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Farming Systems Farming Systems These icons indicate that teacher’s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page. This icon indicates the slide contains activities created in Flash. These activities are not editable. For more detailed instructions, see the Getting Started presentation. 1 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 What is a farming system? What different types of farming are there? What factors affect farming in the UK? Learning objectives 2 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Inputs, processes and outputs Farming systems involve inputs, processes and outputs. Other systems do too: Look at this Jam-making system Things you need to INPUTS supply to the system, e.g. fruit, sugar, labour. Things you do to the PROCESSES inputs, e.g. boiling, stirring. The results – what you OUTPUTS make in the end. In this case, jam! 3 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Farming system 4 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Farming system Inputs Processes Outputs labour ploughing wheat capital sowing potatoes seeds spraying barley animals adding seeds fertilizer fertilizers crop waste harvesting pesticides milk grazing hides milking wool profit eggs 5 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 A day in the life of… An upland sheep farmer A cereal farmer “I got up early and was in the farm office by 8:30. The fertilizer I had ordered arrived “I got up at 5:30 and fed at 9:00, and I made sure it was the dogs. I took them up safe in the barn before I went the fell on the quad bike to to the tractor shed. I spent the check on the ewes. The rest of the day ploughing, ready grass is very short at the for the wheat to be sown next moment, and the ewes week. Angus used the other looked a bit thin, so I took tractor for sowing oilseed rape them some hay up in the in the next field.” Landrover. I spent the afternoon mending the fences in the lower field.” 6 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Farming system 7 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 What is a farming system? What different types of farming are there? What factors affect farming in the UK? Learning objectives 8 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 An example of a real farm system A Dairy Farm 10 tonnes 80 Cows 30 tonnes INPUTS Vet bills 65 hectares of fertilizer Labour of feed of pasture Spreading Making Feeding and fertilizer silagePROCESSESMilking tending cows 600,000 litres Manure ofOUTPUTS milk per Calves year 9 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 What are the different types of farming? 10 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 What are the different types of farming? Pastoral Arable Extensive Intensive Subsistence Commercial 11 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Subsistence and Commercial Subsistence farmers grow food for themselves and their families. Their farms are usually small and they do not have enough money to invest in chemicals or machinery. Subsistence farmers usually live in LEDCs (Less Economically Developed Countries). Commercial farmers sell their produce. Their farms are usually larger, and more modern. In practice, most farmers sell or trade at least part of their produce – there are few true subsistence farmers. 12 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Intensive and Extensive Intensive farming involves getting the maximum possible yield from the land. This means putting in a lot of inputs. Rice production in the Ganges valley needs lots of labour and a good irrigation system. Tomato and pepper growing in the San Joaquin Valley, California uses expensive greenhouses and other equipment. Extensive farming involves using very few inputs. It usually needs a lot of land instead. Upland sheep farming in Cumbria. Prairie wheat farming in the Canadian prairies. 13 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Commercial or subsistence? 14 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 What are the different types of farming? 15 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 What are the different types of farming? 16 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 What is a farming system? What different types of farming are there? What factors affect farming in the UK? Learning objectives 17 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 What affects the distribution of farming? The main factors affecting the distribution of farming in the UK are: Climate Relief (shape of the land) and altitude Soil type Accessibility to the market and labour supply 18 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 The effect of climate The climate of a particular place affects what types of plant grow well there. The important factors are: Hours of sunshine Temperature Rainfall Cereal crops need lots of sunshine and quite low rainfall. Tropical fruits need high temperatures and lots of rain. Grass for pastoral farming grows best in cool, wet climates. However, there are ways of beating climate. Greenhouses can be used to grow crops that need high temperatures, and irrigation systems can be used to overcome lack of rainfall. 19 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 The effect of relief Steep land is much harder to farm. Water drains downhill, taking soil and nutrients with it – most upland soil is thin and not very fertile. Steep slopes make it difficult to use machinery. There are ways of making farming on steep gradients possible. Most steep land is used for pastoral farming. 20 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 The effect of soil Soil varies greatly from place to place, and affects what can grow. Here are some important factors: Depth – plants grow better in deep soils. Fertility – plants need soils with enough nutrients in them. This depends on the amount of humus (organic matter). Texture – soils contain sand, silt and clay. The amount of each affects the soil’s ability to retain nutrients and moisture. pH (or acidity) also affects how well plants grow. Arable farming needs deep, fertile, well drained soil. Poorer soils are fine for pasture land. Fertilizers and other chemicals can be added to improve soil fertility and pH. 21 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 The effects of market and labour Economic factors also affect the distribution of farming. Farmers that produce perishable goods, such as milk, strawberries and eggs have to farm close to people who buy these products. Otherwise the food would spoil before reaching the consumer. Farmers must also be able to employ enough skilled labour to run their farms. These factors mean that it is sometimes difficult to farm in remote areas. Transport improvements are greatly reducing these problems, especially in more economically developed countries. 22 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Plenary 23 of 23 © Boardworks Ltd 2006.
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