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Assessment of Sugarcane Industry-Suitability for Production

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Assessment of Sugarcane Industry-Suitability for Production Annals of Agrarian Science 16 (2018) 389–395 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Annals of Agrarian Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aasci Assessment of sugarcane industry: Suitability for production, consumption, and utilization T Omprakash Sahu School of Chemical and Food Engineering, BiT Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Sugar is one of the oldest commodities in the world. It can be produced from sugarcane, sugar beet or other crops By-products having sugar content. Wide applications of sugar make massive demand in the domestic including international Food market. An assessment of environmental impact for sugar processing industry has done in terms of production, Pollution processing, recycling, and utilization. Sugarcane mill has a significant contribution on government revenue and Sugarcane employment opportunities. It has other goodness like the development of community system and administrative Recycling aspects of the environmental management plan. The purpose of the study to focus the importance of sugar Waste management industry including process, the resource required and products formed along with sources of pollution and built- in mitigation measures with respect to wastewater, gaseous emissions, and solid wastes. Sugar industry by- products are now being used as raw material in the production of valuable products, which provides employ- ment to the rural people and also have a potential to earn forging exchange by the export. The discussion of this study shows that sugar industry did not involve in a generation of harmful chemical substance neither the product has an effect on surrounding environment. It comes under the green industry, which maintained zero discharge. Introduction production with an unacceptable amount of organic and inorganic in- cluding pollutant inform gaseous and solid. Hence these pollutants have Sugar was first introduced by India during the fourth and sixth an adverse effect on the surrounding environment [10]. Still, sugar centuries by cutting sugarcane [1]. Sugar can be produced from su- industries have some unsolved objective, which is unable to conclude garcane and sugar beet, Out of 120 nations nearly 65 nation produced [11]. From the environmental point of view factory facing question from sugarcane, nearly 40 are from sugar beet and 10 are from both [2]. mark related to all types of pollution (air, water, land, and sound) due The top ten nations, which produced two-thirds of total sugar world- to mismanagement and industrial standardization [12,13]. Therefore, wide is tabulating in Table 1 [3]. Sugarcane is coming under worthy it's necessary to study the impact on the environment and adverse ef- agricultural crops, which have special contributing for energy, refuel fects. and chemical synthesis [4,5]. One of the waste from the sugar industry; Environmental Impact Assessment study is organized inspection to bagasse were utilized for steaming of the boiler by all most all the analyze the environmental norms [14]. The aim of environmental im- country, which produced sugar from sugarcane [6]. In olden age, sugar pact assessments (EIA) study is not only to bring down the unfavorable factory produced sugar only and there byproduct are unserviceable, but impact on the environment but also catalyst the favorable impact and the concept change and this by-product are reprocessing for power and retained the standard for the healthy environment. A significant study some pharma products [7]. This reprocessing unites creates new em- analyzes all the movement in the industry, rectifies, arrange the alter- ployment opportunity for an urban and rural area and supports to natives and maintain transparency to authority. Perfect environment collect international currency [8]. Without reprocessing or open management in the industry ensures about policy, laws, rule and reg- dumping of waste from sugar industry has a significant impact on air, ulation, raw material, energy, and workers safety. This can observe by water, and land ecosystem. They have a major role in changing the the authorized agency with regular auditing. The space between in- physicochemical characterization of this ecosystem [9]. formation and industry can be also filled by the environmental impact The sugar processing industry have the large quantity of water de- assessments study. mand and generated a large quantity of wastewater at all stages of sugar The main aim of this study is to examine the environmental impact Peer review under responsibility of Journal Annals of Agrarian Science. E-mail address: [email protected]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aasci.2018.08.001 Received 5 April 2018; Received in revised form 31 July 2018; Accepted 1 August 2018 Available online 02 August 2018 1512-1887/ © 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Agricultural University of Georgia This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-NC-ND/4.0/). O. Sahu Annals of Agrarian Science 16 (2018) 389–395 Table 1 Table 2 Sugar production and consumption in world top ten countries by 2017–2018 Trend in world sugar production and consumption [17]. [3]. S.No Year Production Consumptions Stock Trade S.No Country Production Consumptions Contribution of (MT) (MT) Sugar production 1 2009–10 159.0 161.7 28.8 34.0 (%) 2 2010–11 165.4 162.7 29.3 24.8 3 2011–12 174.8 168.4 35.2 24.7 1 Brazil 38.87 10.60 20.28 4 2012–13 184.3 173.0 42.5 23.9 2 India 32.44 26.50 16.93 5 2013–14 181.9 176.5 43.8 27.4 3 European 21.15 18.80 11.03 6 2014–15 179.7 179.8 43.6 27.9 Union 7 2015–16 173.4 173.4 40.5 28.3 4 China 10.25 15.70 5.34 8 2016–17 170.9 173.5 30.9 31.2 5 Thailand 13.73 2.63 7.16 9 2017–18 187.6 170.6 28.8 – 6 USA 8.39 11.18 4.37 7 Mexico 6.32 4.59 3.29 8 Pakistan 7.42 5.40 3.87 mercury, lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc. Among them, Arsenic, 9 Russia 6.50 6.16 3.39 mercury, lead, and cadmium are heavy metal and present in small 10 Australia 4.70 10.1 2.45 11 Others 41.82 62.14 21.82 quantity in sugar juice [19]. These heavy metals are separate from sugar juice at the time of processing by separation and purification method [20]. The physical and chemical property of sugar is mention in of sugarcane processing industry that has an adverse effect on pro- Table 3. duction, processing and pollution level. The study also discussed the process phase mitigation to operate a healthy industry. Sugar manufacturing process Sugar production Sugar can be generally produced by two manufacturing process i. e, (1) carbonation process and (ii) sulphitation process. Among both of Sugar is found in all the green leaves, fruit and vegetable in form of them, sulphitation process is most used due to an economical process of carbohydrates that stored in form sucrose. Sugar is mainly two type's refining white sugar as compared to another available process [21]. The first raw sugar and second is refined sugar. The raw sugar is purified major unit operations are listed and shown in Fig. 2. and crystallized sucrose; a combination of fructose and glucose with – fi polarization (Pol) of 96 99°, shown in Fig. 1. The re ned sugar pro- Collection of raw material duced from sugarcane, sugar beet corn and cassava etc [15]. They are mostly grown in the tropical and sub-tropical area. Among all agro- The sugarcane and sugar beet are collected from near agricultural crops sugarcane and beet sugar generates and contained more sucrose, farmland. A full growth or mature plant were selected, removes the that why cultivated more for business purpose. leaves and roots in the farmland. The selected sugar contains material is Sugar crystals are covered with molasses having a brown golden in transported to the sugar processing industry, where they kept in god- color. It can be processed from sugarcane and sugar beet. The raw sugar owns. From godown, with help of conveyor, it passes to sugarcane fi mainly used to produce re ned sugar, which required removal of im- crushing compartment. purities and bleaching before production of refined sugar. The polar- ization of refined sugar has more than > 99°. Refined sugars are used Crushing of sugarcane for daily consumption (basic diet) and input material of the food and beverage industry [16]. The sugar production graph increases nearly In this section, first sugarcane was washing with warm water to 11.5%, from 2009 to 10 to 2014–15 crop year and increase 2% every remove the impurities like mud, oil, and grease during transportation year, which mention in Table 2 [17]. The productions of sugar de- etc. This washed sugarcane was cute in small pieces with help of the pending on the economic, environment, social aspects and sucrose cutter. Now send to the rolling mill to press the sugarcane and extract contained. Sugar can be produced by three types of juices [18]: Cane the juices from it. In pressed sugarcane again added hot water and juice contained 93% purity after clarification process; Beet juice having pressed to recover the maximum percentage of juice. The extracted 91.8% purity after purification process; Corn juice contained 95% juice was sending for purification into juice clarifiers and unserviceable purity after filtration. Sugar consists of carbohydrates, protein, calcium, pressed sugarcane (baggage) were dispatch to the boiler house for fuel iron, potassium, and sodium, including a small percentage of arsenic, purposed. Juice clarification The sugar solution from crushing roll having 15–20% of solid, 10–15% sucrose and 70–90% of purity, these statistics calculated from the method of juice removal, geographical condition, types and age of sugarcane.
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