energy system optimi- funded by NTNU and hosted by the Faculty sation, solar thermal and PV. of Technology. The course has also helped Al-mas to enhance his PhD research. They Mr. Al-Mas Sendegeya, Uganda are likely to organise a similar course next summer. If the funding University accepts Informed us in 2005 that he changed the to continue with the course they want to in- supervisor and the title of his PhD studies. volve students and modulators from other Now his research topic is about planning ru- universities in the region (Kenya and Tanza- ral power systems. The title is: „Monte Carlo nia) as well. Methods for Planning Rural Power Systems“. He is supervised by Prof. Söder of KTH-Uni- Mr. Bernhard Gläser, Germany versity in Stockholm, Sweden. As a first step, Al-mas was looking at the initial stages of Moved to Ethiopia in May 2006 to joined the the first proposed paper on investigating GTZ (German association for technical co- price sensitive loads and their impacts on operation), who is assisting the Ethiopian long-term load forecasting. Government with their University Capacity Building Program (see also small article). Al-mas is still staff-member of Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda and is doing Mr. Sham Subbarao, India a Sandwich-PhD with both institutions in Uganda and Sweden. As Senior Lecturer and co-ordinator of the Biomass Power Project in the Dept. of Mech. Additionally Al-mas was in charge of organ- Engg. at National Institute of Engineering ising a summer course together with Norwe- in Mysore, India, Sham is regularly taking gian University of Science and Technology up projects on renewable Energy systems (NTNU) in Mid 2005. The course has been or- design. His main focus is on Biomass En- ganised as a joint venture between the two ergy Technologies, where he is currently universities (NTNU and Makerere Univer- involved in building fuel efficient wood sity). Al-mas was the coordinator from the stoves (known as ASTRA VOLE) for a tribal Uganda side and at the same time among school near a local National park. In 2005
23 News from Alumni
PPRE 2000-01
Mr. Francis X. Ochieng, Kenya
Finished a 1 year Wind Training Course, IN- WENT in Germany last year October (www. inwent.de). Recently he joined University of Nairobi to built up an RE Training pro- gramme and to prepare for his PhD-studies.
Mr. Alger Gil Guerrero, Mexico
Quit his job at GPCc Inc., Quebec, Canada to return to Germany in Mid 2005 for his PhD-studies. His studies will focus on Wind potential for Mexico and he will conduct his research at Technical University of Freiberg Sham (4 fr. left) next to his wife Suma at supported by DAAD. lunch on Eco-Farm Project. More details about his PhD: The objective Sham was also conducting a one day work- of this study will be to apply the large scale shop for local Masons to build fuel efficient wind resource assessment methodology biomass stoves. developed by CBEE, and currently being used within the UNDP SWERA program, to Another project from him on sustainable preliminarily assess the wind potential in Farm has taken shape in 2005 as well: Six Mexico and from this it is hoped that they (environmental conscious) families have could be in a position to draw some conclu- joined together and they have started de- sions about the overall wind potential of the veloping a sustainable and organic farm country. by name „KANANA“ in a village near by. The farm is totally of 3 acres and they have How I got there ? - Here a brief chronology started growing vegetables for their home about the PhD studies: requirements organically (No chemicals !). They have also built a small house using eco 2002: While doing an internship at Lahmeyer friendly technology (Mud blocks). Their vi- International with Dipl.-Phys. Roland Riess, I sion is to meet the food and energy needs got interested in Mesoscale Modelling to of all 6 families from this farm. They were assess wind potential for large areas. planting some 1000 trees in the rainy sea- son (May/June 2005) and they have started 2003: (1) While working for GAMESA Ener- a plant nursery. Other plans: building of a gia‘s partner in Mexico, I got involved in site Biogas plant, solar water pumping, drip ir- prospection activities and realized about rigation systems. the lack of reliable meteorological informa- tion in countries like Mexico, which repre- sents one of the several and evident obsta-
24 News from Alumni cles to the implementation of large scale port in organic semiconductors“at the En- wind energy projects. ergy- and Semiconductor Research Group at University of Oldenburg end of 2005. She (2) First approach with Oldenburg Univer- is currently holding a 2 years Post-doc posi- sity to propose a research project related tion within the Institute of Physics at Univer- to this field. This effort unfortunately failed sity of Oldenburg. In the Summer term 2006 due to administrative requirements. she gave a lecture course “photovoltaics” for the present PPRE students (3) Deeper research about mesoscale mod- elling activities in different countries. I was particularly interested in the work being PPRE 2001-02 done at Brazilian Wind Energy Center by Dr. Everaldo Feitosa and Dr. Robert Benoit from Mr. Santiago Sánchez, Ecuador Environment Canada. Wrote in 12/2005: (4) First personal contact with Dr. Robert Be- noit in Montreal. My company ENERPRO is going well. I am participating in some tenders for the supply (5) Interest from GTZ-Mexico and Institute and installation of RE systems in the conti- for Electrical Research (Mexican govern- nent (Amazon) and in the Galapagos. Look- ment agency) to provide support to this ing for some distribution of RE equipment. project as part of the UNDP project for I will start a consultancy for the Galapagos Mexico called „Plan of Action for Removing Electric Utility on capacity building to han- Barriers for the Full Scale Commercial Im- dle the large RE projects planned there with plementation of Wind Power“ (UNDP) UN funds. Also, we are entering the area of energy efficiency. There is a lot of work; (6) After many efforts and with strong sup- hopefully this will translate into earnings port from Dr. Spitta from DAAD-Mexico, I next year. was finally accepted as PhD student by TU Freiberg. I am also teaching RE at the Universidad San Francisco de Quito. It is a private university 2004: The project is finally and kindly sup- of prestige
25 News from Alumni
Mr. Oliver Risse, Germany Mr. Anand Shukla, India
As Regional Manager for Southeast Asia Is presently doing his PhD-research titled from SunTechnics GmbH, Hamburg, Germa- ‘Study of technological, economical and ny (which is a subsidiary company of Coner- social aspects to energize off-grid region gy AG) Mr. Risse is currently in charge for the through distributed generation in devel- establishment of another subsidiary office oping countries’ at Wuppertal Institute for for Southeast Asia, which will be located Climate, Environment and Energy, Germany. in Singapore. Actually they are recruiting Within the scope of his PhD Anand is sup- new staff for their Singapore office at the posed to carry out several case-studies in moment and still looking for experienced different countries. Therefore he spent the manpower. first half of 2005 in Vietnam and thereafter he joined the Energy Research Center (ERC), In April 2006 Mr. Risse moved with his fam- University of Cape Town, South Africa for ily to Singapore for 3 years. a Case-study on “Understanding of Rural Electrification in South Africa“(please see Mr. Alejandro Umana, Columbia details in other article).
Quit working with Garrad Hassan and Part- Mr. Aravind PV, India ners in Bristol, UK, by end of March 2006. He joined UPC Europe Wind Management in Who is still doing his PhD-studies at Section London. Their main aim for development of thermal power engineering, Faculty of is east European countries but they are also Design, Engineering and Production, Delft active in countries like India and the Philip- University of Technology, The Netherlands, pines. was invited to PPRE, University of Olden- burg in early June 2005 for providing a Gasi- Dr. Quoc Khanh Nguyen, Vietnam fication-Seminar to PPRE-students.
Did finish his PhD in 2005 titled „Long term optimization of energy demand and sup- Mr. Jordi Avellaneda de la Calle, Spain ply in Vietnam with special reference to the potential of renewable energies“. Khanh Is about to finish his MBA-studies at IESTE, was working at the Bremen Energy Insti- Barcelona, Spain. Jordi went in September tute (www.bei.uni-bremen.de) and his su- 2005 to Tuck Business School, Boston, US, pervisors were Prof. Pfaffenberger (most of to take his second year of his MBA-studies you know) from International University of overthere. Bremen and Prof. Welsch from University of Oldenburg. Mr. Butchaiah Gadde, India
Presently Khanh is working at the Hanoi In- After some years with IT Power India in Pon- stitute of Energy, but his work there has not dicerry Butchaiah has been accepted for much to do with renewable energy. PhD studies at the Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), which is an autonomous graduate school instituted
26 News from Alumni
under the jurisdiction of the Council of the Bank of Construction Management (EBRD) King Mongkut‘s University of Technology is looking for an engineer, who will be in Thonburi in Thailand. charge of Energy Efficiency and Climate Change matters.
PPRE 2002-03 A respective job-advertisement was spread via the PPRE-alumni list. Mr. Jhantu Kumar Saha, Bangladesh Alumni interested, please contact either Gi- Is doing his PhD in the field of Thin Film anpierro directly or the PPRE-staff. Solar Cell Materials in Saitama University, Japan since last year April 2005 after pass- Mr. Alejandro Bango, Spain ing the Doctors entrance examination. End of 2005 Jhantu was focusing his research on Went to Brasil early 2004 to work on local the micro-wave plasma enhanced chemi- RE-projects. Presently he is working with cal vapor deposition (MWPE-CVD) of amor- Ecologica Assessoria in Sao Paulo. phous and polycrystalline silicon films for thin film solar cells. About his first 1,5 years in Brazil Alejandro wrote the following: Ms. Jie Shao, China Since my arrival in Brazil I‘m working on the Is working in a Chinese governmental pro- promotion of renewable energy projects, gram called “RE in Rural Areas” in Gansu prov- focused on the CDM issues as a market in- ince. They focus on the operators training, centive to improve financial flows into re- the rural fuels and rural energy consumption newable energy projects. Within this scope, – please see also her small article. Once she we try to promote mainly micro-hydro, solar was working together with Mr. Christoph PV and biofuels as part of the fuel switching Schröder from Germany (PPRE 97/98) who programs to decrease pollution from en- is working for GTZ in China since about 4 ergy facilities. years in the Pico Hydro Power field. Also the rural electrification is within this Btw: Jie Shao gave birth to a lovely daugh- scope, bearing in mind geographical particu- ter called Maomao in 2005. larities. I‘m trying to study the feasibility of PV grid connected and on isolated grids (North Latest news: In May 2006 Jie Shao moved Brazil) and the use of Biomass gasification as to Beijing to work for a wind program called energy source for local communities. ‚China Wind Power Center‘. Beside she will also continue working for her recent pro- The technologies are well known in Brazil, gram, ‚RE in rural areas‘, as a technical con- moreover the country is shattered by thou- sultant. sand of projects lacking a deep study on customer-provider management schemes, in Mr. Gianpierro Nacci, Italy the mean time the governmental program to bring light to the rural areas is still seen as Informed us, that his team at the European philanthropic and not as a potential business.
27 News from Alumni
On the CDM issues, I‘m involved on the Mr. Manoj Khadka, Nepal design and feasibility studies on poten- tial CDM projects, covering energy effi- Since May 2005 he is director of the Insti- ciency, renewable energies, landfill to gas tute of Local Governance Studies (Inlogos), projects, transport sector and reforestation an NGO working for empowering local gov- projects – in one of them I was directly in- ernance system and support for different volved……………………. to be continued ! development works at the central level as well as local level. Mr. Fernando Vega, Honduras Major Works Performed: In Mid 2005 went with his family to the US, more precisely Siloam Springs, Arkansas, • Involved in team of preparing guidelines where he joined a private university (www. for „Internalization of MEDEP into DDC jbu.edu), to teach in the engineering divi- and other central level agencies“ for sion and to do some research as well. In the MEDEP/UNDP. medium term his job will involve a lot of • Involved in technical support team of renewable energies in the form of teaching „Preparation of Urban Poverty Reduction and project implementation in 3rd world Strategy“ organized by Municipal Associa- countries. The long term project goal is tion of Nepal and Ministry of Local Devel- to create a renewable energy program for opment with support from GTZ and DED. wich they actually hired Fernando. • Coordination of other activities associated with the institute as Comparative Study of Mr. Ihtsham Farooq Choudhry, Pakistan CIAA, Study of Personnel Management of Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Review of Was employed by AREVA Energietechnik District Periodic Plan of Bhaktapur DDC, GmbH, Division of decentralized energy Study of PPP arrangement of Electricity systems, in Bremen, Germany in Mid 2005 and Water Supply in Municipalities etc. (www.areva-td.com). They are working done by the Institute. in the field of Biomass Power plants. Last • Looking after the overall financial and ad- year the company had three contracts of ministrative management of the institute. construction and erection of 13 MW power • Coordinating with the Board of directors plants run by biomass (CHP) in Brazil. Sham and working as secretary of the board. is working on project management (opera- tion and functioning of the whole plant and Btw: Manoj got married in Summer 2005. also different components of the plant, like boiler, turbine etc). PPRE 2003-04 Mr. Juan Jose Trujillo, Colombia Mr. Ferdinand Ajamah, Cameroon Joined the Endowed Chair of Wind Energy at the Institute of Aircraft Design, University Wrote earlier last year: of Stuttgart as research assistant. Juan is We are presently experiencing a very sym- supposed to do his PhD-studies there. pathetic situation in Cameroon with respect to the continuous rise of fuel prices. The
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government has just announced another Mr. George C. Bandlamudi, India increase in fuel prices, two months after the last one. The question is when shall this rise Started his PhD at Centre for Fuel Cell Tech- stop? nology (ZBT)“ at Duisburg, Germany (www. zbt-duisburg.de) in April 2005 – please see To bring renewable energy to the people article. of Cameroon, we, SAF - Solair Afric - (Solar Energy company) are presently carrying out capacity building in photovoltaic technol- ogy. Additionally, we are opening a renewa- Mr. Everson Possamai, Brasil ble energy research department in our com- pany. Target groups amongst others include Was looking for a job for 5 months upon his engineers, technicians and researchers, per- return to Brasil after PPRE. Actually there sonnel of the various ministries including have been some opportunities with respect the ministry of energy in Cameroon. to Renewable Energy offered to him, but obviously the salary was not good enough. In brief, our perspectives include Finally Everson got a job as engineer with • To promote a strong scientific exchange John Deere (an internationally known farm with other countries in the world by offer- tractors manufacturer). For 1,5 year his job ing laboratory and field training to scien- will be in a new plant project execution. tists, engineers, technicians and special- Later on he is supposed to work inside the ised courses in PV conversion; plant in maintenance or process engineer- • Serving as a regional resource of technical ing. Everson thinks that John Deere offered expertise in PV demonstration projects him a job because of his RE background, and implementation problems ; which might be also interesting for John • Serving as a regional centre for renew- Deere in the long run ? able energy policy research, studying the social and cultural factors relating to the Latest news: in March 2006 Everson wrote use of solar energy. that he is working as Environmental Techni- cal Advisor in a big steel producer multina- To go through this task we need any col- tional (and that he is proud to be in a Bra- laboration and guidance especially with zilian multinational!). He is responsible for respect to getting some funding, otherwise solid waste management of the plant locat- we might fall short of our target. I shall be ed close where he is living with his family. grateful if you will kindly give me links (con- tacts) of any Alumni who has undertaken a Mr. Andreas Michel, Germany similar project so that we can exchange ex- periences. Did join the GTZ after graduation, where he is working in ProBEC - Programme for Of course Ferdinand is still working with the Biomass Energy Conservation in Southern ministry of Energy and is doing also energy Africa. The Head office is located in Mulanje, projects with NGO‘s like Humanities & So- MALAWI. End of 2005 Andreas informed us cial Sciences Research Centre that the dissemination of the Rocket stoves
29 News from Alumni in the region is increasing steadily. So far Mr. Prashun Ratna Bajracharya, Nepal more then 600 Rocket stoves have been dis- tributed (see also respective article). Re-joined the Biogas Programme Nepal af- ter PPRE. The biogas programme in Nepal After doing a training for several months at is running smoothly. They are implement- GTZ in South-Africa, Andreas was offered a ing Fourth Phase of the biogas programme proper job at GTZ in October 2005. He will and with a target to construct additional be involved in the project named above. 200.000 biogas plants all over the country up to 2009. Last year, Biogas Programme Earlier in 2006 he participated in a GTZ- -Nepal received Ashden Award - 2005 from Stove-conference in Johannesburg, South- Ashden Award for Sustainable Energy- Africa, where Andreas met other PPRE-alum- Great Britain. ‘Biogas Programme Nepal’ ni, like Ms. Anna Ingwe, Tanzania (PPRE has already been registered with the execu- 1991-92) and Samson Tolessa, Ethiopia tive board of the CDM and 180.000 biogas (PPRE 1994-95). plants have been registered with the CDM in its preliminary phase. World Bank is all set to make an agreement with Nepal to buy one million tons of carbon dioxide for about 4.5 million dollar.
Mr. Indradip Mitra, India
Returned to his duties at the Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI) in Dehli, India after PPRE.
PPRE-Alumni-Meeting at GTZ-Stove-confer- In 2005 he was engaged in a project where ence in Johannesburg they are trying to develop a master plan for electrification of over 16000 households Besides improved cookstoves the local GTZ- (over 100000 people) in Sundarbans with team is also working on new projects relat- grid quality power through renewable en- ed to Improved Tobacco curing barns. ergy technologies.
Mr. Richard Lawless, Ireland Mr. Mitra also went for a 128.8 MW wind farm vetting for Enercon company (India) Started working as RE-Engineer with Lah- to a site near Jaisalmer, close to the desert meyer International GmbH in Bad Vibel, ‘Thar’, where there is already 450 MW in- near Frankfurt in Mid 2005. stalled. The picture below was shows a sandstorm during a his site-visit, which is Mr. Matthieu Sarran, France common in this region.
Quit his job with Sun Master Energiesys- In early 2006 Mr. Mitra started his PhD-studies teme in Austria late 2005 to also join Lah- under the guidance of Prof. Schmid at Univer- meyer Int. in Bad Vibel, near Frankfurt. sity of Kassel. His PhD-Studies are sponsored
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promised to send an experience paper. Fur- thermore he mentioned that in Sri Lanka there are no much research facilities avail- able and basically no money to do experi- ment – so he is trying with his own money.
Mr. Nicolas Veneranda, Argentina
wrote about his work for Lahmeyer Interna- tional in Italy: Typical sand storm at WEC-farm in Desert-region in India “Here in Italy apart from being cold, the gov- ernment doesn‘t decide to promote wind by CONERGY company located in Hamburg, energy as it should be, so all projects in Germany. He will be located at Institute of So- Sardegna are stopped, the bureaucracy is lar Energy Research (ISET), Kassel. strong but any way, this is Italy”.
Mr. Erkata Yandri, Indonesia Mr. Torsten Bröer, Germany
As Energy Analyst and Project Develop- As Ph.D. Candidate of the recently imple- ment Controller at PT. SMART Tbk (www. mented HyWindBalance-Project (see also smart-tbk.com) Erkata informed us that in article under news from Oldenburg) at EHF Mid 2005 his company was dealing with in the Institute of Physics at University of a Japanese investor to start a CDM Biogas Oldenburg, Torsten visited for 4 months as Project. If accepted Erkata will be involved guest researcher the Institute for Integrated in this big Biogas construction project. Fur- Energy Systems (IESVic), University of Victo- ther news to come ! ria, Canada (www.iesvic.uvic.ca).
Ms. Farida Joppich, Kyrgyzstan From there he wrote: Today a colleague of mine came into my of- Formerly known as Farida Husainova started fice and introduced me to a guy from Ger- her PhD-studies with respect to Hydrogen many. We had the usual conversation like Storage at the Technical Thermodynamic „were do you come from“, „what are you Institute in DLR, Stuttgart in Mid 2005. doing there“ etc. etc...... and after a while it turned out that we both were studying in The correct title of her PhD is „Entwick- Oldenburg and even more surprising we lung und Verifizierung eines Auslegung- both did PPRE. skonzepts für neu entwickelte Metallhy- dridsysteme zur Wasserstoffspeicherung“. So thanks to my colleague over here - who just thought „Germans should meet Ger- Mr. Iresha Somarathne, Sri Lanka mans“ - ... I met Milorad Nikolic (PPRE 95/96), who is in the Dept. of Greek and In Mid 2005 Iresha was trying to couple one Roman Studies over here and does research small Stirling engine with a Gasifier and he on „Fluid dynamics in aquaducts“ - the peo-
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ber 2005 he was invited to give a presenta- tion to gtz-staff about ‘Rural Electrification in Eastern Africa: is Solar PV an impossible dream?’- Contents: Eastern Africa Overview, Solar PV for Rural Micro-entrepreneurship: possible?, Social Capital / Social Interac- tions: the Missing Link in PV, PV in Eastern Africa: „Success“ or „Failure“?, Some High- lights from the East African Renewable En- ergy Common Market Study, Conclusion. PPRE-alumni met by chance in Vancouver Island: M. Nikolic (left) & T. Bröer After his studies with us he returned to Kenya earlier this year, where he joined the ple in the department where I work in (at gtz-office for East-Africa, which is located in the moment) are also doing lots of „Fluid Nairobi. Initially he will be in charge of pool- dynamics research“ - but on fuel cells. Milo ing the (gtz) energy projects into one bas- is using the same simulation software and ket. He is Regional Officer at GTZ Regional that‘s why archaeology and fuel cells „have Energy Advisory Platform Eastern Africa lots in common“. (GTZ REAP-EA).
Mr. Boon Jin Tek, Malaysia PPRE 2004-06 Started 1st of May as training engineer with Mr. A.N.M. Zobayer, Bangladesh CONERGY AG in Hamburg. After the train- ing of several months Boon Jin was shifted Returned to his former position in the to the newly installed branch office for the Sustainable Rural Energy Project at the lo- East-Asian market in Singapore. The com- cal Government Engineering Department, pany there is called: Suntechnics Energy Bangladesh. Zobayer already managed to Systems Pte. Ltd. (www.suntechnics.com). raise funds for 10 Solar Home System using Hence Boon Jin is almost at home. LED for demonstration. They are going to install these systems on large scale. Actually Mr. Alfredo Pena Diaz, Columbia he is seeking LED lamp manufacturer com- panies at the moment. Started his PhD-studies at the Wind Energy Department in Risoe National Laboratory, In August 2006 Zobayer is going to Asian Roskilde, Denmark, in April 2006. He is Institute of Technology (AIT) in Thailand for working in the meteorology division. The Biomass Gasifier Specialisation. This stay is project in which he is involved, at the first funded by UNDP. beginning, is the evaluation and analysis of measurements taken offshore with LIDAR Mr. David Otieno, Kenya and SODAR in a platform in the north see. Aim of the project is to see the character- Did his practical training and project work at istics of the boundary layer at different gtz-office in Eschborn, Germany. In Novem- heights and turbulence properties.
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Mr. Naveed Akhtkar, Pakistan His responsibilities are: advising the Na- tional Coordination in the planning of the After PPRE he got a job as Research Engineer program, giving some lectures about Stand at the Chair for Materials Processing in Uni- Alone PV Systems to distribution utilities´ versity of Bayreuth, Germany, where he is technicians, and giving support to PV in- involved in fuel cell activities and in charge stallations all over the country when it is of building up a test station for SOFC. needed.
Mr. Maksim Toropov, Kyrgyzstan Mr. Sebastian Herrmann, Germany
Is working as trainee since May 2006 in a Will start working for „Deutschen Energie small firm in Hamburg, called Microsol So- Agentur“ – DENA – in Berlin (http://www. larsysteme GMBH (www.SydneySolar.de). deutsche-energie-agentur.de) from 1st of Au- The company has around 15-years experi- gust 2006. ence in installation and service of solar ther- mal and PV systems in Hamburg and out- He will join the International Cooperation skirts. In August he’ll start to work for them team working in the field of CDM and Joint within a pilot-project. Their task will be to Implementation. assemble and test so called Maximum Re- flector Collectors. It has a small elongated absorber and big parabolic reflector. That design pretend to be a low-cost alternative to the flat plate collector.
Mr. Juan Carlos Moreno, Venezuela
Joined FUNDELEC´s Renewable Energy team on May 15th 2006. Fundelec
Juan Carlos has been hired until December as an Advisor for the National Coordination of the Program “Sembrando Luz”, which is addressed to provide electricity to schools, health and community centers located in isolated and boundary areas of Venezuela with RE options. The Program has started using only PV systems but it is planned to evolve soon to hybrid systems (PV-Wind- Diesel).
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NEWS, EUREC ALUMNI ergy. Some of the areas which he is involved in are:
Mr. Adrien Clauzonnier, France • Wind potential measurements • Techno-economic studies for wind parks Who started to work for Suntechnics Com- developments pany in Madrid after EUREC-programme in- • Energy Management and Planning formed us that he is working at the moment on off-grid systems; and that he is seeking Mr. Justin Carrell, UK some data of off-grid systems in order to compare off grid simulation tool to reality After months of looking he has found a life operation system. job with Creative Environmental Networks (www.cen.org.uk), a not for profit organisa- Mr. Denis Thomas, Belgium tion in London working in partnership with local authorities and the European Union After his fruitful MSc-studies Denis re- to design and implement environmental turned from Zaragoza to Belgium, where projects. Justin is working as a project man- he got married and became father in ager in the renewables team. At the mo- April. Only after settling these rather per- ment he is assessing CHP projects (up to sonal matters, Denis started working for a about 100kWe), which includes feasibility non-profit organization named „Energie studies, promotional and marketing work, Facteur 4 asbl“ (www.ef4.be) from the be- and project management. He also works ginning of May. He is project responsible on sustainable energy in housing, looking for the implementation of PV projects on at all small scale renewable and low carbon public buildings in municipalities in Wallo- micro generation. nia. Besides this, Denis takes part in a large study (FIERWall) which tries to identify the However, CEN does also work on solar ther- industrial RE channels in Wallonia through mal, PV, small wind and biomass, so that R&D, production, distribution and expor- he might hopefully get some exposure to tation these topics as well.
Mr. Panagiotis Mantas, Greece Mr. Duncan Ansell, UK
Started working on Wind-projects for LAH- Is working as Marine Resource Analyst in MEYER INTERNATIONAL GmbH, Bad Vilbel, the field of tidal energy Marine Current Tur- Germany. At the moment he has a 6-months bines Ltd., UK. They developed the SeaGen contract. At Lahmeyer he meets quite a few machine which is going to be installed in PPRE-absolvents. Northern Ireland, later this year. Duncan promised to send some pictures of the in- Mr. Avraamides Stelios, Cypres stallation when ready.
Is working at AEOLIKI company (www.aeo- liki.con) in Cyprus. The company‘s main ob- jectives are Environment projects and En-
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REPORTS FROM ALUMNI Largest PV system of Central & Latin America installed
By Thomas Schwarz, Germany (PPRE 89/90)
On March 10th 2006 the largest PV system (20kWp) of Central & Latin America started its operation at the German school in San Salvador, as the first grid-coupled PV sys- tem in El Salvador. The system will generate Schott Solar and Photowatt, and the invert- about 27000 kWh annually and cover about er manufacturer SMA. 25% of the schools electricity consumption and thus save considerable expenses. In ad- The PV system is outstanding not only for dition, the generated surplus energy during it‘s size but also by its architecture, which weekends and vacation time will be fed into makes it a widely seen attraction (see pic- the public grid and the local utility compa- tures on internet page below). And it will ny will pay a certain compensation to the serve not only as a regional role model, school for each kWh fed into the grid. This, but also as a teaching and training object in addition to the electricity cost savings, for students of the German school and the should recover the investment costs within neighbouring university. Such follow-up ac- 20 years (this may be different for other con- tivities are part of the second phase of the ditions with different energy prices!). As this project, for which Phönix SonnenStrom AG grid coupled system does not include bat- is cooperating with the „Universidad Cen- teries (the grid serves as energy „buffer“), it troAmericana José Simeón Cañas“ of San is expected however to work with minimal Salvador. And last but not least, part of the maintenance for many more years. PV system serves as sun-roof for the play- ground of the „Kindergarten“ of the Ger- This PV system is part of the „Leuchtturm“ man school. This way, the kids grow up with project of the German Energy Agency a solar system as a natural part of their daily (DENA), through which grid coupled PV life. systems will be set up in several German schools around the world. The first one had Meanwhile, on April 7, it has been already been installed in Athens during last years officially inaugurated by the President of El Olympics, and at least two more will be in- Salvador himself, who is very supportive for stalled in Portugal and South Africa. The fi- the widespread application of solar energy nancing of these systems is shared between in his country. So, supported by excellent DENA, the schools as the beneficiaries, and news coverage in leading newspapers and various sponsors, among them the compa- TV channels, this project has already drawn nies involved. For the San Salvador project the attention of many more interested com- this was our company, Phönix SonnenStrom panies and organisations in El Salvador, who AG, in charge of planning, delivery and in- want to set up and operate similar systems. stallation, the module manufacturers RWE
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For additional information about the nomical reasons. whole project You can contact me, who was in charge of the planning and instal- Electricity supply in rural areas is often done lation, or my colleague Gerson Castillo with an stand-alone approach without con- ([email protected]), who initi- sidering its social, economical and environ- ated the project and will be in charge for mental dimensions. The present concept the follow-up activities. And check out the of sustainable development envisages to following internet pages for a description, include all three dimensions in order to technical summary and several pictures of achieve overall development. It is from this the system: perspective, the present PhD research has http://www.SonnenStromAG.de/index. been undertaken to study all three dimen- php?entryid=233 sions of electrification in off-grid rural areas. Proposed research envisages to assess vari- ous technological options and experiences Case-study on “Understand- gained so far with the help of successful ing of Rural Electrification in case examples in various countries. Off- South Africa“ grid electrification is the prime focus in the present research, therefore, potential and scope of renewable energy technologies in Proposal within PhD on ‘Study of techno- the country is considered. logical, economical and social aspects to energize off-grid region through distribut- To understand the subject more deeper, it ed generation in developing countries’ is important to have first hand experience, study country’s government policies on submitted by Mr. Anand Shukla, India (PPRE rural electrification and gain the grassroot 2001-02) Submitted at: Energy Research Cent- realities through visiting few sites in rural er (ERC), University of Cape Town, South Africa areas. Selection of South Africa for the case study is an outcome of small survey con- Concept ducted among key International Energy professionals. The main view point was that Provision of electricity is necessary for the South Africa is quite advanced in the con- overall development of any region. The sad text of rural electrification and also country fact is, there are more than 2 billion popu- has shown number of successful examples lation living in rural areas without access which could serve as a good learnings for to electricity. And, the equal number of other countries. people are having access to electricity but to a limited and unreliable extent. Inter- Objectives of case study national projections reveal that there will be equal number of people without access The main objective of the case study is to to electricity in the year 2030 if we follow understand the rural electrification situa- the business-as-usual scenario. Situation is tion keeping in mind the following ques- more critical to the areas (off-grid), where tions: electricity is not possible to supply through conventional grid due to technical and eco- • Is rural electrification taken as integrated
36 Reports from Alumni
approach? Energy, Döppersberg 19, 42103 Wupper- • Is distributed generation an option for ru- tal, Germany. Tel: +49 202 2492 309 ral electrification? • How sustainable is rural electrification in the present approach? Energy efficient household • Potential and scope of renewable energy stoves for Malawi – Smoke- technology in off-grid electrification? less fire in the ROCKET STOVE • Target to achieve universal electrification in the country • What should be the strategies for rural electrification? • Interlinkages of rural electrification with rural development, MDGs, etc, • Success factors and technologies for rural electrification? • Relevant investment projects
Methodology
The proposed case study is planned to be carried out with the help of different ap- proaches through desk study as well as the field research. The desk study would in- clude develop an understanding over gov- ernment policies on rural electrification in the country. Literature survey will be done By Andreas Michel (PPRE 03/04), ProBEC/GTZ, and a search will be made on various stud- [email protected] ies carried out in the country in the recent past. In 2004 the Rocket Stove technology was brought to Malawi within ProBEC (Pro- Visit to the rural areas will help deepening gramme for Biomass Energy Conservation the understanding into the sector. Various in Southern Africa / GTZ). So far the wood key stakeholders is planned to interview for burning stoves are used for institutional assessing their insights and understanding cooking in Malawi. Due to complete com- in this sector (also through structured ques- bustion inside the insulated combustion tionnaire). This will help analysing the future chamber the stove reaches very high effi- of rural electrification in the country. ciencies. The wood savings of some custom- ers are up to 90% by using this new technol- Duration ogy. Besides the high efficiency the health impact of this stove needs to be mentioned. 15th July 2005 to 31st October 2005. Due to the high combustion temperatures even the smoke is burnt, so in these stoves Address for correspondence: Wuppertal there is a smokeless fire. Institute for Climate, Environment and
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The task for 2005 is to scale the Rocket our and duty to deliver German expertise. Stove principle down to household size. We are developing a wood burning household This is historically one of the biggest ever stove that will compete with the charcoal projects in East Africa (for GTZ), and the ex- and paraffin stoves. The challenge is to find citement coming along with it is of course local materials from which the stove can be huge. made. This will reduce the costs and it will allow that the stoves can be build by local I will keep interested parties updated – but producers. please be patient until Mid 2006 before ex- pecting any further announcements. For The Household Rocket Stove was presented further information please visit: www.gtz. at the Malawi International Trade Fair 2005 de/international-services in Blantyre/Malawi end of May 2005.
By end of 2005 about 600 Rocket stoves My present activities in Georgia have been distributed in the region. By Bidzina Kekelia, Georgia (PPRE 98/9)
GTZ support for Ethiopia’s Currently I work for a small consulting com- University Capacity Building pany CORE International in a USAID funded Program project Advisory Assistance to the Ministry of Energy of Georgia. Our project provides advisory services to the Ministry in a host By Bernhard Gläser, Germany (PPRE 1999/2000) of energy sector issues including national energy policy reform, energy sector reform The GTZ (German association for techni- and governance improvement, medium cal co-operation) is assisting the Ethiopian and long term sector strategy development, Government with their University Capacity public awareness and public participation Building Program. methodologies to engage the public in an informed dialog on reforms, development The programme’s scope is to build 13 uni- of a Ministry-wide energy management versities (!) at various locations across the information system, as well as assisting the country. The Ethiopian government is fully Ministry in the day to day sector policy is- funding this very ambitious project, and sues. CORE’s advisory support to the Minis- they have allocated a considerable amount try includes assistance in the development of money in order to meet this challenge. of new legislation to aid in implementing reforms, development of amendments to The GTZ is acting as a consultant within the existing energy laws, policy papers on en- construction/engineering sector for this ergy regulatory approaches and market project. In order to enhance skills and gen- structure, issues surrounding energy secu- erate lasting expertise the GTZ should fur- rity of the country. ther organize vocational training advice for the Ethiopians. I am one out of 25 German My position with this project is called Senior skill-upgrading experts who have the hon- Energy Expert and I‘m mostly involved with
38 Reports from Alumni
technical issues. I also manage several sub- tre for Fuel Cell Technology (ZBT)“ at Duis- projects like: burg, Germany, just when I was concluding * Development of a website for the Ministry my short stay at the GATE division of GTZ, of Energy (www.minenergy.gov.ge); Eschborn in Feb. 2005. The invitation was * Preparation of Pre-Feasibility studies for quite a surprise as I was on the verge of leav- potential large scale projects like: 700 MW ing for India, after working for GTZ. Khudoni HPP; 500 KV High Voltage Trans- mission Line „South Georgia“; 450 MW Na- Well, ZBT is a young research Institute, fund- makhvani HPP Cascade; ed by the state of NRW (Nord-Rhein-West- * Development of a Simulation Model of falia) and the EU. It was quite interesting for Georgian Power Sector (hourly dispatch of me to join ZBT straight away without having power plants and financial revenue mod- to go to India and come back to Germany. eling); Hence, I had joined ZBT in April 2005 and * Development of Ministry MIS system am still with ZBT since then. The research (including internal Document Forwarding work is quite interesting, challenging and System and Database - both linked to the rewarding. The work environment is quite Ministry website); pleasant. ZBT‘s thrust areas are gas process- ing, auxilary power units and fuel cell stack And any other technical issue that comes up designs. I am especially working to under- or requested by the Ministry, like the one on stand the fuel cell system behavioural pat- classification of Hydro Power Plants in other terns over time. My focus areas are micro countries... and mini fuel cells. I am also interested in high temperature PEMs coupled to biogas Our project runs till the end of this year... processors. The high temp. PEMs (HT PEM- Then, I will see... FCs) are an emerging technology where high CO tolerance is possible, and the wa- By the way, I have applied to PhD programs ter management is not an issue. HT PEMFCs in Mechanical Engineering at several Uni- would make sense for systems coupled to versities and waiting for their decisions. biogas processors. Well, its a long way to go, One of them is Colorado State University but one step at a time with steady progress with a strong Solar Energy program and So- is what I aim at. I do believe that my work at lar Lab. It could happen that I may end up ZBT would enable me to build systems that on a study bench again... :o) would contribute to sustainable develope- ment. Best regards to Oldenburg and PPRE staff! Bidzina If any of you should be interested in project proposals such as biodiesel, biogas coupled systems using HT PEM stacks, feel free to My Research at Centre for Fuel get in touch with me and we might try to Cell Technology, Duisburg work together.
By George Bandlamudi, India (PPRE 2003-04) My e-mail: [email protected]
I had an invitation to do my PhD in the „Cen-
39 Reports from Alumni
CNESOLER, MALI (PPRE 1988-89) E-mail: [email protected]
The activity of the ‘RE in Rural Objective of the Project: Areas’- program in China This project has contributed to the poverty By Ms. Shao Jie, China (PPRE 2002/03) reduction by energy access and the provid- ing to the Malian population from remote The program of ‘Renewable Energy in Ru- areas of 960 solar PV systems for an installed ral Areas’ is a technical cooperation pro- power of 56 678 Wp with 1383 modules in gram with Chinese NDRC and MOFCOM in 250 villages. line with Chinese government program, called Township electrification program These systems permit to improve the qual- (song dian dao xiang). Its concentrating in ity and the rate of health, alphabetisation, four provinces of Western China, which are education and training. Qinghai, Yunnan, Gansu and Tebit. The pro- gram started of in the year 2002 in Qinghai In its implementation, the project answered and Yunnan provinces and was extended in to the preoccupation and politics of the gov- 2005 to Gansu and Tebit provinces. End of ernment, mainly those written in the refer- Program is scheduled for September 2007. ential program of the fight against poverty (CSLP), the energetic policy, the strategy for The aim of this program is to improve the promotion and vulgarisation of Renewable living and working conditions of the rural Energies. population in remote areas far from the grid by providing access to energy services Specific objectives: based on renewable sources of energy. The main activities are concerning the fields • Provide to the rural areas 960 solar PV sys- of consulting to the program of ‘Township tems for lighting within 570 lamp-stand; electrification program’ and a KfW (German • Provide to the rural areas 15 systems for Government Bank) PV program by system solar PV water pumping of 1680 Wp each design and monitoring as well as operators to supply the common water; training, socio-economic impact monitor- ing, international quality standards of RE Project Impacts: components, dissemination of rural fuels and rural energy consumption technologies, • To give lighting to 275 schools, health capacity building and publicity campaigns. centres, alphabetisation centres and pub- lic lighting in rural areas; • To give 670 lamp-stands for public light- PEPLS Project: ing within 100 portable lamps; Public lighting with solar • To give 750 m3 of drinkable water per day lamp-stand in remote areas (15 solar pumping sys- tems, which provide each around 50 m3 of water per day). This quantity of water By Alhousseini Issa Maiga, Research Engineer in may satisfy the water needs of 27.500 per-
40 Reports from Alumni
sons per day. Supporting and promoting the PV solar en- • To produce 226,71 Kwh per day (82,75 ergy projects are recommended Mwh annualy). By considering the hy- pothesis that a Malian use nowadays 300 Kwh/year, this production may satisfy the Transformation of Rural PV annual needs of 275.833 persons. market In Tanzania • To avoid the production of 3641 tons of CO2 per year if one watt-hour produced By Musa Mzumbe, Tanzania (PPRE 1999/2000), is considered to permit an emission re- duction of 44g of CO2; who is reporting about his ongoing UNDP/ GEF – Project in the following: According to the expectation that the PV module has a lifetime of 20 years, we ob- Our project is going on well and the follow- tain: ing are achievements we have recorded • Production of 1655 Mwh; since we started: • Emission reduction of 72820 tons of CO2. - The level of Awareness of PV in our project CONCLUSION: area has increased and sales of PV systems has doubled. Awareness campaigns are still The PV solar energy could be an extremely going on as presented the newsletter. We important input in order to: have installed 18 demonstration PV systems 1. Satisfy the energetic needs of the popula- at health centres and secondary schools in tion in rural areas; the region. We expect to install more next 2. Reduce the greenhouse gas emission; year. 3. Reduce the gap between town/country side related to energy; - Since July 2005, Duties and Taxes have been 4. Fight against poverty; waved on solar and wind energy equipment and accessories. Previously they added PV component prices by about 30%. The act of Establishment of Rural Energy Agency (REA) and Rural Energy Fund (REF) was passed by the parliament in April 2004. The agency is likely to start its operation early next year. We have finalised review of PV standards and Codes of practice with Tanzania Bureau of Standards. We are still waiting for ap- proval by East Africa technical committee towards the end of this year. The standards will be for East African countries.
- We are continuing building capacity of pri- vate sector in the area of our project. We have conducted a number of business plan- Maiga on site - visit ning sessions to the local PV dealers and
41 Reports from Alumni trained more than 64 local technicians in the project region. Vocational Educational Authority (VETA) approved incorporation PV curriculum in their electrical installa- tion courses for technicians. The course has started at one centre where it will be moni- tored and evaluated before it is adopted for the rest of the centres in the country. The project has provided all necessary equip- ment for practical sessions. VETA instructors have already attended training of trainers course. Installation of a PV demonstration system at a local school in Tanzania - Our effort now is directed to PV financing (both consumer and supplier financing). We consumer financing. This is the area where have identified PV applications for produc- we still have a lot to do and more challeng- tive uses and we will start demonstration ing. this month. We are in the process of mak- ing agreement by commercial bank to start This is what we have done since last year. I
Five Germans in an Audi Quattro arrive at the Italian border. The Italian Immigration agent stops them and tells them: „It‘sa illegala to putta 5 people in a Quattro.“ „Vot do you mean it‘z illegal?“ asks the German driver. „Quattro meansa four“ replies the Italian official.
„Qvattro is just ze name of ze automobile“, the Germans retort unbelievingly. „Look at ze papers: zis car is designt to kerry 5 persons.“
„You can‘ta pulla thata one on me!“, replies the Italian customs agent. „Quattro meansa four. You hava fivea people ina your car and you are thereforea breaking the law.“
The German driver replies angrily, „You idiot! Call your zupervisor over, schnell! I vant to speak to somevone viz more intelligence!“
„Sorry“, responds the Italian official, „ He can‘ta come. He‘sa busy with a 2 guys in a Fiat Uno. Sent by Bahy Saad, Egypt
42 Contributed articles
Managing Demand and Supply through Decentralized Electrification: The Case of Kenya - April 2005
By Bernard Osawa, Kenya (PPRE 96/97) - [email protected]
1.Background electrification levels are extremely low and 1.1.Decentralised Electrification unfortunately declining in Kenya. Current and MDGs overall level of access to electricity stands at a low 15.3% of all households predominant- In the quest to achieve the Millennium De- ly located in urban centers. Of these only velopment Goals (MDGs), access to quality an estimated 2% are situated in rural areas1. and improved energy services to all sectors Electrical energy consumption is relatively of the economy need not be overempha- low at about 121kWh per capita. sised. Access to energy supplies for busi- ness, water, health, education and house- At the current rate of electrification it is holds sectors in most developing countries unlikely that a significant proportion of (e.g. Kenya) has been limited by approaches population will access, and take up supply and resources available to electrification of electricity in the near future. This situa- and in particular rural electrification. tion is crucial considering the electrification levels have a direct correlation to the pov- Decentralised Electrification (DE) offers at- erty levels. tractive options that support national devel- opment and economic recovery through the In terms of power sector institutional or- provision of electricity to distributed sites ganization, there are four key players name- without the limitations of grid electrification. ly Kenya Electricity Generating Company Decentralised systems are modular, often (KenGen), Kenya Power and Lighting Com- well matched to the energy demand and can pany (KPLC), Independent power producers, be easily expanded to meet growing energy and Electricity regulatory Board (ERB). The demand. They can be used on stand-alone broad functional mandates of these institu- basis and tailored to meet local needs lead- tions include, inter alia, electricity genera- ing to better control and utilisation of local tion, power transmission and distribution resources by local communities, and gener- and retail and power industry regulation. ally to more transparent resource use. Such systems are therefore better suited to facili- tate the achievement of MDG objectives. 2.Electricity Demand
1.2.Electricity Sector in Kenya While the demand for electricity in Kenya is varied and widely distributed the total Like most sub-saharan countries, per capita national demand for electricity is currently energy and electricity consumption and un-quantified. Demand centres fall into
1Kenya is a rurally oriented society, with over 75% of the population living in rural areas, and approximately a third of the GNP being produced in the agricultural sector.
43 Contributed articles two main categories; on grid and off-grid ing demand in the short term. A total in- demand. The latter refers to institutions and stalled generation capacity of 1,225.4 MW households not connected to the grid using, dominated by hydropower at 55.6%, ther- but currently using Kerosene, dry cells and mal at 32% and geothermal at 10 % supplies lead acid batteries. electricity to the national grid. Because of affordability to technical issues, off-grid demand remains largely unmet. The gov- 2.1.On-grid demand ernment has for a long time focused on grid electrification, leaving off-grid elec- Consumption of electrical energy is domi- trification to individuals and the private nated by the industrial sector at 63%, fol- sector. Private sector entrepreneurs have lowed by domestic and small-scale indus- embraced this and have been servicing the trial at 33%, while Consumption by rural electricity demand of off-grid clients via dis- electrification customers comprises only tributed services which include small hydro, 4% of the total demand. Currently there are PV, wind and small thermal generator sets. an estimated 68,000 customers connected through the REP consuming an average Regarding grid electrification the govern- 140 GWh annually. Peak demand for grid ment uses the Least Cost Power Develop- electricity is in the order of 786MW, but is ment Plan (LCPDP) to prioritize the develop- believed to be suppressed by the prevailing ment of identified power resources based poor supply networks and economic condi- on appraisal of their viability, before power tions. Historical average demand growth projects are commissioned. Each develop- rate over the past 5 years in has been 1.4%. ment is evaluated on the basis of financial, technical, environmental and social merits. A major shortcoming of the LCPDP is its 2.2. Off-grid demand inability to take into consideration the de- velopment of isolated sites or load centres Demand outside the national grid and in that are best electrified using distributed some cases for locations proximate to the generation and that would utilise renew- grid (<1km) is currently supplied by various able energy resources especially wind and technologies including large decentralised small hydro. generators, small thermal generator sets, small hydro, photovoltaic, wind etc. Some Investments in the power sector have of the demand is however not supplied lagged behind growth in demand and lead- at all. It is believed that demand outside ing to stagnation in both economic and the national grid is actually larger than on- social sectors. To effectively supply the grid, but cannot be economically supplied current and growing demand for electric- through grid extension. ity, key areas that need to be addressed to increase access include: 3. Electricity Supply • Supply of reliable, efficient, clean and On-grid demand is currently well serviced cost-effective power with an estimated overcapacity of 200MW, • Efficient distribution through decentral- which is expected to be absorbed by grow- ised grids where possible and reductions
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in technical and non-technical losses in Unfortunately this noble idea was eventu- the wider national grid ally skewed towards grid electrification, • Increased access to electricity as a means with very little support going to distributed for stimulating income and employment generators and grids. This supply gap has growth; over time fuelled the proliferation of pub- lic and private DE initiatives. To date DE is These demands call for innovative distrib- still predominantly associated with off-grid uted electrification approaches as well as installations. the strengthening of supportive regulatory frameworks. 4.1.Distributed Thermal Genera- tors 4.Supplying Distributed De- mand In line with its development agenda, GoK set up seven (7) decentralised generator grids Interestingly the Kenyan government iden- in remote towns (also district headquarters) tified the need to electrify urban centres in across Kenya through the REP in the 1970s. rural areas as means to curtailing the rural These isolated grids are operated by KPLC to urban migration. For this reason the Rural and KenGen on behalf of the Ministry of Electrification Programme (REP) was initiat- Energy. Customers of these isolated grids ed in 1973 to expand access to electricity as pay a uniform tariff of €0.08 per kWh which a means to promote sustainable socio-eco- is similar to that paid by other customers nomic development of rural communities. on the national grid. These consumers are Recommended approaches were and still therefore subsidised by rate payers on the remain to accelerate the pace of rural elec- national grid from a “fuel levy”. Table 1 pro- trification through grid extension, isolated vided data on the decentralised stations. grids and off-grid projects, taking into ac- count economic cost effectiveness criteria, These DE schemes have been faced with se- and emphasizing productive use of power rious financial resource constraints, which for growth and employment creation. have greatly limited generation, capacity
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" # $ # #
Table 1: Stations, installed capacity, number of connected consumers and production costs
45 Contributed articles and network expansion at a pace consistent With the exception of the government with growth in demand. To redress this situ- initiated decentralised projects, there are ation, Government is seeking to privatise or scores of informal DE schemes in operation concession the isolated systems on the ba- across Kenya with varied problems and suc- sis of tariff price cap and a committed pro- cesses. A case study of one such project is gramme for network expansion. As part of presented below. the power sector undergoing liberalisation this is expected to improve the efficiency and quality of service.
Case study 1: Mpeketoni Community Decentralised Grid
Mpeketoni Electricity Project (MEP) is a decentralized community electricity genera- tion and distribution company founded in 1994 with support from GTZ. The scheme is privately owned by local households through a share purchase scheme and supplies power to households and businesses within Mpeketoni town.
MEP which began its operations in 1994 with a client base of 60 connections and a heavy subsidy from GTZ currently services some 250 connections. It is operated on a commercial basis by a management board using finances generated by sale of elec- tricity. The rapid change in diesel prices over time has led to the price of electricity escalating from €0.06 per kWh in 1994 to the current €0.23 per kWh. These prices while reflecting the full cost of generation and distribution contrast dramatically with other decentralized schemes operated by the government through the local utility KPLC which have tariffs fixed at the national rate of €0.08 per kWh.
In spite of a very high demand for electricity, scaling up of the generation capacity and extension of the distribution cannot be carried out effectively due to operational and financial constraints. Operations of the scheme are currently not sustainable despite the high tariffs charged. Given the favorable wind regime of its location, the scheme is currently being assessed by a private investor with a view to converting it to a wind- diesel hybrid. This is expected to reduce the cost of electricity production. Critical is- sues that will need to be addressed include ownership structure, technical design and operational plans.
While this case study highlights the per- through better systems management and tinent issues faced by distributed grids use of renewable based hybrids. outside the governments electrifica- tion ‘projects’, the costs of operating such schemes can be substantially reduced
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4.2.Renewable Energy Generation c. Cogeneration: Potential for cogeneration exists in sugar, sawmill and paper indus- Use of small hydro, solar photovoltaic and tries where steam is generated for proc- wind in DE has for a long time been limited ess requirements, and excess steam or to off-grid applications. Cogeneration from feedstock is available that can be used to bagasse has however been used on-grid, generate electricity cost effectively. Cur- but only to a small extent. Reducing and rently, a total capacity of 36.5MW is in- substituting the contribution of thermal stalled in the sugar industry all grid con- generator into the national grid is currently nected. Unexploited potential estimated a priority which expected result in better at 200 MW exist which could be used to and more stable tariffs to the consumers. electrify those areas/markets proximate to the factories or fed back into the grid. The following technologies are in various During the power crisis of 1999/2000 stages of utilisation in decentralised power some 2MW of surplus bagasse power was supply; injected into the grid. a. Geothermal: With an estimated potential d. Photovoltaic: Solar electric systems cur- of 2,000MW, only 150MW has so far been rently provide the most accessible, cost developed providing 10% of the total in- effective and largely affordable avenue stalled grid capacity. A further 420MW is for off-grid DE especially for households planned by 2019. Following power short- and small businesses. Driven by the pri- ages experienced in year 2000 as a result vate sector with limited government sup- of severe drought, emphasis has been port, more than 200,000 households and put on the development of geothermal institutions have installed an estimated as a prime source for grid connected gen- combined total of 3.8MW of PV for light- eration. Isolated grids are possible with ing and amenity power. smaller units but this is currently not be- ing pursued. e. Wind: Kenya has good wind regimes in specific locations. Wind is already be- b. Small Hydro: In addition to off-grid de- ing used at two decentralised generation centralised small hydro units put up by sites in grid-connect and isolated hybrid private individuals and institutions, in- mode. Several feasibility studies are un- stalled grid connected small-scale hydro- derway with at least two wind farms (grid electric projects contribute some 6.3 MW. connect and isolated hybrid grid) of 7-15 Mini and micro hydropower in Kenya MW planned for development within the were recognised as sources of localised next 3 years. energy systems in the early 1900s. Po- tential for Small hydro systems (<10MW) f. Waste-to-energy: Although still virgin, is estimated at 1,500 MW countrywide. this provides an excellent decentralised Their exploitability for grid power supply electricity generation opportunity espe- is restricted by the high projected inter- cially for cities where peaking power is connection. However they remain attrac- critical. Potential targets are sewerage tive for off-grid or decentralised rural treatment plants and urban solid waste. electrification. Potential capacities are un-quantified.
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While efforts promote and entrench the uti- • Short timescale for DE project develop- lisation of DE technologies outlined above ment when compared to grid extension. are not currently well coordinated, they are nonetheless beginning to make an impact Key barriers to the development of DE in- and are defining approaches for the imple- clude; mentation of decentralised electricity. An integrated strategy for the development of • Lack of awareness of the multiple ben- DE need to be developed for it to succeed efits of DE. and make an impact in increasing access to • Policy and Regulations for the electricity electricity and energy services to a wider sector are oriented around centralised section of the populace. grid connected generation. • Relatively low price of electricity at the 5.Discussion current time driven by old large hydro plants. These prices are lower than those 5.1.Drivers and Barriers being proposed by RE generator (wind, cogen, PV, small hydro etc) and are there- Until recently, DE was predominantly asso- fore a disincentive to DE project develop- ciated with isolated sites and off-grid instal- ers lations. However, the market is evolving and DE is starting to make an impact in on-grid Long-term prospects for cogeneration and applications. Key drivers include; renewable DE in Kenya are good. However, limitations to potential growth will remain • Liberalization of the electricity sector due to the relatively low marginal cost of allowing more players and different ap- currently installed power generation and proaches to electrification the built-in barriers in existing policy and • Demand for reduce reliance on imported legislation. Power market ownership is fuels. This coincides with current world- highly concentrated representing addition- wide shift to address climate change al entry barriers for new technologies. through cleaner electricity and large po- tential for CDM projects. As outlined in 6.Recommendations section 4.2, renewable energy in the form of cogeneration, wind, small hydro and The following key interventions to promote PV is beginning to cut out a niche in the DE for increased access to electricity and future energy matrix. widespread electrification are recommend- • The transmission and distribution system ed; requires significant investment especially for remote sites. DE offers an attractive a. Streamline current institutional arrange- alternative. ments for implementation of the Rural • With increased oil prices, the price of Electrification Programme (REP) through electricity is expected to rise, use of re- the creation of a special purpose agency newables are therefore expected to bring to manage the REP, including formulation down or moderate electricity price in- of a Master Plan which will explore the creases in the long term making decen- development of decentralised renewable tralised schemes more sustainable. energy and limited thermal generation
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presenting the least-cost electrification example emissions trading, energy taxa- options for target areas. tion and output-based standards, which b. Provide concessions and incentives to fully reflect energy conversion efficien- private sector investors for decentralised cies and internalise environmental costs generation while encouraging partner- of energy conversion DE resources which ships with local communities where pos- experience high entry barriers. sible. Under this policy intervention, such communities and the private sector will With concerted efforts, increased access be allowed to charge a tariff reflecting to electricity and modern energy services the operating costs and a return on in- all sectors should energise income genera- vestments. tion, employment growth and facilitate the c. Establish conducive regulatory frame- achievement of MDG objectives. work including cost reflective tariff struc- tures and ring-fencing funds for financ- ing distributed electrification of the poor References through small power utilities targeting areas remote from the national grid. 1. Kenya Energy Sector Development Strate- d. All generators of electricity should have gy, Draft Report Ministry of Energy, 2003 fair and non-discriminatory access to the grid. Use of transmission and distribution 2. World Survey of Decentralized Energy networks should be priced according to 2004, WADE the services they provide and not in such a way as to incentivise distribution com- 3. KPLC Annual Report 2004 panies to avoid decentralised electricity interconnection; 4. Mbuthi P, Geothermal Energy in Kenya, e. Exploit market based instruments, for Ministry of Energy, Nairobi, 2004
the other way. When electrons are under Re-invention of solar PV physics: the sun they absorb energy, becoming ex- cited, and begin to move in all directions. The Solar panels Because they are in the silicon, they get stopped in one direction, but manage to This is the part that catches the sunshine move freely in the other direction. Once and converts it to electricity. This is a they are moving, all in the same direction, simple process. DC Electricity, is only a we have electricity. stream of electrons, moving along a wire or conductor. To make electrons move in Send by Boon Jin Tek from Malaysia, who one direction, the Solar panel is coated found this description at a solar energy com- with silicon. Silicon allows electrons to pany in Malaysia which is promoting the travel through it, in only one direction use of small solar PV applications for street and will not allow electrons to go back lights and the likes.
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THE MARSABIT WIND-DIESEL ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEM By JAMES C. WAFULA Kenya (PRE 92/93)
ABSTRACT The extraction of energy from the wind for conversion into electrical energy is a relatively new technology in Kenya. The Wind-Diesel electricity generation system in Marsabit town is the fi rst of its kind in Kenya. Installed in 1988, this 200 kW Wind Turbine generator has been supplying electricity to the residents of Marsabit town in combination with a 200 kW Caterpillar diesel generator and three 110 kW Cummins generators. The success of this project is such that an average of 60% of the daily electrical energy demand is supplied by the wind.
1. Introduction.
In September 1988 an Autonomous Wind Die- sel System, AWDS, was installed in the town of Marsabit. The objective of this Belgian project was to save fuel and to expand the electricity supply of the town. This was to be done by the additional installation of a 200 kW Wind Turbine in combination with a 200 Picture1: Typical scene in the dusty streets of Marsabit town, Pic kW diesel generator. by James W.
The town of Marsabit is remotely located combined with the unavailability of the fuel making it much cheaper to generate elec- during rainy seasons when the roads are tricity locally rather than connecting it to made impassable. the national grid. Prior to the installation of the AWDS in Marsabit, the town‘s electricity In September 1987 HMZ Belgium n.v. (now was supplied by three 110 KW Cummins die- known as TURBOWINDS1) started the de- sel generators. These three engines could sign of the AWDS. From January 1988 up not meet the increasing demand of the to August 1988 the complete system was town. Because Marsabit town is located in tested at the wind farm in Zeebrugge, Bel- the middle of the desert, fuel expenses are gium. During the tests all kinds of extreme relatively high due to transportation costs situations had to be simulated.
1 In 1995, Turbowinds bought WindMaster Belgium‘s know-how in wind energy and took on all the engineers and technicians involved in the design, project management, manufacturing, operations and maintenance of Wind Turbines and central supervi- sory control systems around the globe (REF 5).
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The construction of the AWDS started in The Wind Turbine always runs when there September 1988. This construction included is enough wind. Additionally, when the the installation of overhead lines, the erec- electric power demand is high and the tion of the Wind Turbine, the installation of wind is low, 1 or more diesel engines can be the diesel generator and the interconnec- brought on line. tion of the three components. To start, the Wind Turbine will automati- In October 1988 the complete system was cally start its own diesel engine to ensure started and officially inaugurated by the enough current is available to magnetise Belgian government and local officials. the Wind Turbine generator (field current). Immediately thereafter, the diesel engine is put off. During periods of low loads, the 2. System design. Wind Turbine works in parallel with one of the 110 kW Cummins engines. Hence the Wind Turbine only uses its sister diesel en- The following criteria had to be met. gine as a standby start-up engine. In this manner, loads of up to 300 kW can be serv- · rated voltage 420/240 V ± 5% iced. As soon as the load goes over this fig- · rated frequency 50 Hz ± 4% ure, more engines are brought on line. As a · able to handle sudden load changes. consequence, the diesel engines wear and · type of loads include: lighting (tubes and tear is reduced to a minimum. This start and bulbs), radio and TV sets, electrical tools, stop procedure happens only a few times a refrigerators, air conditioners, welding week. apparatus. As the wind power may exceed the load The AWDS has to service the necessary power, the Wind Turbine can pitch its blades power demand even when there is no wind. until the output meets the demand. This is Therefore the size of its sister diesel engine done by means of a software algorithm in had to be the same as that of Wind Turbine. conjunction with the blade mechanism of The system therefore consists of a 200 kW the Wind Turbine. The software algorithm Wind Turbine and a 200 kW diesel engine. controls the frequency, rpm‘s and power output at the same time makes sure that the power output is such that the frequency stays within the 4 % limit. This applies also in very high winds and low load situations. Such a sys- tem therefore eliminates the use of a dump load which may be very expen- sive and fragile.
3. Testing.
Diagram reproduced from REF 5 The tests performed on this system included all kinds of different situa-
51 Contributed articles tions. These tests also included situations parts of Kenya receive the harshest of the which could ordinarily never happen in re- weather. Sparse rains and hot sun makes ality. Most of these tests were performed in this a semi-arid area. extremely high winds with no loads. Even in these tests, the frequency could always be kept between 51.5 Hz and 49.5 Hz. Follow- ing is a summary of the tests performed.
· Starting Wind Turbine when diesel en- gine is fully loaded. This means that the diesel engine must supply enough en- ergy to the Wind Turbine for starting up even when it already is fully loaded. · Starting Wind Turbine when diesel engine has no load. This means that the diesel en- gine must suddenly supply enough energy to the Wind Turbine for starting up. · Running Wind Turbine together with the diesel engine with no load. · Running Wind Turbine together with die- sel engine on maximum load. · Running Wind Turbine together with die- Marsabit sel engine and stepping up/down the load in steps of 100 kW. The highlands of Marsabit however stand · Running Wind Turbine together with die- out as an unusually green island in a sea of sel engine and stepping up/down the desert vegetation. The wind regimes experi- load in steps of 10 kW. enced here are markedly different to those in the plains. The average annual wind speeds All of the above tests were performed in 3 near the town of Marsabit measured by an different combinations. anemometer beside the Wind Turbine at a height of 10m are as given in the Table 1. 1. A 200 kW Wind Turbine together with a 200 kW diesel engine. Minimum 3 m/s 2. A 200 kW Wind Turbine with a 100 kW die- sel engine. Mean 11 m/s 3. A 200 kW Wind Turbine with a 300 kW die- sel engine. Maximum 23 m/s 4. Winds in Marsabit. Average annual wind speeds.[source REF 1 ]
Marsabit is located at latitude 2.4° N and The diurnal wind variations are also very longitude 38° E. It is situated on a hilly re- impressive, providing a high potential gion of 20-40 km diameter at an altitude of for extraction of wind energy. These are 1000-1500m. This region is surrounded by a shown in Table 2. plain of 500-1000m. The north and eastern
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Time (Hrs) Wind Conditions The diesel generators used, the Caterpillar and the three Cummins, are standard `off 0000 - 0600 Very High - the- shelf´ generators with the following characteristics. 0600 - 1200 Moderate but Gusty
1200 - 1800 Low and Calm
1800 - 2400 Normal (about 11 m/s)
Table 2: Summary of typical diurnal wind variation.[source REF 1]
This wind regime can probably be explained by the fact that during the daytime (from about nine or ten in the morning to sunset), a wind blows up the valleys as the ground gets heated by the sun, the strength of the wind decreasing through the day as the high ground reaches similar temperatures to those of the low ground. During the night, an air current moves downwards out of the val- leys, lasting until morning. The night breeze is more marked than the day breeze.
5. Power demand in Marsabit. Picture 2: The Marsabit Wind Turbine with The town of Marsabit has recorded a KPLC van in the foreground. maximum daily power demand of 494 kW Caterpillar. achieved during the year 1993. In 1994, a Rating 320 kVA maximum daily power demand of 450 kW 256 kW was recorded [REF 4]. Power consumption 50 Hz. is mostly due to domestic and public light- Generator data 3 phase ac ing and some light industry. 10 wire WYE - series connection 6. System description. 400 V ; 462 Amps Excitation, 35 Volts, 7.1 Amps 1500 rpm As stated earlier, the system consisted of a max. temp. rise 105° C. 200 kW asynchronous Wind Turbine genera- Cummins. tor, coupled to a 200 kW Caterpillar diesel Rating 150 kVA generator. Three Cummins diesel genera- 50 Hz Generator data tors are brought on line as required should 3 phase ac the Wind Turbine and the Caterpillar fail to 415 / 240 V ; 208.5 Amps meet the demand. 1500 rpm p.f. 0.8
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7. Installation performance. 7.1 The Pitch Blade Control System. Wind energy is unpredictable in nature and has subsequently variable power output. The operation logic of the pitch blade To overcome this problem, the WindMaster mechanism is as follows [REF 3 ]; (Turbowinds) has a hydraulic pitch and yaw control system that allows the Wind Turbine 1. High power demand situations - The Wind speed to be varied thus allowing for opti- Turbine electric generator optimises its mum (or sufficient) energy capture. This is output and the diesel generators provide achieved using a fast processing P-PID soft- the additional power demanded by the ware algorithm that controls frequency (ap- grid. prox. 50 Hz), generator rotations (rpm) and 2. Low power demand, high wind situations power. The control system tightly couples - The Wind Turbine generator in this case the blade pitch of the turbine to the antici- can produce more power than is demand- pated load on the local grid, ensuring that ed by the grid. In this situation, the Wind most of the demand is met by wind power. Turbine will pitch its blades until its out- put matches the demand on the grid. The wind electric generator (via the installed software) observes the frequency on the grid and accordingly adjusts its power output. 3. Low power demand, increasing wind situ- ations - The Caterpillar engine provides sufficient current to meet the magnetisa- tion current of the Wind Turbine genera- tor. Once the wind electric generator is connected to the grid, the diesel engine is stopped allowing the wind turbine to operate in parallel with the smallest ap- propriate diesel generator on the grid. The frequency regulation will automati- cally adjust the power output of the con- nected wind electric generator and diesel engines each time the wind electric gen- erator connects to or disconnects from the grid.
Using this control system, the Marsabit sys- tem has been able to achieve high wind penetrations and as low as 3% frequency Picture 3:The elctronic control circuitry fluctuations. There have been reports of up located in the base of the tower. (Pic. by to 80% wind penetrations on particularly James W) windy days.[REF 1]
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8. Economic aspects. REFERENCES
Reports indicate that fuel savings in Marsa- 1. Personal communication with Mr. Swaleh bit town are to the tune of 18,000 litres per S. Imu, Generation Manager, Kenya Power month [REF 2]. and Lighting Company.
Even more could be saved when more de- 2. WindMaster (Turbowinds) paper mand would be needed during the day. The Paper availed after personal communica- demand met by the Wind Turbine at the tion with Mr. Mohammed, Manager Mar- time of writing this demand was 100 kW sabit KPLC depot. with the Wind Turbine able to produce 150 kW due to the good winds. This means that 3. WindMaster (Turbowinds) brochures. even more fuel would be saved in the future because of the growing demand. 4. Personal communication with Mr. Mo- hammed, Manager Marsabit KPLC depot.
5. http://www.turbowinds.com
Picture 4: Fuel storage tanks for the diesel engines.(Picture by James. W)
The production of the Wind Turbine is 460,000 kwh/year [REF. 2] Assuming the cost of producing 1 kwh of electricity with a diesel engine to be a modest figure of 10 kSh, the fuel savings amount to:
460,000 kWh x 10 kSh/kWh ≈ 4,600,000 kSh
The investment costs involved in installing the AWDS were of the order of 470,000 US$,
55 Websites of interest
Link comment Who sent
http://www.green-x.at/ …a very interesting programme G. Nacci
http://gec.jp/gec/gec.nsf/en/Pub- lications-Reports_and_Related_ CDM Methodologies Guidebook E. Yandri Books-CDM_Meth_Guidebook http://gec.jp/gec/gec.nsf/en/Pub- CDM Manual for project developers and policy lications-Reports_and_Related_ E. Yandri makers Books-CDM-Manual-2004 Also, for those really interested in solar energy, www.solarbuzz.com A. Peel you can subscribe to a newsletter at
http://www.solarbuzz.com/solarin- Here, you can look up a listing of companies A. Peel dex/expo.htm based on country and type. http://www.windpower.org/en/tour/ Here is a very good website about wind energy B. Guillot wres/index.htm
http://www.greenjobs.com/Public/ … they have a mailing list with job postings A. Antonopoulos job_detail.aspx?jobid=167
http://www.erneuerbare-energien. the last (English!) version of the German „act on S. Randig de/inhalt/6465/5982/ granting priority on renewable energies“
www.ren21.net/globalstatusreport/ overview of the status of Renewable Energy Edu RE2005_Global_Status_Report.pdf worldwide in 2005 simplified but comprehensive description of http://www.hydrogencommerce. Fuel Cells. There are other useful links on the com/FCHandbook/TechOver1-1FC- W. Jagwe same page about the different types of fuel Desc.htm cells-pros and cons http://members.tripod.com/ ~cturare/bio.htm very useful websites on biogasification W. Jagwe http://www.btgworld.com/technolo- gies/gasifi cation.html ….there are lists of projects and 3000 members from all over the world doing RE stuff, funding http://www.reeep.org/ A. Antonopoulos opportunities, etc. The amount of info is pretty staggering.
http://www.reegle.info/ this is like a google for renewable Energy P. Chaves
http://www.pvresources.com/en/ PV Sizing / simulation software - Overview K. Blum software.php The Regulator’s Handbook on Renewable En- http://www.resource-solutions. ergy Programs & Tariffs is a reference guide for A. Antonopoulos org/policy/Tariff Handbook/ regulators involved in the design of renewable energy programs .. the „sustainable energy finance initiative“, with http://www.sefi .unep.org/ A. Antonopoulos their directory of financiers for projects:
56 List of former participants
Course Name1 Name2 Tit. Origin e-mail 1987-88 Bekdach Hussein Dr. Lebanon 1987-88 Demel Lothar Mr. Germany [email protected] 1987-88 Dibor Alfred Mr. Nigeria 1987-88 Fischer Eric Mr. Brasil [email protected] 1987-88 Heilscher Gerd Mr. Germany [email protected] 1987-88 Zarate Carlos Mr. Peru [email protected] 1988-89 Hamad Bakri Dr. Sudan 1988-89 Kimaro Ainea Mr. Tanzania [email protected] 1988-89 Holtorf Hans G. Mr. Germany [email protected] 1988-89 Morares-Duzat Rejane Dr. Brasil [email protected] 1988-89 Nontaso Ngarmnit Ms. Thailand 1988-89 Lu Bai Ms. China 1988-89 Jia Xi-Nan Dr. China [email protected] 1988-89 Maiga Alhousseini Issa Mr. Mali [email protected] 1988-89 Oludhe Christopher Dr. Kenya [email protected] 1988-89 Pietscher Jochen Mr. Germany [email protected] 1988-89 Rakha Hassan Dr. Egypt [email protected] 1988-89 Camillo Roger R. Mr. Nicaragua [email protected] Muthya Prane- 1988-89 Ramesh Mr. India [email protected] shrao 1988-89 Toro Cortes Francisco Mr. Chile [email protected] 1988-89 Rivasplata Cesar Mr. Peru [email protected] 1989-90 Gao Ying Dr. China 1989-90 Jahn Ulrike Ms. Germany [email protected] 1989-90 Kimani John Muiruri Mr. Kenya [email protected] 1989-90 Han Wei Dr. China 1989-90 Miranda Murillo Alexis Mr. Honduras [email protected] 1989-90 Misra Anil K. Mr. India [email protected] 1989-90 Mukherjee Partha Sarathi Mr. India [email protected] 1989-90 Reynaldo Reynaldo Mr. Philippines [email protected] 1989-90 Schwarz Thomas Mr. Germany [email protected] 1989-90 Tarh Zaccheus T. Mr. Cameroon 1989-90 Thi Hong Hai Nguyen Ms. Vietnam [email protected] 1989-90 Park Myong-Sik Mr. Korea 1990-91 Barroga Maria L. Ms. Philippines 1990-91 Hassan Gimba Mr. Nigeria 1990-91 Usbeck Stefanie Ms. Germany [email protected] 1990-91 Ennison Isaac Mr. Ghana 1990-91 Pandey Krishna C. Dr. India [email protected] 1990-91 Adam El Fadil Dr. Sudan [email protected] 1990-91 Kioko Joel M. Mr. Kenya [email protected] 1990-91 Knagge Edu Mr. Germany [email protected] 1990-91 Mishra Christanand Dr. India
57 List of former participants
1990-91 Okae Charles Mr. Ghana [email protected] 1990-91 Osman Abdalla Mr. Sudan 1990-91 Peiris Wettasingha Mr. Sri Lanka 1990-91 Lemus T. Hernando Mr. Bolivia 1990-91 Xie Enhai Mr. China 1991-92 Abel Bettina Ms. Germany [email protected] 1991-92 Ally Noel Mr. Guyana [email protected] 1991-92 Gyi Aung Mr. Myanmar 1991-92 Hakiem Mahmoud El Mr. Sudan 1991-92 Ingwe Anna Naftal Ms. Tanzania [email protected] 1991-92 Kaur Jagjit Ms. India 1991-92 Mansaray Kelleh G. Dr. Sierra Leone [email protected] 1991-92 Xiang-jun Ming Mr. China [email protected] 1991-92 Mugisha Patrick Mr. Uganda [email protected] 1991-92 Santoso Murtiyanto Mr. Indonesia [email protected] 1991-92 Tegeler Ludger Mr. Germany mailto:[email protected] 1991-92 Nabutola W. Musungu Mr. Kenya [email protected] 1992-93 Al Kailani Fayez Jamil Mr. Jordan 1992-93 Budiono Chayun Mr. Indonesia [email protected] 1992-93 Hamid Mohamed Ali Mr. Sudan [email protected] 1992-93 Kariyawasam Palitha L.G. Mr. Sri Lanka [email protected] 1992-93 Kassenga Gabriel Dr. Tanzania [email protected] 1992-93 Lonis Abdu Bertha Ms. Nigeria [email protected] Magno Desen- 1992-93 Evelyn Ms. Philippines [email protected] dario 1992-93 Shresta Kedar Shanker Dr. Nepal [email protected] mail2udayan_in_india@rediffmail. 1992-93 Pandya Udayan Mr. India com Kawther A.. Mo- 1992-93 El Asaad Ms. Sudan [email protected] hamed 1992-93 Mutwaly Safaá Ms. Sudan 1992-93 Wang Jing Jing Ms. China [email protected] 1992-93 Wafula James C. Mr. Kenya [email protected] 1992-93 Blaas Markus Mr. Germany [email protected] 1992-93 Georg Rolf Mr. Germany [email protected] 1993-94 El-Ghany Ahmed Fathy Dr. Egypt [email protected] 1993-94 Tubail As‘ad Dr. Palestine [email protected] 1993-94 Tommy Henry J.M Dr. Sierra Leone [email protected] 1993-94 Nahui-Ortiz Johnny Dr. Peru [email protected] 1993-94 Leon Mathias Augustus Mr. India [email protected] 1993-94 Rommel Mathias Mr. Germany [email protected] 1993-94 Mergia Mesfin Mr. Ethiopia [email protected] 1993-94 Gadah Eldam Nagwa Ms. Sudan [email protected] 1993-94 Siefert Oliver Mr. Germany [email protected]
58 List of former participants
Andriamahe- 1993-94 Olivier Donat Mr. Madagascar [email protected] faparany Rodrigues dos 1993-94 Rosana Dr. Brasil [email protected] Santos 1993-94 Hurmuzan Kanam Senda Mr. Indonesia [email protected] 1994-95 Lingbo († 2/’96) Cui Mr. China † 1994-95 Yanzhao Dong Mr. China 1994-95 Teka Melis Mr. Ethiopia [email protected] samson.gtz-sun.energy@telecom. 1994-95 Tolessa Samson Mr. Ethiopia net.et 1994-95 Primo Gayle Ms. Guyana [email protected] 1994-95 Myint Mu Yar Ms. Myanmar 1994-95 Gautam Satish Mr. Nepal [email protected] 1994-95 Sellahewa Raveendra A. Mr. Sri Lanka [email protected] 1994-95 Ntoga Julius Mr. Tanzania [email protected] 1994-95 Gassir Farouk M´med Ibrahim Mr. Sudan 1994-95 Ghebrehiwot Debesai Mr. Eritrea [email protected] 1994-95 Mesfin Yohannes Mr. Eritrea 1994-95 Ksoll Michael Dr. Germany [email protected] 1994-95 Kuntze Björn Mr. Germany [email protected] 1995-96 Negash Bereket Mr. Eritrea [email protected] 1995-96 Fraser Orville Mr. Guyana [email protected] Dr.- 1995-96 Rosyid Oo Abdul Indonesia [email protected] Ing. 1995-96 Basnet Diwaker Mr. Nepal [email protected] 1995-96 Ahmed Maqbool Mr. Pakistan [email protected] 1995-96 Magpoc Godofredo Jr. Mr. Philippines [email protected] 1995-96 Maltsev Alexandre Mr. Russia 1995-96 Lin Yeong-Chuan Mr. Taiwan [email protected] 1995-96 Kingu Elizabeth A. Ms. Tanzania [email protected] 1995-96 Endale Geda Genene Mr. Ethiopia 1995-96 Baba Abdallah Mr. Tunesia [email protected] 1995-96 Fuentes Enrique Mr. Chile [email protected] 1995-96 Steinmeier Ernstjoachim Mr. Mexico 1995-96 Nikolic Milorad Mr. Germany [email protected] 1995-96 Woelk Karsten Mr. Germany [email protected] 1996-97 Kamberi Mirela Ms. Albania [email protected] 1996-97 Orlando Perez Mr. Bolivia [email protected] 1996-97 Celestine Anyam Awa Mr. Cameroon [email protected] 1996-97 Ye Zhao Hui Ms. China [email protected] hiwote.gtz-sun.energy@telecom. 1996-97 Teshome G/Tsadik Hiwote Ms. Ethiopia net.et 1996-97 Yimer Woldetekle Nebiyu Mr. Ethiopia [email protected] 1996-97 Gbagbo Joseph Kofi Nani Mr. Ghana 1996-97 Hegde Gajanana Krishna Mr. India [email protected]
59 List of former participants
1996-97 Osawa Bernard Mr. Kenya [email protected] 1996-97 Ballesteros Perez Miguel [email protected] 1996-97 Projestus († 02) Rwiza Mr. Tanzania † 1996-97 Morris Richard Mr. Australia [email protected] 1996-97 Sancho Sebastian Mr. Costa Rica [email protected] 1996-97 Dalexis († 2/99) Walmé Mr. Haiti † 1996-97 Belz Matthias Mr. Germany [email protected] 1996-97 Schröter Wolfram Mr. Germany [email protected] 1997-98 Vásquez Cavieres Ruben Eduardo Mr. Chile [email protected] 1997-98 Chen Rong Mr. China [email protected] 1997-98 Zhang Yin Dr. China [email protected] 1997-98 Castillo Arguello Guillermo Eduardo Mr. El Salvador Abdulkadir 1997-98 Bekala Ms. Ethiopia [email protected] Ibrahim 1997-98 Ahiataku Togobo Wisdom Mr. Ghana [email protected] 1997-98 Parthan Binu Mr. India [email protected] 1997-98 Odeh Ibrahim Dr. Jordan [email protected] 1997-98 Sichali Francis Mr. Malawi [email protected] 1997-98 Petrucci Fernando Mr. Argentinien [email protected] 1997-98 Schröder Christoph Mr. Germany [email protected] 1997-98 Jackson Thomas Mr. USA [email protected] 1997-98 Delamo Duch Alex Mr. Spain [email protected] endres@energieagentur-ober- 1997-98 Endres Manuela Ms. Germany franken.de [email protected]. 1997-98 Vanginé Wooslène Ms. Haiti com 1997-98 Lustig Konrad Mr. Germany [email protected] 1997-98 Gomez Vilar Ramon Mr. Spain [email protected] 1998-99 Masum Syed E. H. Mr. Bangladesch [email protected] 1998-99 Liu Hui Ms. China, VR [email protected] 1998-99 Yang Na Ms. China, VR [email protected] 1998-99 Urena Vargas Wesly Mr. Costa Rica [email protected] 1998-99 Kekelia Bidzina Mr. Georgien [email protected] 1998-99 Patil S. Ashok Mr. India [email protected] 1998-99 Tiako Ngalani Christophe Mr. Cameroon [email protected] 1998-99 Jaoko H. Wilson Mr. Kenya [email protected] Chima († died in 1998-99 Timothy Freeman Mr. Malawi † 7/2004) Sultanate of 1998-99 Al--Alawi Ali Salim Dr. [email protected] Oman 1998-99 Chirvase Dana Dr. Rumänien [email protected] 1998-99 Dlamini Sibusiso Ndumiso Mr. Swaziland [email protected] 1998-99 Jamiyansharav Khishigbayar Ms. Mongolia [email protected] 1998-99 Lam Johannes (Jan) Mr. Netherlands [email protected] 1998-99 Straub Christoph Mr. Germany 1998-99 Oehrens Juan Sebastian Mr. Chile [email protected]
60 List of former participants
1999-00 Tadesse Alemu Mr. Ethiopia [email protected] 1999-00 Khan Md Mesbah Mr. Bangladesch [email protected] 1999-00 Hoque Mozammel Mr. Bangladesch 1999-00 Ambe Roseline Ms. Cameroon [email protected] 1999-00 Wang Di Mr. China, VR [email protected] 1999-00 Paredes Rodriguez Mr. Colombia [email protected] 1999-00 Subbarao Sham Mr. India [email protected] 1999-00 Al-Nawaiseh Bassil Mr. Jordanien 1999-00 Gamula Gregory Mr. Malawi [email protected] 1999-00 Dahal Yubaraj Mr. Nepal [email protected] 1999-00 Musa Mzumbe Mr. Tanzania [email protected] 1999-00 Sendegeya Al-Mas Mr. Uganda [email protected] 1999-00 Ziesmer Andrea Ms. Germany [email protected] 1999-00 Ulziisuren Enhbold Mr. Mongolia [email protected] 1999-00 Gläser Bernhard Mr. Germany [email protected] 1999-00 Kuyvenhoven Simon Mr. Holland [email protected] 2000-01 Islam Mazharul Mr. Bangladesh [email protected] 2000-01 Fuh Veronica Manka’s Ms. Cameroon [email protected] 2000-01 Mu Yundong Mr. China [email protected] 2000-01 P.V. Aravind Mr. India [email protected] 2000-01 Srikanth Subbarao Mr. India [email protected] 2000-01 Gil Guerrero Alger Mr. Mexico [email protected] 2000-01 Ghimire Ram Prasad Mr. Nepal [email protected] 2000-01 Anahua Quispe Edgar Narciso Mr. Peru [email protected] 2000-01 Magessa Finias Bryceson Mr. Tanzania [email protected] 2000-01 Nguyen Quoc Khanh Dr. Vietnam [email protected] 2000-01 Islam MD. Saiful Mr. Bangladesh [email protected] 2000-01 Tang Hui Mr. China [email protected] 2000-01 Risse Oliver Mr. Germany [email protected] 2000-01 Abbas Mushahid Mr. Pakistan Tardón Ruiz de [email protected]. 2000-01 Saioa Ms. Spain Gauna de 2000-01 Nino Raul Mr. Venezuela [email protected] 2000-01 von Hauff Elizabeth Leoni Ms. Canada [email protected] 2001-02 Mohtad Ibrahim (Shafi) Mr. Bangladesh [email protected] 2001-02 Belle Vivian Mrs. Cameroon [email protected] 2001-02 Nanji Henry Nota Mr. Cameroon [email protected] 2001-02 Sanchez Mino Santiago Jorge Mr. Ecuador [email protected] 2001-02 Shukla Anand Mr. India [email protected] 2001-02 Gadde Butchaiah Mr. India [email protected] 2001-02 Heang Bora Mr. Cambodia [email protected] 2001-02 Ochieng Xavier Mr. Kenya [email protected] 2001-02 Dhital Ram Prasad Mr. Nepal [email protected] 2001-02 Poudel Om Prasad Mr. Nepal [email protected]
61 List of former participants
2001-02 Mazimpaka Ernest Mr. Rwanda [email protected] 2001-02 Abd El Messih Bahy Saad Abdalla Mr. Egypt [email protected] 2001-02 Umana Alejandro Mr. Colombia [email protected] 2001-02 Pilalas Loukas Mr. Greece [email protected] panagiotis_triantafyllos@hotmail. 2001-02 Triantafyllos Panagiotis Mr. Greece com 2001-02 Manssen Thomas Mr. Germany [email protected] 2001-02 Winterfeldt Jörg Mr. Germany [email protected] Avellaneda de la 2001-02 Jordi Mr. Spain [email protected] Calle 2001-02 Shah Sayed Faruque Mr. Bangladesh [email protected] 2001-02 Komilov Asliddin Mr. Usbekistan [email protected] 2002-03 Asaah Alice Ghopai Ms. Camerroon [email protected] 2002-03 Saha Jhantu Kumar Mr. Bangladesh [email protected] 2002-03 Tafesse Anteneh Guliltat Mr. Ethiopia [email protected] 2002-03 Vega Fernando Alberto Mr. Honduras [email protected] 2002-03 Irasari Pudji Ms. Indonesia [email protected] 2002-03 Lee Joo Yeol Mr. Korea [email protected] 2002-03 Kumar Khadka Manoj Mr. Nepal [email protected] 2002-03 Mishra Subhash Kumar Mr. Nepal [email protected] 2002-03 Shao Jie Ms. China [email protected] [email protected]. 2002-03 Trujillo Quintero Juan José Mr. Colombia de 2002-03 Peter Marco Mr. Germany [email protected] 2002-03 Nacci Gianpiero Mr. Italy [email protected] 2002-03 Choudhry Ihtsham Farooq Mr. Pakistan [email protected] 2002-03 Bango Cascon Alejandro Mr. Spain [email protected] 2002-03 Galsan Sevjidsuren Ms. Mongolia [email protected] 2003-04 Veneranda Mola Nicolás Enrique Mr. Argentina [email protected] 2003-04 Ahmed Firoz Uddin Mr. Bangladesh [email protected] 2003-04 Aman Julia Ms. Bangladesh [email protected] 2003-04 Ferdinand Ajamah Mr. Cameroon [email protected] 2003-04 Sanchez Contreras Julio Rene Mr. Colombia [email protected] 2003-04 Mitra Indradip Mr. India [email protected] 2003-04 Lawless Richard Mr. Ireland [email protected] 2003-04 Han Seong-sook Ms. Korea [email protected] 2003-04 Trinh Viet Hieu Ms. Vietnam [email protected] 2003-04 Sarran Mathieu Mr. France [email protected] [email protected] / 2003-04 Bröer Torsten Mr. Germany [email protected] [email protected] / 2003-04 Michel Andreas Mr. Germany [email protected] [email protected] / 2003-04 Bandlamudi George-C. Mr. India [email protected] 2003-04 Joppich Farida Damirovna Ms. Kyrgyzstan [email protected] 2003-04 Dosmailov Meirzhan A. Mr. Kazakhstan [email protected] / [email protected]
62 List of former participants
2003-04 Possamai Everson Mr. Brazil [email protected] 2003-04 Palle Badalge Iresha Somarathna Mr. Sri Lanka [email protected] [email protected] 2003-04 Bajracharya Prashun Ratna Mr. Nepal [email protected] 2003-04 Yandri Erkata Mr. Indonesia [email protected] 2004-06 Chowdhury Md. Shahriar A. Mr. Bangladesh [email protected] 2004-06 Zobayer A.N.M. Mr. Bangladesh [email protected] 2004-06 Pena Diaz Alfredo Mr. Colombia [email protected] 2004-06 Toropov Maksim Mr. Kyrgyzstan [email protected] 2004-06 Sapkota Prakash Mr. Nepal [email protected] 2004-06 Aderinto Suraju Mr. Nigeria [email protected] 2004-06 Henriquez Prevoo Christian Mr. Peru [email protected] 2004-06 Limsoontorn Tubtim Ms. Thailand [email protected] [email protected] / 2004-06 Ochieng David Otieno Mr. Kenya [email protected] [email protected] / Naveed. 2004-06 Akhtar Naveed Mr. Pakistan [email protected] 2004-06 Brudler Evelyn Ms. Germany [email protected] 2004-06 Hermann Sebastian Mr. Germany [email protected] 2004-06 Tek Boon Jin Mr. Malaysia [email protected] 2004-06 Moreno M. Juan Carlos Mr. Venezuela [email protected] 2005-07 Khan Ahmed Jahir Mr. Bangladesh [email protected] [email protected] / 2005-07 Boruah Dwipen Mr. Indien [email protected] 2005-07 Maharjan Bhai Raja Mr. Nepal [email protected] Vera Tudela Car- Luis Enrique [email protected] / 2005-07 Mr. Peru reno Domingo [email protected] 2005-07 Caag Donnalyn Atienza Ms. Philippines [email protected] 2005-07 Jagwe Wyclif Mr. Uganda [email protected] 2005-07 Mahu Seth Agbeve Mr. Ghana [email protected] 2005-07 Wickramarathne W. G. Hashini K. Ms. Sri Lanka [email protected] 2005-07 Paula Chaves Patricia C. B. Ms. Brasil [email protected] 2005-07 Sanchez Herrera Diego Alejandro Mr. Columbia [email protected] 2005-07 Wilches Tamayo Camilo Andres Mr. Colombia [email protected] 2005-07 Beyn Mulugeta W. Mr. Eritrea [email protected] 2005-07 Sterner Michael Mr. Germany [email protected] 2005-07 Hegel Rodolfo Mr. Guatemala [email protected] 2005-07 Pechlivanoglou Georgios Mr. Greece [email protected] 2005-07 Peel Andrew Mr. Canada [email protected] 2005-07 Randig Sebastian Mr. Germany [email protected] 2005-07 Rojas Carlos Mauricio Mr. Colombian [email protected] Herráez Hernán- 2005-07 Iván Mr. Spain [email protected] dez 2005-07 Torio Blanco Herena Mr. Spain [email protected] 2006-08 Mekki Nada Md. Ms. Sudan [email protected]
63 List of former participants
EUREC/REMA-students 2004/05 AYMARD Caroline Ms France [email protected] 2004/05 THOMAS Denis Mr Belgium [email protected] Tristan Eugene 2004/05 LERMITTE Mr England [email protected] William 2004/05 CLAUZONNIER Adrien Mr France [email protected] 2004/05 ANSELL Duncan Peter Mr England [email protected] ADLER GOMES 2004/05 João Paulo Mr Portugual [email protected] DA COSTA [email protected] / 2004/05 LECESVE Laurent Mr France [email protected] 2004/05 AVRAAMIDES Stelios Mr Cypress [email protected] 2004/05 CORREIA Stélio Mr Portugual [email protected] 2004/05 CARRELL Justin Mr England [email protected] [email protected] / 2004/05 MANTAS Panagiotis Mr Greece [email protected] 2004/05 DIMOPOULOS Aris Mr Greece [email protected] STROMBONI- 2004/05 Estelle Ms France [email protected]/05 PREVOST 2004-05 THIEBAUT ROMARIC Mr France [email protected] 2005/06 ADNAN Mohammad Mr. Pakistan [email protected] philippe_mccracken@hotmail. 2005/06 McCRACKEN Philippe Mr. Canadian com 2005/06 XUEREB Steven Mr. Maltese [email protected] 2005/06 LOPEZ ALCALA Leodegario Mr. Mexican [email protected] 2005/06 SADER Hadi Mr. Lebanese [email protected] 2005/06 ROUZE Jerome Mr. French [email protected] ANTONOPOU- 2005/06 Antonios Mr. Canada [email protected] LOS Theodoros-Theo- 2005/06 POLIZOIS Mr. Greek [email protected] doritis [email protected] / bertrand. 2005/06 GUILLOT Bertrand Mr. French [email protected] MONTES DE OCA 2005/06 Luis Mr. Spanish [email protected] ARJONA [email protected] / 2005/06 SINGLEHURST Robert Mr. Canada [email protected]
64 List of staff and useful links
List of staff and usefull links
Name mail -address Ronald Frels (secretary) ronald.frels@ uni-oldenburg.de
Andrea Geisler (technical assistant) [email protected]
Hans Holtorf (aka Bloos) (lecturer) [email protected]
Edu Knagge (co-ordinator) [email protected]
Udo Kulschewski(lecturer) [email protected]
Dr. Konrad Blum (lecturer) [email protected]
Dr. Detlev Heinemann (lecturer) [email protected]
Dr. H.P. Waldl (Igor) (lecturer (extern.)) [email protected]
Dr. Jürgen Schumacher (lecturer (extern.)) [email protected]
Michael Golba (Head of PPRE) [email protected]
Prof. Dr. J. Peinke (lecturer) [email protected]
Prof. Dr. J. Parisi (Head of EHF-group) [email protected] Prof. Dr. M. Meyer-Renschhausen [email protected] - FH Darmstadt (lecturer)
Prof. Dr. G. Bauer (lecturer) [email protected] Dr. Joachim Göttsche - Solar-Institut Juelich, [email protected] FH Aachen
Dr. Sibylle Petrak -lecturer [email protected]
Paul Ziethe (lecturer) [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Weiler, Polytechnic Emden [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Sigrid Jannsen [email protected]
Dr. Ulrich Graf - University of Bremen [email protected]
Prof. H.G. Beyer -Polytechnic in Magdeburg [email protected]
Dr. Thomas Degner - ISET [email protected]
Pedro Kraemer- BORDA [email protected]
Dr. Franz Trieb -DLR, Germany [email protected]
Dr. W. Schlez - GARRAD HASSAN LTD. [email protected]
Marita Palmer - DAAD [email protected]
gate (gtz -question answer information) [email protected]
IASEE-L (Discussion List on Solar Energy Education) [email protected]
PPRE-L (PPRE-alumni-network-list) [email protected] PPRE & EUREC-Students 2006